Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

BE Fifth Semester
Subject: Structural Analysis - II
Name of faculty: Rakesh Shambharkar, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering
Unit 3
Basic concept, Degree of Freedom, Basic concept of Direct Stiffness Method.
Formulation of elemental/local stiffness matrix and global stiffness matrix for plane truss.
Transformation Matrix, Assembly of Global/ Structural stiffness matrix up to (8x8).
Member load matrix including lack of fit, temperature, Assembly of Global/ Structure load
matrix, Solution to problems with maximum degree of freedom three.

1. Derive the stiffness matrix for Truss element. (W16, W17, S18)
Stiffness matrix for truss member in Local Axis

2 4

1 i j 3

Let, i and j are two end node of truss member

Let, 1 = Horizontal direction at node i
2 = Vertical direction at node i
3 = Horizontal direction at node j
4 = Vertical direction at node j
PL
ΔL=
AE
AE
P= Δ
L
Case 1 : - Unit displacement is imposed at node i along x-axis. Considering other end is fixed. i.e.
u2 = u3 = u4 = 0
AE AE
f 11= u f 21=0×u1
f 31=− u f 41=0×u1
L 1 L 1
Case 2 : - Unit displacement is imposed at node i along y-axis. Considering other end is fixed. i.e.
u1 = u3 = u4 = 0
f 12 =0×u 2 f 22=0×u2 f 32=0×u 2 f 42=0×u2
Case 3 : - Unit displacement is imposed at node j along x-axis. Considering other end is fixed. i.e.
u1 = u2 = u4 = 0
AE AE
f 13=− u f 23=0×u3 f 33= u f 43=0×u3
L 3 L 3

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Case 4 : - Unit displacement is imposed at node j along y-axis. Considering other end is fixed. i.e.
u1 = u2 = u3 = 0
f 14=0×u4 f 24 =0×u 4 f 34 =0×u4 f 44=0×u 4
As practically it is not possible that at a time any all other nodes are fixed, hence assembling all the
cases we have,
AE AE
u1 +0×u2 − u +0×u4
1 = f11 + f12 + f13+ f14 =
L L 3
f

= f21 + f22 + f23+ f24 =

0×u1 +0×u2 +0×u 3 +0×u4
2
f
AE AE
− u1 +0×u2 + u +0×u 4
3 = f31 + f32 + f33+ f34 = L L 3
f

= f41 + f42 + f43+ f44 =

0×u1 +0×u2 +0×u 3 +0×u4
4
f

}[ ]{ }
AE AE

{}{
f1 f 11 + f 12 +f 13+ f 14 0 − 0 u1
L L
f2 f 21+ f 22 + f 23+ f 24 0 0 0 0 u2
= =
f3 f 31 +f 32 + f 33+ f 34 AE AE u3
− 0 0
f4 f 41+ f 42 +f 43+ f 44 L L u4
0 0 0 0

In Short, { f }=[ k ]× { u }
Where, [f] = Force nodal matrix in local axis
[k] = Stiffness matrix in local axis for truss member
{u} = Displacement matrix in local axis

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

2. Derive the global stiffness matrix.

Answer: - As shown in figure, a truss member’s local axis is inclined at an angle of  with global
axis.

Y-axis 4

3’
4’
3
j
2
1’
2’
1
i X-axis

Let, i and j are two end node of truss member

Let, 1’ = Local axis horizontal direction at node i
2’ = Local axis vertical direction at node i
3’ = Local axis horizontal direction at node j
4’ = Local axis vertical direction at node j
1 = Global axis horizontal direction at node i
2 = Global axis vertical direction at node i
3’ = Global axis horizontal direction at node j
4’ = Global axis vertical direction at node j
f = notation for the force in local axis
F = notation for the force in global axis
u = notation for the displacement in local axis
U = notation for the displacement in global axis
K = Stiffness matrix in global axis
k = Stiffness matrix in local axis

In figure, the forces at node 1 and node 2 of the truss member are shown in reference to global and
local axes.
Let  be the angle between the local axis and global axis, measure positive in the anticlockwise
direction, from X-axis (i.e. Global axis or structural axis)

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

By resolving the local axis force member at node i and j in global axis by resolve force component
as
f 1=F 1 cos θ+ F 2 sin θ
f 2=−F 1 sin θ+ F 2 cos θ
f 3 =F 3 cos θ+ F 4 sin θ
f 4 =−F 3 sin θ+F 4 cosθ
Writing above equation in matrix form we get

{}[ ]{ }
f1 cos θ sin θ 0 0 F1
f2 −sin θ cos θ 0 0 F2
=
f3 0 0 cos θ sin θ F3
f4 0 0 −sin θ cos θ F4
This matrix form can be written in short as
{ f }=[ T ] { F }
Where, { f }= force matrix in local axis
[ T ] = Transformation Matrix
{ F }= Force matrix in global axis
A similar relationship will good for the displacement in the member and can be written as

{ }[ ]{ }
u1 cos θ sin θ 0 0 U1
u2 U2
= −sin θ cos θ 0 0
u3 0 0 cos θ sin θ U3
u4 0 0 −sin θ cos θ U4
{ u } =[ T ] {U }
Where, { u } = Displacement matrix in local axis
[ T ] = Transformation Matrix
{ F }= Displacement matrix in global axis
We know the relation of force and displacement in local axis, as
{ f }=[ k ]× { u }
Substituting the equation in above as
[ T ] { F }=[ k ] [ T ] {U }
Pre-multiplying by [T]-1 on both side,
[ T ]−1 [ T ] { F }=[ T ]−1 [ k ][ T ] { U }
−1
As the transformation matrix is orthogonal, hence [ T ] [ T ] =[ I ]
[ I ] { F }=[ T ]−1 [ k ][ T ] { U }

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ F }=[ T ]−1 [ k ][ T ] { U }
{ F }=[ K ] {U }
−1
Where, [K] = Global Stiffness matrix [ T ] [ k ][ T ]
Substituting the terms of transformation matrix and local stiffness matrix in above equation we get,
[ K ] =[ T ]−1 [ k ][ T ]

][ ][
AE AE

[ ]
T 0 − 0
cos θ sin θ 0 0 L L cos θ sin θ 0 0
[ K ] = −sin θ cos θ 0 0 × 0 0 0 0 × −sin θ cos θ 0 0
0 0 cos θ sin θ AE AE 0 0 cos θ sin θ
− 0 0
0 0 −sin θ cos θ L L 0 0 −sin θ cos θ
0 0 0 0

][ ][
AE AE

[ ]
0 − 0
cos θ −sin θ 0 0 L L cos θ sin θ 0 0
[ K ] = sin θ cos θ 0 0 × 0 0 0 0 × −sin θ cos θ 0 0
0 0 cos θ −sin θ AE AE 0 0 cos θ sin θ
− 0 0
0 0 sinθ cos θ L L 0 0 −sin θ cos θ
0 0 0 0

[ ] [ ][ ]
cos θ −sin θ 0 0 1 0 −1 0 cosθ sin θ 0 0
AE 0 0 0 −sin θ cos θ
[ K ] = sin θ cosθ 0 0
×
0
×
0 0
0 0 cosθ −sin θ L −1 0 1 0 0 0 cosθ sin θ
0 0 sinθ cosθ 0 0 0 0 0 0 −sin θ cos θ

[
cosθ×1−sin θ×0+0× (−1 )+0×0 cos θ×0−sin θ×0 +0×0+0×0 cosθ× (−1 )−sin θ×0+0×1+0×0 cos θ×(−1 ) + (−sin θ )×0+0

[ K ] = AE sin θ cosθ 0 0
L 0 0 cosθ −sin θ
0 0 sin θ cosθ

[ ][ ]
cosθ 0 −cos θ 0 cosθ sin θ 0 0
[ K ] = AE sin θ 0 −sinθ 0 −sin θ cosθ
×
0 0
L −cosθ 0 cosθ 0 0 0 cosθ sin θ
−sin θ 0 sin θ 0 0 0 −sin θ cosθ

[ ]
( cos θ )2 ( cos θ ) ( sin θ ) −( cos θ )2 −( cos θ )( sin θ )
2 2
( cos θ )( sin θ ) ( sinθ ) −( cos θ ) ( sin θ ) −( sin θ )
[ K ] = AE
L −( cos θ )2 −( cos θ ) ( sin θ ) ( cos θ )2 ( cos θ )( sin θ )
2
−( cos θ )( sin θ ) −( sin θ ) ( cos θ ) ( sinθ ) ( sin θ )2
If cos = cx and sin = cy, then above equation can be replaced as,

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ]=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
This is a stiffness matrix of a truss member in global axis.

3. Analyse the pin jointed truss shown in figure 5 by direct stiffness method. Take area of
cross section of members as 1000mm2 and modulus of elasticity E = 200kN/mm2. Also find out
support reactions. (W14)
Answer:-
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint
Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are
shown in figure

6 8
4
3
A B 5 C
7

O 1

60 kN 40 kN

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2

Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ]
2 2
cx cx c y −c x −c x c y
cxcy c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m= AE
L −c 2x −c x c y c 2x cxcy
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y

Member AO
4
3
A
30

2 X

O 1

θ =−300 c x= cos θ= cos ( −30 ) =

√ 3 c = sin θ =sin (−30 )=− 1
y
2 2
2. 5
L AO = =5m=5000mm
sin 30
AE 1000×200 kN
= =40
1000 mm 2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 5000 mm
A=

[ ]
c 2x cx c y −c 2x −c x c y
c c c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m= AE x 2y
L −c x −c x c y c 2x cxcy
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y

[ ][ ]
0.75 −0 .43 −0 .75 0. 43 30 −17 .32 −30 17 . 32
[ K ] Ao=40× −0. 43 0 . 25 0. 43 −0. 25 = −17 .32 10 17 .32 −10
−0. 75 0 . 43 0 .75 −0. 43 −30 17 . 32 30 −17 .32
0. 43 −0 .25 −0. 43 0. 25 17 . 32 −10 −17 .32 10

3 4 1 2

[ ]
30 −17 . 32 −30 17. 32
[ K ] Ao= −17 .32 10 17 .32 −10
−30 17 . 32 30 −17 .32
17 .32 −10 −17 . 32 10

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Member BO
6
B 5

O 1

1 1
  450 cos cos 45  sin  sin  45 
2 2 E = 200 kN/mm2
2 .5 5 AE 1000×200 kN
LBO = = m=3 . 5355 m=3535 .533 mm = =56 .57
sin 45 √ 2 A = 1000 mm2 L 3535 . 533 mm

[ ][ ]
0 .5 −0 .5 −0. 5 0 . 5 28. 28 −28. 28 −28 . 28 28 . 28
[ K ] BO =56 . 57× −0 .5 0. 5 0. 5 −0 . 5 = −28. 28 28 . 28 28 . 28 −28 . 28
−0 .5 0. 5 0. 5 −0 . 5 −28. 28 28 . 28 28 . 28 −28 . 28
0 .5 −0 .5 −0. 5 0 . 5 28. 28 −28. 28 −28 . 28 28 . 28

5 6 1 2

[ ]
28 . 28 −28 . 28 −28 . 28 28 .28
[ K ] BO = −28. 28 28 . 28 28 . 28 −28 . 28
−28. 28 28 . 28 28 . 28 −28 . 28
28 . 28 −28 . 28 −28 . 28 28 .28
Member CO

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

8
C

1 3
 600 cos cos60  sin  sin 60 
2 2 E = 200 kN/mm2
AE 1000×200 kN
2 .5 5 = =69 .282
LCO= = m=2 . 886751 m=2886.751mm L 5000 mm
sin60 √ 3 A = 1000 mm2 √3

[ ][ ]
0.25 0.433 −0.25 −0.433 17.321 30 −17.321 −30
[ K ] CO=69.282× 0.433 0.75 −0.433 −0.75 = 30 51.962 −30 −51.962
−0.25 −0.433 0.25 0. 433 −17.321 −30 17.321 30
−0.433 −0.75 0.433 0.75 −30 −51.962 30 51.962

7 8 1 2

[ ]
17 . 32 30 −17 . 32 −30
−30 −51. 96
[ K ] CO= 30 51 . 96
−17 .32 −30 17 . 32 30
−30 −51 . 96 30 51. 96

Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 75.60 -15.60 -30 17.32 -28.28 28.28 -17.32 -30
2 -15.60 90.24 17.32 -10 28.28 -28.28 -30 -51.96
3 -30 17.32 30 -17.32 0 0 0 0
4 17.32 -10 -17.32 10 0 0 0 0
5 -28.28 28.28 0 0 28.28 -28.28 0 0
6 28.28 -28.28 0 0 -28.28 28.28 0 0
7 -17.32 -30 0 0 0 0 17.32 30
8 -30 -51.96 0 0 0 0 30 51.96

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ]
75.60 −15 .60 −30 17 .32 −28.28 28 .28 −30 −51.96
−15.60 90 .24 17 .32 −10 28 .28 −28 .28 −30 −51.96
−30 17 .32 30 −17 .32 0 0 0 0
−10 −17 .32 10
[ K ] G= 17.32 0 0 0 0
−28.28 28 .28 0 0 28 .28 −28 .28 0 0
28.28 −28 .28 0 0 −28.28 28 .28 0 0
−17 .321 −30 0 0 0 0 17 .32 30
−30 −51 .96 0 0 0 0 30 51.96

Reduced global stiffness matrix

[
[ K ] G= 75 . 60 −15 . 60
−15. 60 90 . 24 ]

[ ]
Step – 5 Step – 6 Boundary Condition Step – 7 Determination of Primary

[ ]
Formation of U1 Unknown
U1
Global load U2 { F }=[ K ] {U }
U2

[][ ]
Matrix U3 { U }=[ K ]−1 { F }
0

{ }[ ] {−60 }={−00 ..4065951}

F1 U4 −1
= 0 U 1 75 . 605 −15 . 605 40
F2
40
U5 0
=
−60 U 2 −15 . 605 90 . 246
F3 U6 0
0
F4 U7 0
= 0 0
F5 0 U8 G

F6 0
0
F7
0
F8 G

Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unknown

{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AO

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F3 30 −17 . 32 −30 17 . 32 U3 30 −17 . 32 −30 17 . 32 0 −22. 486
F 4 −17 . 32 10 17 .32 −10 U 4 −17 . 32 10 17 .32 −10 0
= = = 12. 982
F1 −30 17 .32 30 −17 . 32 U1 −30 17 .32 30 −17 . 32 0 . 406 12. 486
F 2 17 . 32 −10 −17 .32 10 U 2 17 . 32 −10 −17 .32 10 −0 . 595 −12. 982

Member BO

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F5 28 .284 −28 . 284 −28. 284 28. 284 U5 28 .284 −28 . 284 −28 . 284 28. 284 0 −28 .312
F6 −28 . 284 28 . 284 28 . 284 −28 .284 U 6 = −28 .284 28 . 284 28 . 284 −28 .284 0
= = 28. 312
F1 −28 . 284 28 . 284 28 . 284 −28 .284 U 1 −28 .284 28 . 284 28 . 284 −28 .284 0 . 406 28. 312
F2 28 .284 −28 . 284 −28. 284 28. 284 F2 28 .284 −28 . 284 −28 . 284 28. 284 −0 . 595 −28. 312

Member CO

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F7 17 .321 30 −17 . 321 −30 U7 17 . 321 30 −17 . 321 −30 0 10 . 818
F8 30 51 . 962 −30 −51. 962 U8 30 51. 962 −30 −51 . 962 0
= = = 18 . 737
F1 −17 . 321 −30 17 . 321 30 U 1 −17 . 321 −30 17 . 321 30 0 . 406 −10 . 812
F2 −30 −51. 962 30 51. 962 U2 −30 −51. 962 30 51 .962 −0 .595 −18 .737

Lack of Fit :-
2. Determine the forces in members of a truss if the member BC is long by 2mm. Take area of
cross section as 800mm2, E = 200kN/mm2. Using direct stiffness method. Also find out support
reactions. (W14)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 11

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

2
1

8
4 6
3 5
7

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AB
θ=33. 690 cos θ=cos ( 33 .69 )=0 . 83 sin θ=sin ( 33 . 69 )=0 . 56
1500
LAB = =1802 .77mm
cos33 . 69

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

AE 800×200 kN
= =88 .75
A = 800 mm 2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 1802 .774 mm

3 4 1 2

[ ][ ]
0. 69 0. 46 −0.69 −0 .46 61. 24 40 . 83 −61 .24 −40. 83
[ K ] AB =88 .75× 0. 46 0. 31 −0 .46 −0 .31 = 40 .83 27 . 51 −40 . 83 −27 . 51
−0. 69 −0. 46 0 . 69 0. 46 −61 . 24 −40 .83 61. 24 40 . 83
−0. 46 −0. 31 0 . 46 0 . 31 −40 . 83 −27 .51 40. 83 27 . 51
Member CB
θ=63 . 430 cos θ=cos ( 63. 43 )=0 . 45 sin θ=sin ( 63. 43 )=0 . 89
500
LCB= =1117 . 84 mm
cos 63 . 43
AE 800×200 kN
= =143 . 13
800 mm 2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 1117 . 841 mm
A=

5 6 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 .2 0 . 4 −0 . 2 −0. 4 28. 63 57.25 −28. 63 −57.25
[ K ] CB=143.13× 0 .4 0. 8 −0 . 4 −0. 8 = 57.25 114. 50 −57. 25 −114 .50
−0 .2 −0 .4 0. 2 0. 4 −28.63 −57. 25 28. 63 57 .25
−0. 4 −0.8 0. 4 0. 8 −57.25 −114.50 57. 25 114 .50
Member BD
θ=−63 . 430 cos θ=cos (−63 . 43 )=0 . 45 sin θ=sin (−63 . 43 )=−0. 89
500
LBD = =1117 . 84 mm
cos 63 . 43

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

AE 800×200 kN
= =143 . 133
A = 800 mm 2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 1117 . 841 mm

7 8 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 .2 −0 .4 −0 . 2 0. 4 28. 63 −57 . 25 −28 . 63 57 .25
[ K ] CB=143 .13× −0. 4 0. 8 0. 4 −0. 8 = −57 .25 114. 50 57 . 25 −114 .50
−0 .2 0 . 4 0. 2 −0. 4 −28 .63 57.25 28 . 63 −57 .25
0 .4 −0.8 −0 . 4 0. 8 57 .25 −114.50 −57 . 25 114 .50
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
1 2
1 118.50 40.83
2 40.83 256.51

Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

[ ] []
a. Joint Load
F1
0
F2
0
F3 0
F4
=0
F5 0
F6 0
0
F7
0
F8 G

b. Load due to lack of fit

Member BC is long by 2mm. Therefore for fitting in the given support member BC is
compressed. Hence, member must have the compression force as following equation, as we
know,
PL PL
ΔL= =
AE AE
Δ LAE
P=
L
BC, A = 800 mm2, E = 200 kN/mm2 and
For Member BC, P = F
500
LCB= =1117 . 84 mm
cos 63 . 43
Substituting in above equation we get,
AE ΔL 800×200×2
F BC = = =286 . 27 kN
L 1117 . 84

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Force at Node as shown in figure

{ }{ }{ }
F5 −286. 27×cos 63 . 43 −128 . 05
F6
= −286 .27×sin 63 . 43 = −256 . 04 kN 2
F1 286 . 27×cos 63 . 43 128 .05
286 . 27×sin 63 . 43 256 .04 1
F

{}{ }
2

F1
128. 05
F2
256. 04
F3 0
F4 0 5
=
F5 −128 . 05
F6 −256 .04 6
0
F7
0
F8 G

Final global load matrix

{ F }G={ F }J + { F }Δ

{ } {}{ }{ }
F1
0 128 .05 128 . 05
F2
0 256 .04 256 . 04
F3 0 0 0
F4 0 0 0
= + =
F5 0 −128 . 05 −128 .05
F6 0 −256 . 04 −256 .04
0 0 0
F7
0 0 0
F8 G

Reduced global load matrix

{ F }G =
{ }{
F1
F2
=
128 . 05
256 . 04 }
Step – 6 Boundary Condition

{}{}
U1 U1
U2 U2
U3
= 0
U4 0
U5 0
U6 0
G

Reduced displacement matrix

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ } { }
U1
U2 G
=
U1
U2

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[ ]{ }{ }
−1
U 1 118. 67 41. 003 128. 05 0 .78
= =
U 2 41. 003 256 .34 256 .04 0. 88
Step – 6 Determination of Secondary Unknown
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AB

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F3 61. 416 41. 003 −61 . 416 −41. 003 U3 61 . 416 41 . 003 −61. 416 −41 . 003 0 −83 .99
F4 −41. 003 −27 . 336 U4 −41 . 003 −27 . 336 0 = −56 . 04
= 41. 003 27 .336 = 41 . 003 27 . 336
F1 −61 . 416 −41 . 003 61 . 416 41 . 003 U1 −61 . 416 −41 .003 61. 416 41. 003 0 . 78 83 . 99
F 2 −41 . 003 −27 . 336 41 .003 27 . 336 U 2 −41. 003 −27 .336 41. 003 27 .336 0 . 88 56 . 04

Member CB

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F5 28 .627 57 . 253 −28 .627 −57 .253 U 5 28 . 627 57 . 253 −28 . 627 −57 . 253 0 −72 .71
F6 57 . 253 114 .506 −57 .253 −114 . 506 U6 57 . 253 114 .506 −57 . 253 −114 .506 0 = −145 . 42
= =
F1 −28 . 627 −57 . 253 28. 627 57 .253 U 1 −28 . 627 −57 . 253 28 .627 57 . 253 0 .78 72. 71
F2 −57 . 253 −114 .506 57 .253 114 . 506 F 2 −57 . 253 −114 . 506 57 . 253 114 .506 0. 88 145 . 42

Member BD

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F1 28 .627 −57 .253 −28. 627 57. 253 U1 28 . 627 −57 . 253 −28 .627 57 .253 0 .78 −28 . 05
F2 −57 . 253 114 . 506 57 . 253 −114 . 506 U 2 −57 . 253 114 .506 57 .253 −114 .506 0 .88
= = = 56 .11
F7 −28 . 627 57 .253 28 . 627 −57 . 253 U7 −28 . 627 57 . 253 28 .627 −57 .253 0 28 .05
F8 57 .253 −114 .506 −57 .253 114 . 506 U8 57 . 253 −114 .506 −57 . 253 114 . 506 0 −56 . 11

Step – 7 Representation of Result

116.57kN 62.73kN

162.58kN

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

3. Determine the nodal displacements for the truss shown in figure4 by stiffness method.
Consider the following condition for the analysis:
−6 0
1. Increase the temperature by 500C in the member. Take α=12×10 / C , E = 200GPa, A = 500
mm2 for all members. (S15)

Answer:-
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

3 2
4

88
6

5 7

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 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 5 = 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AB
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1 L = 3000mm
AE 500×200 kN
= =33 .33
2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 3000 mm
A = 500 mm

5 6 3 4

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 33. 33 0 −33 .33
[ K ] AB =33. 33× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −33. 33 0 33. 33

Member AC
θ=36 .87 0 Cx = cos cos 36.87 = 0.8 Cy = sinsin 36.87 = 0.6 E = 200
2
kN/mm
AE 500×200 kN
= =20
L= √3 +4 =5 m=5000 mm
2 2
A = 500 mm2 L 5000 mm

5 6 1 2

[ ][ ]
0. 64 0 . 48 −0 . 64 −0 . 48 12 . 8 9. 6 −12 .8 −9. 6
[ K ] AC=20× 0. 48 0 . 36 −0 . 48 −.036 =
9 .6 7. 2 −9 . 6 −7. 2
−0.64 −0 .48 0. 64 0. 48 −12 . 8 −9. 6 12 .8 9 .6
−0. 48 −0 .36 0. 48 0.36 −9. 6 −7. 2 9 . 6 7 .2

Member BC
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=4 m=4000 mm
AE 500×200 kN
= =25
2
E = 200 kN/mm2 L 4000 mm
A = 500 mm

3 4 1 2

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 18

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 25 0 −25 0
[ K ] BC =25× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −25 0 25 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Member DC
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1 L = 3000mm
AE 500×200 kN
= =33 .33
2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 3000 mm
A = 500 mm

7 8 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 −1 0 33 . 33 0 −33 . 33
[ K ] DC =33 . 33× =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −33 . 33 0 33 . 33

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
37 . 8 9 . 6 −25 0 −12 . 8 −9 .6 0 0
9. 6 40 . 53 0 0 −9 . 6 −7 .2 0 −33 .33
−25 0 25 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 33 . 33 0 −33 .33 0 0
[ K ] G=
−12. 8 −9 . 6 0 0 12 .8 9 .6 0 0
−9. 6 −7 . 2 0 −33 . 33 9 . 6 7 .2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −33 . 33 0 0 0 0 0 33 .33
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

{}{ }
a. Joint Load
F1
50
F2
−100
F3 0
F4
= 0 60
F5 0
F6 0
0
F7
0
F8 G 60 60
60
b. Load due to Increase in Temperature
The temperature is increased by 500C.
Hence, member must have the compression force as following equation
AE αΔ TL
F= = AE αΔT =500×200×12×10−6 ×50=60 kN
L
Force at Node as shown in figure

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 19

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Member AB Member BC Member DC Member AC Assembly of temp.

load matrix

{ }{ } { }{ } { }{ } { }{ }{ }
{}{ }
F5 0 F3 −60 F7 0 F5 −60 cos 36 . 87 −48 F1
F6 F4 F8 F6 108
= −60 kN = 0 kN = −60 kN = −60 sin 36 .87 = −36 kN F2
96
F3 0 F1 60 F1 0 F1 60 cos 36 .87 48 F3 −60
F4 60 F2 0 F2 60 F2 60 sin 36 . 87 36 F4
= 60
F5 −48
F6 −96
0
F7
−60
F8 G

c. Total or Global Load Matrix

{ F }G={ F }J + { F }Δ

{ } { }{ }{ }
F1
50 108 158
F2
−100 96 −4
F3 0 −60 −60
F4
= 0 + 60 = 60
F5 0 −48 −48
F6 0 −96 −96
0 0 0
F7
0 −60 −60
F8 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown or Nodal Displacement

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[ ] { }{ }
−1
U 1 37 . 8 9. 6 −25 158 9.4
U 2 = 9. 6 40 . 53 0 −4 = −2. 36 mm
U3 −25 0 25 −60 7

4. Evaluate the member stiffness matrix of all members of the structure shown in figure 5.
Hence assemble global stiffness matrix. All members have same EA (S15)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 20

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Answer:-

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

8 6
5 4
7
3

1
10

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 5 – 4 = 6
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y

Member AB
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=3 m=3000 mm

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 21

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

AE AE AE kN
= =
AE = Constant L 3 3 m

][ ][
1 1

[ ]
0 − 0
1 0 −1 0 3 3 0 .333 0 −0 . 333 0
AE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[ K ] AB = × = =
3 −1 0 1 0 1 1 −0 .333 0 0 . 333 0
− 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

Member BC
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=3 m=3000 mm
AE AE AE kN
= =
AE = Constant L 3 3 m

][ ][
1 1

[ ]
0 − 0
1 0 −1 0 3 3 0 . 333 0 −0 . 333 0
AE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[ K ] BC = × = =
3 −1 0 1 0 1 1 −0 . 333 0 0 . 333 0
− 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

Member BE
θ=−900 Cx = cos cos (-90) = 0 Cy = sinsin (-90) = -1 L=1 .5 m=1500 mm
AE AE AE kN
= =
AE = Constant L 1. 5 1. 5 m

][ ][
0 0 0 0

[ ]
0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 −
AE 0 1 0 −1 3 3 0 0 . 667 0 −0 .667
[ K ] BE = × = =
1. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 2 2 0 −0 . 667 0 0 .667
0 − 0
3 3

Member EC
θ=tan −1 ( )
1. 5
3
=26 .565 0
Cx = cos cos (26.565) = 0.894 Cy = sinsin (26.565) =
0.447
AE AE kN
=
L=3 . 354 m=3354 mm AE = Constant L 3 .354 m

[ ][ ]
0.8 0.4 −0.8 −0.4 0.238 0.119 −0.238 −0.119
[ K ] EC = AE × 0.4 0.2 −0.4 −0.2 = 0.119 0.059 −0.119 −0.059
3.354 −0.8 −0.4 0.8 0.4 −0.238 −0.119 0.238 0.119
−0.4 −0.2 0.4 0.2 −0.119 −0.059 0.119 0.059

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 22

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Member DE
θ=tan −1 ( 1.35 )=26 .565 0

Cx = cos cos (26.565) = 0.894 Cy = sinsin (26.565) =

0.447
AE AE kN
=
L=3 . 354 m=3354 mm AE = Constant L 3 .354 m

[ ][ ]
0 .8 0 .4 −0 .8 −0. 4 0 .238 0 .119 −0 .238 −0 .119
[ K ] DE = AE × 0. 4 0.2 −0 .4 −0 . 2 = 0 .119 0. 059 −0 .119 −0 .059
3 .354 −0.8 −0. 4 0 . 8 0.4 −0.238 −0. 119 0 .238 0 .119
−0 . 4 −0. 2 0 . 4 0. 2 −0. 119 −0.059 0 .119 0.059

Member AE
θ=−tan −1 ( 1.35 )=−26 .565 0

Cx = cos cos (-26.565) = 0.894 Cy = sinsin (-26.565) = -

0.447
AE AE kN
=
L=3 . 354 m=3354 mm AE = Constant L 3 .354 m

[ ][ ]
0. 8 −0 . 4 −0. 8 0 .4 0 .238 −0 . 119 −0. 238 0 .119
[ K ] AE = AE × −0 . 4 0 .2 0. 4 −0. 2 = −0 . 119 0. 059 0. 119 −0. 059
3 .354 −0 . 8 0 . 4 0. 8 −0. 4 −0 . 238 0. 119 0.238 −0. 119
0. 4 −0.2 −0. 4 0 .2 0 . 119 −0 . 059 −0. 119 0 .059

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
0 . 571 0 . 119 −0 .333 0 −0 . 238 −0 . 119 0 0 0 0
0 . 119 0 . 059 0 0 −0 . 119 −0 . 059 0 0 0 0
−0 . 333 0 0 .667 0 0 0 −0 . 333 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 .667 0 −0 .667 0 0 0 0
[ K ] G= AE −0 . 238 −0 . 119 0 0 0 .714 0 . 119 −0 . 238 −0. 119 −0 . 238 −0 . 119
−0 . 119 −0 . 059 0 0 0 . 119 0 .844 0 . 119 −0 . 059 −0 . 119 −0 . 059
0 0 −0 .333 0 −0 . 238 0 . 119 0 . 571 −0. 119 0 0
0 0 0 0 −0 . 119 −0 . 059 −0. 119 0 . 059 0 0
0 0 0 0 −0 . 238 −0 . 119 0 0 0 . 238 0 . 119
0 0 0 0 −0 . 119 −0 . 059 0 0 0 . 119 0 . 059
5. For the truss as shown in fig.5 determine the joint displacement and the member forces by
stiffness method Assume E = 200 kN/mm2 A = 500 mm2 (For all member) (W15)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 23

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure
Step – 2 Degree of Freedom
DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AD
θ=36 .87 0 Cx = cos cos 36.87 = 0.8 Cy = sinsin 36.87 = 0.6
L= √3 +4 =5 m=5000 mm
2 2
A = 500 mm2 E = 200 kN/mm2
AE 500×200 kN
= =20
L 5000 mm

[ ][ ]
0 .64 0 . 48 −0. 64 −0 . 48 12. 8 9. 6 −12 . 8 −9 . 6
[ K ] AD =20× 0 . 48 0 . 36 −0. 48 −. 036 = 9. 6 7 . 2 −9 . 6 −7 . 2
−0 .64 −0 . 48 0. 64 0 . 48 −12. 8 −9. 6 12 . 8 9.6
−0 . 48 −0 . 36 0. 48 0 . 36 −9. 6 −7. 2 9 . 6 7.2
Member BD
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=4 m=4000 mm A = 500 mm2 E = 200 kN/mm2
AE 500×200 kN
= =25
L 4000 mm

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 25 0 −25 0
[ K ] BD =25× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −25 0 −25 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member CD
θ=−36 . 870 Cx = cos cos 36.87 = 0.8 Cy = sinsin 36.87 = -0.6

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 24

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm A = 500 mm2 E = 200 kN/mm2

AE 500×200 kN
= =20
L 5000 mm

[ ][ ]
0 . 64 −0 . 48 −0 . 64 0 . 48 12 .8 −9 . 6 −12 .8 9 .6
[ K ] CD=20× −0 . 48 0 .36 0 . 48 −. 036 = −9 . 6 7 . 2 9 .6 −7 .2
−0 . 64 0 . 48 0 . 64 −0. 48 −12 . 8 9 .6 12. 8 −9 .6
0 . 48 −0 .36 −0 . 48 0. 36 9 . 6 −7 . 2 −9 .6 7 .2

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
50 . 6 0 −12 .8 −9 . 6 −25 0 −12. 8 9 .6
0 14 . 4 −9 . 6 −7 . 2 0 0 9 .6 −7 .2
−12. 8 −9 . 6 12 . 8 9 .6 0 0 0 0
[ K ] G= −9. 6 −7 . 2 9 . 6 7 .2 0 0 0 0
−25 0 0 0 25 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
−12. 8 9.6 0 0 0 0 12.8 −9 .6
9.6 −7 . 2 0 0 0 0 −9 .6 7 .2

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ]
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix Step – 5 Boundary Condition
F1 50 cos 60 25 U1
U1
F2 50 sin 60 43. 301 U2
U2
F3 F3 F3 U3
0
F4 F4 F4 U4
= = = 0
F5 F5 F5 U5 0
F6 F6 F6 U6 0
F7 F7 F7 U7 0
F8 F8 0
F8 G U8 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

[ ]
5
0
{ }[ ]{ } {2543 .301}={−30 . 494
. 007 }
−1
U1 50 . 6 0 25 253
= =
U2 0 14 . 4 43 .301 5
0
72
Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unknown
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AD

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 25

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F7 12. 8 9. 6 −12. 8 −9. 6 U 7 12 . 8 9 . 6 −12 . 8 −9 . 6 0 22. 544
F8 9 .6 7 .2 −9. 6 −7. 2 U 8 9.6 7 . 2 −9 . 6 −7 . 2 0 16 . 908
= = =
F1 −12. 8 −9 .6 12. 8 9. 6 U1 −12 . 8 −9 . 6 12 .8 9 .6 0 . 494 −22 .544
F2 −9 .6 −7 .2 9. 6 7.2 U −9 . 6 −7 . 2 9.6 7 . 2 −3 . 007 −16 .908
2

Member BD

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F5 25 0 −25 0 U 5 25 0 −25 0 0 −12 .351
F6 0 0 0 0 U6 0 0 0 0 0 0
= = =
F1 −25 0 −25 0 U 1 −25 0 −25 0 0 . 494 12. 351
F2 0 0 0 0 F 0 0 0 0 −3 . 007 0
2

Member CD

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F 3 12 . 8 −9 . 6 −12 .8 9 .6 U 3 12 . 8 −9 . 6 −12 .8 9 .6 0 −35 .1904
F4 −9 . 6 7.2 9 . 6 −7 . 2 U4 −9 . 6 7 . 2 9 . 6 −7 . 2 0
= = = 26 .3928
F 1 −12 . 8 9 . 6 12 .8 −9 . 6 U 1 −12 . 8 9 . 6 12 .8 −9 .6 0 . 494 35 .1904
F2 9 . 6 −7 . 2 −9 . 6 7.2 U2 9 . 6 −7 . 2 −9 . 6 7 . 2 −3 . 007 −26 .3928

Step – 9 Representation of Result

26.3928

35.1904 48.988 35.1904

0 26.3928
12.351 12.351
12.351

0
16.908 28.18
22.544

22.544 16.908

6. Determine Global load matrix and stiffness matrix in given

truss for the following effects, (W15)
(1) Temp fall by 500C, (2) Member BD is 0.1 mm too
long.
(3) Here c/s area of each member is 10 cm2. Assume
E = 20000 kN/cm2 = 12x10–6/0C

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint

Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown
in figure

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 26

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

7 2
8

C 1
D

48
6
A B

5 3

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom: - DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 5 = 3

Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
0
Member AB: - θ=0 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=3 m=3000 mm A = 10 cm2 = 1000 mm2 E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE 10×20000 2000 kN kN
= = =666 .67
L 300 3 cm cm

][ ]
2000 2000

[
0 − 0
1 0 −1 0 3 3
2000
[ K ] AB = × 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0
3 −1 0 1 0 2000 2000
− 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 3
0 0 0 0
Member BC
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1
L=4 m=4000 mm A = 10 cm2 E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE 10×20000 kN
= =500
L 400 cm

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 500 0 −500
[ K ] BC =500× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −500 0 500
Member CD

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 27

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0

L=3 m=3000 mm A = 10 cm2 = 1000 mm2 E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE 10×20000 2000 kN kN
= = =666 .67
L 300 3 cm cm

][ ]
2000 2000

[
0 − 0
1 0 −1 0 3 3
2000
[ K ] CD= × 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0
3 −1 0 1 0 2000 2000
− 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 3
0 0 0 0
Member DB
θ=−53 .130 Cx = cos cos 53.13 = 0.6 Cy = sinsin 53.13
= -0.8
L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm A = 10 cm2 = 1000 mm2 E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE 10×20000 kN
= =400
L 500 cm

[ ][ ]
0 .36 −0 . 48 −0. 36 0 . 48 144 −192 −144 192
[ K ] BD =400× −0 . 48 0 . 64 0 . 48 −0 .64 = −192 256 192 −256
−0 .36 0 . 48 0. 36 −0 . 48 −144 192 144 −192
0. 48 −0 . 64 −0 . 48 0 .64 192 −256 −192 256

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
2000 2000
0 0 0 − 0 0 0
3 3
0 500 0 −500 0 0 0 0
2432 2000
0 0 −192 −144 192 − 0
3 3
0 −500 −192 756 192 −256 0 0
[ K ] G=
2000 2432
− 0 −144 192 −192 0 0
3 3
0 0 192 −256 −192 256 0 0
2000 2000
0 0 − 0 0 0 0
3 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

a. Joint Load

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 28

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{}{ }
F1
20
F2
−12
F3 10
F4
= 0 120
F5 0
F6 0
0
F7
0
F8 G
120
b. Load due to Increase in Temperature 120
The temperature is increased by 500C.
Hence, member must have the compression force as following equation 120
AE αΔ TL
F= = AE αΔT =10×20000×12×10−6 ×50=120 kN
L
Force at Node as shown in figure

Member AB Member BC Member DC Member DB

{ }{ } { }{ } { }{ } { }{ }{ }
F5 −120 F3 0 F7 −120 F7 −120 cos 53. 13 −72
F6 F4 −120 F8 F8 −120sin
= 0 kN = kN = 0 kN = 53 . 13 = −96 kN
F3 120 F1 0 F1 120 F3 120 cos 53 . 13 72
F4 0 F2 120 F2 0 F4 120 sin 53 .13 96

{} { }
F1
120
F2
120
F3 192
F4
= −24
F5 −120
F6 0
−192
F7
−96
F8 Temp

c. Load due to lack of fit

Member BD is long by 0.1mm. Hence, member must have the compression force as
following equation
AE ΔL 10×20000×. 01
F BD = = =4 kN
L 500
Force at Node as shown in figure

{ }{ }{ }
F7 −4×cos 53 . 13 −2 . 4
F8 4×sin 53 .13
= = 3. 2 kN
F3 4×cos 53 .13 2.4
4
F4 −4×sin 53 .13 −3 . 2

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 29

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{}{ }
F1
0
F2
0
F3 2. 4
F4
= −3 . 2
F5 0
F6 0
−2. 4
F7
3 .2
F8 Δ

d. Total or Global Load Matrix

{ F }G={ F }J + { F }Δ

{ } { }{ }{ } { }
F1
20 120 0 140
F2
−12 120 0 108
F3 10 192 2. 4 204 . 4
F4 −24 −3
= 0 + + . 2 = −27 . 2
F5 0 −120 0 −120
F6 0 0 0 0
0 −192 −2. 4 −194 . 4
F7
0 −96 3 .2 −92 .8
F8 G

7. Find member forces for the plane truss shown in figure: 5. Member BC is too long by 3
mm. Use stiffness method. C/S area of all members is 600mm2. Assume E = 200 GPa. (S16)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 30

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

1
2

48
6
A C

5 3

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 3 – 3 = 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member CB
∠ ACB=tan−1 ( 34 )=36 . 87 0
θ=180−36 . 870 =143 . 130 Cx = cos cos 126.87 = - 4/5 = - 0.8
Cy = sinsin 126.87 = 3/5 = 0.6 L= √3 +4 =5 m=5000 mm
2 2
A = 600 mm2
AE 600×200 kN
= =24
2 L 5000 mm
E = 200 kN/mm

[ ][ ]
0 . 64 −0 . 48 −0 . 64 0. 48 15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 11. 52
[ K ] CB=24× −0. 48 0 .36 0 . 48 −.036 = −11.52 8 . 64 11.52 −8 .64
−0. 64 0 . 48 0 . 64 −0. 48 −15 . 36 11. 52 15. 36 −11.52
0 . 48 −0 .36 −0 . 48 0 .36 11. 52 −8 . 64 −11. 52 8 .64
Member AC
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=4 m=4000 mm
AE 600×200 kN
= =30
600 mm E = 200 kN/mm 2 2 L 4000 mm
A=

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 31

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 30 0 −30 0
[ K ] AC=30× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −30 0 30 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member AB
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1
L=4 m=4000 mm
AE 600×200 kN
= =40
2
A = 600 mm E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 3000 mm

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 −1 0 40 0 −40
[ K ] AB =40× =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −40 0 40
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix Step – 5 Boundary Condition

[ ]{ } { }
15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 11.52 0 0 U1 U1
−11. 52 48 . 64 11.52 −8 . 64 0 −40 U2 U2
[ K ] G= −15 . 36 11. 52 45 .36 −11.52 −30 0 U3
= U3
11. 52 −8. 64 −11.52 8 . 64 0 0 U4 0
0 0 −30 0 30 0 U5 0
0 −40 0 0 0 40 U6 G
0

Step – 6 Formation of Global load Matrix

a) Load due to lack of fit
Member BC is too long by 3mm. Hence, member must have the compression force as
following equation
AE ΔL 600×200×3
F BD = = =72 kN
L 5000
Force at Node as shown in figure 72

{ }{ }{ }
F1 −72×cos 53 .13 −43 .2
F2 72×sin53 . 13
= = 57 . 6 kN
F3 72×cos 53 .13 43 . 2
F4 −72×sin 53. 13 −57 . 6

Assembling the load due to lack of fit

{}{ }
F1
−43 .2
F2 57 . 6
F3 43 . 2
=
F4 −57. 6
F5 0
0
F6 Δ

a) Joint Load b) Load due to lack of fit c) Total Load Vector

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 32

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ } { } { } { } { } { }{ } { }
F1 F1 F1
0 −43 .2 0 −43 . 2 −43. 2
F2 −60 F2 57 . 6 F2 −60 57 .6 −2 . 4
F3 100 F3 43 . 2 F3 100 43. 2 143 .2
= = = + =
F4 0 F4 −57. 6 F4 0 −57 .6 −57 . 6
F5 0 F5 0 F5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
F6 G F6 Δ F6 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown or Nodal Displacement

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[ ] { }{ }
−1
U 1 15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 −43 .2 −0 . 13
U 2 = −11. 52 48 . 64 11.52 −2 . 4 = −0 . 87
U 3 −15. 36 11. 52 45 .36 143 . 2 3 .33
Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unkn own or Member forces
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member CB Member AC

{} [ ]{ } { } { } [ ]{ } { }
F3 15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 11.52 3 . 33 43 .12 F5 30 0 −30 0 0 −100
F4 −11.52 8 . 64 11.52 −8 .64 0 −32 .34 F6
= = = 0 0 0 0 0 = 0
F1 −15 . 36 11. 52 15. 36 −11.52 −0. 13 −43. 12 F3 −30 0 30 0 3 .33 100
F2 11. 52 −8 . 64 −11. 52 8 .64 −0 . 87 32 .34 F4 0 0 0 0 0 0
CB AC

Member AB

{} [ ]{ }{ }
F5 0 0 0 0 0 0
F6 0 40 0 −40 0 34 . 8
= × =
F1 0 0 0 0 −0 .13 0
F2 AB
0 −40 0 40 −0 . 87 −34 . 8

32.34 – 34.8
43.12 + 0
B

53.9kN C
34.8kN
0 + 34.8
43.12 + 100
-100 + 0
A 100kN
32.34 + 0

8. Assemble the global stiffness matrix and load matrix for the plane Truss shown in fig : 6 if
members meeting at joint B are subjected to temperature rise of 60ºC. Assume E = 210
kN/mm2, Cross Sectional area of members AB = BC = CD = 710mm 2 and AC = BD = 550mm2
(S16)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 33

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

.
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

1 4
2

C 3
B

668
8
A D

7 5

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 3 = 5
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AB
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1 L=5 m=5000 mm

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 34

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

AE 710×200 kN
= =28 . 4
2
710 mm E = 210 kN/mm 2 L 5000 mm
A=

7 8 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 28 . 4 0 −28. 4
[ K ] AB =28. 4× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −28. 4 0 28 . 4
Member BC
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=5 m=5000 mm
AE 710×200 kN
= =28 . 4
2
710 mm E = 210 kN/mm 2 L 5000 mm
A=

1 2 3 4

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 28 . 4 0 −28. 4 0
[ K ] BC =28 . 4× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −28. 4 0 28 . 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member DC
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1 L=5 m=5000 mm
AE 710×200 kN
= =28 . 4
2
710 mm E = 210 kN/mm 2 L 5000 mm
A=

5 6 3 4

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 28 . 4 0 −28 . 4
[ K ] CD=28 . 4× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −28 . 4 0 28 . 4
Member AC
1 1
C x =cos θ=cos 45= C y =sin θ=sin 45=
θ=45 0
√2 √2
L= √52 +52 =5 √2m=5000 √ 2mm
AE 550×210 kN
= =16 .33
550 mm 2
E = 210 kN/mm 2 L 5000 √ 2 mm
A=

7 8 3 4

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 35

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
0 . 5 0 .5 −0 .5 −0 .5 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17
0 . 5 0 .5 −0 .5 −0 .5 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17
[ K ] AC=16. 33× =
−0 . 5 −0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17
−0 . 5 −0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17
Member DB
−1 1
C x =cosθ=cos135= C y =sin θ=sin135=
θ=135 0
√2 √2
L= √52 +52 =5 √2m=5000 √ 2mm
AE 550×210 kN
= =16 .33
550 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2 L 5000 √ 2 mm
A=

5 6 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 .5 −0 .5 −0. 5 0 . 5 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17
−0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −0. 5 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17
[ K ] DB =16 . 33× =
−0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −0. 5 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17
0 .5 −0 .5 −0. 5 0 . 5 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
36 . 57 −8 .17 −28 . 4 0 −8 . 17 8. 17 0 0
−8 .17 36 . 57 0 0 8 . 17 −8. 17 0 −28 . 4
−28. 4 0 36 .57 8 .17 0 0 −8 .17 −8 . 17
−28 . 4 −8 .17 −8 . 17
[ K ] G= 0 0 8 . 17 36 . 57 0
−8 .17 8. 17 0 0 8 . 17 −8. 17 0 0
8 .17 −8 .17 0 −28. 4 −8 . 17 36 . 57 0 0
0 0 −8 . 17 −8 .17 0 0 8 .17 8 . 17
0 −28 . 4 −8 . 17 −8 .17 0 0 8 .17 36 .57

Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

a. Load due to Increase in Temperature
Members meeting at B are raised temperature of 600C
Hence, member must have the compression force as following equation

AE αΔ TL
F BA = =AE αΔT =710×210×12×10−6 ×60=107 .352 kN
L
AE αΔTL
F BC = = AE αΔT =710×210×12×10−6 ×60=107 . 352 kN
L
AE αΔ TL
F BD = =AE αΔT =550×210×12×10−6 ×60=83 .16 kN
L
Force at Node as shown in figure
Member AB Member BC Member DB

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 36

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ }{ } { }{ } { }{ }{ }
F7 0 F1 −107 . 352 F5 83 . 16 cos 45 58. 80
F8 −107 . 352 F2 0 F6 −83 .16 sin 45 −58. 80
= kN = kN = = kN
F1 0 F3 107 . 352 F1 −83 .16 cos 45 −58. 80
F2 107 . 352 F4 0 F2 83 . 16 sin 45 58. 80

Assembly of b. Joint Load Final Load Matrix

{ } { } { } { } { } { }{ }{ }
Temperature Load
F1 F1 F1
−58. 80 0 0 −58 . 80 −58 . 80
F2 F2 F2
166 . 152 0 0 166 .152 166 . 152
F3 107 . 352 F3 80 F3 80 107 .352 187 . 352
F4 F4 F4
= 0 = −100 = −100 + 0 = −100
F5 58 . 80 F5 0 F5 0 58 .80 58 . 80
F6 −58. 80 F6 0 F6 0 −58 . 80 −58 . 80
0 0 0 0 0
F7 F7 F7
−107 . 352 0 0 −107 .352 −107 . 352
F8 Temp
F8 Jo int F8 G

9 b) Determine the forces in member of given truss shown in fig. (W16)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 37

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure
6 8
3
4 C D

B 5 7

28

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member BA
c =sin θ=− √
1 3
θ =−600 c x =cos θ =
2 y 2
AE 6×8000 kN
300 300 600 = =80 √ 3=138 . 564
L AO = = = =346 . 410 cm L 600 cm
sin 60 √3/2 √ 3 √3

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 38

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
0. 25 −0 . 433 −0 . 25 0 . 433 20 √ 3 −60 −20 √ 3 60
−60 60 √ 3 60 −60 √ 3
[ K ] AB =80 √3× −0 . 433 0 .75 0 . 433 −0 .75
=
−0. 25 0 . 433 0 . 25 −0. 433 −20 √ 3 60 20 √ 3 −60
0 . 433 −0 .75 −0 . 433 0 .75 60 −60 √ 3 −60 60 √ 3
Member AD
1 1
θ =450 cos θ =cos ( 45 )= sin θ=sin ( 45 )=
√2 √2 A = 6 cm2 E = 8000 kN/cm2
300 300
L AD = = m=300 √2=424 . 264 cm AE 6×8000
= =80 √ 2=113 . 137
kN
sin 45 (1/ √ 2) L 300 √ 2 cm

[ ][ ]
0. 5 0 . 5 −0 . 5 −0 . 5 40 √2 40 √2 −40 √2 −40 √2
[ K ] AD =80 √ 2× 0. 5 0 . 5 −0 . 5 −0 . 5 = 40 √2 40 √2 −40 √2 −40 √2
−0. 5 −0 . 5 0 . 5 0 .5 −40 √ 2 −40 √ 2 40 √ 2 40 √ 2
−0. 5 −0 . 5 0 . 5 0 .5 −40 √ 2 −40 √ 2 40 √ 2 40 √ 2
Member AC
θ =900 cos θ= cos ( 90 )= 0 sin θ =sin ( 90 ) =1 L AC =300 cm A = 6 cm2
AE 6×2000
= =40 kN
E = 2000 kN/cm 2 L 300 cm

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[ K ] AC=40× 0 1 0 −1 = 0 40 0 −40
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −40 0 40

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
20 √3+40 √2 −60+40 √ 2 −20 √ 3 60 0 0 −40 √2 −40 √ 2
−60 +40 √ 2 60 √3+40 √2+40 60 −60 √ 3 0 −40 −40 √2 −40 √ 2
−20 √ 3 60 20 √ 3 −60 0 0 0 0
[ K ] G= 60 −60 √ 3 −60 60 √3 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −40 0 0 0 40 0 0
−40 √2 −40 √ 2 0 0 0 0 40 √ 2 40 √2
−40 √2 −40 √ 2 0 0 0 0 40 √ 2 40 √2

[][ ] [][]
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix Step – 6 Boundary Condition
F1 U1
0 U1
F2 U2
−100 U2
F3 0 U3
0
F4 U4
= 0 = 0
F5 0 U5 0
F6 0 U6 0
0 0
F7 U7
0 0
F8 G U8 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 39

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ }[ ] { }{ }
−1
U 1 20 √ 3+40 √2 −60+40 √2 0 = −0 . 0188
= ×
U2 −60+40 √2 60 √ 3+40 √ 2+40 −100 −0 . 4991

Step – 8 :- Determination of Secondary Unknown

{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AB

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F3 20 √ 3 −60 −20 √3 60 U3 20 √3 −60 −20 √ 3 60 0 −29 . 295
F4
= −60 60 √ 3 60 −60 √ 3 U4
= −60 60 √ 3 60 −60 √ 3 0 = 50 .740
F 1 −20 √3 60 20 √ 3 −60 U1 −20 √3 60 20 √3 −60 −0 . 0188 29 . 295
F2 60 −60 √ 3 −60 60 √3 U2 60 −60 √ 3 −60 60 √ 3 −0. 4991 −50 .740

Member AC

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F1 0 0 0 0 U5 0 0 0 0 −0. 0188 0
F2 0 40 0 −40 U 6 0 40 0 −40 −0. 4991 −19 . 964
= = =
F5 0 0 0 0 U1 0 0 0 0 0 0
F6 0 −40 0 40 U2 0 −40 0 40 0 19 .964

Member AD

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F1 40 √ 2 40 √2 −40 √ 2 −40 √2 U7 40 √2 40 √2 −40 √2 −40 √2 −0 .0188 −29 . 297
= 40 √ 2 40 √2 −40 √ 2 −40 √2 = 40 √2 40 √2 −40 √2 −40 √2 −0. 4991 = −29 . 297
F2 U8
F7 −40 √2 −40 √ 2 40 √2 40 √ 2 U1 −40 √ 2 −40 √ 2 40 √ 2 40 √ 2 0 29 .297
F 8 −40 √2 −40 √ 2 40 √2 40 √ 2 U 2 −40 √ 2 −40 √ 2 40 √ 2 40 √ 2 0 29 .297

Step – 9 Representation of Result

50.740 29.297
29.295 19.964 0 D

B C 29.297

19.964
58.58919.964 41.432

29.2978

29.295
29.297
A
50.740

10. Analyse the truss shown in fig. (6) If temp. is increased by 30º, Also the length of member
AC is found to be 5mm too short, = 12x10–6/0C, E = 210 GPa, Area of cross section =
750mm2 (W16)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 40

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure
Step – 2 Degree of Freedom
DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 5 = 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AB
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1
L=4 m=4000 mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 GPa = 210x109 N/m2 =210 kN/mm2
AE 750×210 kN
= =39. 375
L 4000 mm

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 −1 0 39. 375 0 −39 .375
[ K ] AB =39. 375× =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −39. 375 0 39. 375
Member DC
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1
L=4 m=4000 mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 GPa = 210x109 N/m2 =210 kN/mm2
AE 750×210 kN
= =39. 375
L 4000 mm

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 41

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 −1 0 39 . 375 0 −39 . 375
[ K ] DC =39 . 375× =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −39 . 375 0 39 . 375
Member BC
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=5 m=5000 mm
A = 750 mm2
E =210 kN/mm2
AE 750×210 63 kN kN
= = =31. 5
L 5000 2 cm mm

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 31 .5 0 −31 .5 0
[ K ] BC =31. 5× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −31 . 5 0 31 .5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member AD
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=5 m=5000 mm
A = 750 mm2
E =210 kN/mm2
AE 750×210 63 kN kN
= = =31. 5
L 5000 2 cm mm

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 31 .5 0 −31 .5 0
[ K ] AD =31. 5× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −31 . 5 0 31 .5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member AC
θ=53. 130 Cx = cos cos 53.13 = 0.6 Cy = sinsin 53.13
= 0.8
L= √52 +4 2=6. 403124m=6403.124mm
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE 750×210 kN
= =24 . 597
L 6403 . 124 mm

[ ][ ]
0. 36 0 . 48 −0 . 36 −0. 48 8 . 855 11. 807 −8. 855 −11. 807
[ K ] AC=24 .597× 0. 48 0 .64 −0 . 48 −0. 64 = 11. 807 15 . 742 −11. 807 −15 . 742
−0 .36 −0 . 48 0 . 36 0. 48 −8 . 855 −11.807 8. 855 11. 807
−0. 48 −0 .64 0 . 48 0. 64 −11. 807 −15 . 742 11. 807 15 .742

Member BD
θ=−53 .130 Cx = cos cos (53.13) = 0.6 Cy = sinsin (-53.13) = -
0.8
L= √52 +4 2=6. 403124m=6403.124mm

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 42

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE 750×210 kN
= =24 . 597
L 6403 . 124 mm

[ ][ ]
0. 36 −0 . 48 −0 . 36 0. 48 8 . 855 −11.807 −8. 855 11. 807
[ K ] AC=24 .597× −0. 48 0 .64 0 . 48 −0. 64 = −11. 807 15 . 742 11. 807 −15 . 742
−0 .36 0 . 48 0 . 36 −0. 48 −8 . 855 11. 807 8. 855 ¿11.807
0. 48 −0 .64 −0 . 48 0. 64 11. 807 −15 . 742 −11. 807 15 .742

Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

[][ ]
a. Joint Load
F1
50
F2
−60
F3 0
F4
= 0
F5 0
F6 0
0
F7
0
F8 G

b. Temperature Load
Member AB
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1
o
L= 4 m= 4000 mm ΔT =30 C
A = 750 mm2
E = 210 kN/mm2
AE αLΔT=10×20000×12×10−6 ×4000×3=226800 kNmm

{ } { } { }{ }
f3 cos θ 0 0
f4
[ f ]TBC = =48000× sin θ =48000× 1 = 48000
f1 −cos θ 0 0
f2 −sin θ −1 −48000

Member AB
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
o
L=3 m=3000 mm ΔT =50 C
A = 10 cm2 = 1000 mm2
E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE αLΔT=10×20000×12×10−6 ×300×50=36000 kNcm

{} { } { }{ }
f7 cos θ 1 36000
f8
[ f ]TAB = =36000× sin θ =36000× 0 = 0
f3 −cos θ −1 −36000
f4 −sin θ 0 0

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 43

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Member BC
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1
o
L= 4 m= 4000 mm ΔT =50 C
A = 10 cm2
E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE αLΔT=10×20000×12×10−6 ×400×50=48000 kNcm

{ } { } { }{ }
f3 cos θ 0 0
f4
[ f ]TBC = =48000× sin θ =48000× 1 = 48000
f1 −cos θ 0 0
f2 −sin θ −1 −48000
Member CD
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
o
L=3 m=3000 mm ΔT =50 C
A = 10 cm2 = 1000 mm2
E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE αLΔT=10×20000×12×10−6 ×300×50=36000 kNcm

{} { } { }{ }
f5 cos θ 1 36000
f6 sin θ 0 0
[ f ]TCD = =36000× =36000× =
f1 −cosθ −1 −36000
f −sin θ 0 0
2
Member BD
θ=−53 .130 Cx = cos cos 53.13 = 0.6 Cy = sinsin 53.13
= -0.8
L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm A = 10 cm2 = 1000 mm2 E = 20000 kN/cm2
AE αLΔT=10×20000×12×10−6 ×500×50=60000 kNcm

{ } { } { }{ }
f5 cos θ 0.6 36000
f6 sin θ −0 .8 = −48000
[ f ]TBD = =60000× =60000×
f3 −cos θ −0 . 6 −36000
f −sinθ 0.8 48000
4

Assembly of temperature load

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 44

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[][ ]
F1
−36000
F2
−48000
F3 −72000
F4
= 96000
F5 72000
F6 −48000
36000
F7
0
F8 G

11. Determine the nodal displacement matrix for the plane truss shown in Fig. 5. Use direct
stiffness method. Take area of members is 800 mm2 (For all members). Assume E = 200
kN/mm2 (S17)
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in
figure
6 4
5 3

8 2
7 1
Step – 2 Degree of Freedom
DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 5 = 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AD
θ=0 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L =4m = 4000 mm A = 800 mm2 E = 200 kN/mm2
AE 800×200 kN
= =40
L 4000 mm

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 40 0 −40 0
[ K ] AD =40× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −40 0 40 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member BC

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 45

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0

L=4 m=4000 mm
AE 400×200 kN
= =40
A = 800 mm 2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 4000 mm

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 40 0 −40 0
[ K ] BC =40× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −40 0 40 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member BD
θ=−36 . 870 Cx = cos = 0.8 Cy = sin-0.6 L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm
AE 800×200 kN
= =32
A = 800 mm 2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 5000 mm

[ ][ ]
0 .64 −0 . 48 −0 .64 0 . 48 20. 48 −15 . 36 −20 . 48 15 . 36
−0 . 48 0. 36 0. 48 −. 036 −15 .36 11.52 15 .36 −11.52
[ K ] BD =32× =
−0 . 64 0 . 48 0. 64 −0 . 48 −20 . 48 15 .36 20 . 48 −15 . 36
0 . 48 −0. 36 −0 . 48 0 . 36 15. 36 −11.52 −15 . 36 11. 52
Member DC
θ=90 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1 L = 3m =
3000 mm
AE 800×200 160 kN
= = =53. 333
A = 800 mm 2
E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 3000 3 mm

][ ]
0 0 0 0

[
0 0 0 0 160 −160
0 0
160 −1 = 3 3
[ K ] DC = ×0 1 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 −160 160
0 0
3 3

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
60. 48 −15 .36 0 0 −20 . 48 15 . 36 −40 0
−15 .36 64 . 853 0 −53 . 333 15 . 36 −11. 52 0 0
0 0 40 0 −40 0 0 0
−53 .333 0 53 . 333
[ K ] G= 0 0 0 0 0
−20 . 48 15 .36 −40 0 60 . 48 −15 . 36 0 0
15. 36 −11. 52 0 0 −15 . 36 11. 52 0 0
−40 0 0 0 0 0 40 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix Step – 6 Boundary Condition

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 46

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[][ ] [][]
F1 U1 U1
100
F2 U2 U2
−70
F3 0 U3 U3
F4 U4
= 0 = 0
F5 0 U5 0
F6 0 U6 0
0 0
F7 U7
0 0
F8 G U8 G

Step – 7 Determination of nodal displacement

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[ ] { }{ }
−1
U 1 60 . 48 −15 . 36 0 100 1 . 467
U 2 = −15 . 36 64 . 853 0 × −70 = −0. 732
U3 0 0 40 0 0
Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unknown
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AD

{ }[ ]{ } { }
F7 40 0 −40 0 0 −58 . 66
F8 0 0 0 0 0 0
= =
F1 −40 0 40 0 1. 467 58 . 66
F2 0 0 0 0 −0 .732 0

Member BC

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F5 40 0 −40 0 U5 40 0 −40 0 0 0
F6 0 U6 = 0
= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 =0
F3 −40 0 40 0 U3 −40 0 40 0 0 0
F4 0 0 0 0 F 0 0 0 0 0 0
4

Member BD

{ }[ ]{ } { }
F5 20 . 48 −15 . 36 −20 . 48 15 . 36 0 −41. 288
F6 −15 . 36 11. 52 15 .36 −11. 52 0
= = 30 . 966
F1 −20 . 48 15 . 36 20 . 48 −15 . 36 1 . 467 41 .288
F2 15 .36 −11.52 −15 . 36 11. 52 −0. 732 −30 . 966

Member DC

[ ]{
0 0 0 0

{} }{ }
F1 160 −160 1 . 467 0
0 0
F2 3 3 −0 .732 = −39. 04
=
F3 0 0 0 0 0 0
F4 −160 160 0 39. 04
DC 0 0
3 3

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 47

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

39.04
51.61

58.66

12. Assemble the global stiffness matrix for the plane truss shown in fig. 6 Also assemble the
load vector if c/s area for all members in 1000 mm2 and E = 210 GPa. (S17)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 48

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

6 4

10
5 3

8
2

7
1

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 5 – 5 = 5
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
As Member AB, BC and ED are length and orientation are same, hence stiffness matrix also
same
Member AB, Member BC and Member ED
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=4 m=4000 mm
AE 1000×210 105 kN kN
= = =52 .5
A = 1000 mm 2
E = 210 GPa = 210 kN/ mm 2 L 4000 2 mm mm

][ ]
105 105

[
0 − 0
1 0 −1 0 2 2
[ K ] AB =105 × 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0
2 −1 0 1 0 105 105
− 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 2
0 0 0 0
As Member EB, CD are length and orientation are same, hence stiffness matrix also same
Member EB, Member CD
θ=900 Cx = cos = 0 Cy = sin = 1 L=3 m=3000 mm
AE 1000×210 kN
= =70
2
A = 10 cm = 1000 mm 2
E = 210 kN/mm 2 L 3000 mm

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 49

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 −1 0 70 0 −70
[ K ] EB =70× =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −70 0 70
As Member AE, BD are length and orientation are same, hence stiffness matrix also same
Member AE, Member BD
θ=−36 . 870 Cx = cos 0.8 Cy = sin -0.6 L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm
AE 1000×210 kN
= =42
A = 1000 mm 2
E = 210 kN/mm 2 L 5000 mm

[ ][ ]
0 .64 −0 . 48 −0. 64 0 . 48 26 .88 −20 .16 −26 . 88 20 .16
[ K ] AE =42× −0 . 48 0 . 36 0. 48 −. 036 = −20 .16 15 .12 20. 16 −15 .12
−0 .64 0 . 48 0. 64 −0 . 48 −26 . 88 20 .16 26 .88 −20 .16
0 . 48 −0 . 36 −0. 48 0 . 36 20. 16 −15 .12 −20 .16 15 .12

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
79. 38 −20 .16 0 0 −26 . 88 20 .16 0 0 −52. 5 0
−20 .16 85. 12 0 −70 20 .16 −15 . 12 0 0 0 0
0 0 131. 88 −26 .16 −52 .5 0 −52. 5 0 −26 .88 20. 16
0 −70 −26 .16 85. 12 0 0 0 0 20 . 16 −15 .12
−26 .88 20. 16 −52 .5 0 79. 38 −20 .16 0 0 0 0
[ K ] G=
20. 16 −15 .12 0 0 −20 .16 15 .12 0 0 0 0
0 0 −52 .5 0 0 0 52. 5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 −70
−52 .5 0 −26 .88 20. 16 0 0 0 0 79 . 38 −20 .16
0 0 20. 16 −15 .12 0 0 0 −70 −20 .16 85. 12

Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

a. Joint Load

[ F1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F5 F 6 F 7 F 8 F 9 F10 ]TG= [ 0 −100 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 ]

13. Determine the forces in member of given truss shown in fig. (W17)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 50

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2

Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y

Member AD

θ=tan −1 ( 43 )=53 . 13 cos θ=cos (53 . 13 )= 35 sin θ=sin ( 53 .13 )= 45

0

AE 6×8000
L AD =√ 32 +4 2=5 = =9600 kN
A = 6 cm2 E = 8000 kN/cm2 L 5 m

[ ][ ]
0 . 36 0 . 48 −0 .36 −0 . 48 3456 4608 −3456 −4608
[ K ] AD =9600× 0 . 48 0 . 64 −0 . 48 −0 . 64 = 4608 6144 −4608 −6144
−0 . 36 −0. 48 0 .36 0 . 48 −3456 −4608 3456 4608
−0 . 48 −0. 64 0 . 48 0 . 64 −4608 −6144 4608 6144

Member BD

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 51

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

θ=tan −1 ( 1.45 )=69 . 44 cos θ=cos ( 69 . 44 ) =0 .351 sin θ=sin ( 69. 44 )=0. 936
0

LBD = √ 42 +1. 52 = √ =4 . 272m

73
2 A = 6 cm2 E = 8000 kN/cm2
AE 6×8000 96000 kN
= = =11235. 95
L √73 /2 √ 73 m

[ ]
9 24 9 24
− −
73 73 73 73

[ ]
24 64 24 64 1385 . 254 3694 .011 −1385 .254 −3694 . 011
− −
−3694 . 011 −9850 . 695
[ K ] BD =11235 . 95× 73 73 73 73
=
3694 .011 9850. 695
9 24 9 24 −1385. 254 −3694 . 011 1385. 254 3694 . 011
− −
73 73 73 73 −3694 . 011 −9850 .695 3694 . 011 9850 .695
24 64 24 64
− −
73 73 73 73
Member CD

θ=tan −1 ( 42 )=− 63. 43 cos θ=cos (−63 . 43 )=0 . 447 sin θ= sin (−63. 43 )=−0 . 894
0

LCD= √ 42 +22=2 √ 5=4 . 472 m A = 6 cm2 E = 8000 kN/cm2

AE 6×8000 24000 kN
= = =10733 .126
L 2 √5 √5 m

[ ][ ]
0 .2 −0. 4 −0 .2 0 . 4 2146 .625 −4293 .251 −2146 .625 4293. 251
[ K ] CD=10733 .126× −0 . 4 0 .8 0 .4 −0 .8 = −4293 .251 8586 . 501 4293 . 251 −8586 .501
−0 . 2 0. 4 0 .2 −0 .4 −2146 .625 4293 . 251 2146 . 625 −4293 . 251
0 .4 −0 .8 −0 . 4 0 . 8 4293 .251 −8586 .501 −4293 . 251 8586. 501
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
6987 . 879 4008 .76 −3456 −4608 −1385 .254 −3694 . 011 −2146 . 625 4293 .251
4008 .76 24581 .196 −4608 −6144 −3694 . 011 −9850 . 695 4293 .251 −8586 . 501
−3456 −4608 3456 4608 0 0 0 0
[ K ] G= −4608 −6144 4608 6144 0 0 0 0
−1385 . 254 −3694 .011 0 0 1385. 254 3694 . 011 0 0
−3694 .011 −9850 . 695 0 0 3694 . 011 9850 .695 0 0
−2146 . 625 4293 . 251 0 0 0 0 2146 . 879 −4293. 251
4293 .251 −8586. 501 0 0 0 0 −4293 . 251 8586 .501

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 52

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ] [] [][]
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix Step – 6 Boundary Condition
F1 U1
0 U1
F2 U2
0 U2
F3 0 U3
0
F4 U4
=0 = 0
F5 0 U5 0
F6 0 U6 0
0 0
F7 U7
0 0
F8 G U8 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }

[][ ][ ]
0 6987 . 879 4008 . 76 −3456 −4608 −1385 .254 −3694 .011 −2146 . 625 4293 . 251 U1
0 4008 . 76 24581 .196 −4608 −6144 −3694 .011 −9850 . 695 4293 . 251 −8586. 501 U 2
0 −3456 −4608 3456 4608 0 0 0 0 0
0 −4608 −6144 4608 6144 0 0 0 0
= × 0
0 −1385 . 254 −3694 . 011 0 0 1385 .254 3694 . 011 0 0 0
0 −3694 . 011 −9850. 695 0 0 3694 . 011 9850 . 695 0 0 0
0 −2146 . 625 4293 . 251 0 0 0 0 2146 . 879 −4293 .251 0
0 4293 . 251 −8586 .501 0 0 0 0 −4293. 251 8586 . 501 0

{00 }=[ 6987 . 879

4008 . 76
4008 . 7
24581 . 196 ] {UU }
1

{ }[
U1
U2
=
6987 .879
4008. 76
4008. 7
24581. 196
0
× =
0 ]{}{}
0
0

Step – 6 Determination of Secondary Unknown

{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AD

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F3 3456 4608 −3456 −4608 U3 3456 4608 −3456 −4608 0 0
F4 −4608 −6144 U4 −4608 −6144
= 4608 6144 = 4608 6144 0 =0
F1 −3456 −4608 3456 4608 U1 −3456 −4608 3456 4608 0 0
F2 −4608 −6144 4608 6144 U2 −4608 −6144 4608 6144 0 0

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 53

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Member BD

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F5 1385 .254 3694 . 011 −1385 . 254 −3694 . 011 U5 1385 . 254 3694 .011 −1385. 254 −3694 . 011 0 0
F6 −3694 . 011 −9850. 695 U6 −3694 . 011 −9850 . 695
= 3694 . 011 9850 . 695 = 3694 . 011 9850 . 695 0 =0
F1 −1385 .254 −3694 .011 1385 . 254 3694 . 011 U 1 −1385 . 254 −3694 . 011 1385. 254 3694 . 011 0 0
F2 −3694 .011 −9850 . 695 3694 . 011 9850 . 695 U 2 −3694 . 011 −9850 .695 3694 .011 9850. 695 0 0

Member CD

{ }[ ]{ } { }
F7 2146 . 625 −4293 .251 −2146 . 625 4293 . 251 0 0
F8 −4293 .251 8586 . 501 4293 . 251 −8586 .501 0 =0
=
F1 −2146 . 625 4293 . 251 2146 . 625 −4293 .251 0 0
F2 4293 . 251 −8586 .501 −4293 .251 8586 . 501 0 0

14. Analyse the truss as shown in fig. (6) by stiffness method if the temperature is raised by
30º, take = 12x10–6/0C, E = 210 GPa, Area of cross section = 750mm2 (W17)

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 54

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

4 2
1
3

8
6
5
7

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 5 = 3

Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 55

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y

Member AB

θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1

L=3 m=3000 mm A = 750 mm2 E = 210 GPa = 210x109 N/m2 =210 kN/mm2

AE 750×210 105 kN
= = =52 . 5
L 3000 2 mm

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 52 .5 0 −52 .5
[ K ] AB =52. 5× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −52 .5 0 52 .5

Member DC

θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1

L=4 m=3000 mm A = 750 mm2 E = 210 GPa = 210x109 N/m2 =210 kN/mm2

AE 750×210 105 kN
= = =52 . 5
L 3000 2 mm

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 52. 5 0 −52. 5
[ K ] DC =52 .5× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −52 .5 0 52. 5

Member BC

θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0

L=4 m=4000 mm A = 750 mm2 E =210 kN/mm2

AE 750×210 315 kN kN
= = =39 .375
L 4000 8 mm mm

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 56

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 39 . 375 0 −39. 375 0
[ K ] BC =39 .375× 0 0 0 0= 0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −39. 375 0 39. 375 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Member AC

θ=tan −1 ( 34 )=36 . 869 0

Cx = cos (36.869)= 4/5=0.8 Cy = sinsin (36.869) =0.6

L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm A = 750 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2

AE 750×210 63 kN
= = =31. 5
L 5000 2 mm

[ ][ ]
0 .64 0 . 48 −0 . 64 −0 . 48 20 . 16 15 . 12 −20 .16 −15 .12
[ K ] AC=31. 5× 0 . 48 0 . 36 −0 . 48 −0 .36 = 15 . 12 11. 34 −15 .12 −11. 34
−0 .64 −0 . 48 0 . 64 0 . 48 −20. 16 −15 . 12 20 .16 15 .12
−0 . 48 −0 . 36 0 . 48 0 .36 −15 .12 −11. 34 15 .12 11.34

Member BD

θ=−36 . 8690 Cx = cos cos (-36.869)= 4/5=0.8 Cy = sinsin (-36.869) =-

0.6

L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm A = 750 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2

AE 750×210 63 kN
= = =31. 5
L 5000 2 mm

[ ][ ]
0 . 64 −0 . 48 −0 . 64 0 . 48 20 .16 −15 .12 −20. 16 15 . 12
[ K ] BD =31 .5× −0 . 48 0 .36 0 . 48 −0. 36 = −15 . 12 11. 34 15 . 12 −11.34
−0 . 64 0 . 48 0 . 64 −0 . 48 −20 . 16 15 .12 20 . 16 −15 . 12
0 . 48 −0 .36 −0 . 48 0. 36 15 .12 −11. 34 −15 .12 11. 34

Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 57

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ]
59 . 535 15 . 12 −39 .375 0 −20 .16 −15 .12 0 0
15 . 12 63 . 84 0 0 −15 . 12 −11. 34 0 −52 .5
−39. 375 0 59. 535 −15 . 12 0 0 −20 . 16 15 . 12
−15 .12 −52. 5 −11. 34
[ K ] G= 0 0 63 . 84 0 15 . 12
−20. 16 −15 . 12 0 0 20 .16 15 .12 0 0
−15. 12 −11. 34 0 −52 . 5 15 .12 63 .84 0 0
0 0 −20 .16 15 . 12 0 0 20 . 16 −15 . 12
0 −52 .5 15. 12 −11.34 0 0 −15. 12 63 . 84

[][]
Step – 5 Boundary Condition Step – 6 Formation of Global load Matrix

[][ ]
U1 a. Joint Load
U1
U2 F1
U2 0
U3 F2
U3 −80
U4 F3 100
= 0
F4
U5 0 = 0
U6 0 F5 0
0 F6 0
U7
0 0
U8 F7
G 0
F8 G

s
b. Temperature Load
Member AB

θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1

L=3 m=3000 mm ΔT =30 o C A = 750 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2

AE αΔT=750×210×12×10−6 ×30=56 .70 kN

{ } { } { }{ }
f5 cos θ 0 0
f sin θ =56 . 70× 1 = 56 .70
[ f ]TAB = 6 =56 .70×
f3 −cos θ 0 0
f4 −sin θ −1 −56 .70

Member DC

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 58

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1

L=3 m=3000 mm ΔT =30 o C A = 750 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2

AE αΔT=750×210×12×10−6 ×30=56 .70 kN

{} { } { }{ }
f7 cos θ 0 0
f sinθ =56 . 70× 1 = 56 .70
[ f ]TDC = 8 =56 .70×
f1 −cos θ 0 0
f2 −sin θ −1 −56 .70

Member BC

θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0

L= 4 m= 4000 mm ΔT =30o C A = 750 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2

AE αΔT=750×210×12×10−6 ×30=56 .70 kN

{ } { } { }{ }
f3 cos θ 1 56 .70
f sin θ =56 . 70× 0 = 0
[ f ]TBC = 4 =56 . 70×
f1 −cos θ −1 −56 .70
f2 −sin θ 0 0

Member AC

θ=36 .869 0 Cx = cos cos (36.869) = 0.8 Cy = sinsin (36.869) = 0.6

L=5 m=5000 mm ΔT =30 o C A = 750 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2

AE αΔT=750×210×12×10−6 ×30=56 .70 kN

{} { } { }{ }
f5 cos θ 0.8 45 .36
f sin θ =56 . 70× 0 . 6 = 34 . 02
[ f ]TAC = 6 =56 .70×
f1 −cos θ −0 . 8 −45 . 36
f2 −sin θ −0 .6 −34 . 02

Member BD

θ=−36 . 8690 Cx = cos cos (-36.869)= 4/5=0.8 Cy = sinsin (-

36.869) =-0.6

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 59

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm A = 750 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2

AE αΔT=750×210×12×10−6 ×30=56 .70 kN

{ } { } { }{ }
f3 cos θ 0 .8 45 . 36
f sin θ =56 .70× −0 .6 = −34 . 02
[ f ]TBD = 4 =56 . 70×
f7 −cos θ −0 .8 −45 .36
f8 −sinθ 0. 6 34 .02

Assemble Temperature Load

[][ ]
F1
−102. 06
F2
−90 .72
F3 102 . 06
F4
= −34 .02
F5 45 . 36
F6 90 . 72
−45 .36
F7
90 . 72
F8 G

Assembly of Global Load Matrix

[ F ]G =[ F J ]+ [ F T ]

[ ] [ ][ ][ ]
F1
−102. 06 0 −102 . 06
F2
−90 .72 −80 −170 . 72
F3 102 . 06 100 202 .06
F4 −34 .02 0 −34 . 02
= + =
F5 45 . 36 0 45 .36
F6 90 . 72 0 90 .72
−45 .36 0 −45 . 36
F7
90 . 72 0 90 .72
F8 G

Step – 5 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 60

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ][ ]
−102 . 06 59. 535 15 . 12 −39 .375 0 −20 . 16 −15 .12 0 0 U1
−170 . 72 15. 12 63 . 84 0 0 −15 . 12 −11. 34 0 −52 . 5 U2
202 . 06 −39 .375 0 59 .535 −15. 12 0 0 −20. 16 15 . 12 U3
−34 . 02 0 0 −15 .12 63. 84 0 −52 .5 15 . 12 −11.34
= × 0
45 . 36 −20 .16 −15 . 12 0 0 20 .16 15 .12 0 0 0
90 . 72 −15 .12 −11.34 0 −52. 5 15 .12 63 . 84 0 0 0
−45. 36 0 0 −20 .16 15. 12 0 0 20 . 16 −15 . 12 0
90 . 72 0 −52 . 5 15 .12 −11.34 0 0 −15 .12 63 . 84 0

{ }[ ]{ }
−102. 06 59. 535 15 . 12 −39. 375 U1
−170 .72 = 15. 12 63 . 84 0 U2
202. 06 −39. 375 0 59. 535 U3

{ }[ ]{ }{ }
−1
U 1 59 . 535 15 .12 −39 . 375 −102. 06 2 . 407
U 2 = 15 . 12 63 . 84 0 −170 .72 = −3 .244
U 3 −39 . 375 0 59 . 535 202. 06 4 . 986

Step – 6 Determination of Secondary Unknown

{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AB

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F5 0 0 0 0 U5 0 0 0 0 0 0
F6 0 52 .5 0 −52 .5 U6 0 52. 5 0 −52. 5 0 =0
= =
F3 0 0 0 0 U3 0 0 0 0 4 . 986 0
F4 0 −52 .5 0 52 .5 U4 0 −52. 5 0 52. 5 0 0

Member DC

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F7 0 0 0 0 U7 0 0 0 0 0 0
F8 0 −52 .5 U8 0 −52. 5
= 0 52 .5 = 0 52. 5 0 = 170 .31
F1 0 0 0 0 U1 0 0 0 0 2 . 407 0
F2 0 −52 .5 0 52 .5 U 2 0 −52. 5 0 52 . 5 −3 . 244 −170 .31

Member BC

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 61

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F3 39 . 375 0 −39. 375 0 U3 39 .375 0 −39 . 375 0 4 . 986 101 .548
F4 0 0 0 0 U4 0 0 0 0 0 0
= = =
F1 −39 . 375 0 39 . 375 0 U1 −39 .375 0 39 .375 0 2 . 407 −101 .548
F2 0 0 0 0 U2 0 0 0 0 −3 . 244 0

Member AC

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F5 20 .16 15 .12 −20 . 16 −15 . 12 U5 20. 16 15. 12 −20 . 16 −15 .12 0 0. 524
F6 15 .12 11.34 −15. 12 −11. 34 U6 15. 12 11.34 −15 . 12 −11. 34 0 0 .393
= = =
F1 −20 .16 −15 .12 20 . 16 15 . 12 U1 −20 .16 −15. 12 20 .16 15 .12 2. 407 −0 .524
F2 −15 . 12 −11. 34 15 . 12 11. 34 U 2 −15 .12 −11.34 15 .12 11. 34 −3. 244 −0 .393

Member AC

{ }[ ]{ } [ ]{ } { }
F 3 20 . 16 −15 . 12 −20 .16 15. 12 U 3 20 . 16 −15 . 12 −20 .16 15 .12 4 . 986 100. 518
F 4 −15. 12 11. 34 15. 12 −11.34 U 4 −15 .12 11. 34 15 .12 −11. 34 0 −75. 388
= = =
F 7 −20 . 16 15 . 12 20. 16 −15. 12 U 7 −20. 16 15 . 12 20 .16 −15 .12 0 −100. 518
F8 15 . 12 −11. 34 −15 .12 11.34 U 8 15 . 12 −11.34 −15 . 12 11.34 0 75. 388

2
1
101.548

125.65

0 170.31

0.655

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 62

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

15. Determine the nodal displacement and member

forces for the truss shown in figure. (S18)
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint
Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement
are shown in figure
Step – 2 Degree of Freedom
DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 3 – 3 = 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member CA

θ=300 C x =cos θ=cos 30= √ C y=sinθ=sin 30=

3 1
2 2
Draw a perpendicular line from BC to meet at joint A. Let point meeting at BC is D.
Considering trigonometry of two triangles, we have
LCD tan30 = LBD tan60
LCD tan30 = (8-LCD) tan60
LCD=( 8-LCD ) ×√ 3×√ 3=( 8-LCD ) ×3=24−3 LCD
4 LCD=24
LCD=6 m
LBD=8−LCD =8−6=2 m
LCD 6
L AC = = =4 √ 3 m
cos 30 √ 3
2
Second approach
ABC is a right angle triangle,
Therefore,
Opposite side AB
sin30= =
Hypotenuse 8
1
AB=8 sin 30=8× =4 m
2
Opposite side AC
sin60= =
Hypotenuse 8
√3
AC=8 cos30=8× =4 √3=6 . 928 m
2
A = 1620 mm2
E = 200 kN/mm2

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 63

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

AE 1620×200 kN
= =46765 . 3718
4 √3

[ ]
L m
3 √3 −
3
−
√3
4 4 4 4
√3 1
−
√3 −
1
[ K ] AC=46765 .3718× 4 4 4 4
−√ √3
3 3 3
−
4 4 4 4
−
√3 −
1 √3 1
4 4 4 4

[ ]
35074 . 029 20250 −35074 . 029 −20250
−20250 −11691. 343
[ K ] AC= 20250 11691. 343
−35074 . 029 −20250 35074 . 029 20250
−20250 −11691. 343 20250 11691. 343
Member BA

θ=1200 C x =cos θ=cos 120=− C y =sin θ=sin 120= √

1 3
2 2
LBA 2
LBA = = =4 m
cos 60 1
2
Second approach
ABC is a right angle triangle,
Therefore,
Opposite side AB
sin30= =
Hypotenuse 8
1
AB=8 sin 30=8× =4 m
2
A = 1620 mm2
E = 200 kN/mm2
AE 1620×200 kN
= =81000
L 4 m

[ ]
1
−
√3 −
1 √3
4 4 4 4

[ ]
−
√3 3 √ 3
−
3 20250 −35074 . 029 −20250 35074 . 029
[ K ] BA =81000× 4 4 4 4 = −35074 . 029 60750 35074 . 029 −60750
−
1 √3 1
−√
3 −20250 35074 . 029 20250 −35074 . 029
4 4 4 4 35074 . 029 −60750 −35074 .029 60750
√3 −
3
−
√3 3
4 4 4 4
Member BC

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 64

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0

L=8 m A = 1340 mm2 E = 2000 kN/mm2
AE 1340×200 kN
= =33500
L 8 m

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 33500 0 −33500 0
[ K ] CB=33500× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −33500 0 33500 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
70148 . 058 −14824 . 029 −20250 35074 . 029 −35074 . 029 −20250
−14824 .029 72441. 343 35074 . 029 −60750 −20250 −11691.343
[ K ] G= −20250 35074 . 029 53750 −35074 . 029 33500 0
35074 .029 −60750 −35074 . 029 60750 0 0
−35074 .029 −20250 33500 0 68574 .029 20250
−20250 −11691. 343 0 0 20250 11691.343

[][ ] [][]
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix Step – 6 Boundary Condition
F1 100 U1 U1
F2 −250 U2 U2
F3 0 U3 U3
F4 F4 U4
= = 0
F5 F5 U5 0
F6 F6 U6 0
F7 F7 U7 0
F8 F8 U8 0
G G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }

{ }[ ]{ }
100 70148 . 058 −14824 .029 −20250 U1
−250 = −14824 . 029 72441 .343 35074 .029 U2
0 −20250 35074 . 029 53750 U3

{ }[ ] { }
−1
U 1 70148 . 058 −14824 . 029 −20250 100
U 2 = −14824 .029 72441. 343 35074 . 029 × −250
U3 −20250 35074 . 029 53750 0

{ }[ ]{ }{ }
U1 1. 6×10−5 5 . 20×10−7 5 .69×10−6 100 1. 47×10−3
U 2 = 5 . 20×10−7 2. 01×10−5 −1 .30×10−5 × −250 = −4 . 997×10−3 m
−6
U 3 5 . 69×10 −1. 30×10−5 2 . 92×10−5 0 3 .815×10−3
Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unknown

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 65

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AB

{} [ ]{ }{ }
F1 20250 −35074 . 029 −20250 35074 . 029 1. 47×10−3 127 .779
F2 −3
= −35074 . 029 60750 35074 .029 −60750 −4 . 997×10 = −221. 319 kN
F3 −20250 35074 . 029 20250 −35074 . 029 3. 815×10−3 −127 .779
F 4 BA 35074 . 029 −60750 −35074 .029 60750 0 221. 319

√
Force in Member AB = ( 127 . 7792 + (−221 . 319 )2 ) =255 .557 kN
Member AC

{} [ ]{ }{ }
F1 35074 . 029 20250 −35074 .029 −20250 1 . 47×10−3 −49 . 63
F2 20250 11691. 343 −20250 −11691.343 −4 . 997×10−3 −28 .654
= = kN
F5 −35074 . 029 −20250 35074 . 029 20250 0 49. 63
F AC −20250 −11691. 343 20250 11691.343 0 28. 654
6

√
Force in Member AC = ( ( -4 9 . 63 )2 + (−28 . 654 )2 ) =57. 308 kN
Member CB

{ }[ ]{ }{ }
F5 33500 0 −33500 0 0 −127 . 8025
F6 0 0 0 0 0 0
= −3 = kN
F3 −33500 0 33500 0 3 . 815×10 127 .8025
F 0 0 0 0 0 0
4

√
Force in Member CB = ( ( -127 .8025 )2 + ( 0 )2 )=127 . 8025 kN

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 66

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

16. Calculate the forces in member if member BD

is longer than its theoretical length e = 2mm. (S18)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint

Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint
Displacement are shown in figure
Step – 2 Degree of Freedom
DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AB
θ=tan−1 (1000
1500 )
=33 . 69 0

Cx = cos cos 33.69 = 0.832

Cy = sinsin 33.69 = 0.555
L= √10002 +15002 =1802. 776 mm=1 . 802 m
As values of A and E is not given, assuming AE = Constant for all members
AE = Constant = 1 Unit

[ ][ ]
0 . 692 0 . 461 −0 . 692 −0 . 461 0 . 384 0. 255 −0. 384 −0 .255
[ K ] AB = AE × 0 . 461 0 . 307 −0 . 461 −0 . 307 = AE 0 . 255 0. 170 0 −0 .170
1 . 802 −0 . 692 −0 . 461 0 . 692 0 . 461 −0 . 384 −0. 255 0. 384 0 .255
−0 . 461 −0 . 307 0 . 461 0 . 307 −0. 255 −0. 170 0. 255 0 .170
Member AC
θ=tan −1 (1000
500 )
=63. 43 0

Cx = cos cos 63.43 = 0.447

Cy = sinsin 63.43 = 0.894
L= √10002 +5002 =1118. 033 mm=1. 118m
As values of A and E is not given, assuming AE = Constant for all members
AE = Constant = 1 Unit

[ ][ ]
0 .2 0 . 4 −0 . 2 −0. 4 0 .179 0 .358 −0 .179 −0 .358
[ K ] AC= AE × 0 . 4 0 . 8 −0 . 4 −0 .8 = AE 0 .358 0 .716 −0 .358 −0 .716
1 .118 −0 .2 −0 . 4 0 . 2 0 . 4 −0 .179 −0 .358 0 .179 0 .358
−0 . 4 −0 . 8 0 . 4 0 .8 −0 .358 −0 .716 0 .358 0 .716
Member AD

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 67

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

θ=tan −1 (1000
500 )
=63. 43 0

θ=180−θ 1=180−63 . 43=116 .57 0

Cx = cos cos 116.57 = -0.447
Cy = sinsin 116.57 = 0.894
L= √10002 +5002 =1118. 033 mm=1. 118m
As values of A and E is not given, assuming AE = Constant for all members
AE = Constant = 1 Unit

[ ][ ]
0 . 2 −0 . 4 −0. 2 0 . 4 0 . 179 −0 . 358 −0 . 179 0 . 358
[ K ] AD = AE × −0. 4 0. 8 0 . 4 −0 . 8 = AE −0 . 358 0 . 716 0 . 358 −0 . 716
1 . 118 −0 . 2 0 . 4 0. 2 −0 . 4 −0 . 179 0 . 358 0 . 179 −0 . 358
0. 4 −0 .8 −0 . 4 0 . 8 0 . 358 −0 . 716 −0 . 358 0 . 716

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
0 .742 0 .255 −0 .384 −0 . 255 −0 . 179 −0 . 358 −0 . 179 0 .358
0 .255 1 .602 −0 . 255 −0 . 170 −0 . 358 −0 . 716 0 . 358 −0 .716
−0 .384 −0 . 255 0 .384 0 . 255 0 0 0 0
[ K ] G= −0 .255 −0 .170 0 . 255 0 . 170 0 0 0 0
−0 .179 −0 .358 0 0 0 . 179 0 . 358 0 0
−0 .358 −0 .716 0 0 0 . 358 0 . 716 0 0
−0 .179 0 .358 0 0 0 0 0 . 179 −0 . 358
0 .358 −0 .716 0 0 0 0 −0 . 358 0 .716

[][ ] [][]
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix Step – 6 Boundary Condition
F1 100 U1 U1
F2 −250 U2 U2
F3 0 U3 U3
F4 F4 U4
= = 0
F5 F5 U5 0
F6 F6 U6 0
F7 F7 U7 0
F8 F8 U8 0
G G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }

{ }[ ]{ }
100 70148 . 058 −14824 .029 −20250 U1
−250 = −14824 . 029 72441 .343 35074 .029 U2
0 −20250 35074 . 029 53750 U3

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 68

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ }[ ] { }
−1
U 1 70148 . 058 −14824 . 029 −20250 100
U 2 = −14824 .029 72441. 343 35074 . 029 × −250
U3 −20250 35074 . 029 53750 0

{ }[ ]{ }{ }
U1 1. 6×10−5 5 . 20×10−7 5 .69×10−6 100 1. 47×10−3
U 2 = 5 . 20×10−7 2. 01×10−5 −1 .30×10−5 × −250 = −4 . 997×10−3 m
−6
U 3 5 . 69×10 −1. 30×10−5 2 . 92×10−5 0 3 .815×10−3
Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unknown
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AB

{} [ ]{ }{ }
F1 20250 −35074 . 029 −20250 35074 . 029 1. 47×10−3 127 .779
F2 −3
= −35074 . 029 60750 35074 .029 −60750 −4 . 997×10 = −221. 319 kN
F3 −20250 35074 . 029 20250 −35074 . 029 3. 815×10 −3 −127 .779
F 4 BA 35074 . 029 −60750 −35074 .029 60750 0 221. 319

√
Force in Member AB = ( 127 . 7792 + (−221 . 319 )2 ) =255 .557 kN
Member AC

{} [ ]{ }{ }
F1 35074 . 029 20250 −35074 .029 −20250 1 . 47×10−3 −49 . 63
F2 20250 11691. 343 −20250 −11691.343 −3
−4 . 997×10 = −28 .654 kN
=
F5 −35074 . 029 −20250 35074 . 029 20250 0 49. 63
F AC −20250 −11691. 343 20250 11691.343 0 28. 654
6

√
Force in Member AC = ( ( -4 9 . 63 )2 + (−28 . 654 )2 ) =57. 308 kN
Member CB

{ }[ ]{ }{ }
F5 33500 0 −33500 0 0 −127 . 8025
F6 0 0 0 0 0 0
= −3 = kN
F3 −33500 0 33500 0 3 . 815×10 127 .8025
F 0 0 0 0 0 0
4

√
Force in Member CB = ( ( -127 .8025 )2 + ( 0 )2 )=127 . 8025 kN

17. Determine the final member forces for the truss

shown in fig. 5 by stiffness method. (W18)
Consider the following.
i) Increase in temperature by 50ºC in the member.

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 69

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Take,  = 12 x 10-6 /ºC, E = 200GPA, A = 500mm2 for all members.

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom 4 2

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 3 – 3 = 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2 3 1
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
6 8
Member AB
θ=900 C x=cos θ=cos 90=0C y =sin θ=sin 90=1 5 7
AE 500×200 kN
= =33 .33
E = 200GPa =200kN/mm2, A = 500mm2 L 3000 mm
L = 3 m = 3000mm,

5 6 3 4

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 33 .33 0 −33 .33
[ K ] AB =33. 33 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −33 .33 0 33 .33
Member BC
θ=00 C x=cos θ=cos 0=1 C y =sin θ=sin 0=1
AE 500×200 kN
= =25
A = 500 mm2 E = 200 GPa = 200 kN/mm2 L 4000 mm
L = 4m = 4000mm

3 4 1 2

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 25 0 −25 0
[ K ] BC =25× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −25 0 25 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member CD
θ=900 C x=cos θ=cos 90=0C y =sin θ=sin 90=1
AE 500×200 kN
= =33 .33
2
200kN/mm , L = 3m =3000mm A = 500mm 2 L 3000 mm
E = 200GPa =

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 70

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

7 8 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 33. 33 0 −33 .33
[ K ] CD=33 . 33 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −33. 33 0 33. 33
Member AC
θ=tan−1
3
4 ()
=36 . 87 0
Cx = cos cos(36.87) = 0.8 Cy = sinsin(36.87)
= 0.6
AE 500×200 kN
= =20
A = 500 mm2 E = 200 GPa = 200 kN/mm2 L 5000 mm
L = 5m = 5000mm

5 6 1 2

[ ][ ]
0. 64 0 . 48 −0 . 64 −0 . 48 12 . 8 9 . 6 −12 .8 −9 . 6
[ K ] AC=20× 0. 48 0 . 36 −0 . 48 −0 .36 = 9 . 6 7 . 2 −9 . 6 −7 . 2
−0. 64 −0 . 48 0 . 64 0. 48 −12 . 8 −9 . 6 12 .8 9 .6
−0. 48 −0 . 36 0 . 48 0 .36 −9 . 6 −7 . 2 9 . 6 7.2

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
37 . 8 9.6 −25 0 −12 . 8 −9 . 6 0 0
9. 6 40 . 53 0 0 −9 . 6 −7 . 2 0 −33 . 33
−25 0 25 0 0 33 .33 0 0
−33 . 33
[ K ] G= 0 0 0 33. 33 0 0 0
−12. 8 −9 . 6 0 0 12 . 8 9.6 0 0
−9. 6 −7 . 2 33 .33 −33. 33 9 . 6 40 .53 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −33 . 33 0 0 0 0 0 33 . 33
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix
a. Temperature Load
We Know,
PL
ΔL=α TL=
AE
P=α TAE=12×10−6 ×50×500×200=60 kN (Compressive Nature)
Force 60kN will induced in all members due to temperature change
Member AB Member BC Member CD Member AC

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 71

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ }{ } { }{ } { }{ } { }{ }
F5 0 F3 −60 F7 0 F5 −48
F6 −60 F4 0 F8 −60 F6 −36
= = = =
F3 0 F1 60 F1 0 F1 48
F4 60 F2 0 F2 60 F2 36

{ } { } { } { } { } { }{ }{ }
a. Joint Load b. Temperature load Global Load = Joint Load + Temp. Load
F1 F1 F1
50 60 50 60 110
F2 F2 F2
−100 0 −100 0 −100
F3 0 F3 −60 F3 0 −60 −60
F4 F4 F4
= 0 = 60 = 0 + 60 = 60
F5 0 F5 −48 F5 0 −48 −48
F6 0 F6 −96 F6 0 −96 −96
0 0 0 0 0
F7 F7 F7
0 −60 0 −60 −60
F8 G F8 G F8 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[ ] { }[ ]{ }{ }
−1
U 1 37 . 8 9. 6 −25 50 0. 095 −0. 022 0 . 095 110 7
U 2 = 9. 6 40 . 53 0 × −100 = −0 .022 0 . 03 −0 . 022 × −100 = −4 . 125 mm
U 3 −25 0 25 0 0. 095 −0. 022 0 . 135 −60 4.6
S
tep – 8 Determination of Primary Unknown
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AB

{} [ ]{ } { }
F5 0 0 0 0 0 0
F6 0 −33 .33 0 = 0
= 0 33. 33
F3 0 0 0 0 4.6 0
F 4 AB 0 −33 .33 0 33 .33 0 0
Force in Member AB = 0 kN
Member BC

{} [ ]{ } { }
F3 25 0 −25 0 4.6 −60
F4
= 0 0 0 0 0 = 0
F1 −25 0 25 0 7 60
F 0 0 0 0 −4 . 125 0
2 BC

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 72

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Force in Member BC = 60 kN
Member CD

7 8 1 2

{} [ ]{ } { }
F7 0 0 0 0 0 0
F8 0 33 . 33 0 −33. 33 0 137 . 49 kN
= =
F1 0 0 0 0 7 0
F2 CD
0 −33 . 33 0 33. 33 −4 . 125 −137 . 49

√
Force in Member CD = ( ( 137 . 49 )2 + ( 0 )2 ) =137 . 49 kN
Member AC

{} [ ]{ } { }
F5 12 . 8 9 . 6 −12 . 8 −9 . 6 0 −50
F6 9.6 7.2 −9 . 6 −7 . 2 0 −37 . 5
= = kN
F1 −12 . 8 −9 . 6 12 .8 9 .6 7 50
F AC −9 . 6 −7 . 2
2
9.6 7 . 2 −4 .125 37 . 5

√
Force in Member AC = ( ( 50 )2 + ( 37 .5 )2 ) =62. 5 kN
60

0
137.49

62.5

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 73

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

18. Determine the final member forces for the truss shown
in fig. 6 by stiffness method. (W18)
A = 200mm2, E = 8000KN/mm2.
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint
Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are
shown in figure
Step – 2 Degree of Freedom
DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y 4
3
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y 2
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y 6 5 1
Member AD
θ=tan −1 ( 34 )=36 . 87 0

Cx = cos cos 36.87 = 0.8

Cy = sinsin 36.87 = 0.6 8
7
AE 200×8000
= =320 kN /mm
2
√ 2
L= 3 +4 =5 m=5000 mm A = 200mm2, E = 8000KN/mm2. L 5000
,
7 8 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 .64 0 . 48 −0. 64 −0 . 48 204 . 8 153 .6 −204. 8 −153 . 6
[ K ] AD =320× 0 . 48 0 . 36 −0. 48 −0 . 36 = 153. 6 115. 2 −153. 6 −115. 2
−0 .64 −0 . 48 0. 64 0 . 48 −204 . 8 −153 . 6 204 . 8 153 . 6
−0 . 48 −0 . 36 0. 48 0 . 36 −153 .6 −115.2 153 .6 115. 2 Member
BD
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0 L = 4 m

=4000mm
AE 200×8000
= =400 kN /mm
L=4 m=4000 mm A = 200mm2, E = 8000KN/mm2. L 4000
,

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 74

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

5 6 1 2

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 400 0 −400 0
[ K ] BD =400× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −400 0 400 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member CD
θ2 =−tan−1 ( 34 )=−36 . 87 0

Cx=cos(-cos(-36.87) = 0.8 Cy = sinsin (-36.87) = - 0.6

AE 200×8000
= =320 kN /mm
√ 2 2
L= 3 +4 =5 m=5000 mm A = 200mm2, E = 8000KN/mm2. L 5000
,

3 4 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 . 64 −0 . 48 −0 . 64 0 . 48 204 . 8 −153. 6 −204. 8 153 .6
[ K ] CD=320× −0 . 48 0 .36 0 . 48 −0. 36 = −153 . 6 115 .2 153. 6 −115 .2
−0 . 64 0 . 48 0 . 64 −0. 48 −204 . 8 153 . 6 204 .8 −153 .6
0 . 48 −0 .36 −0 . 48 0. 36 153 . 6 −115. 2 −153. 6 115. 2

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
809. 6 0 −204 . 8 153 . 6 −400 0 −204 . 8 −153 .6
0 230 . 4 153 .6 −115. 2 0 0 −153 .6 −115 .2
−204 . 8 153 .6 204 . 8 −153 . 6 0 0 0 0
−115.2 −153 . 6
[ K ] G= 153. 6 115. 2 0 0 0 0
−400 0 0 0 400 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
−204 . 8 −153 . 6 0 0 0 0 204 .8 153 .6
−153 .6 −115.2 0 0 0 0 153 . 6 115. 2

{ } { }{ }
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix
F1
50 cos ( 60 ) 25
F2
−50 sin (60 ) −25 √ 3
F3 0 0
F4 0 0
= =
F5 0 0
F6 0 0
0 0
F7
0 0
F8 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary

Unknown

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 75

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[ ]{ } [ ] {−25 }
√3 −0 . 188 }
{
−1 −1
U 1 809 . 6 0 25 1. 235 0 25 0 . 031
= =10−3 × =
U2 0 230 . 4 −25 √3 0 4 . 340
Step – 8 Determination of Primary Unknown
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member AD

{} [ ]{ } { }
F7 204 . 8 153 .6 −204 . 8 −153 . 6 0 22 .528
F8 153. 6 115. 2 −153 . 6 −115 . 2 0 16 . 896
= =
F1 −204 . 8 −153 . 6 204 . 8 153 . 6 0 .031 −22 .528
F AD −153 .6
2
−115.2 153 .6 115 . 2 −0. 188 −16 .896

√
Force in Member AD = ( ( 22 .528 )2 + ( 16 . 896 )2 ) =28 . 16 kN
Member BD

{} [ ]{ } { }
F5 400 0 −400 0 0 −12. 4
F6 0 0 0 0 0 0
= =
F1 −400 0 400 0 0 . 031 12 . 4
F 2 BD 0 0 0 0 −0 . 188 0

√
Force in Member BD = ( ( 12 . 4 )2 + ( 0 )2 ) =12 . 4 kN

{} [ ]{ }{ }
F3 204 .8 −153 . 6 −204 . 8 153 . 6 0 −35 .226
F4
= −153 .6 115. 2 153 .6 −115. 2 × 0 = 26 . 419
F1 −204 . 8 153 .6 204 . 8 −153 . 6 0 . 031 35. 226
F2 153. 6 −115 .2 −153 . 6 115. 2 −0 . 188 −26 . 419
CD

√
Force in Member CD = ( ( -35. 226 )2 + ( 26 . 419 )2 ) =44 . 03 kN
Step 8 :- Representation of Result

44.03kN

12.4kN

28.16kN

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 76

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

19. Calculate forces in member, if truss shown in figure (5) by stiffness method. Take area of
cross section of member as 1000mm2 and modulus of elasticity E = 200 kN/mm2. Also find out
the support reaction (S19)
(Insert Figure)
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure 4 8
6
Step – 2 Degree of Freedom
DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix 5 7

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m= 2 1
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AO
θOA =60+90=1500 C = cos cos 150 = - 0.866 Cy = sinsin 150 = 0.5
x

2. 5
L AO = =5 m=5000 mm
sin 30 A = 1000 mm2, E = 200KN/mm2
,
AE 1000×200
= =40 kN /mm
L 5000
1 2 3 4

[ ][ ]
0. 75 −0. 43 −0 .75 0 . 43 30 −17 .32 −30 17 .32
[ K ] AO =40× −0 . 43 0 .25 0 . 43 −0. 25 = −17 . 32 10 17 . 32 −10
−0. 75 0. 43 0 . 75 −0 . 43 −30 17 .32 30 −17 . 32
0 . 43 −0 .25 −0 .43 0. 25 17 . 32 −10 −17 .32 10
Member BO
θOB =45+90=1350 C = cos cos 135 = -0.707 Cy = sinsin 135 = 0.707
x

2 .5
LBO = =3. 5355 m=3535 .5 mm
sin 45 A = 1000 mm2, E = 200KN/mm2
AE 1000×200
= =56 .57 kN /mm
L 3535 . 5
1 2 5 6

[ ][ ]
0 . 5 −0 . 5 −0 . 5 0 .5 28 . 28 −28 . 28 −28 .28 28. 28
[ K ] OB =56 .57× −0 . 5 0 . 5 0 .5 −0 .5 = −28 . 28 28 .28 28 .28 −28 .28
−0 . 5 0 . 5 0 .5 −0 .5 −28 . 28 28 .28 28 .28 −28 .28
0 . 5 −0 . 5 −0 . 5 0 .5 28 . 28 −28 . 28 −28 .28 28. 28
Member CO

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 77

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

θOC =60 0 Cx=cos(cos(60) = 0.5 Cy = sinsin (60) = 0.866

2 .5
LCO= =2 . 88675 m=2886 .75 mm
sin60 A = 1000 mm2, E = 200KN/mm2
AE 1000×200
= =69 .282 N /mm
L 2886 . 75
1 2 7 8

[ ][ ]
0 . 25 0 . 43 −0 .25 −0 . 43 14 . 82 25 . 49 −14 . 82 −25 . 49
[ K ] OC =69. 282× 0 . 43 0. 75 −0. 43 −0 . 75 = 25. 49 44 . 46 −25 . 49 −44 . 46
−0 . 25 −0 . 43 0 .25 0 . 43 −14 . 82 −25 . 49 14 . 82 25 . 49
−0 . 43 −0. 75 0. 43 0 . 75 −25 . 49 −44 . 46 25 . 49 44 . 46
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
Reduced global stiffness Matrix

[
[ K ] G= 73 . 1 −20. 11
−20. 11 82 .74 ]

{}{}
Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix
F1
40
F2
0
F3 0
F4
= 0
F5 0
F6 0
0
F7
0
F8 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[
U 1 73 . 11 −20 . 11 −1 40 0 .586
=
U 2 −20 . 11 82 .74 0
=
]{ }{ }
0. 143
Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unknown
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member OA

{} [ ]{ } { }
F1 30 −17 . 32 −30 17 . 32 0 . 586 15. 103
F2
= −17 .32 10 17 .32 −10 0. 143 = −8 .719
F3 −30 17 . 32 30 −17 .32 0 −15. 103
F 4 OA 17. 32 −10 −17 . 32 10 0 8. 719

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 78

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

√
Force in Member OA = ( ( 15 .103 )2 + ( 8 . 719 )2 ) =17 . 439 kN
Member OB

[ ]{ } { }
28 .28 −28 .28 −28 .28 28 . 28 0. 586 12. 528
[ K ] OB = −28 . 28 28 .28 28. 28 −28. 28 0. 143 −12. 528
=
−28 . 28 28 .28 28. 28 −28. 28 0 −12. 528
28 .28 −28 .28 −28 .28 28 . 28 0 12. 528
√
Force in Member OB = ( ( 12 .528 )2 + ( 12. 528 )2 )=17 . 717 kN
Member OC

{} [ ]{ } { }
F1 14 .82 25. 49 −14 . 82 −25. 49 0 . 586 12. 329
F2 25 . 49 44 . 46 −25 . 49 −44 . 46 0. 143 = 21. 295
=
F7 −14 .82 −25 . 49 14 . 82 25 . 49 0 −12. 329
F −25 . 49 −44 . 46 25 . 49 44 . 46 0 −21. 295
8 OC

√
Force in Member CD = ( ( 12 .329 )2 + ( 21. 295 )2 )=24 .606 kN

20. Assemble global stiffness matrix and load matrix for the plane. Truss shown in figure (6) if
member meeting at joint B are subjected to temperature rise of 600C. Assume E = 210
kN/mm2,  = 12 x 10-6 /ºC, C/S area of all members 600mm2 . (S19)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom 4 55

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 3 = 5
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix
3 6

2 8

1 7

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 79

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y

Member AB
θ=900 C x=cos θ=cos 90=0C y =sin θ=sin 90=1

1 2 3 4

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 25. 2 0 −25 .2
[ K ] AB =25. 2 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −25 .2 0 25. 2
Member BC
θ=00 C x=cos θ=cos 0=1 C y =sin θ=sin 0=1
AE 600×210 kN
= =25 .2
E = 210 kN/mm2, A = 600mm2 L 5000 mm
L = 5 m = 5000mm,

1 2 7 8

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 25 . 2 0 −25. 2 0
[ K ] BC =25 .2× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −25. 2 0 25 . 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member AD
θ=00 C x=cos θ=cos 0=1 C y =sin θ=sin 0=1
AE 600×210 kN
= =25 .2
E = 210 kN/mm2, A = 600mm2 L 5000 mm
L = 5 m = 5000mm,

3 4 6 5

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 80

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 25 . 2 0 −25. 2 0
[ K ] AD =25 .2× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −25. 2 0 25 . 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member BD
5
5 ()
θ=tan −1 =450
Cx = cos cos(45) = 0.707 Cy = sinsin(45) = 0.707
2
A = 600 mm E = 210 kN/mm2
L = 7.07106m = 7071.06mm
AE 600×210 kN
= =17 . 819
L 7071 . 06 mm

1 2 6 5

[ ][ ]
0 .5 0.5 −0.5 −0.5 8 .91 8. 91 −8.91 −8.91
[ K ] BD =17 .819× 0 .5 0.5 −0.5 −0.5 = 8 .91 8. 91 −8.91 −8.91
−0.5 −0.5 0.5 0 .5 −8 .91 −8.91 8.91 8 . 91
−0.5 −0.5 0.5 0 .5 −8 .91 −8.91 8.91 8 . 91
Member CA
θ=90+ tan−1 ( 55 )=135 0

Cx = cos cos(135) = -0.707 Cy = sinsin(135) = 0.707

A = 600 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2
L = 7.07106m = 7071.06mm
AE 600×210 kN
= =17 . 819
L 7071 . 06 mm

7 8 3 4

[ ][ ]
0 .5 −0 .5 −0.5 0. 5 8 .91 −8 . 91 −8.91 8.91
[ K ] CA=17 . 819× −0 . 5 0 .5 0 .5 −0. 5 = −8. 91 8 .91 8 .91 −8. 91
−0 . 5 0 .5 0 .5 −0. 5 −8. 91 8 .91 8 .91 −8. 91
0 .5 −0 .5 −0.5 0. 5 8 .91 −8 . 91 −8.91 8.91

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
34 .11 8. 91 0 0 −8 .91 −8 . 91 −25 .2 0
8. 91 34 .11 0 −25. 2 −8 .91 −8 . 91 0 0
0 0 34 . 11 −34 . 11 0 −25 .2 −8 .91 8.91
−25. 2 −34 .11 8 . 91 −8 .91
[ K ] G= 0 34 .11 0 0
−8.91 −8. 91 0 0 8 . 91 8. 91 0 0
−8.91 −8. 91 −25 . 2 0 8 . 91 34 . 11 0 0
−25 .2 0 −8. 91 8. 91 0 0 34 .11 8.91
0 0 8 .91 −8. 91 0 0 8 . 91 8.91

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 81

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

Temperature Load
Member AB
We Know,
PL
ΔL=α TL=
AE
P=α TAE=12×10−6 ×60×600×210=90 .72 kN
Force 90.72kN will induced in all members due to temperature change
Member AB Member BC Member AD Member BD Member CA

{ }{ }{ }{ }{ }{ }{ }{ }{ }{ }
F1 0 F1 −90 .72 F3 0 F1 64 .15 F7 −64 .15
F2 F F F F8
= −90 .72 2 = 0 4 = −90 . 72 2 = 64 .15 = −64 .15
F3 0 F7 90 . 72 F6 0 F6 −64 .15 F3 64 .15
F 90 . 72 F 0 F 90 .72 F −64 .15 F 64 .15
4 8 5 5 4

{ } { } { } { } { } { }{ } { }
a. Joint Load b. Temperature load Global Load = Joint Load + Temp. Load
F1 F1 F1
0 −26 .57 0 −26 . 57 −26 . 57
F2 F2 F2
0 −26 .57 0 −26 . 57 −26 . 57
F3 100 F3 64 .15 F3 100 64 . 15 164 . 15
F4 F4 F4
= 80 = 64 .15 = 80 + 64 . 15 = 144 . 15
F5 0 F5 26 .57 F5 0 26 .57 26 . 57
F6 0 F6 −64 . 15 F6 0 −64 . 15 −64 .15
0 26 .57 0 26 .57 26 . 57
F7 F7 F7
0 −64 .15 0 −64 . 15 −64 . 15
F8 G F8 G F8 G

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 82

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

21. Find member forces for the plane truss shown in figure: 5. Member BC is too long by 3
mm. Use stiffness method. C/S area of all members is 600mm2. Assume E = 200 GPa. (W19)

Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement

Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

1
2

48
6
A C

5 3

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 3 – 3 = 3
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 83

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

Member CB
∠ ACB=tan −1 ( 34 )=36 . 87 0
θ=180−36 . 870 =143 . 130 Cx = cos cos 126.87 = -
4/5 = - 0.8
Cy = sinsin 126.87 = 3/5 = 0.6 L= √32 +4 2=5 m=5000 mm A = 600 mm2
AE 600×200 kN
= =24
2 L 5000 mm
E = 200 kN/mm

[ ][ ]
0 . 64 −0 . 48 −0 . 64 0. 48 15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 11. 52
[ K ] CB=24× −0. 48 0 .36 0 . 48 −.036 = −11.52 8 . 64 11.52 −8 .64
−0. 64 0 . 48 0 . 64 −0. 48 −15 . 36 11. 52 15. 36 −11.52
0 . 48 −0 .36 −0 . 48 0 .36 11. 52 −8 . 64 −11. 52 8 .64
Member AC
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=4 m=4000 mm
AE 600×200 kN
= =30
2
600 mm E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 4000 mm
A=

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 30 0 −30 0
[ K ] AC=30× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −30 0 30 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member AB
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1
L=4 m=4000 mm
AE 600×200 kN
= =40
2
A = 600 mm E = 200 kN/mm 2 L 3000 mm

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 −1 0 40 0 −40
[ K ] AB =40× =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −40 0 40
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix Step – 5 Boundary Condition

[ ]{ } { }
15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 11.52 0 0 U1 U1
−11. 52 48 . 64 11.52 −8 . 64 0 −40 U2 U2
−15 . 36 11. 52 45 .36 −11.52 −30 0 U3
= U3
[ K ] G=
11. 52 −8. 64 −11.52 8 . 64 0 0 U4 0
0 0 −30 0 30 0 U5 0
0 −40 0 0 0 40 U6 G
0

Step – 6 Formation of Global load Matrix

b) Load due to lack of fit
Member BC is too long by 3mm. Hence, member must have the compression force as
following equation

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 84

72
Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

AE ΔL 600×200×3
F BD = = =72 kN
L 5000
Force at Node as shown in figure

{ }{ }{ }
F1 −72×cos 53 .13 −43 .2
F2 72×sin53 . 13
= = 57 . 6 kN
F3 72×cos 53 .13 43 . 2
F4 −72×sin 53. 13 −57 . 6

Assembling the load due to lack of fit

{}{ }
F1
−43 .2
F2 57 . 6
F3 43 . 2
=
F4 −57. 6
F5 0
0
F6 Δ

d) Joint Load e) Load due to lack of fit f) Total Load Vector

{ } { } { } { } { } { }{ } { }
F1 F1 F1
0 −43 .2 0 −43 . 2 −43. 2
F2 −60 F2 57 . 6 F2 −60 57 .6 −2 . 4
F3 100 F3 43 . 2 F3 100 43. 2 143 .2
= = = + =
F4 0 F4 −57. 6 F4 0 −57 .6 −57 . 6
F5 0 F5 0 F5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
F6 G F6 Δ F6 G

Step – 7 Determination of Primary Unknown or Nodal Displacement

{ F }=[ K ] {U }
{ U }=[ K ]−1 { F }

{ }[ ] { }{ }
−1
U 1 15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 −43 .2 −0 . 13
U 2 = −11. 52 48 . 64 11.52 −2 . 4 = −0 . 87
U3 −15. 36 11. 52 45 .36 143 . 2 3 .33
Step – 8 Determination of Secondary Unkn own or Member forces
{ F }m=[ K ] m {U }m
Member CB Member AC

{} [ ]{ } { } { } [ ]{ } { }
F3 15 . 36 −11. 52 −15 .36 11.52 3 . 33 43 .12 F5 30 0 −30 0 0 −100
F4 F6
= −11.52 8 . 64 11.52 −8 .64 0 = −32 .34 = 0 0 0 0 0 = 0
F1 −15 . 36 11. 52 15. 36 −11.52 −0. 13 −43. 12 F3 −30 0 30 0 3 .33 100
F2 CB
11. 52 −8 . 64 −11. 52 8 .64 −0 . 87 32 .34 F4 AC
0 0 0 0 0 0

Member AB

{} [ ]{ }{ }
F5 0 0 0 0 0 0
F6 0 −40 × 0
=0 40 = 34 .8
F1 0 0 0 0 −0 .13 0
F2 0 −40 0 40 −0 . 87 −34 . 8
AB

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 85

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

32.34 – 34.8
43.12 + 0
B

53.9kN C
34.8kN
0 + 34.8
43.12 + 100
-100 + 0
A 100kN
32.34 + 0

22. Assemble the global stiffness matrix and load matrix for the plane Truss shown in fig : 6 if
members meeting at joint B are subjected to temperature rise of 60ºC. Assume E = 210
kN/mm2, Cross Sectional area of members AB = BC = CD = 710mm 2 and AC = BD = 550mm2
(W19)

.
Step – 1 Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement
Numbering of Nodes, Members and Joint Displacement are shown in figure

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 86

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

1 4
2

C 3
B

668
8
A D

7 5

Step – 2 Degree of Freedom

DOF = 2j – R = 2 x 4 – 3 = 5
Step – 3 Formation of Member Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
2 2
cx cxcy −c x −c x c y
cx c y c 2y −c x c y −c 2y
[ K ] m=
−c 2x −c x c y c 2x cx c y
−c x c y −c 2y cx c y c 2y
Member AB
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1 L=5 m=5000 mm
AE 710×200 kN
= =28 . 4
710 mm E = 210 kN/mm 2 2 L 5000 mm
A=

7 8 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 28 . 4 0 −28. 4
[ K ] AB =28. 4× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −28. 4 0 28 . 4
Member BC
θ=00 Cx = cos cos 0 = 1 Cy = sinsin 0 = 0
L=5 m=5000 mm
AE 710×200 kN
= =28 . 4
710 mm E = 210 kN/mm 2 2 L 5000 mm
A=

1 2 3 4

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 87

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ][ ]
1 0 −1 0 28 . 4 0 −28. 4 0
[ K ] BC =28 . 4× 0 0 0 0
=
0 0 0 0
−1 0 1 0 −28. 4 0 28 . 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Member DC
θ=900 Cx = cos cos 90 = 0 Cy = sinsin 90 = 1 L=5 m=5000 mm
AE 710×200 kN
= =28 . 4
710 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2 L 5000 mm
A=

5 6 3 4

[ ][ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 28 . 4 0 −28 . 4
[ K ] CD=28 . 4× 0 1 =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1 0 −28 . 4 0 28 . 4
Member AC
1 1
C x =cos θ=cos 45= C y =sin θ=sin 45=
θ=45 0
√2 √2
L= √52 +52 =5 √2m=5000 √ 2mm
AE 550×210 kN
= =16 .33
550 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2 L 5000 √ 2 mm
A=

7 8 3 4

[ ][ ]
0 . 5 0 .5 −0 .5 −0 .5 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17
0 . 5 0 .5 −0 .5 −0 .5 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17
[ K ] AC=16. 33× =
−0 . 5 −0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17
−0 . 5 −0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17
Member DB
−1 1
C x =cosθ=cos135= C y =sin θ=sin135=
θ=135 0
√2 √2
L= √52 +52 =5 √2m=5000 √ 2mm
AE 550×210 kN
= =16 .33
550 mm2 E = 210 kN/mm2 L 5000 √ 2 mm
A=

5 6 1 2

[ ][ ]
0 .5 −0 .5 −0. 5 0 . 5 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17
−0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −0. 5 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17
[ K ] DB =16 . 33× =
−0 .5 0 .5 0. 5 −0. 5 −8 .17 8 .17 8 .17 −8 .17
0 .5 −0 .5 −0. 5 0 . 5 8 .17 −8 .17 −8 .17 8 .17

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 88

Assistant Professor (9730759133)
 Question Bank of Unit 3 (Structural Analysis – II)

[ ]
Step – 4 Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
36 . 57 −8 .17 −28 . 4 0 −8 . 17 8. 17 0 0
−8 .17 36 . 57 0 0 8 . 17 −8. 17 0 −28 . 4
−28. 4 0 36 .57 8 .17 0 0 −8 .17 −8 . 17
−28 . 4 −8 .17 −8 . 17
[ K ] G= 0 0 8 . 17 36 . 57 0
−8 .17 8. 17 0 0 8 . 17 −8. 17 0 0
8 .17 −8 .17 0 −28. 4 −8 . 17 36 . 57 0 0
0 0 −8 . 17 −8 .17 0 0 8 .17 8 . 17
0 −28 . 4 −8 . 17 −8 .17 0 0 8 .17 36 .57

Step – 5 Formation of Global load Matrix

c. Load due to Increase in Temperature
Members meeting at B are raised temperature of 600C
Hence, member must have the compression force as following equation

AE αΔ TL
F BA = =AE αΔT =710×210×12×10−6 ×60=107 .352 kN
L
AE αΔTL
F BC = = AE αΔT =710×210×12×10−6 ×60=107 . 352 kN
L
AE αΔ TL
F BD = =AE αΔT =550×210×12×10−6 ×60=83 .16 kN
L
Force at Node as shown in figure
Member AB Member BC Member DB

{ }{ } { }{ } { }{ }{ }
F7 0 F1 −107 . 352 F5 83 . 16 cos 45 58. 80
F8 −107 . 352 kN F2 0 F6 −83 .16 sin 45 −58. 80 kN
= = kN = =
F1 0 F3 107 . 352 F1 −83 .16 cos 45 −58. 80
F2 107 . 352 F4 0 F2 83 . 16 sin 45 58. 80

Assembly of d. Joint Load Final Load Matrix

{ } { } { } { } { } { }{ }{ }
Temperature Load
F1 F1 F1
−58. 80 0 0 −58 . 80 −58 . 80
F2 F2 F2
166 . 152 0 0 166 .152 166 . 152
F3 107 . 352 F3 80 F3 80 107 .352 187 . 352
F4 F4 F4
= 0 = −100 = −100 + 0 = −100
F5 58 . 80 F5 0 F5 0 58 .80 58 . 80
F6 −58. 80 F6 0 F6 0 −58 . 80 −58 . 80
0 0 0 0 0
F7 F7 F7
−107 . 352 0 0 −107 .352 −107 . 352
F8 Temp
F8 Jo int F8 G

Mr. R. Shambharkar Page 89

Assistant Professor (9730759133)