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Module 10 Equilibrium of Parallel Forces

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Module 10 Equilibrium of Parallel Forces

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Tapalla Cedrick
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Chapter

3 Statics of Rigid Bodies

3-4 Equilibrium of Parallel Force Systems

The conditions for equilibrium of parallel force systems are determined from
the conditions necessary to create a zero resultant. From the equations of the
resultant of parallel force system;
𝑅 = 𝛴𝐹
𝑅. 𝑑 = 𝛴𝑀
Since equilibrium means zero resultant, we conclude that the equations for
equilibrium are
𝛴𝐹 = 0
𝛴𝑀 = 0
from which only two unknown forces may be determined to hold a parallel
force system in equilibrium.

Illustrative Problem 1) The horizontal bar AB is supported at each end and


carries the vertical loads shown. Determine the support at A and B required to
hold the bar at rest.

Solution:
We first assume that the reactions 𝑅𝐴 and 𝑅𝐵 should be acting upward to
support the bar AB to maintain at rest.
The formula 𝑅 = 𝛴𝐹 cannot be used for the attempt to solve the unknown
reactions at A and B, because we may arrive to two unknowns from that equation.
Instead, we may use
0
↻Σ𝑀𝐵 = 𝑅𝐴 (8.5) − 20(7.5) − 25(5.5) − 15(1.5)
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟒𝟕 𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)

0
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 (8.5) − 20(1) − 25(3) − 15(7)
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟑 𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)

Engr. Edna P. Montañez | Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


Chapter
3 Statics of Rigid Bodies

To check:
𝛴𝐹 (↑) − 𝛴𝐹 (↓) = 0
𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 − 20 − 25 − 15 = 0
36.47 + 23.53 − 20 − 25 − 15 = 0
0=0

Illustrative Problem 2) Determine the reactions for the beam loaded as shown.

Solution:
Get the equivalent concentrated forces of the rectangular and triangular
loadings and its 𝑥 distances from the left end.

𝐹1 = (20)(4) = 80 𝑘𝑁
1
𝐹2 = 2 (60)(3) = 90 𝑘𝑁

1
𝑥1 = 2 (4) = 2𝑚
2
𝑥2 = 3 (3) + 1 = 3𝑚

Solve for the reactions 𝑅1 and 𝑅2


0
↻ 𝛴𝑀𝐵 = 𝑅1 (5) − 80(3) − 90(2); 𝑹𝟏 = 𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 𝑅2 (5) − 80(2) − 90(3); 𝑹𝟐 = 𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)

To check:
𝛴𝐹 (↑) − 𝛴𝐹 (↓) = 0
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 − 80 − 90 = 0
84 + 86 − 80 − 90 = 0
0=0

Engr. Edna P. Montañez | Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


Chapter
3 Statics of Rigid Bodies

Illustrative Problem 3) For the system of pulleys shown, if each pulley weighs 36
lb and W= 720 lb, find P to maintain equilibrium.

From the pulley whose weight W is connected, it can be found;

↑ 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
3(3𝑃 − 36) = 36 + 720
9𝑃 − 108 = 756
9𝑃 = 864
𝑷 = 𝟗𝟔 𝒍𝒃

Engr. Edna P. Montañez | Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


Chapter
3 Statics of Rigid Bodies

Illustrative Problem 4) The upper beam in the figure is supported by a hinge at D


and a simple support at C which separates the upper and lower beams. The lower
beam is also supported by a hinge at A and a roller support at B. Determine the
reactions at the support at A, B, C and D.

Solution:
The beam has three unknown reactions, since there are only two available
equations for equilibrium of parallel force systems, we need to separate the upper
beam and the lower beam to produce two unknowns for each beam.

From the upper beam To check (from upper beam)


0
↻Σ𝑀𝐷 = 𝑅𝐶 (10) − 60(14) − 190(4) 𝛴𝐹 (↑) − 𝛴𝐹 (↓) = 0
𝑹𝑪 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅) 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑅𝐷 − 60 − 190 = 0
0
160 + 90 − 60 − 190 = 0
Σ𝑀𝐶 = 𝑅𝐷 (10) + 60(4) − 190(6)
0=0
𝑹𝑫 = 𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)

Engr. Edna P. Montañez | Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


Chapter
3 Statics of Rigid Bodies
From the lower beam
0
↻Σ𝑀𝐵 = 𝑅𝐴 (10) − 400(6) + 𝑅𝐶 (4)
0 = 𝑅𝐴 (10) − 400(6) + 160(4)
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
0
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 (10) − 400(4) − 𝑅𝐶 (14)
0 = 𝑅𝐵 (10) − 400(4) − 160(14)
𝑹𝑩 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)

To check (from lower beam) To check (from whole beam)


𝛴𝐹 (↑) − 𝛴𝐹 (↓) = 0 𝛴𝐹 (↑) − 𝛴𝐹 (↓) = 0
𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 − 400 − 160 = 0 𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 − 400 − 160 = 0
176 + 384 − 400 − 160 = 0 176 + 384 − 400 − 160 = 0
0=0 0=0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzFayxt4PkY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnhV69LQPJc

Do-it-Yourself

Practice Activity

For the parallel forces acting on the beam shown, determine the reactions
at A and B so that the beam will remain at rest.
𝐹

Figure 1
Read the topic “Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force Systems” in preparation
for the next module.

Engr. Edna P. Montañez | Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


Chapter
3 Statics of Rigid Bodies

WORKSHEET No. 10

Name: _____________________________________ Course/Year: ___________


Instructor: __________________________________ Rating: ________________

Instruction: Answer the following problems:

1. A beam simply supported at both ends, carries a concentrated load of 12


kN, a uniformly distributed load of 6 kN/m and uniformly varying load that
varies from intensity zero to 15 kN/m. Determine the required supports of
the beam.

2. The roof truss shown is supported by a roller at A and a hinge at B. Find


the values of the reactions.

3. The wheel loads are given in the figure shown. Determine the distance “x”
so that the reaction of the beam at A is twice as great as the reaction at B.

Engr. Edna P. Montañez | Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges

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