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Chemistry: The Central Science, 14e (Brown, et al.)
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements

7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical
properties?
A) O, S, Se
B) N, O, F
C) Na, Mg, K
D) S, Se, Si
E) Ne, Na, Mg
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.1
LO: 7.1
GO: G2

2) In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical
properties?
A) P, Se, I
B) Cl, Br, Na
C) Si, As, Te
D) Ne, Na, Mg
E) Br, I, At
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.1
LO: 7.1
GO: G2

3) Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger
________ in Ar.
A) nuclear charge
B) paramagnetism
C) diamagnetism
D) Hund's rule
E) azimuthal quantum number
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.2
LO: 7.1, 7.2
GO: G2

1
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) Screening of the nuclear charge by core electrons in atoms is ________.
A) less efficient than that by valence electrons
B) more efficient than that by valence electrons
C) essentially identical to that by valence electrons
D) responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group
E) both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a general decrease in
atomic radius going down a group
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.2
LO: 7.1, 7.2
GO: G2

5) The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by ________.

A) inner electrons
B) outer electrons
C) nuclear charge
D) electron distribution
E) orbital radial probability
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.2
LO: 7.1, 7.2
GO: G2

6) The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because
________.
A) effective nuclear charge increases down a group
B) effective nuclear charge decreases down a group
C) effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group
D) the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases
E) both effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of
the valence orbitals increases
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

7) Atomic radius generally increases as we move ________.

A) down a group and from right to left across a period
B) up a group and from left to right across a period
C) down a group and from left to right across a period
D) up a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group; the period position has no effect
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

2
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
8) Atomic radius generally decreases as we move ________.
A) down a group and from right to left across a period
B) up a group and from left to right across a period
C) down a group and from left to right across a period
D) up a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group; the period position has no effect
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

9) Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar?
A) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar
B) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
C) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
D) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
E) Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

10) Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Ca, K, As, Ge and Kr?
A) Ca > K > As > Ge > Kr
B) Kr > Ge > As > K > Ca
C) Ge > As > Kr > K > Ca
D) K > Ca > Ge > As > Kr
E) Kr > As > Ge > Ca > K
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

11) Which compound has the smallest ionic separation?

A) NaCl
B) NaBr
C) NaI
D) NaF
E) KF
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

3
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
12) Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?
A) B5-, Si4-, As3-, Te2-
B) F-, Cl-, Br-, I-
C) S, Cl, Ar, K
D) Si2-, P2-, S2-, Cl2-
E) O2-, F-, Ne, Na+
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

13) Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?

A) K+ < Ca2+ < Ar < Cl-
B) < Ar < K+ < Ca2+
C) Ca2+ < Ar < K+ < Cl-
D) Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < Cl-
E) Ca2+ < K+ < Cl- < Ar
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

14) Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?
A) Cl > S > Al > Ar > Si
B) Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al
C) Al > Si > S > Cl > Ar
D) Cl > S > Al > Si > Ar
E) S > Si > Cl > Al > Ar
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

15) Rank the following in terms of decreasing first ionization energies?

A) Ne > O > N > Be > B
B) Ne > N > O > B > Be
C) Ne > O > N > B > Be
D) Ne > N > O > Be > B
E) B > Be > O > N > Ne
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

4
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
16) ________ have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed.
A) Alkali metals
B) Transition elements
C) Halogens
D) Alkaline earth metals
E) Noble gases
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

17) Which of the following correctly represents the third ionization of gallium?
A) Ga (g) → Ga+ (g) + e-
B) Ga+ (g) → Ga2+ (g) + e-
C) Ga2- (g) + e- → Ga3- (g)
D) Ga2+ (g) → Ga3+ (g) + e-
E) Ga+ (g) + e- → Ga2+ (g)
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

18) Which of the following correctly represents the third ionization of aluminum?
A) Al2+ (g) + e- → Al+ (g)
B) Al (g) → Al+ (g) + e-
C) Al2- (g) + e- → Al3- (g)
D) Al2+ (g) + e- → Al3+ (g)
E) Al2+ (g) → Al3+ (g) + e-
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

19) Which of the following correctly represents the first ionization of oxygen?
A) O (g) → O+ (g) + e-
B) O+ (g) + e- → O2+ (g)
C) O (g) + e- → O- (g)
D) O- (g) + e- → O2- (g)
E) O+ (g) + e- → O (g)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

5
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
20) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of calcium?
A) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e-
B) Ca (g) → Ca- (g) + e-
C) Ca (g) + e- → Ca- (g)
D) Ca- (g) → Ca (g) + e-
E) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca (g)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

21) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of calcium?
A) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e-
B) Ca+ (g) → Ca2+ (g) + e-
C) Ca- (g) + e- → Ca2- (g)
D) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca2+ (g)
E) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca (g)
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

22) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of copper?
A) Cu (g) → Cu+ (g) + e-
B) Cu+ (g) → Cu2+ (g) + e-
C) Cu- (g) + e- → Cu2- (g)
D) Cu+ (g) + e- → Cu2+ (g)
E) Cu+ (g) + e- → Cu (g)
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

23) Which ion below has the largest radius?

A) Cl-
B) K+
C) Br-
D) F-
E) Na+
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

6
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
24) Which of the following species has the smallest ionic radius?
A) Al3+
B) Na+
C) Mg2+
D) S2-
E) Cl-
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.3
LO: 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
GO: G2

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow:

(i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

25) The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy
is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

26) The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest first ionization energy is
________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

7
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
27) The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

28) The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have the least negative electron
affinity is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

29) Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) S
B) Cl
C) Se
D) Br
E) I
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

30) Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) P
B) Al
C) Si
D) Cl
E) B
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

8
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
31) Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) O
B) K
C) B
D) Na
E) S
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

32) Sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than is chlorine. This is because ________.
A) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
B) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
C) chlorine is bigger than sodium
D) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
E) chlorine is more metallic than sodium
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.4
LO: 7.2, 7.5
GO: G2

33) Which equation correctly represents the electron affinity of calcium?

A) Ca (g) + e- → Ca- (g)
B) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e-
C) Ca (g) → Ca- (g) + e-
D) Ca- (g) → Ca (g) + e-
E) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca (g)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

34) Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of bromine?
A) Br (g) → Br+ (g) + e-
B) Br (g) + e- → Br- (g)
C) Br2 (g) + e- → Br- (g)
D) Br2 (g) + 2e- → 2Br- (g)
E) Br+ (g) + e- → Br (g)
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

9
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
35) Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of phosphorus?
A) P (g) → P+ (g) + e-
B) P (g) + e- → P- (g)
C) P4 (g) + e- → P- (g)
D) P4 (g) + 4e- → 4P- (g)
E) P+ (g) + e- → P (g)
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

36) In the generation of most anions, the energy change (kJ/mol) that ________ an electron is
________.
A) removes, positive
B) adds, positive
C) removes, negative
D) adds, negative
E) None of the above is correct.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.5
LO: 7.2
GO: G2

37) Of the elements below, ________ is the most metallic.

A) sodium
B) barium
C) magnesium
D) calcium
E) cesium
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

38) The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is ________.
A) B > N > C
B) F > Cl > S
C) Si > P > S
D) P > S > Se
E) Na > K > Rb
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

10
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
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39) Which of the following has the most metallic character?
A) Al
B) Ca
C) Mg
D) Sr
E) Si
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

40) Of the elements below, ________ has the highest melting point.
A) Ca
B) K
C) Fe
D) Na
E) Ba
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

41) Of the following metals, ________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.

A) Al
B) Rb
C) Mg
D) Ni
E) Cs
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

42) Which of the listed oxides is the most acidic?

A) SO3
B) Na2O
C) K2O
D) Al2O3
E) MgO
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

11
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
43) Reacting CO2 with water results in a(n) ________ solution.
A) ionic
B) neutral
C) basic
D) acidic
E) CO2 does not react with water
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

44) The element in the periodic table that looks like a metal, is a poor thermal conductor, and
acts as an electrical semiconductor is ________.
A) Sn
B) B
C) As
D) Si
E) Ge
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

45) Which of the following metals differ in the number of d-electrons?

A) Fe and Cu
B) Mg and Fe
C) Na and Rh
D) Cs and Ca
E) Ca and Na
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

46) Which of the following oxides do not produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?
A) SO3
B) P2O5
C) CO2
D) Al2O3
E) Cl2O
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

12
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
47) Nonmetals can be ________ at room temperature.
A) solid, liquid, or gas
B) solid or liquid
C) solid only
D) liquid only
E) liquid or gas
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

48) Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?

A) acidic oxides
B) low ionization energies
C) malleability
D) ductility
E) These are all characteristics of metals.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

49) When two elements combine to form a compound, the ________ the difference in metallic
character between the two elements, the ________ the likelihood that the compound will be a
________ at room temperature.
A) smaller, greater, solid
B) greater, greater, liquid
C) greater, greater, solid
D) smaller, greater, liquid
E) greater, smaller, solid
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

50) Alkaline earth metals ________.

A) have the smallest atomic radius in a given period
B) form monoanions
C) form basic oxides
D) exist as triatomic molecules
E) form halides with the formula MX
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

13
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
51) The difference in metallic character is the smallest between ________.
A) Li and O
B) Rb and F
C) Na and I
D) Rb and Cl
E) Na and Mg
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

52) The oxide of which element can react with water to give a basic solution?
A) sulfur
B) calcium
C) phosphorus
D) nitrogen
E) carbon
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6
LO: 7.7
GO: G2

53) Consider the general valence electron configuration of ns2np5 and the following statements:

(i) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to form -1 anions.
(ii) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to have large positive electron
affinities.
(iii) Elements with this electron configuration are nonmetals.
(iv) Elements with this electron configuration form acidic oxides.

Which statements are true?

A) (i) and (ii)
B) (i), (ii), and (iii)
C) (ii) and (iii)
D) (i), (iii,) and (iv)
E) All statements are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.6, 7.7
LO: 7.7, 7.8
GO: G2

14
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
54) Which group in the periodic table has the lowest first ionization energy?
A) VIA
B) IA
C) IIIA
D) IIA
E) VIIA
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.7
LO: 7.8
GO: G2

55) Which of the following elements is the most reactive in water?

A) Na
B) Rb
C) Cs
D) Li
E) K
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.7
LO: 7.8
GO: G2

56) Which one of the following is not true about the alkali metals?
A) They are low density solids at room temperature.
B) They all readily form ions with a +1 charge.
C) They all have 2 electrons in their valence shells.
D) They are very reactive elements.
E) They have the lowest first ionization energies of the elements.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 7.7
LO: 7.8
GO: G2

15
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
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