10/19/2024

Disaster recovery?
• Disaster = natural, technological (hazardous
materials & waste), terrorism
• Who are we during disaster recovery?
EAB5403 – Recovery manager, society leader, survivor, volunteer,
Disaster Recovery and
MKN, OCPD, politician??
• Typical damage after disaster:
Contingency Plan a) Infrastructure & lifelines
(Pemulihan Lepas Bencana Dan Rancangan b) Housing
Kontingensi) c) Economy
d) Environment
Prepared By:
e) Education
Nazmi Mat Nawi, PhD

Housing Infrastructure & lifelines

• Can be counted under loss estimation • Disaster may damage levee system; thus cause
• Sustained total damage = temporary havoc on fishing communities, effect power
shelter/trailer/stay with relatives section, cell/telephone, water, roads, bridge,
• Issue – rent goes up due to limited houses sewer lifelines etc.
available • Public transport may be affected
• Issue – social/ health/ crime
• Recovery may take years with permanent
change on landscape.

Economy Environment
• Disaster may cause jobs – employee of • Flood may cause excessive spills to residential or
affected industries/business industrial areas.
• Spill may carry oil, flammable chemicals, paint,
• Also causes loss of the workers/specialist/skills
pesticides, electrical waste, asbestos, abandoned
(death)
chemical container, contaminated appliances,
• Downgrade services of hospital, dental, extensive mold growth.
schools – lost their records of • After disaster – water, air, sediment, soil and
patients/client/staff wastewater need to be checked for habitability,
• Damaged medical equipment. potability and toxicity level.
• Both government (fresh market) & private • Residents should practice ‘reuse & recycle’
(shopping mall, factory, mine etc)

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Education Natural events

• Teaching & learning quality may be affected – low • Occur when there is a misfit between built environment, natural system in
a given area, when people inhabit such areas.
score after disaster/ trauma/ poverty/ malnutrition
• Should we prepare for a specific type of event?
• Damage to building/facilities – laboratory, class • All-hazard approach? Procedure which fit most of disaster type, if not all.
room, sport facilities etc • Why? Bcz similarity between all disaster:
i. Coordinating recovery efforts
• Quality of water and air may be affected
ii. Housing the for displaced victims
• Loss of resources – books, lab equipment, record iii. Cleaning up the debris
iv. Shoring up the economy
v. Restoring environmental resources
vi. Dealing with long-term psychological consequences

What are common disasters in Malaysia?

• Flood = flash flood & river flood.

• Flood happens due to:
• sudden thunderstorm (high intensity/long
period) which overrun storm-water drainage
system
• Hurricane dumps amazing amount of rainfall
& push ashore storm surge
• Dam spill & break

Problems cause by flood Problems cause by earthquake (EQ)

• EQ happens when pressure builds up in rocks
• Removal of damaged items such as appliances
under the surface of the earth.
and furniture.
• Rock shifts occur along a fracture, called a fault
• Building sustain additional problem – sheetrock,
line, resulting in ground that shakes and can
carpeting, doors, stairways, porches swell with
cause considerable damage.
water & caused mold
• EQ is measured by gauging the magnitude,
• Electrical, water and wastewater systems may be
ground motion and duration.
destroyed or polluted.
• The worst EQ = Chile, 1960, at 9.5 Ritcher scale,
• Uninhabitable for those with respiratory
claimed 1655 lives.
problems
• Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004, at 9.1 Ritcher scale,
• Damage bridges and roads
killed 300,000 worldwide.

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Terrorism Hazardous materials and wastes (HMW)

• Terrorism – domestic & international • HMW refers to a waste with properties that make it
• Domestic – threats come within boarder from our own citizenry. dangerous or potentially harmful to human health and
• International – normally target military @ political figures environment.
• Effect of terrorism can be particularly chilling & long lasting, as they • It can be in liquids, solids, contained gases or sludge.
represent deliberate, unexpected attack on unsuspected, innocent • HMW resulting from chemical explosion, transportation
people.
• Sept 11 attack = 3000 dead, 6408 injured.
spills, toxic waste sites, or household paint, gasoline, and
• Effort to identify DNA may last for years.
other common items strewn by tornados, floods and other
• Identifying the dead occurs for legal and societal reasons, including the
hazards.
effort to reduce the ‘mental anguish” of the survivors and as an • HMW requires potential expensive and time-consuming
international human right. recovery problem.
• Body identification and retrieval of human remains is time consuming
and costly, requiring expertise, training and resources. • Care must be taken to ensure that involved households,
institutions, organizations, and industries are in compliance
with handling HMW in order to reduce the potential impact
on the physical and human environment.

Producers of HMW Key terms and concept of disaster recovery

• Hazard – near miss – incident – disaster – crisis -
• Nuclear plant catastrophe
• Oil refineries • Disaster – incident that have human impact that disrupt
community functioning, where local resources may become
• Chemical manufacturer overwhelmed, requiring assistance from federal
• Local nursery government.
• Dry-cleaning store • Disaster may involve massive evacuations and permanent
• Problem may happen at any phase of production, relocations of homes and business.
storage, transportation, use or disposal. • Due to disaster, community function to halt at least
temporarily, and in some cases, for months and years.
• Recovery from HMW may take a very long time.
• Disaster disrupt social function of comm = people become
• Multi-generation effects of spills on environmental displaced, school & business closed, hospitals bring in
resources, animal and plants, human population additional personnel and activate special emergency plan.
remain unknown. • Power, water, transportations may be compromised.

Terms
• Purpose of recovery is to return the society to
• Reconstruction = concerned with replacing the damaged
normalcy. But, will a return to what was building
normal reduce future risks? • Restoration = imply returning to similar condition,
including culturally, socially, and historically meaningful
• Lately, people promote rebuild back, stronger architecture.
than ever. • Rehabilitation = suggest some types of improvement is
required to original structure
• But, will the economic reality mean that • Restitution = implication that people have a legal right to
stronger is not affordable? claim for damage
• Recovery = putting a disaster-stricken community back
• Recovery = rebuilding, reconstruction, together.
restoration, rehabilitation, restitution?? • Recovery = continuous efforts until all systems return to
normal or better.

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Short-term recovery (STR) Long-term recovery (LTR)

• To return vital support systems to minimum
operating standards. • A recovery that continues for a number of years after a disaster.
• STR include a transition between responses • Purpose is to return life to normal or improved levels.
activities to recovery efforts. • LTR activities include debris management, environmental and
• Response focus on saving lives, including search historical preservation, housing, business, critical infrastructure,
and rescue: providing food, shelter, clothing; and lifelines, psychological recovery, and public sector.
moving into activities that expedite the transition • LTR provide opportunity to foster improvements in the built
to long-term recovery. environment in order to reduce the impact of future disasters
• Key transitional activities usually center on (mitigation).
managing donations and volunteers, conducting • Effective mitigation effort would reduce recovery needs and
damage assessments, securing temporary save money, lives and properties.
housing, restoring lifelines and clearing debris. • The result of connecting mitigation to recovery is a more
disaster-resilient community.

Thank You
Contact :
Dr. Nazmi Mat Nawi
03-8946 4331
[email protected]