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Physics assignment 1

1. Point is located in a polar coordinate system by the coordinates r = 52.5 m and 𝜃=5.35°. .Find this
point's x - and y – coordinates, assuming that the two coordinate systems have the same origin.
Ans:
r = 52.5 m, Θ = 5.35°
X = 52.5Cos5.35° = 52.27
Y = 52.Sin5.35 = 4.9
(x,y) = (52.27,4.9)

2. Two points are given in polar coordinates by (r, 𝜃) = (2.00 m, 50.0°) and (r, 𝜃) = (5.00 m, -50.0°),
respectively. What is the distance between them?
Ans
x 1=¿¿2cos 50 = 1.29m
x 2=¿¿5cos( -50 )= 3.2m
y 1=¿¿2sin 50= 1.5m
y 2=¿¿ 5sin(- 50)= 3.8m
√
Distance between the points = (3.2−1.29)2 +(3.8−1.5)2
= 5.63m

3 .A person travels by car from one city to another with different constant speeds between pairs of cities.
She drives for 30.0 min at 80.0 km/h, 12.0 min at 100 km/h, and 45.0 min at 40.0 km/h and spends 15.0
min eating lunch and buying gas.
(a)Determine the average speed for the trip.

Ans
Distance = Speed x Time
Total Distance =(0.5x 80)+(0.2x100)+(0.75x40)
= 90 km
Total time = 0.5+0.2+0.75+0.25
=1.7 hr
Average Speed = Distance/Time
= 90/1.7
=52.94 km/hr.

(b) Determine the distance between the initial and final cities along the route.
Ans:
Distance = speed x time
Distance 1=80.0 km/h × (30.0 min / 60) = 40.0 km
Distance 2 =100 km/h × (12.0 min / 60) = 20.0 km
Distance 3 =40.0 km/h × (45.0 min / 60) = 30.0 km
Total distance = 40.0 km + 20.0 km + 30.0 km = 90.0 km

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4. Speed = Distance/ Time

a. 10/2-= 5 m/s.

b. 5/4 = 1.25 m/s.

c. 5-10/4-2 = -2.5 m/s.

d. -6-5/7-4 = -3.67m/s.

0/8 = 0 m/s.

5. . A jet plane lands at a speed of 100 m/s and can accelerate at a maximum rate of 25.00 m/s2 as it
comes to rest.
(a)From the instant the plane touches the runway, what is the minimum time needed before it can come
to rest?
Ans:
u = 100m/s , a = -25m/s/s

a. v = u + at

0 = 100-25t

25t = 100

t = 4s.

b. v 2 = u2+2as

0 = 1002-50s

50s = 1002/50

s = 200m.

The plane takes 200m to rest and can safely land on the 800m tropical island airport.

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6a. . A ball is thrown vertically upward at 25.0 m/s.

(a) How high does it rise?
Ans:
2 2
v = u +2as
0 = 252-2(9.81)s

s= 252/2(9.81)

s = 31.86 m

(b) How long does it take to reach its highest point?

Ans:
V= u + at
T = (v - u) / a
= (0 - 25.0) / (-9.80)
= 2.55 s
(c) How long does the ball take to hit the ground after it reaches its highest point?
Ans:
c. v = 25m/s , u = 0

v = u + at

25 = 9.81t

t = 25/9.81

= 2.55s

Therefore 2.55+2.55=5.10
d. From highest point u = 0m/s

v = 9.81(2.55)

v =25m /s

7a. Displacement =√ 22+ 32

= 3.61 km

Direction = tan−1 3 /¿ ¿2

= 56.31°

b. velocity = displacement/time

= 3.61/2.5

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= 1.44 m/s

c. Average speed = total distance / total time taken

= 5/2.5

= 2 km/hr

8.
(a) What are the coordinates of the initial position of the stone?
(x, y) = (0, 50.0 m)

(b) What are the components of the initial velocity?

Vox = 18.0 m/s, Voy= 0m/s

(c) Write the equations for the x - and y - components of the velocity of the stone with time.
vx =18.0 m/s, vy = -(9.80 m/s2 )t
(d) Write the equations for the position of the stone with time, using the coordinates in Figure 2.
x =(18.0 m/s)t, y= -(4.90 m/s2 )t2+ 50.0 m
(e) How long after being released does the stone strike the beach below the cliff?
t=√(100/9.8)= 3.19s
(f) With what speed and angle of impact does the stone land?
Speed = 36.1 m/s, Angle = 60.1 degrees

9. A freight train has a mass of 1.5 ×107 kg. If the locomotive can exert a constant pull of
7.5×105N, how long does it take to increase the speed of the train from rest to 80 km/h?
Ans:
80km/h=22.2m/s
a=f/m = (7.5x105)/1.5x107 =0.05ms-2
using v= u +at
t= 22.22/0.05
therefore time = 444s

10 .After falling from rest from a height of 30.0 m, a 0.500-kg ball rebounds upward, reaching a
height of 20.0 m. If the contact between ball and ground lasted 2.00 ms, what average force was
exerted on the ball.
Ans:
v = √(2gh)
initial velocity =v = √(2 × 9.8 × 30.0)
v = 24.25 m/s
final velocity=v' = √(2 × 9.8 × 20.0)
v' = 19.62 m/s

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change in velocity Δv = v' - v

= 19.62 - (-24.25)
= 43.87 m/s
using F × Δt = m × Δv

F = (m × Δv) / Δt
= (0.500 × 43.87) / 0.002
= 10,968 N

10.What is the resultant force exerted by the two cables supporting the traffic light in Figure 3?
and What is the weight of the light?
Ans:
F= 60sin(45)+60sin(45)
Resultant force = 84.9N
Weight is also= 84.9N

11. Two packing crates of masses 10.0 kg and 5.00 kg are connected by a light string that passes over a
frictionless pulley as in Figure 4. The 5.00-kg crate lies on a smooth incline of angle 40.0°. Find
(a) The acceleration of the 5.00-kg crate
Ans:
T-mg1=-ma1 T-mgsin(40)=ma2
-mg1+mgsin(40)= -ma1-ma2
-10(9.8)+5(9.8)sin40= a(-10-5)
-66,5=a(-15)
a=-66.5/-15
a=4.43ms-2

(a) The tension in the string.

Ans:
T-mg1=-ma
T=-ma1+mg1
T=-(10)(4.43)+(10)(9.8)
T= 53,7N
12. A 65.0 kg runner has a speed of 5.20 m/s at one instant during a long - distance event. (a)
What is the runner’s kinetic energy at this instant?

Ans:
Kinetic energy
KE = (1/2) × m × v²
KE = (1/2) × 65.0 × (5.20)²
= (1/2) × 65.0 × 27.04
= 878 J
(b) How much network is required to double his speed?

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Ans:
New speed = 2 × initial speed
= 2 × 5.20
= 10.4 m/s
Work = Change in KE
= KE_final - KE_initial
KE_final = (1/2) × m × v_final²
= (1/2) × 65.0 × (10.4)²
= 3512 J
Work = KE_final - KE_initial
= 3512 - 878
= 2634 J

13. A 0.60 - kg particle has a speed of 2.0 m/s at point A and a kinetic energy of 7.5 J at point B.
What is
(a) its kinetic energy at A?
Ans:
KE_A = (1/2) × 0.60 × (2.0)²
= (1/2) × 0.60 × 4.0
= 1.2 J
(b) Its speed at point B?
Ans:
v_B² = 7.5 × 2 / 0.60
= 25
v_B = √25
= 5.0 m/s
(c) The total work done on the particle as it moves from A to B?
Ans:
Work = Change in KE
= KE_B - KE_A
= 7.5 - 1.2
= 6.3 J
14. A 0.20 kg stone is held 1.3 m above the top edge of a water well and then dropped into it.
The well has a depth of 5.0 m. Taking y = 0 at the top edge of the well, what is the gravitational
potential energy of the stone–Earth system
(a) before the stone is released
GPE=mgh
H=1.3+5 GPE=0,20x9.80x6.3

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=12.4J
(b) when it reaches the bottom of the well.
GPE=0.2x9.8x(-5)
= -9.8J
(d) What is the change in gravitational potential energy of the system from release to reaching
the bottom of the well?
Ans:
-9.8-12.4= -22.2J
1
15. E k= m v 2
2
1
= (0.875)0.622
2
=0.168J

Power = work done / time taken

= 0.168J/(21x10−3 )

=8W

16a. Momentum = ( 1.67 x 10−27 )( 5 x 106 )

= 8.35 x 10−21 kgm/s

b. Momentum = ( 15 x 10−3 )( 300)

= 4.5 kgm/s

c. Momentum = 75 x 10

= 750 kgm/s

d. Momentum = ( 5.98 x 1024 )( 2.98 x 104 )

= 1.78 x 1028

17a.Impusle = area under the graph

1
= (2 x 3) +( x 2 x 2)
2
= 8 kgm/s

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b. Impulse = mv

8 = 1.5V

V = 8/1.5

= 5.3 m/s

c. Impulse = mv-mu

8= 1.5(v-22)

8 = 1.5v-33

v = 41/1.5

v = 27.3 m/s

mv−mu
18. F =
t
3(10 cos 30+10 cos 30)
=
0.2
= 260 N

19a. Let V be the recoil speed of the rifle

(30/9.81)V = (5x10−3 )(300)

V = (5x10−3 )(300)/ (30/9.81)

V = 0.49 m/s

b. Total mass of man and rifle = (700/9.81)+ (30/9.81)

=74.46 kg

74.46V = (5x10−3 )(300)

V= 0.02 m/s

20. 5= v 1 cos 37 + v 2 cos 53 x Sin 53

0= v 1 sin 37- v 2 sin 53 x cos 53

5 Sin 53= v 1 cos 37 + v 2 cos 53 sin 53

0= v 1 sin 37- v 2 sin 53 x cos 53

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5 Sin 53= 2 v 2 cos 53 sin 53

v 2=¿ 5 Sin 53/2 cos 53 sin 53

v 2=3.21 m/s

v 1= 4.15sin 53/sin 37

= 3.71 m/s

21a. F = Gm 1 m2/r 2
24 22 −11
(7.5 x 10 )(2.7 x 10 )(6.6 x 10 )
=
(2.8 X 10−8 )❑2
= 1.72 x 1020 N

b. F = ma

1.72 x 1020 = 2.7 x 10 22a

a = 1.72 x 1020 /2.7 x 10 22

a = 6.3 x 10−2m/s

c. a =1.72 x 1020 N/7 .5 x 1024

= 2 .29 x 10−5 m/s/s

22a. V =
√ G mE
rE
???

=7.9 km/s

b. t = 2 π
√ r3
G mE

=1.25 hr

−11 24
6.67 .5 x 10 X 5.972 x 10 X 600
c. F = 7
1.27 x 10

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= 589N

23. A man opens a 1.00-m wide door by pushing on it with a force of 50.0 N
directed perpendicular to its surface. What magnitude of torque does he apply
about an axis through the hinges if the force is applied (a) at the centre of the
door?
r = 1.00 m / 2 = 0.500 m
τ = 0.500 m x 50.0 N = 25.0 N m
(b) At the edge farthest from the hinges?
r = 1.00 m
τ = 1.00 m x 50.0 N = 50.0 N m

25. A 10.0- kg cylinder rolls without slipping on a rough surface. At an instant

when its centre of gravity has a speed of 10.0 m/s, determine
(a) the translational kinetic energy of its centre of gravity
K_trans = (1/2) × m × v^2
K_trans = (1/2) × 10.0 kg × (10.0 m/s)^2 = 500 J
=500J
(b) the rotational kinetic energy about its centre of gravity
K_rot = (1/2) × I × ω^2 ω=v/r I = (1/2) × m × R^2
K_rot = (1/2) × (1/2) × m × R^2 × (v / R)^2
= (1/4) × m × v^2
= (1/4) × 10.0 kg × (10.0 m/s)^2
= 250 J
(c) its total kinetic energy.
K_total = K_trans + K_rot
= 500 J + 250 J
= 750J

26. A disk of mass m is spinning freely at 6.00 rad/s when a second identical disk,
initially not spinning, is dropped onto it so that their axes coincide. In a short time
the two disks are corotating.
(a) What is the angular speed of the new system?
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L1 = I1 × ω1
L2 = (I1 + I2) × ω2
Since the disks are identical, I1 = I2
I1 × ω1 = (I1 + I2) × ω2
ω2 = ω1 / 2
= 6.00 rad/s / 2
= 3.00 rad/s

(b) If a third such disk is dropped on the first two, find the final angular speed of the system.
(I1 + I2) × ω2 = (I1 + I2 + I3) × ω3

ω3 = ω2 / (1 + I3 / (I1 + I2))
= 3.00 rad/s / (1 + 1 / 2)
= 2.00 rad/s

27. A 7.50 - nC charge is located 1.80 m from a 4.20 – nC charge. (a) Find the
magnitude of the electrostatic force that one particle?
F = k × (q1 × q2) / r^2
k = 8.987 × 10^9 N m^2 C^-2
q1 = 7.50 × 10^-9 C
q2 = 4.20 × 10^-9 C
r = 1.80 m
F = (8.987 × 10^9 N m^2 C^-2) × (7.50 × 10^-9 C × 4.20 × 10^-9 C) / (1.80 m)^2
= 8.987 × 10^9 N m^2 C^-2 × 3.15 × 10^-17 C^2 / 3.24 m^2
= 8.67 × 10^-8 N

28. Four point charges are at the corners of a square of side a as shown in Figure
8. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant electric force on q,
with ke, q, and a left in symbolic form.
4.33keq2/a2
45 degrees above the x axis

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29. A uniform electric field of magnitude 375 N/C pointing in the positive x -
direction acts on an electron, which is initially at rest. After the electron has
moved 3.20 cm, what is (a) the work done by the field on the electron,
W=F×d
F=q×E
q is the charge of the electron (-1.6 × 10^-19 C), and E is the electric field strength (375 N/C).
F = -1.6 × 10^-19 C × 375 N/C = -6.00 × 10^-17 N
work done:
W = -6.00 × 10^-17 N × 3.20 × 10^-2 m =
-1.92 × 10^-18 J

(b) the change in potential energy associated with the electron

ΔU = q × ΔV
ΔV = E × d
ΔV = 375 N/C × 3.20 × 10^-2 m = 12.0 V
ΔU = -1.6 × 10^-19 C × 12.0 V =
-1.92 × 10^-18 J

(c) the velocity of the electron?

v = √(2 × ΔU / m)
K = ΔU = -1.92 × 10^-18 J
Now, velocity:
v = √(2 × -1.92 × 10^-18 J / 9.11 × 10^-31 kg) = 2.02 × 10^3 m/s

2.00 m to a speed of 1.5 ×105 m/s.

30. A constant electric field accelerates a proton from rest through a distance of

(a) Find the change in the proton’s kinetic energy.

K = (1/2) × m × v^2
K = (1/2) × 1.67 × 10^-27 kg × (1.5 × 10^5 m/s)^2 = 1.88 × 10^-17 J
the change in kinetic energy is:

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ΔK = K - 0 = 1.88 × 10^-17 J

(b) Find the change in the system’s electric potential energy.

ΔU = q × ΔV = q × E × d = 1.6 × 10^-19 C × 4.69 × 10^4 N/C × 2.00 m = 1.88 × 10^-17 J
1.88 × 10^-17 J
(c) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field.
v^2 = v0^2 + 2 × a × d
a = v^2 / (2 × d)
a=q×E/m
to find the electric field strength:
E=m×a/q
E = 1.67 × 10^-27 kg × (1.5 × 10^5 m/s)^2 / (2 × 2.00 m × 1.6 × 10^-19 C) =
4.69 × 10^4 N/C

31. Given a 2.50-μF capacitor, a 6.25-μF capacitor, and a 6.00-V battery, find the
charge on each capacitor if you connect them
(a) in series across the battery
Q1 = C1 × V = 2.50 μF × 6.00 V = 15.0 μC
Q2 = C2 × V = 6.25 μF × 6.00 V = 37.5 μC
(b) in parallel across the battery.
Q1 = C1 × V = 2.50 μF × 6.00 V = 15.0 μC
Q2 = C2 × V = 6.25 μF × 6.00 V = 37.5 μC

32. Find
(a) the equivalent capacitance of the capacitors in Figure 9
C =1/8µF+1/8µF+1/1.5µF
1.09X10-5F = 0.11µF
(b) the charge on each capacitor,
Q=CV Q- is the same for all capacitors

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=1.09X10-5F x9
9.81x10-5C
(c) the potential difference across each capacitor.
V=Q/C
V1= 9.81x10-5C/1/8µF = 54.5V
V2= 9.81x10-5C/1/8µF =54.5V
V3= 9.81x10-5C/1/1.5µF =65.4V

33. A parallel-plate capacitor has capacitance 3.00 μF.

(a) how much energy is stored in the capacitor if it is connected to a 6.00-V battery?
U = (1/2) × C × V^2
where C is the capacitance (3.00 μF) and V is the voltage (6.00 V).
U = (1/2) × 3.00 μF × (6.00 V)^2 = 54.0 μJ
(b) If the battery is disconnected and the distance between the charged plates doubled, what is the
energy stored?
C_new = C_old / 2 = 3.00 μF / 2 = 1.50 μF
The energy stored in the capacitor is:
U_new = (1/2) × C_new × V^2 = (1/2) × 1.50 μF × (6.00 V)^2 = 27.0 μJ
(c). How much energy is stored? (Answer each part in micro joules.
When the battery is reattached, the voltage across the capacitor returns to 6.00 V. The energy stored in
the capacitor is:
U_final = (1/2) × C_new × V^2 = (1/2) × 1.50 μF × (6.00 V)^2 = 27.0 μJ

34. Each plate of a 5.00 mF capacitor stores 60.0 μC of charge.

(a) Find the potential difference across the plates.
Q=C×V
V=Q/C
V = 60.0 μC / 5.00 mF = 12.0 V
(b) How much energy is stored in the capacitor?

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U = (1/2) × C × V^2
Plugging in the values, we get:
U = (1/2) × 5.00 mF × (12.0 V)^2 = 360 μJ

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