Floor plan drawings (cont…)

Introduction
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 Drawing for house construction
 Working drawings
 Hatching, symbols and notations
 INTRODUCTION
Why do we prepare construction Drawings?
To communicate requirements in a clear, concise and
unambiguous manner
To prepare bill of quantities
To use it as part of contract document
What are the requirements?
 Shouldn’t be unnecessarily congested or
complicated
 Clear to understand
 Descriptions be Brief
 Should be Consistent and complete
 Should be well dimensioned
 Should be drawn to scale 3
 INTRODUCTION ( CONT …)

 Construction drawings can be prepared:

 By hand assisted by various templates or
 Computer software programs ( Ex. AutoCAD)
 The use of computer programs in building drawing:
Enables users to produce any type of drawings
quickly, precisely, and efficiently
Enables editing, adding or deleting texts to drawings
Enables printing to required sizes and color
It caneasily be communicated via networks and
e-mails and integrated with other programs thus
Minimizes the need for storage space

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 INTRODUCTION ( CONT …)
Standard size of drawing papers
 Generally it is advisable to use international standard-size
papers in drawings to facilitate filling of drawings.
Format A Series B Series C Series
0 841 x 1189 1000 x 1414 917 x 1297
1 594 x 841 707 x 1000 648 x 917
2 420 x 594
3 297 x 420
4 210 x 297
5 148 x 210
6 105 x 148
7 74 x 105
8 52 x 74

Constant ratio of 1: 1.4

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 Architectural – Site Plan, Floor Plan, Elevation, Section,
Details

 Structural – Foundation (Footing, Foundation Column,

Ground Floor Slab, Retaining Walls), Upper Floor (Slabs,
Beams, Columns, Floor Slab, Retaining Walls), Shear
Walls, Truss (Layout, Truss Details, Connection Details)

 Sanitary - Water Supply (Cold and Hot), Waste Water,

Storm Water, etc

 Electrical - Socket, Switch, Lighting, Voice, Riser,

Distribution Boards

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 Architectural drawings
 Architectural drawings contain required information on the
size, material, and makeup of all main members of the
structure, as well as their relative position and method of
connection.
Architectural Drawing includes:-
A. Site Plan
B. Floor Plan
C. Foundation Plan
D. Elevation
E. Section
F.Detail

 A site plan is a drawing showing various properties in terms

of their owners, locations, elevations, states of development
and features such as roads, utility supply lines, etc. 7
 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)

Components of a site plan

 Survey beacons (corner stones) these are concrete pillars
located at principal corners of the site and at every change in
the direction of boundaries. They define the boundary and area of
the site.
 Elevations: these are the different heights on the surface of the
site in relation to a standard reference point known as bench
mark (BM).
 Locations which have equal elevations are joined together
using contour lines.
 These lines help to define the topography of the land
within a site.
 Site orientation: these refers to a system of defining the site
in terms of its direction to the north, south, east and west.
 Orientation is important in planning the building area to
make into consideration such factors as the direction of
rain, wind and sun within the site.
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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)

Components of a site plan (cont…)

 Physical features: these are permanent objects or
features existing with in the site or adjoining sites which are
used for referencing or identification of the site.
 Ex. Existing buildings, trees, roads, fences, etc.
 Access road: these shows the means of reaching the site.
 Utilities:
 A site plan shows utility supply lines such as for
water, electricity and gas.
 The scales used in drawing a site plan are:
 For small sites: Scales of 1:100, 1;200
 For large sites: Scales of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2500
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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)
SITE PLAN (cont…)

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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)
SITE PLAN (cont…)

Site plan
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DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)
 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION

 The floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions of a

building that would be seen when the building was cut
horizontally about 1.2m above the floor level.
 It provides more specific information about the design of the
building than any other plan.
 It is used as the base for the projection of other drawings.
 floor plan drawings usually show:
 center line of walls,
 window and door openings,
 wall thickness,
 furniture positions,
 material type,
 measurements and other details.

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 WORKING DRAWINGS ( CONT …)
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

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 WORKING DRAWINGS ( CONT …)
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION

 Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior of a

building.
 They are prepared to show the design materials, dimensions, and
final appearance of the exterior of a building.
 Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an
architectural drawing.
 Elevations drawings usually show :
 Vertical lines (walls, windows doors position in elevation)
 Horizontal lines (beam ,roof lines)
 Elevation dimensions
 Description of material used and finishing type

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 WORKING DRAWINGS ( CONT …)
Elevation drawings (cont…)

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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION

 Sectional drawings reveal the internal construction of an object.

 Architectural section drawings are prepared
 For the entire structure (full sections) or
 For a specific part(s) of a building (detail sections)
 The cutting plane is an imaginary plane, which passes
through the building and divides it into sections.
 Longitudinal section
 Transverse section
 Offset section
 Removed sections are frequently drawn for areas such as
footings, window sill, cornice, gutter line and ridge sections.

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 WORKING DRAWINGS ( CONT …)
Sectional drawings (cont…)

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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)

 They usually show specific details, such as in stair cases,

gutter to down pipe connections, wall to foundation
connection, metal and wood joineries, etc
 They are prepared to the extent necessary and depending
on the complexity of the building.
 They can be prepared to a scale of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20.

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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)

Detailed drawings (cont...)

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 The structural drawings provide the reader with a view of
the structural members of the building and how they will
support and transmit its loads to the ground.
 They are normally located after the architectural
drawings in a set of working drawings.
 For new construction, structural-engineering drawings will
be needed for foundation and footing details, the structural
frame design, beam sizes, and connections.

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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)

 Installation drawings comprise of drawings for water and

drainage pipes, electrical installation as well as mechanical
installation.
 For residential building a scale of 1:50 is normally preferred.

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 DRAWING FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ( CONT …)

 Sketch drawings are preliminary drawings prepared for showing

the general arrangements of buildings.
 They are often drawn free hand in pencils.
 They comprise plans of the most important storey, one or more
elevations and a cross-section of the building.

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 HATCHINGS, SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS

 The main objective is to differentiate between the materials being

used thus enabling rapid recognition and location.
 They must be used consistently throughout the whole set of
drawings.
 In large areas it is not always necessary to hatch the whole area.

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 HATCHINGS, SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS (CONT...)

 These are graphical representations and wherever possible should be

drawn to scale
 They must be consistent for the whole set of drawings and clearly
drawn.

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THANK
YOU!
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