Session 5: Self-regulation — Time Management

Time Management and Its Importance

Time management is the thinking skill that helps you to
• complete tasks on time.
• make a daily timetable.
• make a good guess at how long it will take you to do
something.
• submit homework and assignments on time.
• not waste time during the day.
Four Steps for Effective Time Management Organize
1.Organise: We plan our day to- day activities.
2. Priorities: We make a to-do list that has all our activities
and we rank them in the order ofimportance.
3. Control: We have a control over our activities and time.
4. Track: We identify and note where we have spent our
time.
 PART-A
UNIT-1
Communication Skills
Communication Skills means how do we communicate with
each other. The way of presenting our information is very
important. Communication Skills include those
areas which deal with our talking, writing, expressing our
views.
This includes the overall developmentof your personality.
Session 1: Methods of Communication
The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word
commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’.Clear and concise
communication is of immenseimportance in work and
businessenvironment as there are several parties involved.
Communication has three important parts:
1. Transmitting — The sender transmits the message
through one medium or another.
2. Listening — The receiver listens or understands the
message.
3. Feedback — The receiver conveys their understanding of
the message to the sender in
the form of feedback to complete the communication cycle.
Communication Process and Elements
The various elements of the communication cycle are:
Sender: the person beginning the communication.
Message: the information that the sender wants to convey.
Channel: the means by which the information is sent.
Measureable: A measureable goal answers the questions
“How much?”, “How many?” and“How do I know that I
have achieved results?”
Not measurable goal: “I want to be rich.”
Measurable goal: “I want to have 5 times more money than
what I have today in my hand atTheend of this year.”

Achievable: Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will

make the goal achievable.
Bigger Goal: “I want to become a teacher in my school.”
Realistic: A realistic goal would be something that we want
to achieve and can worktowards.
Example of unrealistic goal: “I will read my entire year’s
syllabus in one day and get goodmarks.”
Realistic goal: “I spend 3 hours every day of the year after
school to revise my subjects toGetgood marks in the
exams.”
• Time bound: A SMART goal should have a timeframe by
when the goal needs to beachieved.
This encourages us to take actions to completely fulfill the
goals.
Not a time bound goal: “I want to lose 10 kg someday.”
Time bound goal: “I want to lose 10kg in the next 6
months.”
Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent.
Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgment and response to
the message.
Methods of Communication
· Face-to-face informal
· Communication
· e-mail
· Notices/Posters
· Business Meetings
· Social networks, message, phone call for communication,
newsletter, blog, etc
Choosing the right method of communication depends on
• Target audience
• Costs
• Kind/type of information
• Urgency/priority
Session 2: Verbal Communication
Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language,
and speech. Speaking is one ofthe most effective and
commonly used ways of communicating. It helps in
expressing ouremotions in words.
Type of Verbal Communication
Interpersonal Communication: This form of communication
takes place between twoindividuals and is thus a one-on-
one conversation. It can be formal or informal.
Written Communication: This form of communication
involves writing words. It can beletters, circulars, reports,
Building Self-motivation
• Find out your strengths
• Set and focus on your goals
• Develop a plan
• to achieve your goals
• Stay loyal to your goals

Session 4: Self-regulation — Goal Setting

Goals: They are a set of dreams with a deadline to get them,
for example, saving pocketmoney to buy a favorite mobile
phone by a particular date.

Goal setting: It is all about finding and listing your goals

and then planning on how toachieve them.
How to Set Goals?
We can use SMART method to set goals. SMART stands
for:
• Specific : A specific and clear goal answers six questions.
Who is involved in the goal?
What do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start
and finish? Which means do I use?
Why am I doing this?
Not a specific goal: “I would learn to speak English.”
Specific goal: “I would learn to speak English fluently by
joining coaching classes after myschool every day, and in
six months I will take part in the inter-school debate
competition.”
manuals, SMS, social media chats, etc. It can be between
two ormore people.
Small Group Communication: This type of communication
takes place when there aremore than two people involved.
Each participant can interact and converse with the rest.
Public Communication: This type of communication takes
place when one individualaddresses a large gathering.
Advantages of Verbal Communication
It is an easy mode of communication in which you can
exchange ideas by saying what youwant and get a quick
response.
Disadvantages of Verbal Communication
Since verbal communication depends on written or spoken
words, sometimes the meaningscan be confusing and
difficult to understand if the right words are not used.
Mastering Verbal Communication
Think Before You Speak
• Think about your topic.
• Think about the most effective ways to make
yourlisteners
Understand the topic.
• Write or note down whatever you plan to say.
• Concise and Clear
• Speak clearly, loudly and at moderate speed.
• Be sure the information you want to share is to the
point.
• Do not repeat the same sentences.
Difference between Interests and Abilities (Strengths)
Interests
1. Things that you like to do in your free time that make
you happy. An acquired or
natural capacity
2. Things you are curious about or would do even if no one
asked you to do it.
3. Things you want to learn or would like to do in the future
Ability
1. An acquired or natural capacity
2. enable you to perform a particular job or task with
considerable proficiency.
Session 3: Self-motivation

Self-motivation is simply the force within you that drives

you to do things. Self-motivation is what pushes us to
achieve our goals, feel happy and improve ourquality of
life. In other words, it is our ability to do the things that
need to be donewithout someone or something influencing
us.
Qualities of Self-motivated People
1. Know what they want from life
2. Are focused
3. Know what is important
4. Are dedicated to fulfill their dreams
 • Confidence and Body Language
• Be confident.
• Maintain eye contact, stand straight and be attentive.
• Be friendly.
Session 3: Non-verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of
information or messageswithout using any spoken or
written word.
Importance of Non-verbal CommunicationIn our day-to-day
communication
• 55% communication is done using body movements, face,
arms, etc.
• 38% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses,
etc.
• only 7% communication is done using words.
Types of Non-verbal Communication
• Facial Expressions
• Posture
• Gestures or Body Language
• Touch
• Space
• Eye Contact
• Paralanguage: tone, speed and volume of our voice.
Examples of Visual Communication
• Managing emotions: the ability to regulate one’s own
emotions when necessaryand help others to do the same.
Some steps to manage emotional intelligence are as given
below.
• Understand your emotions: Observe your behaviour and
note the things youneed to work on. You can then work on
the things you need to improve.
• Rationalize: Do not take decisions abruptly; be rational in
your thinking.
• Practice: Do meditation and yoga to keep yourself calm.
Session 2: Self-awareness — Strength and
Weakness Analysis

Techniques for Identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses

Finding Strengths (or abilities)
• Think of anything that you are always successful at.
• Think about what others like in you.
• Take out time and think about what you do well.

• Finding Weaknesses
• Point out the areas where you struggle and the things
you find difficult to do.
• Look at the feedback others usually give you.
• Be open to feedback and accept your weaknesses
without feeling low about it. Take it as an
• area of improvement.
 Session 4: Communication Cycle and the Importance of
Feedback
For effective communication, it is important that the sender
receives an acknowledgementfrom the receiver about
getting the message across. While a sender
sendsinformation, thereceiver provides feedback on the
received message.
Types of Feedback
• Positive Feedback
• Negative Feedback
• No Feedback
A good feedback is one that is:
• Specific: Avoid general comments. Try to include
examples to clarify your statement.
Offering alternatives rather than just giving advice allows
the receiver to decide what to dowith your feedback.
• Timely: Being prompt is the key, since feedback loses its
impact if delayed for too long.
• Polite: While it is important to share feedback, the
recipient should not feel offended by thelanguage of the
feedback.
upset over a scoring less in a test, try to maintain a positive
attitude and look at waysto improve the next time.
• Sleep: We should get a good night’s sleep for at least 7
hours so that your brainand body gets recharged to function
better the next day.
• Holidays with family and friends: Going to a relative’s
place, such as yourgrandparents’ house or a new place
during your summer vacations can help youbreak from the
normal routine and come back afresh.

Ability to Work Independently

If you can become a calm and relaxed person, you will have
the ability to work
independently, which means.
1. becoming self-aware, self-monitoring, and self-
correcting.
2. knowing what you need to do.
3. taking the initiative rather than being told what to do.
4. recognizing your mistakes and not blaming others.
5. having the ability and the will to learn continuously.
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage
one’s own emotions, aswell as the emotions of others.
• Emotional awareness: the ability to identify and name
one’s own emotions.
• Harnessing emotions: the ability to harness and apply
emotions to tasks likethinking and problem solving.
• Offering continuing support: Feedback sharing should be
a continuous process. Afteroffering feedback, let recipients
know you are availablefor support.
Importance of Feedback
• It validates effective listening: The person providing the
feedback knows they have beenunderstood (or received)
and that their feedbackprovides some value.
• It motivates: Feedback can motivate people to build better
work relationships andcontinue the good work that is being
appreciated.
• It is always there: Every time you speak to a person, we
communicate feedback so it isimpossible not to provide
one.
• It boosts learning: Feedback is important to remain
focused on goals, plan better anddevelop improved products
and services.
• It improves performance: Feedback can help to form
better decisions to improve andincrease performance.
Session 5: Barriers to Effective Communication
What is Effective Communication?
Effective communication follows the basic principles of
professional communication skills.
relaxation, and fun. By doing this, you are able to deal with
daily stress triggers andmeet these challenges head-on.
Always keep in mind the ABC of stress management
A: Adversity or the stressful event
B: Beliefs or the way you respond to the event
C: Consequences or actions and outcomes of the event
Management Techniques
Here are a few simple stress management techniques.
• Time management: Proper time management is one of the
most effective stress-
relieving techniques.
• Physical exercise and fresh air: A healthy lifestyle is
essential for students.
Stress is generally lower in people who maintain a healthy
routine. Doing yoga,meditation and deep breathing
exercises help in proper blood circulation and relaxes
the body. Even taking a walk or playing in the park will
help you get a lot of freshoxygen, which will help you
become more active.
• Healthy diet: Having a healthy diet will also help you
reduce stress. Eating abalanced diet, such as Dal, Roti,
vegetables and fruits will give you the strength to do
your daily work efficiently.
• Positivity:Focusing on negative aspects of life will add
more stress. Instead,learn to look at the good things and
stay positive. For example, instead of feeling
Barriers to Effective Communication
Physical Barriers
Physical barrier is the environmental and natural condition
that act as a barrier incommunication in sending message
from sender to receiver. Not being able to see
gestures,posture and general body language can make
communication less effective.
Linguistic Barriers
The inability to communicate using a language is known as
language barrier tocommunication. Language barriers are
the most common communication barriers, whichcause
misunderstandings misinterpretations between people
Interpersonal Barriers
Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the
sender’s message is receiveddifferently from how it was
intended.
Organisational Barriers
Organisations are designed on the basis of formal
hierarchical structures that follow
performance standards, rules and regulations, procedures,
policies, behavioral norms, etc.All these affect the free
flowof communication in organisations
• Time Management: Prioritise the things you have to do.
Remove waste and
redundancy from work. Make a time table and follow it
diligently.
• Adaptability: Stay current with best practices and read up
on new information
always. Prepare yourself for new changes, so that you can
transition seamlessly.
Session 1: Stress Management
What is Stress?
Stress can be defined as our emotional, mental, physical and
social reaction to any
perceived demands or threats. These demands or threats are
called stressors. Stressors are
the reason for stress.
For example,
• you are too close to the exams but feel unprepared.
• you are experiencing a loss of someone close in the
family.
• you are worried about what people would think of you if
you don’t dress well or
cannot speak confidently.
Stress Management
Managing stress is about making a plan to be able to cope
effectively with dailypressures. The ultimate goal is to
strike a balance between life, work, relationships,
Cultural Barriers
Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are
unable to understand each other’scustoms, resulting in
inconveniences and difficulties. People sometimes make
stereotypical
assumptions about others based on their cultural
background
Ways to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication
• Use simple language
• Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or
geography
• Try to communicate in person as much as possible
• Use visuals
• Take help of a translator to overcome differences in
language
• Be respectful of other’s opinions
7 C's of Communication
The 7 Cs stand for:
• Clear
• Concise
• Concrete
• Correct
• Coherent
• Complete
• Courteous
 Unit2: Self-Management Skills

Self Management Skills are those skills that help a person

to control his thoughts,wants, feelings and actions. It allows
you to maximize your productivity and
performance in various fields of your career. When we talk
about employability, Self-management skills help you to
manage a good career path. It helps you to overcome
in many bad situations. Here in this article, we will discuss
Stress and Stress Management Techniques and also we will
discuss how to work independently.
Following are some of the skills you must master to
succeed in life:
• Self-awareness: Ask for honest feedback. Gather insights
on your personality and
work-specific proficiencies. Think about your daily
interactions and how you handled
situations well or could have handled them differently.
• Responsibility: Taking responsibility for your tasks is very
important. Taking
ownership is the step towards self-development. For
example, if you have been
assigned a task by a teacher; ensure you take complete
ownership. Even if you are
unable to complete the task on time, you must report it and
then correct it.
 Session 6: Writing Skills — Parts of Speech
Writing skills are part of verbal communication and include
e-mails, letters, notes, articles,
SMS/chat, blogs, etc.
Capitalization Rules
Punctuation: Full stop, Comma, Question mark,
Exclamation mark
Basic Parts of Speech
The part of speech indicates how a particular word
functions in meaning as well as
grammatically within the sentence. Some examples are
nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs , Conjunctions,
Prepositions, Interjections
Session 7: Writing Skills — Sentences Active and Passive
Sentences
Types of Sentences
1. Statement or Declarative Sentence
2. Question or Interrogative Sentence
3. Emotion/Reaction or Exclamatory Sentence
4. Order or Imperative Sentence