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Chapter 4 Functions CPP

C++

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7 views4 pages

Chapter 4 Functions CPP

C++

Uploaded by

haile yilma (ETHIOSC)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4: Function and Passing Arguments to Function

4.1 Definition of Function

A function is a block of code designed to perform a specific task. Functions improve modularity and code re

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void greet() {

cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;

int main() {

greet();

return 0;

4.2 Declaration of Function

A function declaration tells the compiler about the function's name, return type, and parameters.

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int add(int, int); // Declaration

int main() {

cout << "Sum: " << add(5, 3) << endl;

return 0;
}

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

4.3 Passing Value of a Function by Value

In pass-by-value, the actual value is passed. Changes inside the function do not affect the original variable

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void modify(int x) {

x = x + 10;

int main() {

int a = 5;

modify(a);

cout << "Value after modify: " << a << endl; // Output: 5

return 0;

4.4 Passing Value of a Function by Reference

In pass-by-reference, the address of the variable is passed, allowing modifications to the original value.

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


void modify(int &x) {

x = x + 10;

int main() {

int a = 5;

modify(a);

cout << "Value after modify: " << a << endl; // Output: 15

return 0;

Additional Example 1: Function Returning a Value

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int multiply(int a, int b) {

return a * b;

int main() {

cout << "Product: " << multiply(4, 5) << endl; // Output: 20

return 0;

Additional Example 2: Using Default Arguments

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int add(int a, int b = 10) { // b has a default value

return a + b;

}
int main() {

cout << add(5) << endl; // Output: 15

cout << add(5, 20) << endl; // Output: 25

return 0;

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