IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

ANALYSIS OF TWO HINGE INDETERMINATE ARCH USING

COMPUTATIONAL TOOL

Ajay Rudakiya1, Maulik Sankhavara2, Payal Mehta3

1
Student, Institute of Technology, Nirma University
2
Student, Institute of Technology, Nirma University
3
Assistant Professor, Institute of Technology, Nirma University

Synopsis
Arch is a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening which can be used as an alternative of beams because of their
specific shape related advantages which turns to an economical structure for a larger span. Apart from said advantage it becomes
essential for very long span structures like bridges.

The analysis method of the arch is based on its type and structural indeterminacy of the structure. The three hinge semicircular
and parabolic arches can be solved using the standard practice of analysis. Due to redundancy of the two hinge arch a
computational tool i.e. computer C language program is made for solving two hinge arch with 15 point loads.

This paper is an attempt to showcase the analysis criteria used in program for two hinged arch with point load which can be very
useful in solving curved large span indeterminate structure.

Keywords: Two hinge arch, Indeterminate structures, C language program

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1. INTRODUCTION Bending moment is high so Bending moment is less

it leads to costly structure compare to beam so it is
Arches is used in bridge construction and doorways. In past in terms of material economic structure in
day, arch structure is constructed using stone and brick. In requirement. terms of material
modern era, arch structure is constructed using reinforced requirement.
concrete and steel. It is curved in shape. In this type of
structure, horizontal forces at both supports are produce only
under vertical load, which is called trust. As two hinge arch
2. CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHES
is statically indeterminate structure,it cannot be solved using Based on shape
equilibrium conditions. Castigliano’s theorem of least work 1. Steel arches
is the analytical method to find the redundant reaction at 2. R.C.C arches
support for two hinged arch 3. Masonry arches

BEAM & ARCH Based on structural behavior

BEAM ARCHE [1]. Two hinged arches
[2]. Fixed arches
[3]. Three hinged arches
It transfers the load to end It transfers the load to end
support by bending & shear support by axial
3. ANALYSIS OF TWO HINGED ARCHES
action. compression & partly by
bending &shear action
A two hinged arch is statically indeterminate to single
The material in most of the Due to equal distribution degree, since there are four reaction components to be
portion is under stress of stress, the section is determined while the number of equations available from
&section is under-utilized. fully utilized. static equilibrium is only three. Considering H to be the
redundant reaction, it can be found out by only by the use of
Castigliano’s theorem of least work.
In beam, its bending In arches, its bending
moment is high. moment is low compare to Thus, assuming the horizontal span remaining unchanged,
beam. we have,
𝜕𝑈
Bending Bending Moment=W*x- = 0,
𝜕𝐻
Moment=W*x H*y Where U is the total strain energy stored in the arch. Here
also, the strain energy stored due to thrust and shear will be
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Volume: 04 Special Issue: 13 | ICISE-2015 | Dec-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 144
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

considered negligible in comparison to that due to bending. 30 10 30

µ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 8𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 120 − 4𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥

𝑀²𝑑𝑠
U= 0 0 10
2𝐸𝐼
𝜕𝑈 2𝑀 𝜕𝑀 𝑀 𝜕𝑀
= . . 𝑑𝑠 = . 𝑑𝑠 10 8𝑥²(30−𝑥) 30 4𝑥(30−𝑥)²
𝜕𝐻 2𝐸𝐼 𝜕𝐻 𝐸𝐼 𝜕𝐻
𝜕𝑀
= 0
+ 10
45 45
Now, M = µ - Hy ; = −𝑦
𝜕𝐻
𝜕𝑈 (µ − 𝐻𝑦)(−𝑦) 30 44000
=0= 𝑑𝑠 0
µ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 =
9
𝜕𝐻 𝐸𝐼 30 30
𝑦²𝑑𝑠 µ 𝑦𝑑𝑠 𝑥²(30 − 𝑥)²𝑑𝑥
H = 𝑦²𝑑𝑥 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
µ𝑦𝑑𝑠 45²
𝐸𝐼 0 0
H= 𝑦 ²𝑑𝑠 1 30
𝐸𝐼 = 900𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
45² 0
Taking dx = ds cosθ so, ds = dx secθ
From that we get, 30
µ.𝑦𝑑𝑥 0
𝑦²𝑑𝑥 = 400
H= 44000
𝑦²𝑑𝑥 So, H =
9∗400
H = 12.22 kN
4. NUMERICAL Now, Resultant reaction Ra = 8² + 12.22² = 14.61 kN
8
A parabolic Arch hinged at the ends has a span 30 m and tan 𝜃𝑎 = = 0.655
12.22
rise 5m. A concentrated load of 12 kN acts at 10m from the θa = 33.21°
left hinge. The second moment of area varies as the secant
Rb = 4² + 12.22² = 12.85 kN
of the slope of the rib axis. Calculate the horizontal thrust 4
and the reactions at the hinges. Also calculate the maximum θb = tan−1
12.22
bending moment anywhere on the arch. Maximum BM will occur in AC, just below the load
Rise of arch at that point

𝑥(30−𝑥) 10(30−10)
Y= = = 40/9m
45 45

Mmax = 8*10 - 12.22*40/9 = 25.49 kNm

5. SUMMARY
Thrust of the arch is inversely proportional to the rise of the
arch.In order to calculate the bending moment in any cross
section of the arch, the bending moment at the same section
of the reference beam should be decreased by the value
H*yk. Therefore, the bending moment in the arch less than
that of in the reference beam. This is the reason why the
arch is more economical than simply supported beam,
especially for large-span structures. Two hinged arch is an
From the equation of static equilibrium, indeterminate structure, so C-program is made to solve this
ΣM@A = 0, type of structure. Support reactions can be determined by
Vb*30 = 12*10 using this computational tool.
Vb = 4 KN
Now, Va + Vb = 12 kN REFERENCES
So Va = 8 kN [1]. Hibbeler R. C., “Structural Analysis”, Pearson, sixth
Equation of parabola, edition
4ℎ𝑥(𝐿−𝑥)
Y=
𝐿²
[2]. Walter J. Austin, Timothy J. Ross, “Elastic Buckling of
Y=
4∗5∗𝑥(30−𝑥) Arches under SymmetricalLoading”,Journal of the
30² Structural Division, Vol. 102, No. 5, May 1976, pp.
𝑥(30−𝑥)
Y= 1085-1095
45
Now, horizontal thrust can be found out from the equation [3]. Devdas Menon, “Structural Analysis”, Narosa
µ.𝑦𝑑𝑥 Publishing House
H=
𝑦²𝑑𝑥
µ = 8x, for AC portion
µ = 8x – 12(x-10), for CB portion
µ = (120 - 4x)

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Volume: 04 Special Issue: 13 | ICISE-2015 | Dec-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 145
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

APPENDIX FLOWCHART

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Volume: 04 Special Issue: 13 | ICISE-2015 | Dec-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 146
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Special Issue: 13 | ICISE-2015 | Dec-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 147
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

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Volume: 04 Special Issue: 13 | ICISE-2015 | Dec-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 148