Version 2025 : September 2024

Mill
Contents
Introduction To Mill 7

Part Setup - DCD 8

DCD Tabs: Mill 9
Top half of DCD tab 9
Bottom half of DCD Tab 10
Material Database 17
Custom Stock 17
Custom Stock With A Hole 19

Tools 21
Defining Tools 21
ISCAR Tool Advisor (ITA) 21
Milling Tool Dialog 21
Tool Type 24
Milling Tools 24
Milling Tools - Type 1 25
Milling Tools - Type 2 25
Milling Tools - Type 3 26
Drilling Tools 26
Drilling Tools - Type 1 26
Drilling Tools - Type 2 27
Drilling Tools - Type 3 28
Advanced Tools 28
2D Form Tool 30
User-specified programming parameters 30
3D Form Tool 32
Tool Specs 32
Tool Options 35

Mill Tool Offset Data 37

Tool Holder Definition 39
Tool Offset 44
Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC) 45

Processes 46

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Mill Machining palette 46
Buttons: Do It, Redo 46
Function Tiles and Controls for Basic Milling Machines 47
Function Tiles Available With Additional Product Options 47
Process Dialogs 48
Customizing Process Groups 49
Mill Feature Tab 50
Attribute-Driven Controls 50
Absolute-Only Controls 51
Holes Process 51
Drill tab 52
Diagram Options 59
Other Common Controls 62
Hole Feature Tab 62
Settings, Options, and Parameters 64
Bore Tab 71
Pre-Mill Tab 74
Mill Feature Tab for Holes 76
Attribute-Driven Controls 76
Absolute-Only Controls 76
Rotate Tab for Milling Machines 77
Contour Process 77
Controls and Parameters for Offset Contour 78
Depths Diagram 78
Z Step 82
Finish Entry / Exit 83
Controls Specific to Contour Process 84
Feed Entry Type 85
Other Common Controls 89
Solids Tab 89
Open Sides Tab 89
Offset Tab for Contouring 90
Functionality 90
Entry/Exit Tab 91
Rotate Tab 92
Roughing Process 92
Depths Diagram 94
Wall Choices 96
Z Step 97
Other Common Controls 99
Offset and Zig Zag Processes 99

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 Entry Styles 99
Offset and Offset With Cleanup Processes 101
Helix 107
Zig Zag 109
Face Milling 115
Solids Tab 120
Open Sides Tab 120
Offset/Trim Tab 121
Caveats 123
Entry / Exit Tab 125
Rotate Tab 127
Thread Milling Process 127
Hole Feature Tab 128
Thread Tab 128
Other Common Controls 131
Surfacing Process 132
Material Only 132
Material Only Limitations 133
Material Only Relating to Closed Pockets and Open Pockets 133
Rotate Tab 136
Rotary Part Clearance Planes 139
Entry / Exit Tab 139
Same Entry and Exit 140
Different Entry and Exit 140
Pre-defined Process Groups 143
Pre-Defined Process Groups Exercise 145

Machining 147
Machining Markers 147
Start and End Points 149
D-Pointer 149

Operations 151
Utility Markers 151
Boss Top Machining 154
Machining Air Geometry 155
Clearance Moves 158

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 Entry Move: Same Tool 159
Entry Move: Tool Change 159
Intra-Operation Moves 159
Exit Move: Same Tool 161
Exit Move: Tool Change 162
2 ½ Axis Surfacing 162
Swept Shapes 163
Swept Shape Example 163
Tapers with Fillets 165
Tapered Wall Example 165
Pattern 167
Pattern Example 167
Engraving 169
Engraving Text Exercise 170
Printing the Toolpath 174

Polar & Cylindrical Milling 175

Polar & Cylindrical Milling and Rotary Interpolation 175
Flat vs. Radial geometry 175
Modify Menu Items 177

Cut Part Rendering 180

Rendering Polar and Cylindrical Milling 180
Cylindrical Milling from Cylindrical Profiles 181

Post Processing 182

Mill Post Label Definitions and Code Issues 182
3-Axis Mill 182
Label Definitions 182
Code Issues 183
Feature Drilling 184
Advanced CS 184
Label Definitions 184
Code Issues 185
4-Axis Simple Positioning 185
Label Definitions 185
Code Issues 186
Posts That Support Rotary and Cylindrical Milling 186
Label Definitions 186
Code Issues 187

5
Communications 188
Protocols 188

Appendix 189
Not Included In Interface Level 1 189
Workgroups 190
Interface 190

Conventions 191
Text 191
Graphics 191

Links To Online Resources 192

Index 193

6
 Introduction to Mill

Introduction to Mill
This guide is intended for users of a basic 3-axis mill; however, the lessons learned also apply to
more advanced 4-axis and 5-axis milling.
The most effective way to learn the system is to look through the Getting Started guide to
become familiar with the system and how it works. You should then complete the Geometry
Creation tutorial followed by the Mill tutorial.
For simple explanations of on-screen items and their purpose, use Balloons provided in the Help
menu. The Common Reference guide will help you with items contained in the various menus
and palettes.

7
 Part Setup - DCD

Part Setup - DCD

To display the Document Control dialog (DCD), click the Document button. The top portion of the
dialog contains general information about the part, such as the Machine type, Material information,
and measurement units. The top portion also provides file management options that you use to
control where the file is stored on the computer. For more information about this dialog see the
Getting Started guide.

1. Machine types,
current and available
2. File controls
3. Part material
information
4. Measurement units
5. Comments for part
and programming
6. Machine setup
7. Work areas
8. Machining
preferences
Top portion of the Document Control dialog (DCD). For complete information, see the Getting
Started guide.

1. Workspace stock
size
2. Machine part origin
3. Tool holders, current
and available
4. Master Z clearance
plane
5. Interop settings
6. Intermediate Tooling
7. Multi-Part

Bottom portion of the Document Control dialog. For complete information, see “DCD Tabs: Mill
” on page 9.

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 Part Setup - DCD

DCD Tabs: Mill

Top half of DCD tab
General tab, Comments Tab and the Machining Preferences Tab are covered in detail in the Getting
Started guide, under Setting up a part.

Machine Setup Tab

This tab is displayed only for multi-axis machines with generic MDDs — generic 4-axis and 5-axis
mills and B-axis mill/turn machines. The tab’s contents vary by machine type.

Machine Setup for 4-Axis Generic Mill

1. Rotate Around: { X | Y | Z }
2. Location of Rotary axis
3. Rotation direction ([-] or[+])
4. If axis limited: minimum and
maximum

Machine Setup for 5-Axis Generic Mill

1. Rotate Around:
{ X | Y | Z}
2. Location of Rotary
axis
3. Rotation direction
([-] |or [+])
4. If axis limited:
minimum and
maximum
(for separate 4th and
5th axis setup)

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 Part Setup - DCD

Bottom half of DCD Tab

Workspace tab

Stock and Part-Specific Settings

Stock Size and Part Origin

These values are used to define the size of the workspace stock, or the default stock size.
Any positive or negative value is valid, but the +X, +Y and +Z values must always be greater
than the -X -Y -Z values.
Stock dimensions are respected when generating toolpath with the Material Only option
selected in the process dialog. If custom stock has been created (custom stock is stock that is
based either on a specified solid body or on workgroup geometry designated Part Stock),
then the system will use the custom stock size for toolpath and positioning moves. In that
case, the values entered in the DCD will be used only to draw the stock outline and origin
marker correctly.
Within GibbsCAM, the part origin is always "X0 Y0 Z0" in part space.

Part Offset
Why are these values displayed? The parameters here are for the majority of part
programmers, who prefer to set a part origin at some convenient location, usually different
from the table origin. (Table origin is also called part station origin. For simple mills, the table
origin is also the machine origin.). For example, many programmers prefer to set the part
origin at the top of the stock so that +Z values are above the part and -Z values inside the
part.
Who can ignore these parameters?
- If your programming style is always to center the bottom of the part exactly at the table
origin, then the part offset values are always 0 0 0 and you can ignore this section of the
Workspace tab.
- Or, if you program only on generic 3-axis mills and never use Machine Simulation, then
you can ignore these values. However, best practice is to set them correctly in case
future programmers might need them on other machines, or for Machine Sim.
Who must not ignore these parameters?
- If you use Machine Simulation, then you must provide Part Offset values for the
simulation to be accurate. In releases before v11.0, this was accomplished using either
the Set Part Origin plug-in or the Set Part Origin dialog box summoned by the Setup button
on the Render Control palette.
- If your DCD references a generic 4-axis or 5-axis MDD, then the Machine Setup tab
(explained in “Top half of DCD tab ” on page 9) specifies the location of the rotary axis or
axes for this machine, measured from the table origin. If nonzero Y or Z values are
specified for the fourth axis (and/or if nonzero X or Z values are specified for the fifth

10
 Part Setup - DCD

axis), then the values for Part Offset are taken relative to the values set up for the
machine as a whole.
For 4- and 5-axis mills, why is the reference value tucked away in Machine Setup tab, and
why did it change at v11.0?
- Values for Machine Setup are set once per machine. Therefore, its tab in the DCD should
be accessed only rarely after initial setup. This allows parts to be more portable from one
machine to another.
- Values for Part Offset might vary from part to part on the same machine. Therefore, the
Workspace tab displays Part Offset values whenever the DCD is re-opened, for
immediate at-a-glance reference.
The relationship between Table Origin and Part Origin is illustrated below.

(A) Table
Origin at center
bottom of this
stock.
(B) Part Origin:
1. Negative X
Value
2. Negative Y
Value
3. Positive Z
Value

Part Offset example 1 (generic 3-axis mill): Part Offset places part origin (X0 Y0 Z0) left of,
closer than, and above table origin.

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 Part Setup - DCD

Mill Class

This menu allows you to select the classification of mill tool holders found on the machine this
part will be cut on. The six basic holder types on the list include: BT; Capto (Sandvik Capto); CAT
(Caterpillar); DIN69871; HSK(type A hollow taper shank holders); and NMTB(National Machine
Tool Builder standard).
Each of the types has multiple sizes. The selection of this back end of the holder affects the tool-
specific front end holders available in the Tool dialog. The items found in this menu can be
modified using File > Preferences, Machining Prefs tab.
Clearance Plane
This position is used as a master clearance plane for the part. This is the Z position the tool will
rapid to and from during a tool change. In addition, the tool will retract to this position between
holes for drilling operations (if the second Retract to Z option is selected in the Drilling Process
dialog). The Clearance Plane is also used for multiple parts in the posted output. For more
information on clearance positioning, refer to “ Machining” on page 147 and “Post Processing”
on page 182.
Clearance (Δ)
When an MDD specifies Clearance Volume, the DCD for a Mill part presents Clearance (Δ) as an
incremental offset from the default stock definition. This allows users of advanced machines to
specify that the tool should stay at least Δ away from the part except when cutting. In the textbox,
enter the size of the "bubble" to be maintained around the part, within tolerances set within the
MDD (usually ±10%).

About Clearance Volume

Clearance Volume allows users of advanced machines to say to GibbsCAM, in effect, “Here’s
my part; don’t let the tool come too close to it except when cutting. You figure it out so I don’t
have to.”

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 Part Setup - DCD

Clearance Volume was devised to address situations where the traditional clearance plane
(CP1) is not a good match for machines of more than three axes, especially those with rotary
heads or tables, tools with right-angle heads (or any tool that is not Z-aligned), vices that can be
held at varying B-axis angles, and the like.
For turning, Clearance Volume is required for eccentric turning, where clearances must be
calculated from a CS that is not parallel to the base XZ axis.
The clearest example of where Clearance Volume is beneficial is Willemin 508MT and 508MT2
machines where vice and tool can be rotated independently, making it impossible to provide
legacy MDD settings for interop moves that are logical and reasonable. Any machine where tool
stations and part stations are independently rotatable can be a candidate for Clearance Volume.
Clearance Volume can also be useful for simple machines where more efficient clearances are
desirable for interop moves when the tool retracts to accommodate rotation, especially when
machining a tall part. This occurs on 5-axis table machines where the fourth axis is distant from
the part, and on B-axis mill-turns where the tool goes home between B-axis orientation changes.
In cases like these, if you can keep the tool near the part, you often get faster run times.
Generally: If it is very difficult to calculate the “right” CP1, or if there is no right CP1, then
Clearance Volume may offer a better solution.
Caveats: Interop moves generated by Clearance Volume contain 5-axis simultaneous moves;
thus it is best if the control has TCP capabilities, and it is unsuitable for machines that have
indexing rotary axes or rotary axes that must be clamped between moves.

User Interface
In the MDD, Clearance Volume should be implemented by Resellers and/or the Gibbs Post
Department. We do not expect end users to exercise Clearance Volume options in the MDD.

When the MDD implements Clearance Volume, a new command is available: Show
Clearance Volumes. You can find this command in the Customization dialog and customize the
user interface by placing it on a toolbar or menu group.

DCD. When an MDD

specifies Clearance
Volume, the DCD for a Mill
part changes: instead of
Clearance for a plane
positioned above the part
origin, it has Clearance (Δ)
as an incremental offset
from the default stock
definition.

Machine Space and Part Space

Machine space means “absolute; from the standpoint of the machine”; part space is relative to
the part, which may be moving with respect to the machine.

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 Part Setup - DCD

Example. When a vinyl record is played on a turntable, consider the path of the needle.
• From the standpoint of the machine, it makes a nearly straight-line traversal from the outside
of the disc to the inside.
• From the standpoint of the record, the needle traverses a very tight inward spiral, with
occasional small breaks. This follows the spiral tracks in the vinyl.

G-Code
All machines output G-code in machine space; some machines also have a mode that enables
part space instead of machine space. Machine Space requires accurate offsets (i.e., tool and
part and rotary positions in the MDD), and may be unsafe when inaccurate offsets are entered.
Part Space is more forgiving. But: Note that “Turning Enabled” causes Part Space to be ignored.
In most circumstances, the superior output takes advantage of the machine’s interpolation
capabilities to create smooth lines and arcs, instead of creating many tiny segments that
approximate a curve.

Multi-Part Tab

Depending on the machine, GibbsCAM provides Part Duplication and TMS options on the Multi-
Part tab. TMS is covered in detail in the TMS guide.A part that previously used the Multi-Part
Mode of TMS is automatically converted to Multi-Part when it is opened in this release. However,
to take advantage of Multi-Part post improvements requires a post upgrade. (Without such an
upgrade, old posts will continue to work, but will use longhand.) To request a post upgrade,
contact your Reseller or the Gibbs Post Department.

Part duplication

1. In order to view part duplication, you need to select Op Sim Rendering.

You can leave the Rendering palette open as you make your selections, rewind and play the
simulation as required.
2. You are now ready to specify the duplication pattern - Equally spaced, Grid, or Defined.
• Equally spaced will duplicate in one line specified by the Origin Offset.

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 Part Setup - DCD

• Grid will duplicate in a grid pattern. You need to specify the number of parts in each direction
and then the grid offset. In the example below there will be 4 parts in each direction with an
offset of 12 in X and Y. We wish to start in the X direction and follow a zigzag pattern for the
operations (as demonstrated by the arrows).

• Define Positions allows you to specify your own grid positions. The first part will be at 0,0 either
from the Machine or the Part Origin, depending on which radio button you choose.
Subsequent parts can then be added at specific grid locations. Continue adding part
locations as required.

If Complete Each Part First is checked all operations will be completed on a part before moving onto
the next. If unchecked, operations using the same tool will be completed on each part in turn,
then the machine will return to the origin and begin the next operation.
If Back and Forth is checked, the next operation will start at the last part cut, instead of returning to
the origin.

Interop Positions Tab

For any generic MDD, or for any custom MDD that specifies a Flow Axis Set (FAS) with an
Interop Event Location whose axes are set to User, the Interop Positions page potentially lists all
FAS's that contain user axes and whether to share user axis values.

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 Part Setup - DCD

The Tool Change checkbox specifies whether to set tool change positions manually (if the box is
selected, further controls are displayed that allow you to specify a position for each FAS) or to
allow the system to manage them.

Please Note: Settings in the MDD govern many of the controls displayed in the Interop
Positions tab. For example, if the checkbox Force Share User Axis Values selected in the
Machining Prefs page of MDD's root note, then the DCD's Interop Positions page will not
offer the Share User Axis Values checkbox.

When displayed, the Share User Axis Values checkbox is selected by default, so that values are
shared across all axes in every FAS. If you clear this checkbox, then a pull-down menu appears
that allows you to set user axis values for each interop event location in the FAS. The illustration
below shows how you could adjust the default retract values along the X1 and Z1 axes.

Intermediate Tooling Tab

This part of the DCD provides access to the toolblocks and fixtures appropriate to this part setup.

Other Settings

If the MDD has multiple workpiece stations, a dropdown on the Workspace tab allows selection
of a workpiece station, and a checkbox and value allow control of the Graphic Part Face
Distance. If the MDD has only one workpiece, these elements will be absent.
If the MDD has multiple toolgroups, a dropdown on this tab will allow selection of a toolgroup. If
the MDD has only one toolgroup, the dropdown will be hidden, but the toolgroup data will still be
shown. A dropdown will be shown with the toolgroup’s Mill Holder Class; it will be read-only if
Lock Mill Backend is turned on for the toolgroup. If the toolgroup can access a workpiece station
that is “Turning Enabled”, a Shank Size dropdown will be shown; it will be read-only if the MDD is
not generic.

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 Part Setup - DCD

The remainder of the tab is configured to collect setup data for a particular type of workpiece
station; a given MDD may have multiple workpiece stations of the same type, or of different
types.

Material Database
To open the Materials dialog
Use either of the following methods:

l
From the File menu, select Materials.
l From within a process dialog, click the Material button.

You use the Materials Database for storing and quickly retrieving feeds and speeds for various
types of materials. The Materials Database contains default material information and can also
include the CutDATA™ material library, if you have purchased this option. You can also enter
custom information into the Materials Database. For more information about the Materials
Database, see the Common Reference guide.
Please note: When deleting any item in the Materials Database (Family, Alloy Group or
Material), great care must be taken as the undo function is not available.

Custom Stock
For simple stock — rectangular or cylindrical, with or without a hole — you can use the Stock
Wizard plug-in.

Please Note: The Stock Wizard was not designed to work with spinning Part Stations.

For more complicated stock, the Workgroup context menu WG Info choice allows a custom
stock shape definition from geometry. This dialog is accessed by right-clicking a workgroup’s
name in the workgroup list.

17
 Part Setup - DCD

The shape can be extruded or revolved along the X, Y or Z axis. Extrusion geometry can be in
any orientation. Extrusions will extend to workspace stock boundary of the axis. The stock shape
may be a concave or convex shape with one hole. The hole may be a blind hole or a through
hole. Revolved stock should lie along the axis of revolution and must not cross the axis.

Extrude X Axis Extrude Y Axis Extrude Z Axis

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 Part Setup - DCD

Revolve X Axis Revolve Y Axis Revolve Z Axis

Custom Stock With A Hole

Custom stock can also have a single hole in it. The hole can be of any closed shape and may be
a through hole or a blind hole. For the system to create a custom stock shape with a hole, the
stock must be extruded along the Z axis. The system uses the Z values in the Document Control
dialog to determine the depth of the stock.
To create a hole in the stock, simply create the hole shape in the stock workgroup. The Z value
of the hole shape designates the floor of the hole. If the Z value of the hole is coincident with the
bottom of the stock or is deeper than the bottom of the stock, then the system will create a
through hole. The closed shape must be contained within the stock shape. If the hole goes
beyond the X or Y bounds of the stock shape, the system will not create a hole but will still create
the stock shape.

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 Part Setup - DCD

Example of Custom Stock with a blind hole

20
 Tools

Tools
You select the tools that you want to use for machining processes using tool tiles in the Tools
List. For more information on the Tools List and the Tool dialog, see the "Tools" section in the
Getting Started guide.
The following material describes tools used specifically for milling.

Defining Tools
You can define tools for machining processes in the following ways:
• Directly from the Tool List
• Using ITA (ISCAR Tool Advisor)
To define a tool directly from the Tool List:

1. In the Tool List, double-click an empty tool tile.

The Milling Tool definition dialog appears.

2. Type or select the options you want to use and close the dialog.

For general information on creating, saving and manipulating the tool lists and reports, see the
section on "Tool Creation" in the Getting Started guide.

ISCAR Tool Advisor (ITA)

You can use the ITA (Iscar Tool Advisor) pull-down choice on the title bar of the Select
Tool Type flyout dialog.

Milling Tool Dialog

The Tool dialog defines the specific type, shape and material of a tool as well as how the
machine uses and stores data for that tool.

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 Tools

1. Tool Type
2. Unit (Inch/MM)
3. Options:
4. Tool Diagram
5. Tool Holder Definition
6. Tool Holder
7. Length out of Holder
8. Tool Length Offset #
9. Cutter Compensation
Offset #
10. Tool Material
11. Tool ID #
12. Tool Comment

Components of the Tool dialog

Tool Type
The tool type changes the tool diagram to define various tool shapes. For a description of the
parameters for each type, see “Tool Type” on page 24.
Unit (Inch/MM)
Use the Units pull-down menu to set the unit of measurement for the current tool. For each tool
you can specify the dimensions in either imperial or metric. Tool units can differ from Part units.
Tool unit settings do not affect the units for the lower portion of the same tool dialog, such as
Stickout and Holder Length which use the unit specified in the DCD.

Options:
Select this checkbox to create more complex tools. You can enter additional specifications,
which are not normally required for the standard tool types, in the Options tool diagram. The
Options setting is available only for certain tool types. For more information, see “Tool Options”
on page 35.

Offsets

When a custom holder is applied, the system will calculate holder offsets using data from the
Toolblock (if used) and the Toolholder. For more information on offsets see the Mill Tool Offset
Data section.

22
 Tools

Tool Diagram
The diagram and tool specifications depend on the tool type you select. The shaded sections of
a tool diagram illustrate the cutting surfaces of a tool while the white areas are non-cutting
surfaces of the tool. If these surfaces come in contact with a part, the system draws this contact
area in red during rendering to show interference. The tool types are divided into general groups
based on the similarities of the tool diagrams and specifications, see the diagram above.
The dropdown in the Tool Diagram section of the dialog, enables definition of the shank type of
the tool. Options are Straight, Stepped and Tapered. Below are the options available for a Rough
End Mill tool.

1. Overall Tool Length 5. Bottom Corner Radius

2. Tool Shank Diameter 6. Tool Shank Taper Angle
3. Tool Shank Taper Length 7. Tool Shank Neck Length
4. Tool shank neck diameter 8. Taper/Flute Length

Tool Holder Definition

You can define the front end tool holder assigned to a tool as one of the following: Tool Holder,
Custom, or None.

Tool Holder
You can select pre-defined industry standard holders, based on the Tool Holder Class set in the
Document Control dialog as well as the tool size. For more information, see Tool Holder
Definition and Mill Class.
Custom
You can define your own tool holder. For more information, see Custom.
None
Select this option if you do not want to display the holder when rendering the part.
Length out of Holder
When using a pre-defined tool holder, the distance from the tool tip to the face of the holder must
be set. This parameter allows the overall tool length to be the actual length of the tool. The Length
out of Holder value must be less than or equal to the overall tool length; if it is greater than the tool
length, a gap appears between the tool and holder.

23
 Tools

Tool Length Offset #

This number designates the numeric location in the machine where the Z offset amount is
entered.
Cutter Compensation Offset #
This number designates the numeric location in the machine where the XY offset amount for
Cutter Radius Compensation is found. For more information on CRC, see Cutter Radius
Compensation (CRC).
Tool Material
This menu specifies the material of the tool. The information selected here can be used by the
Material Database to determine speeds and feeds. The default material for Mill tools is High
Speed Steel. For more information on Tool Material, see "Materials" section in the Common
Reference guide.
Tool ID #
This number indicates the control the location of a tool in a gang or slide. This is used to override
the existing tool number. It refers to a carousel location or “POT” number. Note that a Tool ID
greater than 999 will display on tiles as ##, because tiles are not big enough to display four-digit
tool IDs.
Order Tool
For some tools, the lower center portion of Tool dialog might display this link:
Its presence indicates that the tool was imported from a manufacturer's catalog. Clicking the
link directs you to the catalog of the specific tool library.
Tool Comment
You can type an optional comment for each tool. The comment is output in the finished code at
the beginning of every operation that uses the tool. The comment also displays in the Tooltip for
the tool in the Tool list.

Tool Type
For descriptions of the tool types you can select, see
Milling Tools,
Drilling Tools,
Advanced Tools, and
2D Form Tool.
For detailed information about tool specifications and options, see Tool Specs and Tool Options.

Milling Tools

24
 Tools

Milling Tools - Type 1

Tools in this category have a single diameter and include Rough and Finish Endmills, Ball
Endmills and Spot tools. Ball Endmills do not have a bottom corner radius specification. There is
no setting for Bullnose endmills, but Rough and Finish Endmills may be given a bottom corner
radius to create a Bullnosed tool. For descriptions of "Overall Tool Length", "Flute Length",
"Cutting Diameter", and “Bottom Corner Radius”, see Tool Specs.

1. Overall Tool
Length
2. Flute
Length
3. Cutting
Diameter
4. Bottom
Corner
Radius

Milling Tools - Type 2

Tools in this category have a cutting diameter that is greater than the shank. Included in this
category are Shell, Face, Fly cutters, Key cutters, and Thread tools. These tools share “Overall
Tool Length”, “Shank Diameter”, “Cutting Diameter” and “Flute Length” dimensions. A Keyway
Cutter has a “Top Corner Radius” and “Bottom Corner Radius” specification. The Thread mill has
a “Tip Angle” instead of a bottom corner radius. For descriptions of these attributes, see Tool
Specs.

25
 Tools

Also in this category are Lollipop tools. Lollipop tool specifications include “Overall Tool Length”,
“Shank Diameter”, “Length of Shank Diameter”, “Bottom Shank Diameter”, “Lollipop Diameter”,
and “Clearance Length”.

1. Overall Tool Length

2. Tool Shank Diameter
3. Tool Shank Neck Diameter
4. Lollipop Diameter
5. Taper/Flute length
6. Tool Shank Neck Length

Milling Tools - Type 3

The only tool in this category is the Reamer. Reamer specifications include “Overall Tool
Length”, “Cutting Diameter”, and “Non-Cutting Tip Height”. For descriptions of these attributes,
see Tool Specs.

1. Overall Tool Length

2. Tool Shank Neck Diameter
3. Non-Cutting Tip Height
4. Non-Cutting Diameter
5. Taper/Flute Length

Drilling Tools
Drilling Tools - Type 1
Drills in this category are effectively straight tools that is to say that the system sees the shank as
the same size as the cutting diameter. The tools in this category include Drills, Spot Drills,
Counter Sinks Taps and Rigid Taps. These tools share the “Overall Tool Length”, “Cutting
Diameter” and “Tip Angle” specifications. Countersinks have a “Flat Tip Diameter” and “Chamfer
Height” dimension which are interactive with the diameter and tip angle specified. You only need

26
 Tools

to specify the tip angle and any two of the three specifications for the cutting diameter, flat tip
diameter and chamfer height. The third value is automatically calculated. Tapping tools have a
“Non-Cutting Tip Height” and a “Pitch” (for metric parts) or “TPI” (Threads Per Inch) specification.
The TPI is not shown in the diagram but is entered in a separate text entry box. Descriptions of
these attributes can be found in Tool Specs.

1. Overall Tool
Length
2. Tool Shank
Neck
Diameter
3. Tip Angle
4. Main Tool
Diameter
5. Flat Tip
Diameter
6. Chamfer
Height
7. Pitch (metric
parts) or TPI
8. Non-Cutting
Tip Height
9. Taper/Flute
Length

Drilling Tools - Type 2

The only tool in this category is the Center Drill. This item includes a menu of standard tool sizes
for both metric and inch parts. Selecting an entry from the menu automatically fills in the
specifications for the dimensions of that tool. Any value may be manually changed if it is not
exactly the tool you have. A Center Drill’s specifications include “Overall Tool Length”, “Shank
Diameter”, “Cutting Diameter” and “Draft Angle”, “Tip Angle” and a “Pilot Length”. Descriptions of
these attributes can be found in Tool Specs. Please note that the Center Drill’s Pilot Length does
not include the length of the tool’s tip or what is sometimes referred to as the Flute length.

27
 Tools

1. Overall Tool
Length
2. Tool Shank
Diameter
3. Main Tool
Diameter
4. Draft Angle
5. Tip Angle
6. Pilot Length

Drilling Tools - Type 3

This category consists of boring tools, i.e. standard Bores and Back Bores. These tools share
“Overall Tool Length”, “Cutting Diameter” and “Non-Cutting Tip Length” dimensions. Back Bores
have “Shank Diameter” and “Cutting Tip Length” values which are not needed by standard
Bores. Descriptions of these attributes can be found in Tool Specs.

1. Overall Tool Length

2. Tool Shank Diameter
3. Non-Cutting Tip Height
4. Main Tool Diameter
5. Taper/Flute Length

Bore and Back Bore tools use a theoretical insert tip corner as the touch off Z which is shown in
the tool diagram. This part of the tool will go to the Z position entered in the drill process dialog
(or Hole Wizard) for the hole depth. This is also the Z location of the tool tip in CPR. This position
is programmed in the output G-code.

Advanced Tools

28
 Tools

1. Overall Tool
Length
2. Tool Shank
neck
diameter
3. Taper angle
of tool
4. Profile
radius of tool
5. Bottom
corner radius
6. Main tool
diameter
7. Bottom and
top corner
radii
8. Taper/flute
length
9. Convex tip
radius of tool
10. Flat
diameter of
tool

1. Overall Tool Length

2. Shank Diameter
3. Body Diameter
4. Corner Radius
5. Pilot Diameter
6. Touch-Off to Top of
Radius
7. Body Length

29
 Tools

You use Roundover tools with a Contour process to mill rounded edges. Roundover tool
specifications include “Overall Tool Length”, “Shank Diameter”, “Body Diameter”, “Top Corner
Radius”, “Pilot Diameter”, a “Touch-Off to Top of Radius” value and the “Body Length”. For
descriptions of these attributes, see Tool Specs. The standard 3° angles off the top corner radius
are a fixed value and are exaggerated in the tool setup dialog.

Example of a Roundover Contour operation.

When creating a process using a Roundover tool, set the Top Surface Z value and subtract the
tool’s radius from the Top Surface Z value. You should not modify the final depth, that is, the final
depth should be the intended depth of the tip of the pilot. This is because the pilot diameter of the
tool is used to evaluate the Z level to cut. This allows you to determine which part of the tool to
offset.

2D Form Tool
Any tool that cannot be created using the standard tools can be created with the form tool. The
Form Tool can be used to create custom tools by drawing the profile around X0. The profile is
revolved about X0 to determine the tool shape. For Mill Form tools, the profile must be an open,
terminated shape. Only connected geometry will be used for the tool. Select any part of the
profile and Apply the profile to define the Form tool.
If you want any portion of the profile geometry to be non-cutting in the 2D Form tool, right-click
the geometry and use the context menu to change it from Wall to Air.

User-specified programming parameters

In the Tools dialog, when a Mill tool of type 2D Form or 3D Form is selected, pulldown menu
Generate toolpath from lets you choose how to generate toolpath using this tool:

• Real profile Most accurate but most computation-intensive and therefore slowest. This
default behavior matches the behavior of releases before GibbsCAM 2024.

30
 Tools

• Monotonic profile. This choice disables undercutting when the tool narrows, preserving
shank clearance. The contact radius will be the widest part of the tool below the geometry
depth.
• Nominal parameters. This choice uses the nominal diameter and the Virtual Corner Radius
field to simulate a bullnose mill. The toolpath will regard the tool as a bullnose mill instead of
a form tool, but the tool will still be rendered with its actual profile.
This allows accurate rendering of high-feed mills for which the manufacturer provides
programming instructions with a simplified “programming radius” or similar.

Because these choices affect only the calculation of contact points for toolpath generation,
Material Only and Rendering functions will use the Real profile whenever possible.
Important: The value for Spline Machining Tolerance is used by 2D Form tools and 3D Form tools,
which typically use free-form curves (spline geometry) in their construction. This value is set in
the Document Control dialog (DCD), Machining Preferences tab.

2D milling will offset the form tool from the geometry as if the geometry is at the top Z surface
level and the tool is at the final cut depth, similar to the way the system offsets for tapered tools
or tools with a bottom corner radius. Form tools are not compatible with 3D milling. For more
information about tool offsets refer to Tool Offset. Please note that form tools may slow down cut
part rendering, especially as their complexity increases.
These pictures illustrate the creation path for a sample form tool. The first image is the profile
geometry; the second, the form tool diagram with the example tool loaded in the Tool Creation
dialog; and the third image, a rendered image of the tool. Remember that for the system to load a
shape as a form tool, the shape must be a selected, open, terminated shape drawn around the
vertical axis.

31
 Tools

Nominal Diameter
If the nominal tool diameter in the form tool specification is less than the calculated maximum
radius of the profile provided, the value can be entered here.

Profile Geometry, Tool Diagram and the Rendered Tool

3D Form Tool
This is created in the same way, only using a solid revolved shape. Select the solid from the
workspace or bodybag and Apply. The solid must be centered about the X axis.

Tool Specs
Generic Specs

The following specs can be found in the different tool types. The function names listed here can
be found using the balloons feature in the measurement specs of the tools.
Overall Tool Length
This is the total length of the tool to be displayed during rendering. The Tool length is usually
used to specify the length a tool sticks out of the tool holder, such as how far a drill sticks out of a
drill chuck.
Cutting Diameter
This is the largest diameter width that a tool will cut with. Also referred to as the Main Tool
Diameter.
# Flutes
This is the number of flutes or cutting edges in the tool.
Bottom Corner Radius
For tools that have a rounded edge on the bottom this should be less than the Main Tool
Diameter and greater than or equal to zero.

32
 Tools

Flute Length
This is the size of the cutting part of the tool.
Shank Diameter
This is the diameter of the non-cutting part of the top of the tool.
Shank Taper Length / Shank Taper Angle
For tapered shanks, specify either the length of the taper or the taper angle.
Shank Neck Diameter / Shank Neck Length
For tapered shanks, specify either the diameter or the length of the shank neck.
Non-Cutting Tip Length
This for reaming tools that have a bottom that does not cut.
Cutting Tip Length
This is the length of the cutting tip for a Back Bore tools.
Top Corner Radius
For tools that have a rounded edge on the top this should be less than the Main Tool Diameter
and greater than or equal to zero.
Taper Length
This is the length of the tapered part of the tool. Same value as the Flute Length and is usually
used in Counter Sink tools or option tool definitions.
Tip Angle
This is the angle of the tip of the cutting edge of the tool for drilling and threading tools.
Tip Diameter
For countersink tools this is the diameter of the tip of the tool.
Non-Cutting Tip Height
Commonly referred to as “lead in”. This is the height of an extra non-cutting surface of a tool
measured from the bottom of the tool. If a tool has a non-cutting surface, be sure to give the tool
clearance at the floor of a pocket. This is used to accurately render the cut part, ensuring that the
tool does not contact the stock.
Length of Shank Diameter
This is the height of the top of the non-cutting section of the tool.
Bottom Shank Diameter
This is the width of the bottom of the non-cutting part of the tool.
Lollipop Diameter
This is the width of the cutting section of the tool.
Clearance Length
This is the height of the non-cutting section of the tool.

Drill and Bore Type Specs

Tip Angle
For Drilling tools this is the angle of the bottom tip.

33
 Tools

Flat Tip Diameter

This value is the size of a flat tip on counter sink tools. A value of “0” will create a tool with a
sharp tip. This value is interactive with the diameter and Chamfer Height.
Chamfer Height
This is the overall height of the chamfer on a counter sink tool. This value in interactive and will
modify the tool diameter or flat tip diameter, depending on which last had a value entered.
Sizes
This is a list of standard tool sizes.
Draft Angle
For tools with a built in chamfers such as Center Drills this is the draft angle of the tool.
TPI
For parts created in inches this is the Threads Per Inch ratio.
Pitch
For parts created in metric this is the distance from one thread tip to the next.
# of Teeth
For Full Profile Threadmills only: This is the number of teeth in the threadmill profile.
Style
For Full Profile Threadmills only: This is the thread standard to use for this threadmill:
l UN: Unified screw thread, ASME/ANSI B1.1
l UNJ: Unified screw thread, ASME/ANSI B1.15
l ISO: International Standard (metric)
l NPT: National Pipe Thread Taper
l Whitworth 55°: Also called British Standard Whitworth (BSW)
l BSP: British standard pipe thread

Taper
For Full Profile Threadmills only: This is the standard or user-specified taper angle.
Non-Cutting Tip Height
This is the height of the tool's cutting surface from the bottom of the tool for Back Bore.
Cutting Tip Length
This is the height of the tool's cutting surface from the bottom of the boring bar. This is used for
accurate cut part rendering, ensuring that the tool does not contact the stock.

Roundover Tool Specs

Body Diameter
This is the overall width of the tool.
Top Corner Radius
This is the radius of the round left by the tool.

34
 Tools

Pilot Diameter
This is the smaller tip diameter below the Top Corner Radius and the smallest space the tool can
fit to round two parallel edges.
Touch-Off to Top of Radius
This value is the length of the tool from its tip to the top of the tool radius. This is the cutting area
of the tool.
Body Length
This is the length of the cutting section of the tool, the 4° taper and the wall section of the tool.

Tool Options
The tools shown can have custom definitions.

To enter additional specifications for these tools, select the Options box.

1. Tool Length
2. Shank Diameter
3. Cutting Diameter
4. Top Corner Radius
5. Draft Angle
6. Bottom Corner Radius
7. Flute Length
8. Sharp Tip Diameter of Tapered Tool
9. Hollow Tool Diameter

Ball Endmills have a slightly different tool diagram when the Options box is selected. You
can define tapered ball endmills by designating a Draft Angle and Tip Radius. The Cutting
Diameter, Taper Angle and Flute Length specifications are interactive. For example, if you enter

35
 Tools

a Draft Angle of 10° and change the Cutting Diameter, the system recalculates the Flute Length
to maintain the specified Draft and Diameter.

1. Tool Length
2. Shank Diameter
3. Main Diameter
4. Top Corner Radius
5. Taper Angle
6. Bottom Corner Radius
7. Flute Length
8. Sharp Tip Diameter of Tapered Tool

Sharp Tip Diameter

The sharp tip diameter is used for tools with a taper angle. Changing the Draft Angle or Cutting
Diameter recalculates the Sharp Tip Diameter or the Flute Length.
Flute Length
When you select or type a value in the Sharp Tip Diameter box, the flute length is calculated.
Entering a value for the Flute Length recalculates the Sharp Tip Diameter.
Hollow Tool Diameter
The Hollow Tool Diameter specifies the center diameter of the non-cutting surface of the tool tip.

36
 Mill Tool Offset Data

MILL TOOL OFFSET DATA

This button is where you specify offset data. If Toolblocks have been enabled within
Machine Data (located in File>Intermediate Tooling), you can add a Toolblock to the Tool and its
Toolholder. The Toolblock and the Toolholder can be fully visualized to double-check
orientation.

With Toolblocks

Without Toolblocks

37
 Mill Tool Offset Data

Add Toolblock

Clicking this button searches all existing Toolblocks and displays the suitable ones in a
dropdown list. Scroll through using the slider bar. When a suitable block has been found click OK
to accept. Checking Quick View displays a static image of the Toolblock to enable rapid scrolling.
When unchecked, the view is fully interactive.
Remove Toolblock
Removes the selected toolblock.
Tool Offset Data
This is used to set distance between the toolgroup (tool attachment position) and the tool tip.
Specify Tool Offset is used to specify the actual distance measured along all 3 axes.

38
 Mill Tool Offset Data

Calculate Tool Offset will calculate this distance using the shift applied by a toolblock, plus the shift
from the tool holder and the tool shank, plus additional shifts in each axis that you provide here.
Note: The shift along the depth axis of the tool is equivalent to length out of holder for a milling
tool.

Attachment CS
If different attachment CS's are associated with the Toolblock they are displayed in a dropdown
list.
Orientation
If the Toolblock can be mounted in more than one orientation the options are displayed in the
dropdown list.
Toolblock Data
Displays the Toolblock data set up in Intermediate Tooling, including Name, Library location
(directory name), Type of Toolblock (Turn, Drill, Boring Bar, Cut Off, Right Angle and Live) and
Shank Size supported.

Preview ToolGroup
Checking this option opens a new window which displays an interactive view of the Toolgroup.

6. Right view (Shift-click Left view)

1. Redraw
7. Toggle edges display on/off
2. Unzoom
8. Toggle Display Current or All Blocks
3. Isometric
9. Toggle Display All Tools/Current
4. Top View (Shift-click Bottom View)
Tool
5. Front View (Shift-click Back view)

Tool Holder Definition

39
 Mill Tool Offset Data

Tool Holder Section

1. Tool Holder Options Dropdown

2. Show/Hide Holder
3. Show Tool Blocks
4. Unzoom
5. View Controls
6. Tool Holder
7. Tool/Holder display
8. Holder specification

View Controls
The Tool/Holder display is mouse-enabled. You can mouse-drag a rectangle to expand an area,
turn the mouse wheel to zoom in or out, or hold down the wheel and move the mouse to change
the view.
Show/Hide Holder
A thin blue line is drawn around the icon if holder is displayed.
Show/Hide Tool Blocks
A thin blue line is drawn around the icon if Intermediate Tooling toolblocks are displayed.
Unzoom
This is useful if you have expanded the tool using the mouse.
View control Dropdown
This allows you to choose from four preset views. (Catalog is only available for turning tools.)

Tool Holder Options Dropdown

Three options are provided to specify Tool Holders. The front end tool holders display during
Rendering using predefined or custom holders. Predefined holders are based on the Tool Holder
Class (the back end of the holder) selected in the Document Control dialog, see “Mill Class” on
page 12.
None
By default, the holder is set to None, meaning a holder is not used.
Custom
Choosing this option provides an Edit button. Click this to bring up the Custom Mill Holder dialog.

40
 Mill Tool Offset Data

Use this option if you wish to

create a custom holder shape.
You can define a holder using
a geometry profile, a solid
model of the holder, or
numeric values (Parametric).
Using a geometry profile is
similar to creating a custom
tool shape.

Solid
The Solid option allows you to use an existing solid to designate the tool holder. Select the
solid and click Use Selected Solid. Clicking Show Solid will display the custom holder associated
with the tool.
Profile
The Profile option allows you to utilize existing geometry to designate the tool holder. Select
the geometry and click Use Selected Profile.
Parametric
Define a custom holder using numeric values.

1. Diameter of the holder where it meets the

spindle face
2. Height of the holder from its bottom to the
spindle face.
3. Bottom corner radius value , otherwise "0"
4. Diameter at the bottom of the holder (Or
projected diameter, if the holder has a bottom
corner radius.)
5. Height from the bottom of the holder to the top
of its taper.

Specify Gage Length

Check this box and enter Gage Length if required. Available with Solid and Profile options.

Important information:
- Orientation

41
 Mill Tool Offset Data

In general, custom holder orientation is based on the orientation of the holder in machine
space. As GibbsCAM works primarily in part space, this is not always straightforward.
Mill custom solid tool holders are normally positioned such that the tool spin axis aligns
with the first part station's Z axis, regardless of the tool's actual orientation
- Positioning
Custom holders are placed relative to the first part station's origin. For mill tools, this
means that the tool attachment position (and therefore tool stickout and holder offsets)
are calculated from the origin. This is behavior is different from V10.7.

Positioning of Tool
Holders

1. Toolblock
2. Tool Holder
3. Tool
4. Toolblock CS
5. Tool attachment CS
6. Toolholder datum

- Offsets

When a custom holder is applied, the system will calculate holder offsets using data from
the Toolblock (if used) and the Toolholder. For more information on offsets see the Mill
Tool Offset Data section.

Tool Holder

When you select Tool Holder, a dropdown menu for Pre-defined Holder types is available and a
rendered image of the tool displays. You can choose from an extensive library of standard mill
tool holders. The specific holders available are based on three criteria: Tool Holder Class set,
Holder Type, and the size of the tool. You set Tool Holder Class in the Document Control dialog,

42
 Mill Tool Offset Data

see “Mill Class” on page 12. You select the Holder Type from the dropdown menu. The holders
are grouped by type, for example, Shrink Fit, Collet, and Rotary Clamp. If multiple holders are
available, you can scroll through the preview window to switch between the available holders.
The holder specs indicate how many holders are available for the current tool definition.

1. Tool Holder Type

2. Number of available holders and
specifications
3. Slider - use this to scroll through options.

Basic specifications of the holder are seen to the right of the tool and holder image. The
specifications shown for each are as follows:
Holder 1/(x):
Indicates how many holders are available for the tool within the holder class. Click the up or
down arrow to cycle through the list to choose the holder to you want to use.
Holder Class:
Shows the selection made in the Document Control dialog.
Front Length:
Length the holder extends from the flange.
Max Diameter:
Largest diameter of the holder.
Gage Length:
Distance from the face of the spindle to the end of the holder.

Setting the Pre-Defined Tool Holder

First, you must set the tool dimensions. The available holders are based on the tool size. You
select the tool, then you select the type of holder for the tool. Depending on your selection, one
or more valid tool holders are available. Scroll through the list to find the holder you want to use.
If no holders appear, then there are no available holders for the combination of tool size and
holder type specified.

• The overall tool length set in the tool dialog defines the distance from the tool tip
to the face of the tool holder.
• Note that if a tool holder is not defined, the overall length of a tool in the tool
dialog is the tool’s distance out of the spindle.
• Note that holders on vertical mills will need to be re-oriented to lie along the Z
axis.

43
 Mill Tool Offset Data

Tool Offset
When pocketing or contouring, the system calculates a tool offset amount based on the radius of
the tool. This is the amount the finishing pass of the toolpath (the only pass if contouring) will be
offset from the selected part geometry. If a stock amount is entered for the process, that stock
amount will be added to the tool radius offset.
When milling with tapered or pointed tools, the system calculates the tool offset based on the
Floor Z compared against the Surface Z. The Surface Z is the top surface of the material. The
Floor Z specifies the finished depth of the pocket or contour. These values are entered in the
Contouring and Roughing Process dialogs in the Entry/Exit Clearance Diagram.
The tool diameter used to calculate the offset amount is the diameter of the tool at the Surface Z.
In order for the system to correctly calculate the tool offset when using these tools, accurate
Floor Z and Surface Z positions must be entered in the Process dialogs.

1. Tool Diameter
2. Diameter used to calculate tool
offset
3. Surface Z
4. Floor Z
When milling with tools (both tapered and non-tapered) that have a bottom corner radius, the
system checks the bottom corner radius at the Floor Z compared against the Surface Z and
adjusts the tool offset amount accordingly.

1. Tool Diameter
2. Diameter used to calculate tool
offset
3. Surface Z
4. Floor Z

This offset calculation is useful when cutting pockets shallower than the corner radius on the
tool. Also, chamfering a pocket is easily accomplished by entering accurate Z positions in the
process dialog and entering a negative Stock value equal to the desired chamfer amount. The
system will correctly calculate the tool offset from the geometry when creating the toolpath in
order to correctly machine the chamfer.
Offset calculation with tapered tools is only made when Tool Center is selected for the Mill CRC
Type in the DCD, Machining Preferences tab.

44
 Mill Tool Offset Data

Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC)

The Machining Prefs tab of the Preferences dialog contains the Mill CRC Type and Turning CRC
Type options to control Cutter Radius Compensation with Contouring and Roughing operations.
Tool Center is the recommended option because that is the method used by the system to display
the toolpath (orange lines) and cut part rendered images. Regardless of the setting you choose,
all toolpath drawing and cut part rendering display as tool center.
To display the Machining Preferences:

1. From the File menu, select Preferences. The Preferences dialog appears.
2. Click the Machining Prefs tab.

Tool Center:
Numbers generated in the posted code are the geometry offset by a tip radius (providing the
Stock amount is 0). Tool Center is the recommended selection for this preference. When using
Tool Center, the offset in the CRC register at the control should be the difference between the tip
radius of the actual tool used and the tip radius of the tool programmed in the system. If the tools
are identical, the CRC offset number should be zero. If the actual tool is smaller, you can use a
negative value.
Tool Edge:
The offset in the CRC register must be the full tool radius. Toolpath is to the tool edge, including
tool geometry. You also need a post processor that supports Tool Edge output. If your post
processor is incompatible, a warning message appears. Numbers generated in the posted code
are the same as the blueprint numbers. When you select Tool Edge, the toolpath lines still display
as tool center. Tool Edge only affects the posted code. Toolpath in Roughing operations is
calculated from the tool center, unless in Tool Edge mode, in which case, (because we apply
CRC to the last pass only) the last pass will be calculated from the tool edge
When using Tool Edge, you should enter the radius of the actual tool in the CRC register. If you
use tapered tools or tools with corner radii, you must calculate the appropriate offset amount
based on the taper.
Finish Profile:
The output path is the profile that follows the selected geometry. The CRC register must contain
the full tool radius and any desired stock amount.

WARNING: The system does a much better job offsetting the tool than the majority
of controls currently available. Regardless of the setting made in this preference,
all toolpath drawing and cut part rendering is calculated and displayed using the
system’s offsetting mechanism. Therefore, it is possible for the cut part rendered
image produced by the system to look good while the tool, cutting according to the
posted code, will not cut well. If the control’s offsetting mechanism is less advanced
than the system’s, it is possible that when the control produces the offset values,
errors and interference will result.

45
 Processes

Processes
A process is a combination of a machining process and a tool instance. You apply a process or
combination of processes to the part geometry to create an operation.
For more information on processes, see the section on "Processes" in the Getting Started guide.

Mill Machining palette

Each tile in the Machining palette for Mill has a specific function.

Machining palette (Level 2)

Machining palette (Level 1)

Note: The processes that appear on the palette depend on which product options are licensed
and active. They also vary according to the Machine Definition Document (MDD) associated with
the Machine type currently specified in the Document Control dialog.
See “Function Tiles Available With Additional Product Options” on page 47.

Buttons: Do It, Redo

46
 Processes

Click the Do It button to create new operations after you complete the Process tiles and select a
cut shape.
The Redo button is available when existing Operation tiles are selected. Its availability indicates
that these operations can be reprocessed.
These buttons are documented fully in the Getting Started guide.

Function Tiles and Controls for Basic Milling Machines

Tile Process
You use the Holes function to drill and bore holes at defined point or circle
locations. Multiple hole operations created from one Process list generate a
subprogram of the selected pattern of points or circles in the posted output. You
can also use the Holes function in conjunction with the Roughing and Contouring
functions to drill entry holes.

The Contouring function takes a single pass along a shape or engraving.

The Roughing function removes material from the inside of a closed shape, or to
face mill.

The Thread Milling function creates ID and OD threads at defined point or circle
locations.

Function Tiles Available With Additional Product Options

Tile Process

The Surfacing, Advanced 3D Machining, Plunge Rough and Eccentric and

Elliptical Turning functions generate 3D toolpath on solids and sheets. For more
information on these functions, as well as the Part Body, Local Fixtures, and
Local Stock buttons, see the SolidSurfacer guide.

47
 Processes

Tile Process

The Utility operation function tile is available only if the MDD and VMM support
utility operations on multi-task machines. For information on standard utility ops
like Move Tool Group (MTG), see the Multi-Task Machining (MTM) guide. For
information on custom utility ops provided with custom VMMs, refer to the
material supplied with your MTM package.

The Radial Contouring and Radial Pocketing functions generate toolpath for
machines capable of performing radial milling. For more information, see the
Radial Milling (4-Axis) guide.

The 5-Axis function generates toolpath for machines capable of conventional 5-

axis milling (3 linear axes + 2 rotary axes). For more information, see the 5-Axis
guide.

The VoluMill function generates ultra high-performance toolpath (UHPT) in

place of traditional roughing methods when the emphasis is on reducing cycle
times, extending tool life, and reducing the stress on machine tools. For more
information, see the VoluMill guide.
When the machine is capable of both milling and
turning operations, its Machining palette has two
dropdown sections. These dropdowns display the
Turning and Mill Machining options available for the
MDD in use, providing access to both types of
machining in one palette.

Process Dialogs
Process dialogs appear on the screen when you drag a Function Tile from the Machining palette
and a Tool Tile from the Tool List to a Process List tile. The options available with each of these
processes are described in this section.
l Holes Process, next
l Contour Process

48
 Processes

l Roughing Process
l Thread Milling Process

Process dialog tabs have several states to help you set operation parameters. The tabs appear
as gray, black (normal), or bold, depending on whether they apply to the current process
settings. Gray tabs, as usual, are not available to the current process. Tabs that are bold have a
direct effect on the toolpath you are going to generate and the items in the tab must be set. Items
in the normal (black) text generally do not have any effect on your toolpath.

Customizing Process Groups

The Select Process Type dialog can be customized. You can choose which processes are
displayed and also create custom profiles based on your MDD type and Processes available.
Right-click the title bar of the Select Process Type dialog and choose Customize Process Groups as
shown below.

You can now edit an existing group or create your own using the Group Tab.
Checking/unchecking the Groups will turn on/off the display of existing process groups.

In the Processes Tab you can view available processes and MDD types. To create your own
process list simply drag the required processes in or out of the Select Process Type dialog.

49
 Processes

Saving and Loading Customization Profiles

The bottom of the dialog has two buttons: Save lets you save the current customization settings in
a *.cus file for later reuse; Load opens a dialog that lets you find and use a previously saved
*.cus file.

Note: When you load a package file (*.gcpkg) that contains

user interface customizations, the system offers you the option
of applying or rejecting the customizations before loading the
package contents.

Mill Feature Tab

The Mill Feature page offers the following types of controls:
l “Attribute-Driven Controls” below
l “Absolute-Only Controls” on page 51

Attribute-Driven Controls
The attribute-driven controls consist of five pull-down menus. Four of them (Approach Z, Retract Z,
Top Surface Z, and Feature Depth Z) let you set depth values. The fifth (Mach. CS) lets you specify
the machining CS.
Choices in the pull-down menus include the following:
Absolute

50
 Processes

For Approach Z or Retract Z, Absolute specifies that the depth comes directly from the value
specified in the depths diagram. (For example, for Approach Z, the value would come from the
depth specified for Clearance Plane.)
For Mach. CS, Absolute specifies that the CS comes directly from the value specified in the
Mach. CS pull-down menu below depths diagram.

From Attribute
Specifies that the depth comes from picking an attribute associated with the user feature. When
this choice is active, another pull-down menu appears immediately below. For depth values, this
lets you pick from a list of all Real-type attributes for the user feature. For Mach. CS, this lets you
pick from a list of all Integer-type attributes for the user feature.
Automatic
Top Surface Z and Feature Depth Z only. Specifies that the system will retrieve the value directly
from the geometry of the user feature. For Top Surface Z only: Enables the Auto+ textbox in the
Depths diagram. This lets you specify an incremental value above the Top Surface Z0 value,
which might be either the top surface of the part or the floor of a pocket.
Incremental
Approach Z only. Specifies that the value comes the distance specified for the distance between
the Clearance Plane and the Top Surface.
Same as Approach Z
Retract Z only. Specifies that the tool retracts to the same depth as its initial approach.
Reset All to Absolute
Clicking this button affects the settings of all attribute-driven controls — the pull-down menus on
the left. Any settings that are dependent on other parameters (such as Incremental or Automatic,
or derived from attributes or features), are changed to Absolute.

Absolute-Only Controls
The absolute-only controls consist of two option buttons controlling the depths diagram, the
values in the depths diagram itself, and a pull-down menu of choices for Machining CS.

Holes Process
The Holes process is used to drill, tap, or counter-bore selected points, circles or hole features
and it can be used to drill entry holes for other processes. When the Drilling Function tile is
combined with a Tool tile, the Holes Process dialog will appear on the screen.
The six potential tabs for the Holes process are:
l Drill
l Hole Feature
l Bore
l Pre-Mill

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l Mill Feature
l Rotate

The tabs for Hole Feature and Pre-Mill are never both bold at the same time, because their
parameters are never operative simultaneously. The following rules govern how a tab’s
parameters are shown, available, and operative:

1. When a tab’s name is bold black, its parameters are operative: in other words, its settings
and values will be used when the toolpath is generated. For example, parameters in the
Drill tab are always operative, but parameters in the Holes Feature tab are operative only
when the Process List consists entirely of Holes processes.
2. When a tab’s name is unbolded black, it is available, but its parameters are inoperative in
the current circumstances. For example, parameters in the Pre-Mill tab are always
available, but they become operative only when the Process list contains a non-Hole
process. Similarly, parameters in the Mill Feature tab become operative only if Pre-Mill is
bolded, Bore is not bolded, and a mill feature is selected.
3. When a tab’s name is gray, it is unavailable, but it can be made available by changing a
setting within the dialog. For example, the Bore tab is always shown, but it is available only
when the choice for Drill > Entry/Exit Cycle is Rough Mill Bore or Finish Mill Bore. When a
tab is not available, its parameters are inoperative.
4. When a tab is not shown, it can only be made available by changing a setting outside the
dialog. For example, the Rotate tab is shown only when the current MDD supports
rotation. When a tab is not shown, its parameters are unavailable and inoperative.

Drill tab
Entry/Exit Cycle
The selections made here determine the cycle that the tool will use to make its hole features.
The choices include: Drill, Tap, Peck, Other, and Mill Bore.
Drill
Feed In - Rapid Out
Rapid retract to exit clearance plane.
Feed In – Feed Out
Feed back out to Exit Clearance Plane.
Tap
Tap
Tapping for spring-loaded tap holder.
Rigid Tap
Tapping for a rigid solid holder without tension/compression. Spindle rotation and feedrate are
synchronized to match a specific thread pitch.
Peck Tap - Full Out
After each peck, reverse spindle direction and retract to the clearance plane.
Peck Tap - Retract
After each peck, reverse spindle direction and retract by the given amount.

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Peck:
Peck - Full Out
After each peck, rapid out to the clearance plane, then rapid back into the hole to within the
given clearance amount of the previous peck depth before feeding to the next peck depth.
Peck - Chip Break
After each peck, rapid retract by the given amount before feeding to the next peck depth.
Var. Peck - Full Out
This allows for variable parameters to be input for Peck - Full Out.
Var. Peck - Chip Break
This allows for variable parameters to be input for Peck - Chip Break.
Other:
Gun Drill
Mill Bore:
Rough Mill Bore, Finish Mill Bore, and Helix Bore.

The Rough Mill Bore option works like a Roughing operation in that it will clear out a designated
area as defined by the information entered in the Bore tab. The Finish Mill Bore option works
similarly to a Contouring operation in that it will only take a finish pass as defined by the
information entered in the Bore tab. Please note that output from these three extended cycles
(Bore, Fine Bore, and Back Bore) requires a modified post processor; if you try to use one of
these cycles with a post that does not support them, you will receive an error message.

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Material
Clicking this button opens the Materials dialog, where you can select and edit materials. For a
full description of the Material Database, see the Common Reference guide.
RPM
The value entered is the rate of the spindle measured in revolutions per minute. Clicking the
button loads a recommended speed from the Material Database based on the part material and
tool composition.

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Feed
The value entered designates the rate that the tool will be moving when it enters the material,
measured in inches per minute or millimeters per minute. Feed is active only when the selected
Entry/Exit Cycle is Feed In - Rapid Out, Feed In - Feed Out, Peck Full Out, or Peck Chip Break. Clicking the
button loads a recommended speed from the Material Database based on the part material and
tool composition.
Cut Feed
Cut Feed is active only when the selected Entry/Exit Cycle is Rough Mill Bore or Finish Mill Bore.

Tap %
The value entered here specifies the percentage of the feedrate that will be used on the tapping
cycle. This text box appears onlywhen the selected Entry/Exit Cycle is Tap.
Dwell
The value entered in this text box lets you specify the amount of time in seconds that the drill will
pause at the bottom of the hole with the spindle on. The dwell option is available in all drill cycles
(excluding Mill Bore cycles).
Clearance
This text box is active only when the selected Entry/Exit Cycle is Peck Full Out. The value entered
specifies the incremental distance away from the material from which the tool will start its next
peck.
Peck Amounts
This option button is selectable only when the selected Entry/Exit Cycle is either Peck Full Out or
Peck Chip Break. The value entered specifies the depth the tool will plunge on each peck.

% of Tool Diameter
This option button is selectable only when the selected Entry/Exit Cycle is either Peck Full Out or
Peck Chip Break. These are similar to Peck Amounts but as a percentage of tool diameter.

View Peck Depths

For Variable Peck cycles, the Peck Depths dialog gives you fine control over the toolpath you
want.

Please Note: (Posting) This feature might require a post modification if you require
canned cycle output for your NC control. Or, if you are already using macro cycles for any
of these types, you can continue to do so without problems.

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 Processes

Retract / Pull-Off
The Retract text box is active only when the selected Entry/Exit Cycle is Peck Chip Break. The value
entered specifies the amount that the tool will retract after each peck.
The Pull-Off text box is available only for Fine Bore and Back Bore. The value entered specifies the
amount that the tool will move in Z+ for pecks or retracts.
1 Direction
Your machine must support this option for it to be effective. When this checkbox is selected, all
tools will approach each hole from the same direction (a positive axis move), eliminating
backlash from the ball screws of the machine. A custom post processor is required for this
function to work.
Drill Depths Diagram
The values set here specify the clearance and cut depth values for the process. The depths
diagram will change to one of three appearances depending on the type of tool you have
designated for the process. The depths and clearances are fully detailed in Diagram Options.
Transition between Holes

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 Processes

R Level specifies that moves between holes in the operation will be done at the level entered for
the Entry Clearance Plane. Clicking the Load H1 D button loads the depth of the first selected
point or circle into this box.
Part Clearance specifies that the tool will retract to the operation’s clearance plane, then rapid to
the Master Clearance Plane also known as as CP1, set in the Document Control dialog (shown
as a fixed value), move to the next hole, and rapid down to the operation clearance plane before
drilling.
Absolute Z with a user-specified number allows for a custom level that the tool will use when
travelling between holes. The tool rapids from this level to the Entry Clearance plane, reducing
the program time.
Hole Feature will retract the tool to the top of the Hole Feature plus the top clearance amount
specified in the Hole Manager.
Vary Depth With Geometry
This option will cause the drilling depth to be variable, based on the selected geometry. The
retracts will all be to the same level, but the final Tip Z or Full Diameter Z are relative to the
geometry, based on the first selected point. Turning this item off allows a constant Z depth drill
process to be defined from geometry at different depths. This could be very useful for constant
depth spot drilling. When this option is selected, the Post Processor will not have the option to
combine similar holes into subprograms.
Reverse Order
This option reverses the direction of the hole selection order.

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 Processes

Gun Drill

Gun Drill is a specialized drilling cycle designed for drilling straight and accurate holes with a very
high depth-to-diameter ratio (between 10:1 and 100:1 or more). Successful Gun Drilling requires
special tooling, high-pressure thru-tool oil-based coolant, several unique process parameters,
and a good understanding of the process.
A pilot hole must be drilled first, with a slightly larger diameter than the gun drill’s diameter, and
to a depth of at least one or two times the diameter.
The Gun Drilling cycle will approach the pilot hole with the drill stopped or spinning slowly at the
Approach RPM. If your Approach RPM is too high, you are likely damage the drill. Check Rev. Spin
Dir. During Approach to spin the tool backward instead of forward while it is entering the pilot hole;
consult your tool manufacturer’s recommendations to see if this is necessary. Pilot Depth is the
depth that it is safe to move the tool into the pilot hole at the Approach Feed (i.e. not cutting); this
should stop slightly short of the bottom of your previously-drilled pilot hole. If you checked Prog.
Stop after Approach, the machine will stop here so you can inspect your setup.

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 Processes

Next, the tool will spin up to the specified drilling RPM and Feedrate, and drill the hole. When it
reaches the final depth of the hole, it will pause for the specified Dwell amount. If you have
checked Prog. Stop at Depth, the machine will also stop here so you can inspect your part.
You can feed the drill back out to the pilot hole at either the drilling speed and feed or a different
speed and feed. To feed out to the pilot hole at a different speed or feed, select Change
Feed/Speed at Depth. The cycle will engage your Final RPM at the hole depth and feed back to the
pilot at the Final Feed. If you prefer to feed out at the drilling speed and feed, select Retract to Pilot,
then Change. If you checked Prog. Stop after Retract, the machine will stop when the pilot depth is
reached again, allowing you to inspect the hole or remove the tool manually. Then, the Final RPM
and Final Feed will be used to exit the pilot hole, unless you have selected Stop Spindle Before Exit,
in which case the spindle will be stopped while feeding out of the pilot hole at the Final Feed, until
the hole’s exit clearance value is reached.

Diagram Options
End mills, shell and face mills, thread mills, keyway cutters, bores, taps, spot face tools,
reamers, and form tools generate a mill-style depth diagram. Drills, center drills, spot drills,
countersinks and roundover tools generate a drill-style depth diagram. Back bores generate a
diagram specifically for performing a back bore process. Additionally, the diagram might have
several extra depth fields if you have selected the Dimension from Hole option.

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Mill style

1. Entry Clearance Plane

2. Exit Clearance Plane
Drill style 3. Drill Surface Z
4. Sharp Tip Z or Floor Z
5. Spot Diameter
6. Full Diameter Z

Back Bore

When you set a drill-style process, the values for Drill Surface Z, Sharp Tip Z, Spot Diameter,
and Full Diameter Z are interactive and calculated from the tool information as well as values
entered. Red arrows are drawn to show you what will change when you modify a value.
Entry Clearance Plane
Specifies the position the tool will rapid to when approaching the part.
Exit Clearance Plane
Specifies the position the tool will feed to when retracting from the part.
Drill Surface Z
Specifies the Z position of the top surface of the material. When a back bore process is being
defined, the values for the Drill Surface Z and Floor Z are absolute from the Z axis part origin.
Thus, if the part is 50mm deep and the bore hole is 40mm deep, the value for Surface Z should

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be -50 and the value for Floor Z should be -10. The functionality of retract values remains
unchanged.
Spot Diameter
specifies the diameter of the hole at the Drill Surface Z. This is useful when counter-sinking.
Full Diameter Z
Specifies the lowest Z depth the full diameter of the tool will plunge when drilling.
Sharp Tip Z
When you set a mill-style or back bore process, this is the Floor Z value. This item specifies the
final Z depth of the tool tip, and it is the number that will be used in the posted output of the
finished code. If a Full Diameter Z is entered, then the Sharp Tip Z will be calculated from the tool
diameter and the tip angle; otherwise, you can simply enter the desired Sharp Tip Z.
Dimension from Hole or Tool
This option lets you decide how to define the drilling process. To use Dimension from Tool, you set
the Surface Z and Full Diameter Depth or Tip Depth values. Dimension from Hole is commonly
used if you want to determine the toolpath not from the tool but from the hole itself, which can be
geometry or a solid. Dimension from Hole is also very useful for multi-tool machining on a hole,
e.g. spot, pre-drill, drill, and tap. Selecting Dimension from Hole adds several values that you can
set to control the tool, based on what the hole should be.
Incremental Depth
This value is an incremental distance (with polarity) from the Top Surface Z value.

1. Incremental Hole Depth

2. Hole Depth
3. Tip Distance

Hole Depth
The absolute depth position of the hole depth.
Tip Distance
Distance you want the tool to be from the bottom of the hole.
The Dimension From Tool and Dimension From Hole options show the same data, but they do so in
two different ways. A side-by-side comparison shows the similarities and differences. This
should allow you to decide which is best in a particular situation.
The images below show the same process, toggled between the two options. In the Depth From
Tool option, observe that the top of the part is at 4 and the tip is being sent to 2.9, resulting in the
full diameter falling at approximately 3. The process data knows nothing about the actual hole. In

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the Depth From Hole item, observe that the top of the part is still 4, but additional data has been.
For example, it specifies that the tip of the tool should remain 0.1 off the bottom of the hole (#1).
It also specifies that the bottom of the hole is at 3 (#2). The act of setting this value supplied two
other values: The hole is -1 from the top surface (#3), and the full diameter will fall at
approximately 3 (#4).

Dimension From Tool Dimension From Hole

Load H1D
Clicking this button will load the depth of the first selected point into the Tip Z depth box. This is
useful when there are many holes and when finding the first hole might be difficult, especially
when using variable-depth geometry.

Other Common Controls

Coolant
The checkbox indicates whether coolant is turned on in a process. Flood is the standard coolant
option. Additional coolant options are available with custom post processors.
Pattern
When the Pattern checkbox is selected, the process will create identical toolpaths in different
locations on the part. The toolpath generated will be cut once for each point in the selected
pattern workgroup. The pattern workgroup, which is selected from the adjacent pop-up menu,
contains unconnected, plain points that serve as origin points for the toolpath created by the
process. The original toolpath created will NOT be cut unless the origin point for that toolpath is
included in the pattern workgroup. Posted output will create one subprogram for the primary
toolpath and call that subprogram once for each point in the pattern workgroup. For more
information, see Pattern.
Mach. CS
The Mach. CS drop-down list appears on this tab when a 3-axis MDD is active. For more
information, see Mach. CS .

Hole Feature Tab

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 Processes

The Hole Feature tab provides a very powerful way to generate drilling and threading processes
and must be used in conjunction with the Hole Manager feature. Processes can be applied to the

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individual data of each of the holes selected within the Hole Manager. Also, if a tool is substituted
the values in the Process will automatically adjust without further need to open the process.
Please note: It is not advisable to mix processes where some contain "from attribute" or "from
feature" and some do not. When GibbsCAM encounters this, processes set to "from attribute" or
"from feature" are always machined first.
The parameters in the tab become operative only if hole features have been created or loaded
by Hole Manager. Use Hole Manager to select holes, edit and recognize hole features, sort
machining order, and so forth. If no Hole Manager data is applied to holes, then the Hole Feature
tab is not bold and its parameters are inoperative — that is, their settings and values have no
effect on the generated toolpath. Ensure the Hole Manager dialog is left open.

Please be aware that all settings for segments use data from the FIRST hole
selected. We call this the Reference hole. It is therefore most important that you
have selected the correct hole.

Settings, Options, and Parameters

R Level
For the Threading process, this control is named: Approach Z.
This is the Top of hole ("D") measurement including the Top Clearance value. In the Hole
Feature tab, in addition to options for Absolute and Incremental, there is an option for From Hole
Feature.

Absolute
Enter a value for Entry Clearance Plane.
Incremental
Enter the distance between entry plane and surface.
From Hole Feature
This option will cause the retract level to be variable for each hole feature. The retract amount
is relative to the settings for the Reference hole (See note above).

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 Processes

The illustration shows an example with twelve drill holes. The Hole Manager was used to
create hole features (points with data about the hole dimensions) and a drilling process was
applied. We can see the toolpath using different retract levels and even different cut depths
on the 8th through 10th holes.
If we look at the toolpath in a linear fashion, we can see more clearly what is happening. The
tool drills the holes at the top of the part and moves to the second set of holes. The retracts
for the second set of holes are the same amount shifted down in Z. This is repeated for all
holes at a given Z depth. The interesting part is the set of three holes at Z4. The toolpath
does not go as deep as the other holes. This is the associativity between the Hole Manager
and the toolpath generation. The system knows this hole is only 1 inch deep where the other
holes are 2 inches.

1. Master Clearance Plane

2. Retract Amount
3. Smaller step due to hole
depth

At Op End
For the Threading process, this control is named: Retract Z.
This is the exit clearance plane and can either be Absolute or the Same as R Level.
Top Surface Z
For the Threading process, this control is named: Top of Thread.

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 Processes

You can choose an Absolute value or use the Top of hole data from the Hole Manager (which will
be variable for each hole feature).
You can choose the start depth to be at the Segment Start or Segment End of any one of the
segments that are part of the Reference hole (See note above). All segments that form part of
the Reference Hole are displayed in a dropdown, numerically from top to bottom. The diameter
and machining method of each segment are shown in brackets. The top clearance box is greyed
out when the Top of Hole or Segment options are chosen, as the value is automatically drawn
from the Hole Manager.
Feature Depth Z
For the Threading process, this control is named: Bottom of Thread.

Feature Depth Z contains the same choices as the previous "Z depth" options located on the Hole
Feature tab prior to GibbsCAM Version 10.8. An Absolute value can be entered, or you can
specify the Top of hole, the (single) Chamfer depth, or the Mid Depth of the hole.
Bottom of Hole, Segment Start and Segment End options get their values automatically from the Hole
Manager, where holes can be compound, with multiple segments and chamfers. Choose the end
depth to be either the Segment Start or Segment End of a particular segment. A dropdown will
list all segments (with their diameter and machining methods) that are part of the Reference
hole (as in Start Depth above).
If you choose Bottom of Hole, Segment Start or Segment End, an additional Clearance adjustment value
can be entered which is then added to the end depth. There is also an Adjust for Tool Tip
checkbox which, when enabled, sends the shoulder of the tool to the segment start.

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Feature Depth Z options:

1. Segment start
2. Segment start with clearance amount
(negative shown)
3. Adjust for tooltip - sends the shoulder of the
tool to the Segment start (this may cause
gouging depending on the tool)

Machining CS
Absolute enables the Mach CS: dropdown on the right of the dialog and enables you to choose in
which CS to machine. From Hole Feature will use the value from the Hole Feature, which means
that you can machine in all orientations.
Reset All to Absolute
Clicking this button will reset previously used parameters back to "Absolute".
Depths Diagram
The process parameters for a Hole Feature are different than the standard Drill or Threading
parameters. The values are interactive, meaning that changing one can change one or more
other values. The change is based on the size of the tool and also on parameters in the process
dialog. Greyed-out values are calculated automatically based on values in the Hole Manager.

1. Incremental R Level (for Drilling; or, for 7. If R Level (or Approach Z) is set to Incremental:
Threading, Approach Z) Incremental distance between entry plane and
2. Operation Clearance Plane top surface of part
3. Top Surface Z 8. If Op End (or, for Threading, Retract Z) is set to
4. Depth of hole to tip of tool Absolute: Exit Clearance Plane
5. Incremental depth of hole 9. Spot diameter
6. Absolute hole depth 10. Full diameter Z.

Incremental R Level / Approach Z

Incremental value that lets you move the tool tip above R Level (for Drilling; or, for Threading,
Approach Z). Default: 0. The level where the tool will rapid to (before beginning the op) and
rapid from (after ending the op). This is in additional amount to the Top Clearance level set in
the Hole Manager. On holes subsequent to the first, the tool will retract to the next Top
Clearance Plane to give variable retract levels.

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 Processes

Operation Clearance Plane

Z level that the tool will rapid to before beginning the drill cycle.
Top Surface Z
Z position of the top surface of the first hole. Unless the value is Absolute, this is greyed out,
as the value is automatically inserted from settings in the Hole Manager.
Depth of hole to tip of Tool
Typing a value in the Dimension from Hole dialog automatically calculates and displays the
corresponding spot diameter and full diameter depth.
Incremental Depth
An incremental distance (with polarity) from the Top Surface Z value.
Absolute Hole Depth
Absolute depth position of the hole depth. Can be entered directly or calculated from the Top
Surface Z and the Incremental Hole Depth.
Incremental distance
Distance between the entry plane and the top surface of the part.
Exit Clearance Plane
Position to which the tool will rapid to before performing the next operation.
Spot Diameter
Entering a desired spot diameter will automatically calculate the corresponding tool tip and
tool diameter depths. This is useful when counter-sinking. The maximum is the full tool
diameter.
Full Diameter Z
The lowest Z depth to which the full diameter of the tool will plunge when drilling. By entering
a value, the system will automatically calculate and display the corresponding stop diameter
and tip depth.
Transition between Holes

R Level specifies that moves between holes in the operation will be done at the level entered for
the Entry Clearance Plane. Clicking the Load H1 D button loads the depth of the first selected
point or circle into this box.
Part Clearance specifies that the tool will retract to the operation’s clearance plane, then rapid to
the Master Clearance Plane, also known as as CP1, set in the Document Control dialog (shown
as a fixed value), move to the next hole and rapid down to the operation clearance plane before
drilling.

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Absolute Z with a user-specified number allows for a custom level that the tool will use when
travelling between holes. The tool rapids from this level to the Entry Clearance plane, reducing
the program time.
Hole Feature will retract the tool to the top of the Hole Feature plus the top clearance amount
specified in the Hole Manager.
Segment
If you choose Start Depth or End Depth using Segment options, the Segment matching area of the
dialogue becomes active. This is used to match the correct segment of each selected hole,
based on the segments of the Reference Hole (See note above). If a subsequent hole has a
feature not present in the Reference Hole, this will be ignored.

The segment matching option is a powerful function within the Hole Manager. Segment
matching uses the Reference Hole and matches the segments within that hole with all other
holes situated anywhere on the part. These can then be machined within the same operation.
Match Segment by Index
Selecting this option will machine every hole selected, in the order they were selected, in the
same way as the Reference hole.
Match Segment by Properties
For each Hole Feature, you can choose to match the properties of the selected segment from
the Reference hole. Only the selected properties will be matched. These can be very
powerful, but care must be taken. The following match parameters are available and can be
used in combination:
Length
If the length of the segment of a chosen Reference hole is of equal length to any segment
within other selected holes, then the first segment found in the hole will be machined. If a
second equal-length segment exists within one of the selected holes, then this will not be
found.
Diameter
If the diameter in the segment of the chosen Reference Hole matches the diameter in any
segment of other selected holes, then these will also be machined.

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Taper
If the taper angle in the segment of the chosen Reference Hole matches the taper angle in
any segment of other selected holes, then these will also be machined.
Machining Method
This will match the Machining method defined for the segment in the chosen Reference
Hole.

Example of matching by Properties

We set the Hole Feature
Tab to drill the second
segment of the Reference
hole (1) and to match the
diameter on subsequent
holes.

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Example of matching by Properties

We again matched the third
segment of the Reference
hole, but also checked
Match Machining Method,
which is Drill for all holes
except the third hole, which
is set to Bore/Mill - this is
therefore not drilled.

Bore Tab

When the Rough Mill Bore, Finish Mill Bore, or Helix Bore options are selected, the Bore tab becomes
available to define the operation. The options are detailed below.

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 Processes

Bore Diameter
The Bore Diameter setting is the final diameter of the bore as measured to the edge of the tool.
Use Circle Diameter where available
When checked, if at least one arc or circle is selected, the diameter of the helical toolpath will
match the selected arc or circle instead of the Bore Diameter value.
Clearance Diameter (Rough Mill Bore or Finish Mill Bore)
The Clearance Diameter specifies the size of the area or entry hole that the tool has available. This
value and the Bore Diameter determine how much material must be removed.
Clearance Amount (Rough Mill Bore or Finish Mill Bore)
The tool will rapid from the bore center to this distance from the Clearance Diameter. The tool feeds
from the Clearance Amount to the Clearance Diameter.
Finish Entry/Exit
The values entered in these text boxes add radius and/or line moves at the beginning and end of
the last pass of the roughing toolpath. If a radius value is entered, a 90° arc of the specified
radius will be added at the beginning and end of the finish pass of the pocket. If a Min. Line value
is entered in addition to a radius value, a line of the specified length will be added tangent to the

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 Processes

entry/exit radius. If an entry/exit radius is not being used, a line of the specified length will be
added perpendicular to the first and last move of the finish pass on the roughing toolpath. Some
machines require a Min. Line entry.
The illustration shows toolpath generated by a bore operation. The black lines are toolpath. The
blue circles are geometry. An extra circle has been added to show the clearance diameter.

1. Bore Diameter
2. Clearance Diameter
3. Approach Angle
4. Clearance Amount
5. Min Line

Rough Bore and Finish Bore diagrams

Start/Finish at Center
When these checkboxes are selected, the tool will enter and exit at the center of the bore hole.
Z Step Settings (Rough Mill Bore and Finish Mill Bore)
When you specify a value for Desired Z Step, the system uses the Desired Z Step value and the
Floor Z value to calculate the Actual Z Step and the number of Passes that will need to be made.
Z Pitch (Helix Bore)
This defines the desired Z pitch per 360 degrees of motion.
Rapid in (Helix Bore)
When this is selected, then the tool will rapid from the Entry Clearance Z level to the Z Start
Level. If it is not selected, then the tool will feed in.
Spiral Up (Helix Bore)
Generates a helical toolpath upon retract, where 360 degrees represents one revolution.
Spiral
Rough Mill Bore strategy allows Spiral boring. This option cuts a spiral out to full diameter at each Z
step, in contrast to Helix Bore which helixes down in Z before stepping out to the diameter. Spiral
boring produces a more consistent tool load without full engagement, which lets you
substantially increase your cutting feedrate, cut depth, or both, to clear the bore more quickly.
Cut Width
The value entered specifies the width that the tool will move out on each pass. This value
automatically defaults to half of the tool diameter. If the value is made smaller, then the passes
will overlap. If the value is made larger, then areas may be left uncut.

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Stock
The value entered for Stock is the amount of material that will be left on the wall of the bore hole.
A positive stock amount will leave material on the hole and a negative stock amount will cut into
the hole geometry.
Overlap
An Overlap value forces the endpoint of the toolpath to extend past the start point by the specified
amount.
Spring Passes
The number entered is the number of extra times the final pass will be made.
Approach Angle
The angle from 0° (standard Cartesian measurement) that the tool will begin to cut the part.
Add Legacy Depth Feeds
Transitions between depths for Rough Mill Bore and Finish Mill Bore are improved, eliminating and
shortening redundant depth moves. This more-efficient toolpath is enabled by default; to disable
it, check Add Legacy Depth Feeds on the Bore tab, to allow subroutine output on older mill
postprocessors without a post modification.
Cutter Radius Compensation On
This indicates whether Cutter Radius Compensation is turned on or off.
Climb / Conventional
This set of option buttons lets you specify the direction the tool will travel, either making a Climb
cut or a Conventional cut.

Conventional Climb

Pre-Mill Tab
The Holes process has an option to specifically define entry holes and corner drilling for milling
and VoluMill operations. Separate operations will be made for Entry and Corner pre-mill
selections. Thus, if both Entry and Corner are both selected in the Pre-Mill tab, two operations will
be generated. The items found in this tab are used with multi-process operations and will not
generate anything unless a milling process is also in the process list. When a drilling process
and one or more milling processes are in the process list, the Pre-Mill tab is bold.
Max Tool Overlap
This option specifies the maximum percentage of a tool’s diameter that tools may overlap when
entering the toolpath, useful if there are drill holes near each other. Negative values are valid and
will keep tools apart.

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Entry
This option will drill an entry hole at any start point for the roughing or contouring toolpath.
Please note that if a drill is significantly larger than the tool it is creating an entry for, the drill may
gouge the part. Be sure to inspect your toolpath.
Auto Z
This option will override the Z Depth specified in the clearances diagram. The drill will go to
the Z Depth of the pocket floor. When this option is off, the pre-mill operation will cut straight
to the final Z of the drilling operation. This option should be used with caution.
Z Clearance
This option will modify the drilling depth. A positive value will keep the drill tip above the
pocket floor while a negative value will send the drill deeper. Essentially this value will be
subtracted from the milling Z Depth. Thus if a milling operation specifies to cut to -0.5” and
the Z clearance is 0.1” then the drilling operation will be to -0.4”.
Corner
This option will drill a hole at any qualifying corner of the roughing or contouring toolpath. This
can minimize the amount of uncut material left for a finishing pass. This results in less tool
deflection, longer tool life and a better finish. Please note that if a drill is significantly larger than
the tool it is creating an entry for, the drill may gouge the part. Be sure to inspect your toolpath.
Max Angle
The maximum angle between lines that will be used to determine whether two lines constitute
a corner or not. All lines that meet within this angle will be considered a corner. Larger angles
will not leave as much uncut material as sharper corners do.
Sharp
When this option is selected, any Sharp corners (not rounded or filleted corners) will be drilled.
A Clearance Amount may be entered. The hole will be drilled this distance from the edges that
make the corner. Larger clearance amounts will leave more uncut material for the finish tool.
Fillet Center
When this option is checked, any corners that have a fillet between the Min. Radius and Max.
Radius will have a hole drilled at the centerpoint of the fillet.

The illustration demonstrates corner drilling. Looking counter-clockwise from the top right there
is a sharp corner drill with a clearance value, a fillet corner drill at the fillet’s centerpoint, and an
entry point for the contouring operation. Note that the large fillet and obtuse angle were not
drilled. These values were beyond the operation’s tolerances.

Illustration of Corner Drilling

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Mill Feature Tab for Holes

The Mill Feature page of the Holes process dialog offers the following types of controls:
l “Attribute-Driven Controls” below
l Absolute-Only Controls

In the context of hole creation, Mill Feature is intended only for pre-drilling. Therefore, its settings
are inoperative when the Bore tab is bolded (for Drill Entry/Exit Cycle choices Rough Mill Bore, Finish
Mill Bore and Helix Bore).

Attribute-Driven Controls
The attribute-driven controls, on the left side of the Mill Feature page, consist of five pull-down
menus. Four of them (R Level, At Op End, Top Surface Z, and Feature Depth Z) let you set depth
values. The fifth (Mach. CS) lets you specify the machining CS. The pull-downs for R Level,
At Op End, and (Mach. CS) are also displayed on the Drill page.

Choices offered by the pull-down menus include the following:

Absolute
For R Level or At Op End, Absolute specifies that the depth comes directly from the value specified
in the depths diagram. (For example, for R Level, the value would come from the depth specified
for Clearance Plane.)
For Mach. CS, Absolute specifies that the CS comes directly from the value specified in the
Mach. CS pull-down menu below depths diagram.

From Attribute
Specifies that the depth comes from picking an attribute associated with the user feature. When
this choice is active, another pull-down menu appears immediately below. For depth values, this
lets you pick from a list of all Real-type attributes for the user feature. For Mach. CS, this lets you
pick from a list of all Integer-type attributes for the user feature.
Automatic
Top Surface Z and Feature Depth Z only. Specifies that the system will retrieve the value directly
from the geometry of the user feature.
Incremental
R Level only. Specifies that the value comes from the distance specified for the distance
between the Clearance Plane and the Top Surface.
Same as R Level
At Op End only. Specifies that the tool retracts to the same depth as its initial approach.
Reset All to Absolute
Click this button to set all controls to "Absolute"

Absolute-Only Controls

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The absolute-only controls on the right side of the Mill Feature page consist of two option buttons
controlling the depths diagram, the values in the depths diagram itself, three option buttons
controlling the retract level, and a pull-down menu of choices for Machining CS.

All of the absolute-only controls are also displayed on the Hole Feature page. For more
information, see “Hole Feature Tab” on page 62.

Rotate Tab for Milling Machines

The Rotate tab is available when using a Mill/Turn MDD or a 4-axis or 5-axis MDD. The settings
found in this tab allow you to rotate the part or create rotary operations. For more information,
see Rotate Tab.

Contour Process
The contouring process is used to make passes along a shape or multiple shapes. The toolpath
can be set to either side of the geometry or on center. When multiple shapes are selected the
toolpath is automatically on center, which is typically used for engraving.
The pull-down in the upper left corner offers two choices: Offset Contour, and Engraving.

Except for this brief mention, this chapter deals entirely with the controls for Offset Contour,
because Engraving is a special-purpose strategy for use on an outline font that enormously
improves the quality, crispness, and control of engraving compared to conventional offset
contouring or pocketing.

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The controls and parameters for Engraving are a small subset of the those for Offset Contour,
described in detail below.

Controls and Parameters for Offset Contour

Tool
• indicates that the tool instance has no data attached to it.

• indicates that the tool instance has data attached to it.

Clicking this button opens the Feeds and Speeds Table for the tool instance in the current part.
This dialog lets you view, add, or delete entries for this tool instance. When an entry is selected,
clicking Calc Speed copies the entry's Speed value into the process dialog, and clicking Calc
Feed copies the entry's Feed value into the process dialog. For a full description of the Feeds
and Speeds Table, see the Common Reference guide.
Material
Clicking this button opens the Materials dialog, where you can select and edit materials. For a
full description of the Material database, see the Common Reference guide.
Speed: RPM
The value entered is the rate of the spindle measured in revolutions per minute. Clicking the
button will load a recommended speed from the Material Database based on the part material
and tool composition.
Entry Feed
The value entered designates the feedrate, measured in inches per minute or millimeters per
minute, for the entry move (from clearance plane to the point where the tool enters the material).
Clicking the button loads a recommended speed from the Material Database based on the part
material and tool composition. This value is always used for the Z plunge, ramp, or helix.
Note: The lesser of the two feedrates (Entry Feed or Contour Feed) is used as the entry feedrate
when the choice for Entry And Exit, below, is Line with 90° Radius or (Advanced) Radius Entry or Line
Entry.

Contour Feed
The value entered designates the feedrate, measured in inches per minute or millimeters per
minute, used while cutting. Clicking the button loads a recommended speed from the Material
Database based on the part material and tool composition.

Depths Diagram
The items in this section of the dialog define the clearances and depths for the toolpath.
Additionally, the Wall Control option lets you make 2 1/2 axis cuts.
Depths from Feature / Depths from Tool
These values define the clearances and depths for the toolpath for any parameter set to
Absolute, including feature-specific depths like Feature Top Surface Z and Feature Depth Z.

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1. CP2, Entry Clearance Plane (or* Incremental

distance from plane)
2. CP3, Exit Clearance Plane
3. Surface Z
4. Incremental Tip Z
5. Wall Control (if applicable)
6. Incremental Feature Depth
7. Feature Depth Z
8. Floor Z
Items 4, 6, and 7 are displayed only for Depths
from Feature. Item 8 is displayed only for Depths
from Tool.

[1] When Approach Z is set to Incremental, the diagram changes slightly and you supply a value for
the distance between the Exit Clearance Plane and the Top Surface.
[2] When Retract Z is set to Same As Approach, you cannot supply a value for Exit Clearance Plane.
[3] When Top Surface Z is set to Automatic, you cannot supply a value in the corresponding text
box.
[5] The Wall Control button, when present (feature-based milling usually uses straight walls
only), lets you make 2 1/2 axis cuts.
[6, 7] When Feature Depth Z is set to Automatic, you cannot supply a value in the corresponding
text boxes.
Entry Clearance Plane
Entry Clearance Plane (also called CP2) specifies the location the tool will make a rapid
move to before feeding to the start point of the toolpath.
Exit Clearance Plane
The Exit Clearance Plane (also called CP3) specifies the location the tool may rapid to after
completing the toolpath.
Surface Z
The Surface Z specifies the top level of the material.
Incremental Tip Z
Distance from tool tip to the bottom of the feature.
Incremental Feature Depth
Distance from top to bottom of the machining feature.

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Feature Depth Z
Z Value of the lowest depth of the machining feature.
Floor Z
The Floor Z specifies the finished depth of the pocket.
Rapid In
When this checkbox is selected, the move from the Entry Clearance Plane position to the
start point of the toolpath will be a rapid move rather than a feed move. The Rapid In option
should be used with caution, as it can create rapid moves directly into the part material.
Wall Control
The Wall Control button brings up a dialog which provides for the creation of 2 1⁄2 axis
surfaces (tapered or swept wall shapes) on contouring processes. If the wall is tapered, the
button will show the angle of the taper. If the wall is a swept shape, the button will say
“Swept”.
The three option buttons at the top of the dialog determine the type of wall that will be created
by the contouring process. The available choices are Straight, Swept shape, and Tapered
w/Fillets. The Straight option is the default, and when it is selected no information needs to be
entered in this dialog. The information necessary for tapered and swept walls is described
below. Additional information is found in this dialog if the contouring process is combined with
a roughing process in the Process list. For an example of how to use Wall Control, see 2 ½
Axis Surfacing.

Example of the Wall Choices dialog when a Roughing process is present,

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contrasted to its state when it is a single process

Swept Shape
When the Swept shape option is selected, a designated drive curve will be swept around
the base curve shape. The drive curve is the shape of the wall. The DC EP Left (Drive
Curve End Point) and DC EP Right selections are used to indicate which side of the base
curve cut shape the end point of the drive curve will be located on. This depends on the
cut direction. The cut direction is determined by the Machining Marker arrows. Visualize
looking down the base curve along the cut direction; the drive curve will be attached to the
left or right of the base curve. When the Contour process is a part of a multi-process
operation you can also specify whether to apply the sweep to the Pocket walls, the Island
walls or both.
Tapered Shape
When the Taper w/Fillets option is selected, the walls of the shape will be created with the
designated side angle and any radii specified for the top and bottom fillets. When the
Contour process is a part of a multi-process operation you can specify different settings
for both the Pocket and Island walls.
Top Down / Bottom Up
These selections indicate whether the toolpath will start at the top of the shape and cut
down (Top Down) or start at the bottom of the shape and cut up. The Bottom Up selection
creates the smoother surface finish.
One Direction / Back & Forth
If One direction is selected, the tool will always cut in the same direction. The tool will make
each pass from the start point to the endpoint of the toolpath, moving back to the start
point for each additional pass. The move from the end point back to the start point will be
a rapid move if Depth First is turned on in the Process dialog. If it is turned off, the move will
be a feed move. If Back & Forth is selected, the tool will alternate between climb cutting
and conventional cutting. The tool will begin cutting at the start point of the toolpath and
cut to the end of the toolpath, then reverse direction and cut from the end point to the start
point.
User D Step
This option creates a depth step of a specific value. This is an absolute distance in Z that
determines the depth of cut on each pass.
Shape Step
This option generates a parametric step based on the drive curve or taper. This specifies
a distance along either the drive curve or taper angle that determines the depth of cut on
each pass.
Ridge Height
This parameter is available when creating a tapered wall. The Shape Step and Ridge
Height text boxes are interactive; either value can be entered and the other will be
calculated. The Ridge Height (or “scallop height”) is an approximate calculation of the
material left on the tapered wall between each pass of the tool.

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Z Step

The items in this section help you define the toolpath behavior when stepping down in Z and
transitioning between shapes.
Desired
This is used to specify the depth of each pass. The system uses the Desired Z Step value
and the Floor Z value to calculate the Actual Z Step and the # Passes that will need to be made.
Retracts
Retracts becomes active when multiple passes are being taken when cutting a given shape
and the Depth First option is activated. When it is turned on, the tool will rapid up to CP3 (the
exit clearance plane) after each pass, and will then rapid to the start point of the next pass.
When Retracts is off, the tool will feed from the end point of one pass to the start point of the
next pass without retracting up in the Z axis.
Depth First
This option lets you specify a preference for how multiple contours with more than one Z Step
are to be machined. Activating Depth First will cause the toolpath to completely machine the
first item to the final Z depth, then move onto the next item. By deselecting Depth First, the
user has told the system to first machine all selected items at the first Z step. Once the first
level is complete on all selected items, the operation starts over at the first pocket or contour
and begins to cut at the second Z step. This will continue until the operation is complete.

Example of machining without Depth First versus with Depth First

Prefer Subs
This checkbox provides the user with the option of using subprograms in the posted code.
Activating this item produces shorter G-code output.

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Hit Flats
This option modifies the Z Step so that a contour pass is taken at each flat surface, such as a
boss top or the pocket floor. Z Step will be recalculated and the step will vary to hit the flats;
therefore the Z Step will not match the value shown under Actual.
Ramp Down
For contours with vertical (not tapered) walls, creates a continuous spiraling toolpath with one
finish pass at final depth.
Shown below are two contour toolpaths with 10mm Z steps between each pass. The second
shows the effect of selecting Ramp Down: Toolpath consists of two complete spiral loops,
each 10mm deep, with one final complete pass.

Ramp Down not selected. Ramp Down selected.

Back & Forth

Allows you to specify how the tool moves from the end of one pass to the start of the next:
either always cutting in the same direction (unselected), or else alternating between climb
cutting and conventional cutting (when Back & Forth is selected).

Conventional Climb

Finish Entry / Exit

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The items in the Finish Entry / Exit section let you create additional moves to add to the start and
end of the toolpath. Entry/Exit lines are useful when using Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC)
because CRC is typically turned on and off on the first and last line moves of the toolpath.
This section offers three options: Line with 90° Radius; 90° Line; and Advanced.
Line and 90° Radius
This option will generate a 90° arc (you specify the radius) to be added at the beginning and
end of the toolpath. This arc will be tangent to the start feature at the start point and to the end
feature at the end point. If a value is entered in the Line text box, a line of the specified length
will be created tangent to the arc as the first and last move in the toolpath.
90° Line
When this option is selected, a line of the specified length will be added to the toolpath. This
line will be perpendicular to the start feature at the start point and the end feature at the end
point.
Advanced
Use this option to create a custom entry and/or exit move. When this option is selected the
Entry/Exit tab is bolded. Define the custom entry and exit in the Entry/Exit tab. Use an advanced
move as described in the Entry / Exit tab. For more information, see Entry/Exit Tab.

Controls Specific to Contour Process

No. of Extra Offsets
You can set a positive number of extra offsets and set a stepover value to generate multiple
operations. Each operation’s toolpath corresponds to an additional stepover.
Extra Stepover
When No. of Extra Offsets is nonzero, specify the amount of each extra stepover in this field.
Stock ±

The value entered specifies the amount of material left on the part geometry after the completed
toolpath. A positive value will offset the tool away from the geometry, leaving material on the
wall. A negative value will move the toolpath into the geometry. If you are cutting the geometry
on center, this option will have no effect.
Z Stock
This is the amount of stock in the Depth you wish to remain or remove. A negative value will cut
deeper into the stock by the amount specified. A positive value will leave material.

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Overlap
An Overlap value extends the end point past the start point by the specified amount. This is very
useful when using CRC.
Spring Passes
The number entered is the number of extra times the final pass will be made. In operations with
multiple Z depth passes, the tool will retract to the entry clearance plane defined in the
contouring process.
Stay In Stock
Toolpath generated by the system can be optimized in various ways by using the Stay in Stock,
Material Only and Ignore Tool Profile options. These options are hierarchical — one depends on
another being active. If Use Stock is active, then Material Only is available and if Material Only is
active, then Ignore Tool Profile is available. The Stay In Stock option will confine the toolpath of any
Contouring operation that goes beyond the bounds of the stock. The operation will be trimmed to
the edge of the stock, causing the tool to retract and rapid to the next entry point.
Material Only
Material Only depends upon Stay In Stock being active. Material Only optimizes toolpath by
limiting the toolpath to areas that have material. If a part has already been partially machined,
then Material Only will optimize the cut areas and ensure there will be no “cutting air.” For an
extended discussion on Material Only, see Material Only.
Ignore Tool Profile
Ignore Tool Profile will cause Material Only operations to ignore the shape of tools in
preceding operations. This is useful when re-machining with a tool that has a corner
radius equal to or greater than that of prior tools. When Ignore Tool Profile is activated, then
Material Only pretends that all mills are sharp endmills. When a part is defined by 2D
geometry only, it is recommended that Ignore Tool Profile be activated as material left on
2D walls can be easily visualized by the system.
Deselecting Ignore Tool Profile makes things somewhat more complex. First of all, the
remaining material is more accurate, factoring in all tool tapers and corner radii of the
tools in prior operations. If you have a roughing tool with a large corner radius and a
finishing tool with a smaller corner radius that will be cleaning up material left on the floor
by the larger tool, be sure to turn off Ignore Tool Profile. Leaving this option off is also best
for machining non-2D parts, such as a pocket in a solid with bottom fillets.

Feed Entry Type

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The pull-down menu allows you to select how the tool will feed into the part. By default, the tool
plunges using automatic settings (Auto Plunge), but you can set Plunge settings manually or select
a Ramp or Helix entry.
Ramp
Selecting this option will let you define a ramping motion when entering the part.
Z SP (Z Start Point)
This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the ramp. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the ramp.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.
Cut
This value is the maximum Z step that the tool can take. The value is equal to twice the Z
depth of a single ramping move. In other words, it is the total depth of the zig and the zag
in a ramping move. This value controls the Ramp Length based on the current Slope and
Ramp Angle.

Slope: Z/Inch or Z/mm

This value specifies the slope of the ramp. A value of 1 will move the tool down 1 unit in Z
for every unit of movement in XY. A value of 0.25 will generate a slope where the tool will
move down 1 unit in Z for every 4 units of movement in XY. Specifying the Slope will
calculate the Ramp Angle and Ramp Length values based on the current Cut value.

Ramp Angle
This is the angle of descent for the ramping motion. Specifying this value will calculate the
Slope and Ramp Length based on the current Cut value.

Ramp Length
This value specifies how long the ramp is from the Z start to Z end position of a single
stroke. This value controls the Cut based on the current Slope and Ramp Angle.

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XY Ramp Angle
The ramp angle determines the starting angle for ramping into the part. You can let the
system choose, or specify to start along the X or Y axis, or specify a particular angle.
Helix
Selecting this option will let you define a helical motion when entering the part.

Z SP (Z Start Point)
This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the helix. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the helix.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.
Cut
This value is the maximum Z step that the tool can take. The value is equal to the Z depth
of a fill 360° helical revolution. This value controls the Diameter based on the current Slope
and Angle.
Slope: Z/Inch or Z/mm
This value specifies the slope of the helix. A value of 1 will move the tool down 1 unit in Z
for every unit of movement in XY. A value of 0.25 will generate a slope where the tool will
move down 1 unit in Z for every 4 units of movement in XY. The XY distance is measured

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along the circumference of the helix. Specifying the Slope will calculate the Angle and
Length values based on the current Cut value.

Angle
This is the angle of descent for the helical motion. Specifying this value will calculate the
Slope and Length based on the current Cut value.

Diameter
This value is the diameter of the helix. This value controls the Cut based on the current
Slope and Angle.

Helix Location
This setting specifies where the helix should be situated relative to the tool’s entry
position. Center at Entry SP creates the helix so its center is at the start point and an
additional move from the helix end to the start point will be generated. Helix End at Entry SP
generates the helix so its endpoint is at the same position as the start point for the rest of
the toolpath. This eliminates the move from the helix center to the start point.

Center at SP and End at SP examples

Round Corners
This checkbox allows the user to designate how the system will handle the external corners of a
contour. When the Round Corners option is selected, the system will add a radius move to the
toolpath at every external corner of the cut shape. The tool always stays in contact with the
finished shape and does not create burrs at the corners. Sharp corners can be created when this
option is on by entering a corner Break of zero. When the Round Corners option is off, no radius
move will be created.
Break
The value entered in this text box specifies a radius that will be put on every external corner
of the selected cut shape. It will only be available only if the Round Corners option is active.
Operations that include a corner break value should not be used prior to a Material Only
operation. Material Only assumes the part shape is always equal to or smaller than the
material at all times. This will be true unless the corner break is used because corner break
cuts a radius onto a sharp corner, which can cause inaccurate Material Only calculations.
Cutter Radius Compensation On
A checkbox that indicates whether Cutter Radius Compensation is turned on or off. Most CNC
machines require that CRC be turned on for Entry line moves and turned off for Exit line moves.

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Other Common Controls

Coolant
The checkbox indicates whether coolant is turned on in a process. Flood is the standard coolant
option. Additional coolant options are available with custom post processors.
Pattern
When the Pattern checkbox is selected, the process will create identical toolpaths in different
locations on the part. The toolpath generated will be cut once for each point in the selected
pattern workgroup. The pattern workgroup, which is selected from the adjacent pop-up menu,
contains unconnected, plain points that serve as origin points for the toolpath created by the
process. The original toolpath created will NOT be cut unless the origin point for that toolpath is
included in the pattern workgroup. Posted output will create one subprogram for the primary
toolpath and call that subprogram once for each point in the pattern workgroup. For more
information, see Pattern.
Mach. CS
The Mach. CS drop-down list appears on this tab when a 3-axis MDD is active. For more
information, see Mach. CS .

Solids Tab
This item is bolded when a solid is selected. The items found on this tab apply only to machining
solids. For information on the contents of this tab, see the SolidSurfacer guide.

Open Sides Tab

This tab is available for most Mill processes, although not all parameters are available for all
process subtypes. The settings in this tab affect the toolpath when one or more sides are open or
“Air” geometry.
Minimum Cut
This is the smallest amount of material left behind that the system will target for machining. Extra
toolpath will be created to cut areas that have this amount of material or more remaining. Areas
with this amount of material or less will not be targeted for machining, although they may
incidentally be cut due to normal process parameters. A value of 0 would cut all around the part
(because everything has at least 0 stock). But a large value, such as the tool diameter, might not
cut anything.
When using the Material Only machining option, the Minimum Cut value is very important. A value
of “0” will attempt to find all possible Material Only situations, but a value greater than the tool
radius is unlikely to find much to cut. This function helps you maximize the efficiency of Material
Only so that you can ignore very small bits of material and better focus your Material Only
operations.
Overlap Finish
This lets you cut past the edge of the material, recutting a short section of the finish wall. Specify
a value by which to extend finish cuts into air along finish walls, overlapping with preceding

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operations. A value of 0 means "no overlap". Using this parameter can reduce wall marks that
can result from tool deflection and can increase tool life.

Offset Tab for Contouring

This tab is always available. It provides support for performing multiple contours on geometry
with user-specified cutter side offsets.

Inapplicable situations. Settings in the Offset tab are ignored, and the tab itself is unbolded, in
the following circumstances:
l When the item selected for part machining is a body (solid or surface).
l When the GibbsCAM profiler is being used.
l When the Contour process is paired with a Pocket process.

Functionality
Always use markers for single shapes
Selecting this checkbox preserves the behavior of releases prior to GibbsCAM 2025. When it
is deselected, then machining markers are suppressed.
For information on machining markers, see the topic in the Mill guide: “Machining Markers”
on page 147.

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Centerline / Offset
You can choose Centerline to cut each shape on the tool's center, without offset. Selecting this
option disables incompatible controls such as Cut Inside or Climb / Conventional.
Note that the Offset settings provide controls for both Closed Shapes and Open Shapes. This
allows you to select closed and open shapes together, knowing that the system will use the
correct settings for the corresponding types.
Closed Shapes
- Cut Inside will offset the tool towards the inside of the closed shape. If Alternate Side for
Nested Shapes is checked, then the tool will cut inside the outermost shape, outside any
shapes nested in that shape, inside shapes nested within those, and so forth, following
the same rules as Pocketing does by default.
- Cut Outside will offset the tool towards the outside of the closed shape.

- If Alternate Side for Nested Shapes is checked, the tool will cut outside the outermost shape,
inside any shapes nested in that shape, outside shapes nested within those, and so forth,
following the same rules as Pocketing does when Outermost Shape as Boss is selected.
Direction:
- Climb (Left) and Conventional (Right) will offset the tool to the left or right of the shape. (If the
spindle direction is reversed, then the labels will change accordingly to Climb (Right) and
Conventional (Left).) Shape direction is determined from the shape, with one exception: If
an open shape has only one end terminator selected, then it is considered the start point
regardless of the shape's innate direction.
Open Shapes
• Start Extension and End Extension determine the distance from the start point (or end point) of
the shape to the start point (or end point) of the toolpath. If applicable, Start Extension and End
Extension values are applied instead of Overlap values that are set the Contour tab, so as to
retain consistency with legacy behavior where machining markers can disable Overlap
values.

Entry/Exit Tab
You can create very customized entry and exit moves for Roughing and Contour operations with
the options found on the Entry/Exit tab. By default the options you set will be applied to both the
entry and exit moves but you can make the entry and exit moves completely different. With the
options found on this tab you can make far more complex entries and exits than the basic options
found on the Pocket or Contour tab. You can specify a radius other than 90° and specify a
different starting Z value which can result in a ramp and/or helical arc as a part of the entry/exit
moves. Additionally you can specify CRC line moves and “off part” line moves. To access these
options choose the Advanced option. This tab is bolded when the Advanced option is selected or if
you have specified separate entry and exit values. This section will only focus on the options
available once you select Advanced.

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Rotate Tab
The Rotate tab is available when using a Mill/Turn MDD or a 4-axis or 5-axis MDD. The settings
found in this tab allow you to rotate the part or create rotary operations. For more information,
see Rotate Tab.

Roughing Process
The Roughing process is used to create pockets and bosses by removing material from the
inside of a closed shape or to clear material from the face of a part. Pocketing styles include
Offset, Zig Zag, and Face Milling. The following discussion applies to all types of roughing
process types. Additional tabs that may or may not apply to the process are discussed
elsewhere, because all the basic parameters for roughing a part are covered on the Pocket tab.
Pocket milling GibbsCAM in Version 10.x and later can produce toolpath that is significantly
different from toolpath generated in v9.5 or earlier; the most prominent changes are in the
Retracts section. If your parts are several years old, please render the toolpath and check it
visually before running in production.
Process Type list

This list menu is where you set the Rough type for the process.

Tool
• indicates that the tool instance has no data attached to it.

• indicates that the tool instance has data attached to it.

Clicking this button opens the Feeds and Speeds Table for the tool instance in the current part.
This dialog lets you view, add, or delete entries for this tool instance. When an entry is selected,
clicking Calc Speed copies the entry's Speed value into the process dialog, and clicking Calc
Feed copies the entry's Feed value into the process dialog. For a full description of the Feeds
and Speeds Table, see the Common Reference guide.
Material
Clicking this button opens the Materials dialog, where you can select and edit materials. For a
full description of the Material database, see the Common Reference guide.

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Speed: RPM
The value entered is the rate of the spindle measured in revolutions per minute. Clicking the
button will load a recommended speed from the Material Database based on the part material
and tool composition.
Entry Feed
The value entered designates the feedrate, measured in inches per minute or millimeters per
minute, for the entry move (from clearance plane to the point where the tool enters the material).
Clicking the button loads a recommended speed from the Material Database based on the part
material and tool composition. This value is always used for the Z plunge, ramp, or helix.
Note: The lesser of the two feedrates (Entry Feed or Contour Feed) is used as the entry feedrate
when the choice for Entry And Exit, below, is Line with 90° Radius or (Advanced) Radius Entry or Line
Entry.

Contour Feed
The value entered designates the feedrate, measured in inches per minute or millimeters per
minute, used while cutting. Clicking the button loads a recommended speed from the Material
Database based on the part material and tool composition.
Cut Width
The value entered specifies the width the tool will move out on each pass. This value
automatically defaults to half of the tool diameter. If the value is made smaller, the passes will
overlap. If the value is made larger, areas may be left uncut, especially if the Sharp corners
option is selected.
Entry and Exit

The items in the Entry and Exit section let you create additional moves to add to the start and end
of the toolpath. There are three options, Line and 90° Radius, 90° Line, and Advanced. Entry/Exit
lines are useful when using Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC), because CRC is typically
turned on and off on the first and last line moves of the toolpath.
Line and 90° Radius
This option will generate a 90° arc (you specify the radius) will be added at the beginning and
end of the toolpath. This arc will be tangent to the start feature at the start point and the end
feature at the end point. If a value is entered in the Line text box, a line of the specified length
will be created tangent to the arc as the first and last move in the toolpath.
90° Line
When this option is selected a line of the specified length will be added to the toolpath. This
line will be perpendicular to the start feature at the start point and the end feature at the end
point.

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Advanced
Use this option to create a custom entry and/or exit move. When this option is selected the
Entry/Exit tab is bolded. Define the custom entry and exit in the Entry/Exit tab. Use an advanced
move as described in the Entry / Exit tab. Refer to Entry/Exit Tab for more information.

Depths Diagram
The items in this section of the dialog define the clearances and depths for the toolpath.
Additionally, the Wall Control option, available on Offset and Zig Zag processes, lets you make 2
1/2 axis cuts.
Depths from Feature / Depths from Tool
These values define the clearances and depths for the toolpath for any parameter set to
Absolute, including feature-specific depths like Feature Top Surface Z and Feature Depth Z.

1. CP2, Entry Clearance Plane (or* Incremental

distance from plane)
2. CP3, Exit Clearance Plane
3. Surface Z
4. Incremental Tip Z
5. Wall Control (if applicable)
6. Incremental Feature Depth
7. Feature Depth Z
8. Floor Z
Items 4, 6, and 7 are displayed only for Depths
from Feature. Item 8 is displayed only for Depths
from Tool.

[1] When Approach Z is set to Incremental, the diagram changes slightly and you supply a value for
the distance between the Exit Clearance Plane and the Top Surface.
[2] When Retract Z is set to Same As Approach, you cannot supply a value for Exit Clearance Plane.
[3] When Top Surface Z is set to Automatic, you cannot supply a value in the corresponding text
box.
[5] The Wall Control button, when present (feature-based milling usually uses straight walls
only), lets you make 2 1/2 axis cuts.
[6, 7] When Feature Depth Z is set to Automatic, you cannot supply a value in the corresponding
text boxes.

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Entry Clearance Plane

Entry Clearance Plane (also called CP2) specifies the location the tool will make a rapid
move to before feeding to the start point of the toolpath.
Exit Clearance Plane
The Exit Clearance Plane (also called CP3) specifies the location where the tool might rapid
to after completing the toolpath.
Surface Z
The Surface Z specifies the top level of the material.
Incremental Tip Z
Distance from tool tip to the bottom of the feature.
Incremental Feature Depth
Distance from top to bottom of the machining feature.
Feature Depth Z
Z Value of the lowest depth of the machining feature.
Floor Z
The Floor Z specifies the finished depth of the pocket.
Rapid In
When this checkbox is selected, the move from the Entry Clearance Plane position to the
start point of the toolpath will be a rapid move rather than a feed move. The Rapid In option
should be used with caution, as it can create rapid moves directly into the part material.

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Wall Choices

The Wall Control button brings up a dialog that provides for the creation of 2 1⁄2 axis surfaces
(tapered or swept wall shapes) on pocketing processes. If the wall is tapered, then the button will
show the angle of the taper. If the wall is a swept shape, then the button will say “Swept”. The
three radio buttons at the top of the dialog determine the type of wall that will be created by the
contouring process.
The available choices are Straight, Swept shape, and Taper w/Fillets. The Straight option is the
default, and when it is selected no information needs to be entered in this dialog. The information
necessary for tapered and swept walls is described below. Additional information is found in this
dialog if the contouring process is combined with a roughing process in the Process list. Refer to
2 ½ Axis Surfacing for an example of using this feature.
Swept Shape
When this option is selected, the wall of the pocket will be cut as a swept shape based on
the drive curve specified. The DC EP Left (Drive Curve End Point) and DC EP Right
selections indicate which side of the base curve cut shape the end point of the drive curve
will be located on. This depends on the direction of the cut shape. The cut shape direction
is based on whether the tool is making a climb or conventional cut as set with the
Machining Markers. The Pocket and Island checkboxes allow the drive curve to be applied
to the pocket wall, the island wall, or both.

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Tapered Shape
When the Taper w/Fillets option is selected, the walls of the shape will be created with the
designated side angle and any radii specified for the top and bottom fillets. You can
specify different settings for both the Pocket and Island walls.
User D Step
This option creates a depth step of a specific value. This is an absolute distance in Z that
determines the depth of cut on each pass.
Shape Step
This option generates a parametric step based on the drive curve or taper. This specifies
a distance along either the drive curve or taper angle that determines the depth of cut on
each pass.
Ridge Height
This parameter is available when creating a tapered wall. In the case where you are
applying a Side Angle of the Pocket Wall field, the Shape Step and Ridge Height text
boxes are interactive; either value can be entered and the other will be calculated. The
Ridge Height (or “scallop height”) is an approximate calculation of the material left on
the tapered wall between each pass of the tool. In cases other than a Side Angle for a
Pocket Wall, these values will need to be explicitly entered.

Z Step

The items in this section help you define the toolpath behavior when stepping down in Z and
transitioning between shapes.
Desired
This is used to specify the depth of each pass. The system uses the Desired Z Step value
and the Floor Z value to calculate the Actual Z Step and the # Passes that will need to be made.
Retracts
Retracts becomes active when multiple passes are being taken when cutting a given shape
and the Depth First option is activated. When it is turned on, the tool will rapid up to CP3 (the
exit clearance plane) after each pass, and will then rapid to the start point of the next pass.
When Retracts is off, the tool will feed from the end point of one pass to the start point of the
next pass without retracting up in the Z axis.

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With parts imported from previous versions of GibbsCAM, please verify existing Retracts,
especially with regard to Air Walls. Retracts may be present that require modified lead
moves, and additional Retracts may be needed to prevent gouging.
Depth First
This option lets you specify a preference for machining multiple pockets with more than one Z
Step. Activating Depth First will cause the toolpath to completely machine the first item to the
final Z depth, and then move onto the next item. By deselecting Depth First, you tell the system
to first machine all selected items at the first Z step. Once the first level is complete on all
selected items, the operation starts over at the first pocket or contour and begins to cut at the
second Z step. This will continue until the operation is complete.

Example of machining without Depth First versus with Depth First

Prefer Subs
This checkbox provides the user with the option of using subprograms in the posted code.
Activating this item produces shorter G-code output.
Hit Flats (dropdown)
This option modifies the Z Step so that a pass is taken at each flat surface, such as a boss
top or the pocket floor. The Z Step is recalculated for this option, and the step will vary to hit
the flats. Therefore the Z step will not match the value shown under Actual.

Flat surfaces will be machined

only if the Z Step, plus or minus
Do not hit flats any stock, happens to coincide
with the flat surface, as it does in
this illustration in step #3.

After performing a regular depth

cut (Z Step), the tool will add one
Hit flats by adding or more Z Steps (in this case, for
passes #2) to machine flat surfaces after
they are newly exposed by the
cut.

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A Z Step will be added to machine

each flat, as illustrated; the flat at
#3 is machined after the regular
Hit flats after each step #2.
pass
If you want to hit all flats from the
bottom up, simply set your Desired
Z Step to produce one pass.

Other Common Controls

Coolant
The checkbox indicates whether coolant is turned on in a process. Flood is the standard coolant
option. Additional coolant options are available with custom post processors.
Pattern
When the Pattern checkbox is selected, the process will create identical toolpaths in different
locations on the part. The toolpath generated will be cut once for each point in the selected
pattern workgroup. The pattern workgroup, which is selected from the adjacent pop-up menu,
contains unconnected, plain points that serve as origin points for the toolpath created by the
process. The original toolpath created will NOT be cut unless the origin point for that toolpath is
included in the pattern workgroup. Posted output will create one subprogram for the primary
toolpath and call that subprogram once for each point in the pattern workgroup. For more
information, see Pattern.
Mach. CS
The Mach. CS drop-down list appears on this tab when a 3-axis MDD is active. For more
information, see Mach. CS .

Offset and Zig Zag Processes

Entry Styles
Tool Entry

This pop-up menu allows the user to designate how the tool will enter the material. There are
four options, Auto Plunge, Plunge, Ramp and Helix. Auto Plunge is a system-controlled entry while
the other items require user input to specify where and how the tool will enter the material. All
options are described below.

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Auto Plunge
If the Auto Plunge option is selected, the system determines the best location for the tool to
plunge into the part based on the toolpath created by the operation. Additionally, if there is a
Holes process preceding the Roughing tile in the Process list, Auto Plunge will automatically
control where the drill will make an entrance hole.
Plunge

If this option is selected, the tool will plunge into the material at the X and Y coordinates
entered. The tool will feed from the Entry Clearance Plane to the specified start point. The
tool will then feed to the start point of the toolpath. This option is useful if there are pre-
existing holes in the stock where the tool can enter before moving to the start point of the
toolpath. It should only be used when only one pocket will be created by the process.
Ramp
A Ramp may be specified instead of using a pre-drill entry. The tool will ramp in from the start
point determined at the depth specified in Z SP. The tool will ramp at the angle specified by the
XY Ramp Angle and have a slope equal to the value specified for the Slope in the Z/Inch text
box. The Angle text box allows the user to specify the angle of the entry cut taken in a Ramp
entry operation. The Slope value and the Angle value are interactive. If the Angle is set, the
Slope will be automatically calculated and vice versa. The Max Cut is the maximum depth of
cut in Z the tool can take and the Wall Clearance specifies the distance the tool must stay clear
of the finished wall. The system will verify that the ramping moves do not violate any pocket
geometry.
Helix
The Helix dialog allows a helical entry in Z.
Z SP (Z Start Point)
This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the helix. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the helix.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.
Max Cut
This is the total amount of movement in Z that is allowed in a full rotation of the helix.
Slope Z/(inch/mm)
This is the ratio of movement in Z relative to 1 unit of XY movement.

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Angle
This value allows an entry angle to be specified instead of the Slope ratio.
Wall Clearance
Distance the Helix should remain from a finish wall in addition to any values specified in
the Process.
Auto, Helix end at SP
The helix will end at the start point of the pocket.
Auto, Helix center at SP
The helix will end at the floor Z of the pocket and the tool will move from the end point of
the helix to the start point of the pocket. The center line (or center point) of this helical
circle is centered on the pocket start point.
Center at SP
The pitch of the helix will be equal to the value in the Max Cut box and the diameter will be
determined by the value in the Diameter box. The helix will end at the finish Z of the pocket
and the tool will move from the end point of the helix to the start point of the pocket. The
movements may violate some pocket geometry.
Center at XY Position
Allows the helix center to be defined by X and Y values. A Diameter must be specified. The
movements may violate some pocket geometry.
Helix end at SP
The center of the helix will be determined by the value specified for the CP at angle and
Diameter. A Diameter must be specified. The movements may violate some pocket
geometry.

Offset and Offset With Cleanup Processes

“Offset” processes are the standard pocketing operations with concentric toolpath. “Offset with
Cleanup” processes create an Offset toolpath with the corners extended to clean areas that
didn’t receive much of the tool in the first pass. This section details options that are common to
the Offset-type processes. The speeds and clearances are covered in Roughing Process .

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Finish Entry and Exit

The items in the Entry and Exit section let you create additional moves to add to the start and end
of the toolpath. There are three options, Line and 90° Radius, 90° Line and Advanced. Entry/Exit lines
are useful when using Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC) because CRC is typically turned on
and off on the first and last line moves of the toolpath.
Line and 90° Radius
This option will generate a 90° arc (you specify the radius) will be added at the beginning and
end of the toolpath. This arc will be tangent to the start feature at the start point and the end
feature at the end point. If a value is entered in the Line text box, a line of the specified length
will be created tangent to the arc as the first and last move in the toolpath.
90° Line
When this option is selected a line of the specified length will be added to the toolpath. This
line will be perpendicular to the start feature at the start point and the end feature at the end
point.

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Advanced
Use this option to create a custom entry and/or exit move. When this option is selected the
Entry/Exit tab is bolded. Define the custom entry and exit in the Entry/Exit tab. Use an advanced
move as described in the Entry / Exit tab. Refer to Entry/Exit Tab for more information.
Pocket Stock ±
This is the amount of material that will be left on the wall of the pocket (per side). A positive stock
amount will leave material on the pocket or island and a negative stock amount will cut into the
pocket geometry.
Island Stock ±
This is the amount of material that will be left around any bosses (per side) that are contained in
the pocket and are selected as part of the roughing cut shape. A positive stock amount will leave
material on the pocket or island and a negative stock amount will cut into the pocket geometry.
Z Stock
This is the amount of stock in the Depth you wish to remain or remove. A negative value will cut
deeper into the stock by the amount specified.
Overlap

An Overlap value will force the end point to extend past the start point by the specified amount.
This is very useful for Cutter Compensation.
Spring Passes
The number entered is the number of extra times the final pass will be made. In operations with
multiple Z depth passes, the tool will retract to the entry clearance plane defined in the Roughing
process.
Use Stock
Toolpath generated by the system can be optimized in various ways by using the Use Stock,
Material Only and Ignore Tool Profile options. These options are hierarchical—one depends on
another being active. If Use Stock is active, then Material Only is available and if Material Only is
active, then Ignore Tool Profile is available.
When Use Stock is active, toolpath will be confined to the current stock definition even if the part
extends past the stock. The only exception is any value defined in the Open Pocket dialogs,
which specifically allow a tool to move beyond the stock.
When Use Stock is active the system can generate toolpath even when there is no selected
geometry or body. This is similar to Face Milling. The system will generate a pocket based on the

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existing stock. This can be the stock as defined in the Document dialog, a workgroup or a solid.
The pocketing operation will cut from the Surface Z to the Final Z depth. This function is aware of
fixtures if the SolidSurfacer option is installed.
Material Only
Available only when Use Stock is in effect. Material Only optimizes toolpath by limiting the
toolpath to areas that have material. If a part has already been partially machined, Material
Only will optimize the cut areas and ensure there will be no “cutting air.” More information can
be found in Material Only.
Ignore Tool Profile
Ignore Tool Profile will cause Material Only operations to ignore the tool shapes of
preceding operations. This is useful when re-machining with a tool that has a corner
radius equal to or greater than that of prior tools. When Ignore Tool Profile is activated,
Material Only pretends that all mills are sharp endmills. When a part is defined by 2D
geometry only, it is recommended that Ignore Tool Profile be activated as material left on
2D walls can be easily visualized by the system.
Deselecting Ignore Tool Profile makes things a bit more complex. First of all, the remaining
material is more accurate, factoring in all tool tapers and corner radii of the tools in prior
operations. If you have a roughing tool with a large corner radius and a finishing tool with
a smaller corner radius that will be cleaning up material left on the floor by the larger tool,
be sure to turn off Ignore Tool Profile. Leaving this option off is also best for machining non-
2D parts, such as a pocket in a solid with bottom fillets.
Outermost Shape As Boss
Available only when Use Stock is in effect. Applies to 2D geometry only. When this checkbox is
selected, the system will regard remaining stock to be machined as a boss (rather than as a
pocket with one or more air walls), and will therefore remove material outside the outermost
loop.
Feed Entry Type

This menu allows you to select how the tool will feed into the part. By default the tool plunges
(Auto Plunge) but you may select a user-defined Plunge, Ramp, Helix, or Do Not Plunge entry.
Auto Plunge
If the Auto Plunge option is selected, the system determines the best location for the tool to
plunge into the part based on the toolpath created by the operation. Additionally, if there is a
Holes process preceding the Roughing tile in the Process list, Auto Plunge will automatically
control where the drill will make an entrance hole. See Pre-Mill Tab for more information on
controlling the drill points.
Plunge
If this option is selected, the tool will plunge into the material at the X and Y coordinates
entered. The tool will feed from the Entry Clearance Plane to the specified start point. The

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tool will then feed to the start point of the toolpath. This option is useful if there are pre-
existing holes in the stock where the tool can enter before moving to the start point of the
toolpath. It should only be used when only one pocket will be created by the process.
Ramp
Selecting this option will let you define a ramping motion when entering the part.
Z SP (Z Start Point)
This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the ramp. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the ramp.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.
Max Cut
This value is the maximum Z step that the tool can take. The value is equal to twice the Z
depth of a single ramping move, i.e. it is the total depth of the zig and the zag in a ramping
move. This value controls the Ramp Length based on the current Slope and Ramp Angle.
Slope: Z/Inch or Z/mm
This value specifies the slope of the ramp. A value of 1 will move the tool down 1 unit in Z
for every unit of movement in XY. A value of 0.25 will generate a slope where the tool will
move down 1 unit in Z for every 4 units of movement in XY. Specifying the Slope will
calculate the Ramp Angle and Ramp Length values based on the current Cut value.
Ramp Angle
This is the angle of descent for the ramping motion. Specifying this value will calculate the
Slope and Ramp Length based on the current Cut value.

Wall Clearance
This value specifies the distance the tool must stay clear of the finished wall. The system
will verify that the ramping moves do not violate any pocket geometry.
XY Ramp Angle
The ramp angle determines the starting angle for ramping into the part. You can let the
system choose, specify to start along the X or Y axis or specify a particular angle.
Helix
The Helix dialog allows a helical entry in Z.
Z SP (Z Start Point)
This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the helix. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the helix.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.

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Max Cut
This is the total amount of movement in Z that is allowed in a full rotation of the helix.
Slope Z/(inch/mm)
This is the ratio of movement in Z relative to 1 unit of XY movement.
Angle
This value allows an entry angle to be specified instead of the Slope ratio.
Wall Clearance
Distance the Helix should remain from a finish wall in addition to any values specified in
the Process.
Auto, Helix end at SP
The helix will end at the start point of the pocket.
Auto, Helix center at SP
The helix will end at the floor Z of the pocket and the tool will move from the end point of
the helix to the start point of the pocket. The center line (or center point) of this helical
circle is centered on the pocket start point.
Center at SP
The pitch of the helix will be equal to the value in the Max Cut box and the diameter will be
determined by the value in the Diameter box. The helix will end at the finish Z of the pocket
and the tool will move from the end point of the helix to the start point of the pocket. The
movements may violate some pocket geometry.
Center at XY Position
Allows the helix center to be defined by X and Y values. A Diameter must be specified. The
movements may violate some pocket geometry.
Helix end at SP
The center of the helix will be determined by the value specified for the CP at angle and
Diameter. A Diameter must be specified. The movements may violate some pocket
geometry.
Do Not Plunge
Mill Roughing strategies Offset and Offset With Cleanup lets you omit “cavity” cutting areas.
When the entry style is set to Do Not Plunge, the tool enters the part only horizontally from
air; enclosed pockets are not machined. This is useful for certain types of high-feed mill
tools that are incapable of plunging or ramping. Remaining enclosed areas can be
machined with a tool capable of ramping in a followup process with Material Only enabled.
Machining Order
This pulldown menu lets you choose from Automatic, to specify that the system will determine the
order of machining, or From Selection, to specify that items will be machined in the same order
they were selected.
Round Corners
This checkbox lets you specify how the system will handle the external corners of a contour.
When the Round Corners option is selected, the system will add a radius move to the toolpath at
every external corner of the cut shape. The tool always stays in contact with the finished shape

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and does not create burrs at the corners. Sharp corners can be created when this option is on by
entering a corner Break of 0. When the Round Corners option is off, no radius move will be created.
Break
The value entered in this text box specifies a radius that will be put on every external corner
of the selected cut shape. It will only be available only if the Round Corners option is active.
Operations that include a corner break value should not be used prior to a Material Only
operation. Material Only assumes the part shape is always equal to or smaller than the
material at all times. This will be true unless the corner break is used because corner break
cuts a radius onto a sharp corner, which can cause inaccurate Material Only calculations.
CRC On
A checkbox that indicates whether Cutter Radius Compensation is turned on or off. Most CNC
machines require that CRC be turned on for Entry line moves and turned off for Exit line moves.
We recommend not using CRC during Roughing operations when the From Tool Edge option in
the Machining Preferences is being used. If From Tool Edge is selected, the toolpath lines are still
displayed as “tool center”. Therefore in Roughing operations with the From Tool Edge item has no
effect on the output.
Climb
This checkbox lets you specify the direction the tool will travel, either making a climb cut or a
conventional cut. When checked, the system will generate climb cuts. When unchecked, the
system generates conventional cuts.

Conventional Climb

Helix

Selecting this option will let you define a helical motion when entering the part. This option is
available for Contour, Offset and Offset with Cleanup. Not all options are available for each
mode.

Z SP (Z Start Point)

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This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the helix. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the helix.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.
Cut (Max Cut)
This value is the maximum Z step that the tool can take. The value is equal to the Z depth
of a fill 360° helical revolution. This value controls the Diameter based on the current Slope
and Angle.
Slope: Z/Inch or Z/mm
This value specifies the slope of the helix. A value of 1 will move the tool down 1 unit in Z
for every unit of movement in XY. A value of 0.25 will generate a slope where the tool will
move down 1 unit in Z for every 4 units of movement in XY The XY distance is measured
along the circumference of the helix. Specifying the Slope will calculate the Angle and
Length values based on the current Cut value.

Angle
This is the angle of descent for the helical motion. Specifying this value will calculate the
Slope and Length based on the current Cut value.

Diameter
This value is the diameter of the helix. This value controls the Cut based on the current
Slope and Angle.

Helix Location

Center at SP and End at SP examples

This setting specifies where the helix should be situated relative to the tool’s entry
position. Center at Entry SP creates the helix so its center is at the start point and an
additional move from the helix end to the start point will be generated. Helix End at Entry SP
generates the helix so its endpoint is at the same position as the start point for the rest of
the toolpath. This eliminates the move from the helix center to the start point.
Wall Clearance
Distance the Helix should remain from a finish wall in addition to any values specified in
the Process. This is only available with either of the Auto Helix options.
Helix OD
These options let you define where the helix will be positioned relative to the start point of
the toolpath.

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Center at SP
The pitch of the helix will be equal to the value in the Max Cut box and the diameter will
be determined by the value in the Diameter box. The helix will end at the finish Z of the
pocket and the tool will move from the end point of the helix to the start point of the
pocket. The movements may violate some pocket geometry.
Center at XY Position
Allows the helix center to be defined by X and Y values. A Diameter must be specified.
The movements may violate some pocket geometry.
Helix end at SP
The center of the helix will be determined by the value specified for the CP at angle and
Diameter. A Diameter must be specified. The movements may violate some pocket
geometry.

Zig Zag
Rough option Zig ZagK creates straight lines at a specified angle and contour moves at the
boundaries.

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Cut Width
The value entered specifies the width the tool will move out on each pass. This value
automatically defaults to half of the tool diameter. If the value is made smaller, the passes will
overlap. If the value is made larger areas may be left uncut.
Cut Angle
The value entered specifies the angle of the Zig Zag.
Pocket Stock±
This is the amount of material that will be left on the wall of the pocket (per side). A positive stock
amount will leave material on the pocket or island and a negative stock amount will cut into the
pocket geometry.
Island Stock±
This is the amount of material that will be left around any bosses (per side) that are contained in
the pocket and are selected as part of the roughing cut shape. A positive stock amount will leave
material on the pocket or island and a negative stock amount will cut into the pocket geometry.

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Z Stock
This is the amount of stock in the Depth you wish to remain or remove. A negative value will cut
deeper into the stock by the amount specified.
Start On Right
When active, the first stroke of the Zig Zag toolpath will be on the right side of the part. When
inactive, the first stroke will be from the left side of the part. This option is on by default.
No Retracts
When active, the system will generate Zig Zag toolpath that does not retract in order to avoid
obstacles in a pocket during a Z Step. Instead it will follow one of two paths set by the Stay On
Periphery option. When No Retracts is off, the toolpath generated for each Z step will retract over
obstacles between regions of the same pocket. This option is on by default.
When a Zig Zag pocketing operation with No Retracts starts on an Air feature the tool will feed
down onto the part without using the Open Pocket Clearance value.
Stay On Periphery
When this option is on, a tool will travel along the periphery of a pocket to connect to the next
region to be cut. When this option is off, the system will make a direct connection to the next
region to be cut with full gouge protection. This option is on by default.
The following images are examples of the No Retracts option. Image #1 illustrates the default
setting, No Retracts is on and Stay On Periphery is off. Note that the toolpath is taking the shortest
path possible to the next cut region without gouging the part by wrapping around the boss. Image
#2 illustrates toolpath with No Retracts enabled and Stay On Periphery on. Note that the toolpath is
travelling around the edge of the part. Image #3 illustrates toolpath with No Retracts off; thus, the
tool will rapid up and over the boss and feed down to the starting point of the next region to be cut
in this Z step.

Image #1 Image #2 Image #3

Hit Parallel Walls

When active, the system will machine walls that are parallel to the natural stroke whose distance
between each other is greater than the Min Cut. Hit Parallel Walls will adjust the Cut Width on the
last pass. This option is off by default.
Min Cut
This value should be less than the Cut Width setting. The wall must be exactly parallel to the
Cut Angle. The larger the value, the more the system ignores walls that are close to each
other. The images below show a part where the Min Cut value is set low (so more walls are
cut) and the same process with a higher setting, creating toolpath that is more optimized.

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Examples of low and high Min Cut settings

Hit Parallel Walls Example

A 70mm wide pocket is to be cut with a 30mm tool. In two passes at a cut width of
30mm the tool would cut an area 60mm wide leaving 10mm of material on the
pocket. By turning Hit Parallel Walls on and inputting the required Min Cut value of less
than 10mm (the remaining amount of material) will force the Zig Zag operation to
adjust its cut width for this last pass. By doing this the tool will cut to the wall and
make a pocket that is 70mm wide.

Clear Periphery
Activating this option will generate toolpath that includes a single contour pass around the
selected shape. This pass may be generated prior to or after each Zig Zag Z step.
Before Zig Zag
Leaving Before Zig Zag off will generate a contour pass after each Zig Zag pocketing Z
step. Activating Before Zig Zag will cause the single pass to be made prior to the Zig Zag
cut.
Use Stock
Toolpath generated by the system can be optimized in various ways by using the Use Stock,
Material Only and Ignore Prior Tool Profile options. These options are hierarchical: one depends on
another being active. If Use Stock is active, then Material Only is available (but does not save the
cut region), and if Material Only is active, then Ignore Prior Tool Profile is available.
When Use Stock is active, toolpath will be confined to the current stock definition even if the part
extends past the stock. The only exception is any value defined in the Open Pocket dialogs,
which specifically allow a tool to move beyond the stock.
When Use Stock is active the system can generate toolpath even when there is no selected
geometry or body. This is similar to Face Milling. The system will generate a pocket based on the
existing stock. This can be the stock as defined in the Document dialog, a workgroup or a solid.
The pocketing operation will cut from the Surface Z to the Final Z depth. This function is aware of
fixtures if the SolidSurfacer option is installed.
Material Only
This option depends upon Use Stock being active. Material Only optimizes toolpath by limiting
the toolpath to areas that have material. If a part has already been partially machined,

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Material Only will optimize the cut areas and ensure there will be no “cutting air.” More
information can be found in Material Only.
Ignore Prior Tool Profile
Ignore Prior Tool Profile will cause Material Only operations to ignore the tool shapes of
preceding operations. This is useful when re-machining with a tool that has a corner
radius equal to or greater than that of prior tools. When Ignore Profile Tool Profile is in effect,
Material Only pretends that all mills are sharp endmills. When a part is defined by 2D
geometry only, it is recommended that Ignore Prior Tool Profile be activated, as material left
on 2D walls can be easily visualized by the system.
When Ignore Prior Tool Profile is deselected, the result is more complex. For example: The
remaining material is more accurate, factoring in all tool tapers and corner radii of the
tools in prior operations; therefore, if you have a roughing tool with a large corner radius
and a finishing tool with a smaller corner radius that will be cleaning up material left on the
floor by the larger tool, be sure to deselect Ignore Prior Tool Profile. Turning this option off is
also best for machining non-2D parts, such as a pocket in a solid with bottom fillets.
Feed Entry Type

This menu allows you to select how the tool will feed into the part. By default the tool plunges
(Auto Plunge), but you may select a user-defined Ramp or Periphery Ramp entry.
Auto Plunge
If the Auto Plunge option is selected, the system determines the best location for the tool to
plunge into the part based on the toolpath created by the operation. Additionally, if there is a
Holes process preceding the Roughing tile in the Process list, Auto Plunge will automatically
control where the drill will make an entrance hole. See Pre-Mill Tab for more information on
controlling the drill points.
Ramp
Selecting this option will let you define a ramping motion when entering the part.
Z SP (Z Start Point)
This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the ramp. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the ramp.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.
Max Cut
This value is the maximum Z step that the tool can take. The value is equal to twice the Z
depth of a single ramping move; i.e. it is the total depth of the zig and the zag in a ramping
move. This value controls the Ramp Length based on the current Slope and Ramp Angle.

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Slope: Z/Inch or Z/mm

This value specifies the slope of the ramp. A value of 1 will move the tool down 1 unit in Z
for every unit of movement in XY. A value of 0.25 will generate a slope where the tool will
move down 1 unit in Z for every 4 units of movement in XY. Specifying the Slope will
calculate the Ramp Angle and Ramp Length values based on the current Cut value.
Ramp Angle
This is the angle of descent for the ramping motion. Specifying this value will calculate the
Slope and Ramp Length based on the current Cut value.

Wall Clearance
This value specifies the distance the tool must stay clear of the finished wall. The system
will verify that the ramping moves do not violate any pocket geometry.
Periphery Ramp
This option generates a continuous ramping motion around the shape’s perimeter, similar to
a helical entry.
Z Start Point
This is an increment to Surface Z that tells the system where to start the ramp. If this value
is negative, the tool will plunge to a position lower than Surface Z before it starts the ramp.
Note: In releases before GibbsCAM 2013 v10.5, this was an absolute value, not
incremental. The change at v10.5 and later makes it consistent with other parameters and
accommodates Mill Feature. For existing parts, the adjustment from absolute to
incremental is made automatically when the part is opened. When Save a Copy is used to
save to v10.3 or earlier, the value is converted to absolute.
Slope Z per Inch/MM
This value specifies the slope of the ramp. A value of 1 will move the tool down 1 unit in Z
for every unit of movement in XY. A value of 0.25 will generate a slope where the tool will
move down 1 unit in Z for every 4 units of movement in XY. Specifying the Slope will
calculate the Ramp Angle.
Ramp Angle
This is the angle of descent for the ramping motion. Specifying this value will calculate the
Slope and Ramp Length.

Cut Back On Wall

When this option is active, the system will generate toolpath that will cut backwards along the
periphery to overlap the previous stroke before making the next stroke. This will clean up
scallops left by the toolpath. This is one of two options which can be thought of as a general
preference for any Zig Zag operations.
Prefer Same Stroke Continuation
This option applies to pockets that will have several sections or areas to be machined. Such a
pocket might have a boss in the middle of it. When the tool encounters the boss, there are two
options for continuing the toolpath. This is one of two options which can be thought of as a
general preference for any Zig Zag operations.

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When this option is active, the toolpath generated will continue the stroke, avoiding obstacles but
cutting as much as possible around the obstacles. When the toolpath has covered as much area
as it can, it will move to uncut areas.
When this option is off, the toolpath will move around or over the obstacle to machine the area
blocked by the obstacle and then continue clearing out the pocket. This option is on by default.

The image illustrates a situation where this setting would apply. If Prefer Same Stroke Continuation
is on, the tool will continue its stroke below the boss. If this option is off, the tool will move over or
around the boss to machine the area that was obstructed by the boss.

Face Milling
The Face Milling item completely automates clearing material from the face of a part. When the
Face Milling option is selected, the bottom portion of the Roughing dialog changes as shown.
Each of the Face Milling features is described below. The other items contained in the dialog
function as they do when performing an offset Roughing operation. Please note that Face Milling
operations will not avoid defined fixture bodies.

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Cut Selection
If the Stock option is selected, no geometry needs to be selected. The process will face the entire
stock shape.
If the Shape option is selected, a closed shape must be selected. The system will face the

selected closed shape. The Profiler can also be used to select a shape.

Multiple nested shapes are handled efficiently: All shapes with overlapping bounding boxes are
now machined together in the requested cut order, using Clearance values and Roll In to transition
between shapes as needed.
Nesting of pockets and bosses allows for rapiding over large voids in the part, using the
“Outermost Shape as Boss” approach.
Shapes that are independent, in the sense that their bounding boxes do not intersect, continue to
be machined separately.

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Cut Options
These selections indicate how the toolpath will be generated. They determine the finish of the
cut and the length of the roughing cycle. Each selection is described below.
Spiral In
This option generates the fastest roughing cycle, but produces a rougher surface finish than
some of the other options. The tool starts off the part and ends on the part. The tool spirals
into the material and makes a square pattern to remove the material.
Zig Zag
This option also generates a fast roughing cycle, but a rougher finish. The tool starts off the
part and ends off the part. The tool zig zags across the material alternating between climb
cutting and conventional cutting.
Back & Forth
This option produces a better surface finish because the tool is always climb cutting. The
toolpath alternates cutting from both ends of the part.
1 Direction
This option produces the best surface finish but generates a slower roughing cycle. The tool
makes one pass across the part, rapids up and back across the part, and then makes each
additional pass to clear off the necessary material.
Fixture Avoidance behavior for Cut Options
Unlike other machining methods, face milling is not normally able to discontinue and resume
cutting. Normal mechanisms for avoiding fixtures, such as cutting around the fixture, or retracting
over it and plunging, are not desirable. To address this, avoidance behavior is based on the
selected strategy:
• For Spiral In: the cut region is reduced to avoid the fixture without introducing concavities.
Some areas of the part may be left unmachined.
• For Zig Zag: each cut terminates where it intersects a fixture and immediately transitions to
the next cut going the opposite direction. Neither cut will machine the part on the other side of
the fixture.
• For Back & Forth and 1 Direction: each cut terminates where it intersects the fixture, and the cut
will not be resumed. Instead, the system immediately retracts and transitions to the next
entry point.
For all strategies, use appropriate fixture clearance. If a part body is selected, collisions with
unselected parts of that body should be avoided just like collisions with fixtures, consistent with
ordinary solid machining.
Start Corner
These radio buttons determine the start point of the toolpath. The selections indicate in which
corner of the shape, whether it be the entire stock shape or a selected closed shape, that the tool
will start cutting in. For example, selecting X+, Y+ will begin the toolpath in the upper right hand
corner; X+, Y- will begin the toolpath in the lower right hand corner; and so on. The four possible
combinations represent the four quadrants.

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1st Cut
The available choices change depending on the Start Corner selections. These buttons determine
the direction of the first cut from the start corner of the face milling operation. For example, if an
operation was set to start in the X+, Y+ quadrant, the tool may make its first move in either the X-
or Y- direction. These will be the only choices available.
Roll-In Entry
A 90-degree roll-in entry is recommended to shape chips appropriately, to improve tool life, and
to reduce chatter. For a newly created part, Roll In Entry is on by default; or it can be chosen for
older parts opened in the current release.
When Roll In Entry is chosen, a roll-in arc is attached to each move from off-part if the move has
clearance applied. This includes:
• the initial entry for all strategies
• all trimmed passes (so long as the roll-in arc would not plunge within another portion of the
profile)
• every normal stroke for choices Back & Forth and 1 Direction
The arc direction produces an inside-cutting corner based on the cutting direction: the arc is
clockwise for forward-rotating tools. The radius of the arc is the tool radius plus the clearance
value, so that the arc ends with the tool center at the material edge.

Round Corners
Round corners are recommended for face milling while the tool is engaged, such as at every
corner for strategies Spiral In or Zig Zag, which change direction while engaged. For a newly
created part, Round Corners is on by default for those strategies; or it can be chosen for older
parts opened in the current release.

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The radius for the corner arc is calculated as 1/8 (12.5%) of the tool diameter. The user must
ensure an appropriate stepover size when using this option. In particular, strategy Spiral In might
require smaller radii on passes very close to the center, and smaller radii might also be required
near trimmed ends that are shorter than the normal round-corner radius. In such cases, use the
largest radius that fits.

Cut Above Stock

Common tasks like face milling are often part of saved processes. Such processes can be set up
to cut significant amounts of material that might or might not be present on the part, using
Material Only to eliminate air cutting. Prior to this release, face milling ignored the Z parameter of
the default stock definition (while correctly avoiding air cuts against solid stocks).
Cut Above Stock is turned on by default for both newly created parts and older parts opened in the
current release. You can turn it off to generate no cuts in the air above the stock, regardless of
the Maximum Z value.
Clearance
The Clearance amount entered is an XY offset value that is added to the beginning of the toolpath.
The toolpath is always offset from the stock shape or selected geometry by a tool radius. The
Clearance value is added to the tool radius offset amount.

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Solids Tab
This tab is bolded when a body is selected. The contents of this tab only affect machining solids
and sheets. For more information on these items, see the 2.5D Solids or SolidSurfacer guides.

Open Sides Tab

This tab is available for most Mill processes, although not all parameters are available for all
process subtypes. The settings in this tab affect the toolpath when one or more sides are open or
“Air” geometry.
An “open side” is a pocket that does not have a complete set of sides, such as a square pocket
with only three sides. The open pocket settings also relate to toolpath behavior when
encountering holes in the stock. In general, open pocket settings affect the behavior of toolpath
at the edges of a pocket.

Overhang

Open Sides > Overhang governs behavior when the tool moves parallel to the part edge. This
parameter specifies the amount by which the tool will overlap an Air feature to clean up edges
that might otherwise have a ridge. The value is measured from the tool’s outer edge to the Air
wall. If no value is entered, the system will automatically overhang the tool on Air geometry by
the tool’s cutting radius.
The recommended value for overhang is the tool radius. The maximum is a value equal to the
tool diameter minus a small adjustment (0.001" = 0.0254mm) to ensure that the tool does not cut
only air

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An automatic Air/Wall corner cleanup capability is implemented when a pocket is defined by a

single loop of geometry that contains combination geometry. Combination geometry is regular
blue geometry (Wall geometry) combined with red geometry (Air geometry).
Please note that in the case where a complete loop of geometry is designated as Air, the
overhang parameter will not be applied. Overhang is only applied to Air/Wall combinations
where the toolpath does not start from the outside of the loop and work its way inward. In the
case of a complete Air loop, use the Cut Width parameter to control the toolpath.
Clearance
Open Sides > Clearance governs behavior when the tool approaches the part. This parameter
specifies the distance from the inner edge of the tool to the Air wall (or, more generally, to the
edge of the part when the tool enters the pocket). This can be used with Air geometry, Corner
Cleanup, Material Only, and open-sided pockets in solid models. If the geometry or solid is a
closed pocket (no open sides or Air geometry), then this value is not used.
Minimum Cut
This is the smallest amount of material left behind that the system will target for machining. Extra
toolpath will be created to cut areas that have this amount of material or more remaining. Areas
with this amount of material or less will not be targeted for machining, although they may
incidentally be cut due to normal process parameters. A value of 0 would cut all around the part
(because everything has at least 0 stock). But a large value, such as the tool diameter, might not
cut anything.
When using the Material Only machining option, the Minimum Cut value is very important. A value
of “0” will attempt to find all possible Material Only situations, but a value greater than the tool
radius is unlikely to find much to cut. This function helps you maximize the efficiency of Material
Only so that you can ignore very small bits of material and better focus your Material Only
operations.
Overlap Finish
This lets you cut past the edge of the material, recutting a short section of the finish wall. Specify
a value by which to extend finish cuts into air along finish walls, overlapping with preceding
operations. A value of 0 means "no overlap". Using this parameter can reduce wall marks that
can result from tool deflection and can increase tool life.

Offset/Trim Tab
The Offset/Trim tab offers the following settings. Sample parts showing the effects of different
settings are provided in the folder Production\Sample Files\.

Offset from Part and Material

This setting is useful for keeping the tool engaged at all times. Operationally, any .vnc file prior
to GibbsCAM v10 uses this style.
Trimmed finish pass
This checkbox is available only when the pre-v10 style is active (Offset from Part and Material,
where all four of Pocket/Boss/Fill/Void are set to Offset). If it is not selected, then finish
toolpath will machine both walls and air walls. When it is selected, finish toolpath will machine
only walls.

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When you use a Pocketing process on combination geometry (mixed shapes containing both Air
and Wall geometry), we do not recommend selecting the Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC)
checkbox. Instead, for operations on combination geometry where CRC is needed or desirable,
go to the Offset/Trim tab and select the Trimmed finish pass checkbox, which is specifically
designed to machine only Walls and not Air walls.
Offset from Part, Trim to Material
The recommended setting for most parts, especially for those with open pockets. Using this
option allows the tool to both trim and rapid in air. As a result, the tool will generally start from the
outside-in, reduce full diameter cuts, and stick closer to the programmed step-over amount.
Fewest Offsets from Part, Offset from Material
This option is useful for core parts where there is a large volume of material to remove around a
complex boss shape.
Advanced
This option provides the finest level of control over the type of toolpath that GibbsCAM creates,
as illustrated here:

Pocket, Fill, Void, Boss

a. Pocket or Fill
b. Void or Boss
When determining where to Offset or Trim
your toolpath, if the outside selection (1) is
an air wall (red geometry) use Fill,
otherwise use Pocket. Similarly, if the inside
selection (2) is an air wall use Void,
otherwise use Boss.
Depending on your desired toolpath, you
may select Offset, Trim or Fewest Offsets
for any combination of these features

Traverse between segments trimmed by material with:

This option is available if you select "Trim" for either fill or void in the Advanced options or Offset
from Part, Trim to Material. The available options are Retract and Rapid, Direct Rapid and Direct
Feed. A toolpath that has been trimmed will require linking, via a rapid or a feed motion. Exercise
caution when using the "Direct Rapid" choice, as rapid motion is not always in a straight line
(depending on the machine.)

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Caveats
a. In the case where you are using the Material Only option on a part that has an existing
toolpath, material boundaries are implicitly generated. These boundaries may be either
fill or void depending on the configuration of your part.
b. Solids with open walls will have a material boundary when Use Stock is enabled. In the
case of a solid, extruded or revolved stock we slice the stock which generates fill or void
boundaries at each z-level.

Offset
This is the shape that we use to
create the offset pocket. The toolpath
is generated by an iterative offset
from this shape.

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Trim
By selecting Trim, GibbsCAM will trim
away any portions of the toolpath that
take place on the outside of a fill or
pocket boundary or the inside of a void
or boss boundary. Selecting Trim
allows GibbsCAM to create an offset
pocket iteration that begins outside of
the trimmed shape, creating a more
efficient toolpath.

Fewest Offsets
Allows us to offset one shape until the
offset would intersect a second shape, at
which point we offset both.

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Entry / Exit Tab

This tab contains advanced options for Entry and Exit cycles. By default the options you set will
be applied to both the entry and exit moves. You can set the entry and exit to use entirely
different types of motion, e.g. the entry can be a radius while the exit can simply be a line. To
accomplish this, click the Exit option. This tab allows you to generate rather complex moves
including ramping. The Entry/Exit tab is bolded when the Advanced Entry/Exit option is selected on
the Pocket tab or if the Advanced option is selected on this tab. This section will only focus on the
options available once you select Advanced. The Line and 90° Radius and 90° Line options are
discussed in Entry and Exit .
Exit
Select this option to make the entry and exit moves different. In the example shown here the
entry move is a 1mm line and a 5mm radius while the exit is simply a 1mm line. The functionality
of each option is discussed in Entry and Exit .

Radius Entry/Exit
Select this option for your entry and/or exit move to be based on a radius. Using the following
options you can define the size of the radius, whether to include line moves and ramp options.
CRC Line
Select this option to generate a line that allows Cutter Radius Compensation to activate. Set
the length of the CRC Line you wish to make.
Off Part Line
Select this option to generate a line to feed into or out of the part. This line is perpendicular to
the start/end point. This line is generated after the CRC line on entries and before the CRC
on exits.
Entry/Exit Radius
Specify the radius you wish to generate for the entry and/or exit move.
Off Part Distance
This option can limit the radius. If the value is less than the radius the arc will be “chopped
off” at the specified distance from the cut shape. The arc will still have the same radius but
it will not be a full 90° arc. Entering a value of 0 or something equal to or greater than the
radius will have no effect on the toolpath, resulting in a 90° radius.
Z Ramp
Select this option to ramp down onto the part. An Off Part Line is required for this option
unless you select the Include Radius? option. This is a Z value, so if you enter 5mm, the tool will
begin 5mm above the Surface Z and will ramp down the length of the Off Part Line.

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Top View Side View

Include Radius?
This option will include the Entry/Exit Radius in the Z Ramp value, resulting in a helical
move (up to 90° only). An example of a Z Ramp including the radius is seen here. You can
see how the Off Part line and CRC line are flat and perpendicular while the rest of the
entry/exit moves are ramping.
Line Entry/Exit
Select this option for your entry and/or exit move to be based on a line. If you wish to use a line
and a radius, choose the Radius Entry/Exit option. Using the following options you can define the
size and angle of the line as well as ramp options.
CRC Line
Select this option to generate a line that allows Cutter Radius Compensation to activate. Set
the length of the CRC Line you wish to make.
Off Part Line
Select this option to generate a line to feed into the part. This line is perpendicular to the
start/end point. This line is generated after the CRC line but before the Off Part Distance line.
Entry/Exit Angle
This option allows you to specify the angle of the entry/exit line. Valid entries are 0-180° with
90 being a perpendicular line.
Off Part Distance
This option specified the length of the entry/exit line.
Z Ramp
Select this option to ramp down onto the part. An Off Part Line is required for this option
unless you select the Include Line Entry/Exit? option. This is a Z value so if you enter 5mm the
tool will begin 5mm above the Surface Z and will ramp down the length of the Off Part Line.

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Include Line Entry/Exit?

This option will include the Entry/Exit Line in the Z Ramp value, which will result in a ramp
in/out at an angle. An example of a Z Ramp including a line at an angle is seen here. You
can see how the Off Part line and CRC line are flat and perpendicular while the rest of the
entry/exit moves are ramping.

Rotate Tab
The Rotate tab is available when using a Mill/Turn MDD or a 4-axis or 5-axis MDD. The settings
found in this tab allow you to rotate the part or create rotary operations. For more information,
see Rotate Tab.

Thread Milling Process

This function, in conjunction with a thread milling tool, lets you mill threads on the outer diameter
(OD) or inner diameter (ID), clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW). The thread milling
process is similar to the drilling process in that it requires that either points or circles be selected
for the process. As in the Drilling process, Hole Features can be used in conjunction with Hole
Manager to apply processes to individual data of selected holes. This process can be particularly
useful when used with Full profile or multi-tooth thread milling tools. When used for ID threads,
the Dimension from Hole/Dimension from Tool radio buttons become available.

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Hole Feature Tab

This works in much the same way as Hole Feature Tab within Hole processes. For more
information, see Hole Feature Tab.

Thread Tab
Thread Mill Entry/Exit Diagram
The Entry and Exit Clearance Planes function as they do in the other Process dialogs. The
Thread Start Point and Thread End Point positions entered in the diagram specify the actual start
and end of the thread specified on the blueprint. The system will add a 45° helix to the start and
end of the threading toolpath to provide for a smooth transition into the thread. The start and end
points of this helical entry move will be higher and lower in Z than the actual Thread Start and
End Points entered by the user in the dialog. The tool can thread up or down, meaning that the
start point can be at a higher or lower Z position than the end point.

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1. Entry
Clearance
Plane
2. Exit
Clearance
Plane
3. Thread Start
Point
OD
4. Absolute
depth of
thread
5. Incremental
depth of
thread
6. Depth of the
thread

ID

Full profile or multi-tooth thread

Thread milling tool
milling tool

Thread Type
This selection determines whether an OD or ID thread will be created. The Thread Mill Entry/Exit
Diagram will change depending on the selection made as shown above.
Top Down / Bottom Up
These selections indicate whether the toolpath will start at the top of the shape and cut down
(Top Down) or start at the bottom of the shape and cut up. The Bottom Up selection creates a
smoother surface finish.
Thread Direction
This selection determines whether the thread will be Right-Handed (clockwise) or Left-Handed
(counter-clockwise) direction.
Taper Angle
The dropdown options are Straight (no taper) BSPT/NPT (Standard pipe thread taper - 1.78991
degrees or 1 in 16 slope) or Other (Enter required angle). Not available with Full profile or multi-
tooth thread mill tools.

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Finish Cut Diameter

Diameter that the edge of the tool cuts while threading. On an OD thread, the tool cuts in to the
minor diameter. On an ID thread, the tool cuts out to the major diameter.
Material Diameter
This parameter is important for multi-pass thread roughing. Specify the diameter from the thread
axis at which the tool should engage with material.
Thread Height Radius
Value specifies the difference between the Finish Cut Diameter and the Material Diameter
expressed as a radius. Defines the amount of material that will be removed between the material
and the last pass.
Clearance Diameter
On an OD thread, the tool will retract to the Clearance Dia after completing the thread before going
to the exit clearance position. On an ID thread, the Clearance Dia should be equal to or less than
the size of the hole that is being threaded. For ID threads, the tool diameter is less than the
clearance diameter which is less than the cut diameter. For OD threads, the cut diameter is less
than the clearance diameter.
Plunge at Center/Diameter
Available for ID threads only. Plunge at Center rapids to the center of the hole then moves to the
Clearance Diameter. Plunge at Diameter allows you to specify a diameter to plunge to before
moving to the Clearance Diameter.
Rapid To/From Clearance Diameter
Available for ID threads only. When checked, uses an XY rapid from the plunge point to the
clearance diameter, instead of an entry feed line.
Entry/Exit Arc
Allows you to specify the arc angle for the entry/exit moves from Clearance Diameter to Cut
Depth. Check Automatic to calculate the arc radius automatically based on the relationship
between the clearance and cut diameters (recommended). Check Manual if you want to specify
your own radius. This must fit outside the material diameter.
TPI (Threads Per Inch)
This value specifies the number of threads per inch. The threads per inch and pitch text boxes
are interactive. When one value is entered the system calculates the other. This allows the user
to enter whichever specification is given on the blueprint, be it the pitch or TPI. When creating a
metric part, this value specifies threads per millimeter. Not available with Full profile or multi-
tooth thread mill tools.
Pitch (mm)
Entering a value here specifies the pitch of the thread in mm which is calculated by taking the
inverse of the TPI. Not available with Full profile or multi-tooth thread mill tools.
Depth of cut
1st
Specifies the depth of the first cut, then choose from the following radio buttons:

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One Finish Pass

This option specifies that the tool only take one cut at the finish thread depth. This would
normally be used to re-cut a thread as part of a de-burring process.
Constant Cut
Tool will cut the thread in a series of passes, each of approximately the same depth as the
1st cut.
Constant Load
The tool will take a constant volume of material on each pass, resulting in a smaller depth of
cut on each subsequent pass until the tool reaches the Last Cut amount. The volume
removed on each pass is calculated based on the depth of cut specified in the 1st field.
Last Cut
When selected, this option will prevent the roughing cycle from taking any rough passes at
less than the value specified. In addition, the rough cycle will always leave exactly this
amount for the last pass.
Spring Pass
This value is used to specify whether to take one or more spring passes at the finish depth.
When using a multi-tooth threadmill, spring passes occur after all main passes are complete.
Vary Depth With Geometry
This option will cause the drilling depth to be variable, based on the selected geometry. The
retracts will all be to the same level but the final Tip Z or Full Diameter Z are relative to the
geometry, based on the first selected point. Turning this item off allows a constant Z depth drill
process to be defined from geometry at different depths. This could be very useful for constant
depth spot drilling. When this option is selected, the Post Processor will not have the option to
combine similar holes into subprograms.
Cutter Radius Compensation
Check the box if you wish to use CRC, and specifiy the length of the line used to turn CRC on
and off. For more information see Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC).

Other Common Controls

Coolant
The checkbox indicates whether coolant is turned on in a process. Flood is the standard coolant
option. Additional coolant options are available with custom post processors.
Pattern
When the Pattern checkbox is selected, the process will create identical toolpaths in different
locations on the part. The toolpath generated will be cut once for each point in the selected
pattern workgroup. The pattern workgroup, which is selected from the adjacent pop-up menu,
contains unconnected, plain points that serve as origin points for the toolpath created by the
process. The original toolpath created will NOT be cut unless the origin point for that toolpath is
included in the pattern workgroup. Posted output will create one subprogram for the primary
toolpath and call that subprogram once for each point in the pattern workgroup. For more
information, see Pattern.

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Mach. CS
The Mach. CS drop-down list appears on this tab when a 3-axis MDD is active. For more
information, see Mach. CS .

Surfacing Process
The Surfacing Process allows you to follow model surfaces to create toolpath. For more
information on this Machining Process type, see the SolidSurfacer guide.

Material Only
Enabling the Material Only machining option allows the system to have an awareness of material
that has already been removed. A “material only” operation provides for “no air cutting” and can
calculate the exact shape of material left from the initial stock shape and all prior machining
operations with the exception of Surfacing operations. Material Only utilizes this information to
create open pocket shapes to clean up by “slicing” the remaining material model at the Z depth
of the current operation being created. Material Only will function on 2D geometry or solids that
have been roughed out. The Material Only functionality is only available from the Level 2
interface.

It is recommended that the preference be deselected if it will not be used. This

will save processor power and will help to minimize the size of the part file.

Material Only Definition

Material Only calculates toolpath for all remaining material left on walls by prior operations.
Remaining material is stored for all contour, pocketing, and drilling operations (2D operations).
Remaining material is NOT stored for Lace, Surface Flow, and 2 Curve Flow cuts (3D
operations). Material Only supports custom stock definitions, sharp/bullnose/tapered/ball
endmills, and most form tools (but no undercutting tools). Material Only may be used as a single
operation or as part of a multiple process group for pocketing.
Material Only Description
When the Material Only option is active, the system takes into account the current material
conditions in terms of what has already been cut in previous processes and operations, including
custom stock specifications. During subsequent operations the system will generate toolpath to
remove only the material within these shapes if Material Only is selected, thereby providing for “no
air cutting.” Toolpath generated in these areas is based upon an open-sided pocket
configuration. See Material Only Relating to Closed Pockets and Open Pockets for more
information on machining open pockets.

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Example of the use of Material Only in a roughing operation

The figure illustrates the use of a Material Only pocketing operation. Several operations roughed
the part and the tapered boss was finished. Now a smaller flat endmill is used to remove
remaining material. There are three areas with material — the top of the boss is uncut, the large
floor has a little bit of Z Stock and the small open pocket has material left by the previous tool’s
bottom corner radius. All of these conditions are taken care of with a single material only
operation. The image shows the toolpath overlaid on the before and after part condition. Note
how the toolpath follows the edge of the floor at the top of the open pocket.

Material Only Limitations

It is recommended that any tools used in Material Only operations be of a constant or decreasing
radius value. This is because the system does not recognize undercuts. The system does not
recognize undercuts from the original stock condition or as a result of machining. Thus, a
mushroom-shaped part, an increasing radius, or an undulating form tool is not recommended.
The results could range from cutting air to the tool trying to rapid into stock it does not recognize.
For Roughing (Pocketing) operations that use Zig Zag, the cut region is not saved; selecting or
deselecting the Material Only checkbox has no effect on the generated toolpath.

Material Only Relating to Closed Pockets and Open

Pockets
The following are four examples that will help to illustrate how Material Only operations work
under different circumstances. The examples provide tips on how to best use this powerful
feature.
Closed Pockets and Material Only
A closed pocket is defined as a closed shape composed entirely of Wall features. The illustration
shows closed pockets and Material Only. A closed pocket with an island is located close to the
pocket wall. The initial roughing leaves material in five areas — all four corners as well as

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between the wall and the island. The system calculates the remaining material and defines those
areas with combination geometry, shapes that are made of both Air and Wall features. The
second operation, the Material Only operation, machines only those areas. In this example, the
recommended values for Past Stock and Overhang are used.

1. Closed pocket with 6mm

radius corner and an island
close to the pocket wall.
2. Initial Roughing operation with
22mm diameter endmill.
3. The system creates five
regions where material has
been left. A closed shape
consisting of combination
geometry - both Air and Wall
features - defines each area.
4. Material Only roughing
operation with 7mm diameter
endmill.

Closed Pockets and Material Only

Open Pockets and Material Only

An open pocket is defined as a closed shape composed either of all Air features or a
combination of Air and Wall features. This combination of features is referred to as combination
geometry. Two methods are recommended for working with an open pocket when generating
Material Only cuts. Each method is described in the following text.

When you use a Pocketing process on combination geometry (mixed shapes containing both Air
and Wall geometry), we do not recommend selecting the Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC)
checkbox. Instead, for operations on combination geometry where CRC is needed or desirable,
go to the Offset/Trim tab and select the Trimmed finish pass checkbox, which is specifically
designed to machine only Walls and not Air walls.
Multiple Shape Method
This is the recommended method for assuring the best toolpath when working with an open
pocket and generating Material Only cuts. This method requires at least two geometry shape
sets. The first shape set is composed entirely of Air features, which represent the stock. The
second shape set is made of Wall features. Using this method, the system treats the part as
an island inside the stock. This is the method used when creating Material Only operations
with a solid body. For more information on solids and Material Only, see the SolidSurfacer
guide. The figure illustrates open pockets and Material Only using the multiple shape method.
The first shape is a single Air shape that represents the stock. The second shape set consists

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of all Wall features and represents the part as an island within the stock. The initial roughing
operation leaves material behind in the two corners as well as between the two islands, as
shown in the illustration. In this example, the recommended values for Past Stock and
Overhang are used.

1. An all Air shape

representation of the
stock.
2. Wall shapes representing
the part as an island within
the stock.
3. Initial roughing op that
leaves material behind.
Both the Air and Wall
shapes were selected.
4. Material Only roughing
operation selecting both
shape sets.

Combination Geometry Method

This method uses combination geometry (one or more shapes composed of both Air and
Wall features) to define the open pocket. This method is the fastest from the standpoint of
geometry creation, but can produce undesirable toolpath when a complex open pocket part is
processed. The figure illustrates open pockets and Material Only using the combination
geometry method. The recommended values are used for Past Stock and Overhang. The
outcome is the same as in the illustration. The combination geometry method is faster (less
geometry is created) and less complicated, but it requires more visualization on the user’s
part.

1. The open pocket is

drawn as a single mixed
shape.
2. The initial roughing
operation generates the
same three regions as
the multiple shape
method.

Material Only combination geometry method

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Custom Stock
The figure illustrates open pockets and Material Only using the multiple shape method. This
example uses a custom stock defined by extruded geometry. (Note that revolved shapes are
also supported.) The recommended values for Past Stock and Overhang are used in this
example.

1. An all Air shape

representation of the
stock.
2. Wall shapes
representing the part as
a series of islands within
stock.
3. The roughing operation
toolpath.
4. The rendered part using
the multiple shape
method.

Material Only multiple shape method

Rotate Tab
The Rotate tab, found in process dialogs when a Mill/Turn, 4-axis, or 5-axis MDD is being used,
provides access to 4th- and 5th-axis machining functions. The items found on this tab allow you
to create toolpath that is rotated into a position and duplicated (set a number of times and angle
to repeat) or create rotary toolpath. When the operation is generated the toolpath will be
duplicated in a direction as set by the input angle (positive or negative). The functions found in
the Rotate tab are available when working in the Level 2 interface and the Mill, Mill/Turn,
Advanced CS, Broaching, or Multi-Task Machining (MTM) module is enabled. Additionally, an
A-, B- or C-axis capable MDD must be selected for the current part.

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1. Coordinate System from which to generate the

process
2. Enable Positioning and Start Angle of rotation
3. Enable Polar & Cylindrical Milling
4. Number of additional times to repeat
5. Incremental Angle for the next repeat

Mach. CS
This drop-down list lets you choose the coordinate system the operation will be created from. By
default, the XY plane is selected, but all coordinate systems that have been created will be
available. The system will output the appropriate rotation moves to correctly position the part to
cut the selected Machining CS. The tool always approaches the part and cuts along the positive
depth axis of the selected machining coordinate system.
Position
Select this option to perform a simple rotary positioning move from the selected Machining CS.
Angle
Available with any 4-axis or 5-axis MDD. This determines the position of the angle of the first
pass relative to A0, the normal top view of the XY plane. The range of angles may be
negative. In the above graphic, a value of 45 is set for this drilling process. Therefore the part
will be rotated 45 degrees before drilling the holes.
Polar & Cylindrical Milling
Only available with the Polar & Cylindrical Milling option. This is explained in Polar & Cylindrical
Milling .
Duplicate
If your positioning or rotary toolpath is to be duplicated you can set the parameters here.
# of Times to Repeat
The number of additional toolpaths to generate. By entering a value of 3 as shown above, this
toolpath will be made a total of 4 times: the original, plus 3 repetitions. If you are simply
setting a machining coordinate system, not positioning the toolpath, be sure to enter the
value 0 to avoid duplicating the toolpath. If the value is 1 and an incremental value is set, the
toolpath will be generated at that angle.
Incremental Angle
Each additional repetition of the toolpath will be set at this angle value from the last toolpath.
If you are simply setting a machining coordinate system, not positioning the toolpath, be sure
to enter the value 0 to prevent setting the toolpath at an angle.

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Example of the same operation with and without positioning

At-Singularity Starting Alignment

Depending on various factors, such as 3-axis polar (with Polar & Cylindrical selected) vs 3-axis
positioned (with Positions selected), and whether the MDD defines alignment vectors, three or
more of the following options are displayed:
• Do not rotate
This is unavailable for 3-axis polar operations.
• Automatic
This is legacy behavior for both polar and positioned 3-axis operations. It enables the CS
hinting mechanism for starting singularities (start of op/start of repeat).
• Rotary axis angle
This lets you enter a raw angle at which GibbsCAM will park the fourth axis before starting
the op. Thereafter, the axis will not rotate as long as it remains singular. Note that this option

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is unavailable if Polar & Cylindrical is selected, because the starting angle is determined by the
starting position.
• Align with
This option, if available, lets you select from the MDD-defined alignment vector. For polar
ops, this vector will be translated from straight toolgroup space onto the rotated part origin,
and the tool will be constrained along the vector. Polarity matters, but the state of the Allow
Cross Center checkbox in Machine Manager > Toolgroup will still apply. For position milling,
the Machining CS H vector will be aligned with (the projection of) this vector at the start of the
op/repeat. At run time, if the user chooses a vector parallel to the fourth rotary axis, the
system will display an error message.

Rotary Part Clearance Planes

Defining the proper clearance plane for a 4th or 5th axis rotation is very important. First, be sure
the master clearance plane, as defined in the Document Control Dialog, is well beyond the part
when it rotates. The same is true of clearance planes defined in operations.
For operations involving a tool change, the clearance will not be a problem as the tool retracts
full-up. However with operations that involve rotary positioning or that do not require a tool
change the tool only retracts to the exit clearance plane. Therefore if your exit clearance plane is
not beyond any edge of the part as it rotates the tool will crash. For optimal G-Code, set the Entry
Clearance as you would for a non-rotary operation and your Exit Clearance at a greater value.

One method to determine how high the clearance needs to be on a Vertical machine
is to square the Y+ and Z+ values, add them together and determine the square root
of that number. Then round the number up as needed. On a Horizontal machine
replace the Y value with the X value.
sqrt(Y2 + Z2) = distance from center to edge of a part

Entry / Exit Tab

This tab contains advanced movement for entry and exit cycles. It is available when Advanced is
selected as the Finish Entry/Exit style. Refer to Entry/Exit Tab for more information.

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Same Entry and Exit

To use the same type of move, i.e. 90° Line or Line and 90° Radius, for both entry and exit
moves you do not need to use the settings in this tab. The Line and 90° Radius and 90° Line options
are discussed in Line and 90° Radius (contouring) and Entry and Exit (pocketing).

Different Entry and Exit

To make your entry and exit moves different, such as different values or one is just a line and the
other is a line and a radius, select the Exit option then specify the types and values for the
different entry and exit. In the example shown here the entry move is a 1mm line and a 5mm
radius while the exit is simply a 3mm line. The Line and 90° Radius and 90° Line options are
discussed in Line and 90° Radius (contouring) and Entry and Exit (pocketing).

Example where the tool will enter with a line and radius and the exit is only a line

Advanced Moves
The Advanced entry/exit options allow you to create a wide variety of move types. If you do not
choose the Exit option at the top of the dialog both the entry and exit moves will be identical.
Radius Entry/Exit
Select this option for your entry and/or exit move to be based on a radius. Using the following
options you can define the size of the radius and whether to include line moves and ramp
options, even a 3D helical move into or off of the part.

1. CRC Line
2. Off Part Line
3. Entry/Exit Radius
4. Off Part Distance

CRC Line
Select this option to generate a line that allows Cutter Radius Compensation to activate or
deactivate. The line is generated before the entry or after the exit. Enter a 2D length,

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measured in HV on the machining CS. The CRC Line can be tangent or perpendicular to
the Off Part Line depending on your Machining preferences. This linear move is always a
2D move regardless what the Z Ramp status is.
Off Part Line
Select this option to generate a line to feed into or out of the part. This line is generated
after the CRC line on entries and before the CRC on exits. Enter a 2D length, measured in
HV on the machining CS. This line is created perpendicular to the first/last feature of the
toolpath. The Off Part Line can be a 2D or 3D move depending on the status and value of
the Z Ramp.
Entry Radius
Specify the radius you wish to generate for the entry and/or exit move. The arc will be
tangent to the first feature of the toolpath, with the exception that it can ramp in Z if you
select that option. The radius can be a 2D arc or a 3D helical move depending on the
status and value of the Z Ramp option and the Include Radius check box.
Off Part Distance
This option can limit the radius. This value defines the distance from the first toolpath
feature at which the entry/exit arc will be trimmed. The idea here is that the material is
located by the Off Part Distance value from the actual part to be machined. Entering a
value of 0 or something equal to or greater than the radius will have no effect on the
toolpath, resulting in a 90° radius.
Z Ramp
Select this option to ramp down onto the part. This is an incremental Z height above the Z
level of the actual Toolpath. If you enter 5mm the tool will begin 5mm above the Surface Z
and will ramp down the length of the Off Part Line. An Off Part Line is required for this
option unless you select the Include Radius? option.
For the Entry value the Z Ramp will start at the beginning of the Off Part Line and will end
at the end of the Off Part Line or Entry Radius depending on whether the Include Radius
option is selected. For the Exit value the Z Ramp will start at the beginning of the Exit
Radius or beginning of the Off Part Line depending on the Include Radius option. The Z
Ramp will end at the end of Off Part Line. The CRC Line is excluded for both the entry and
exit because it is a 2D move.
Include Radius
This option will include the Entry/Exit Radius in the Z Ramp value, converting the arc
to 3D helical moves (up to 90° only). Unchecking Include Radius will create a flat arc at
the Z depth of the toolpath. This option enables machines that do not allow helical
interpretation to arc at the fixed Z. An example of a Z Ramp including the radius is
seen here. You can see how the Off Part line and CRC line are flat and perpendicular
while the rest of the entry/exit moves are ramping.

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Top View Side View

Line Entry/Exit
Select this option for your entry and/or exit move to be based on a line at a custom angle. If
you wish to use a line and a radius, choose the Radius Entry/Exit option. There are numerous
options for the line definition including a 3D ramping.

1. CRC Line
2. Off Part Line
3. Entry/Exit Radius
4. Off Part Distance

CRC Line
Select this option to generate a line that allows Cutter Radius Compensation to activate or
deactivate. The line is generated before the entry or after the exit. Enter a 2D length,
measured in HV on the machining CS. The CRC Line can be tangent or perpendicular to
the Off Part Line depending on your Machining preferences. This linear move is always a
2D move regardless what the Z Ramp status is.
Off Part Line
Select this option to generate an additional line to feed into the part perpendicular to the
first feature of the toolpath. This line is generated after the CRC line on entries and before
the CRC on exits. Enter a 2D length, measured in HV on the machining CS. This line is
created perpendicular to the first/last feature of the toolpath. The Off Part Line can be a
2D or 3D move depending on the status and value of the Z Ramp.
Entry/Exit Angle
This is the angle at which the entry/exit move will approach the actual toolpath at the user
defined Z level. Valid entries are 0-180° with 90 being a perpendicular line.
Off Part Distance
This value defines the distance from the first toolpath feature at which the entry/exit
arc will be trimmed. The idea here is that the material is located by the Off Part Distance
value from the actual part to be machined. In the case where the entry or exit angle is
either 0 or 180 degrees, the off part distance will be added to the line and no entry/exit
move will be created.

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Z Ramp
Select this option to ramp down onto the part. An Off Part Line is required for this option
unless you select the Include Line Entry/Exit? option. This is an incremental Z height above
the Z level of the actual Toolpath. If you enter 5mm the tool will begin 5mm above the
Surface Z and will ramp down the length of the Off Part Line.
For the Entry value the Z Ramp will start at the beginning of the Off Part Line and will end
at the end of the Off Part Line or the end of the angular line depending on whether the
Include Line Entry option is selected. For the Exit value the Z Ramp will start at the
beginning of the angular line or beginning of the Off Part Line depending on the Include
Line Entry option. The Z Ramp will end at the end of Off Part Line. The CRC Line is
excluded for both the entry and exit because it is a 2D move.
Include Line Entry?
This option will include the Entry/Exit Line in the Z Ramp value, which will result in a
ramp in/out at an angle, converting the whole entry/exit move to 3D moves.
Unchecking Include Line Entry will create a flat line at the Z depth of the toolpath.
An example of a Z Ramp including a line at an angle is seen here. You can see how
the CRC line is flat, the off part line is perpendicular and changing in Z and the rest of
the entry/exit moves are ramping at an angle.

Pre-defined Process Groups

All machining operations are created from the information contained in the Process list. You
create processes by double-clicking a Process tile, choosing a Process Type and Tool and then
entering the necessary information in the Process dialog. A Process Group is the collection of
Process tiles contained in the Process List at any one time. A Process Group contains all of the

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tooling and machining information to generate a specific set of operations, such as creating a
group that drills, roughs, and contours a shape.
You can save a Process Group as an external file that you can load into other part files. You can
access and reuse common machining and tool data for multiple part files without having to
recreate tools and processes. For example, if you regularly drill and tap the same size holes, a
Process Group is a great solution for saving time.

You can save Process Groups by selecting Save Process list from the Process List Right-click
menu when your Process list contains the completed Process tiles that will compose the group.
A prompt appears for a file name and a location to save the file. After you save a Process Group
file, it can be loaded into any part file by selecting Load Process List. You can also load process
groups by choosing a directory that contains Process Group files. To choose a directory, select
Set Folder from the menu. When a directory is set, all the Process Group files contained in that
directory appear in the menu.
When a Process Group is loaded into a part file, any Process tiles currently in the Process list
that are highlighted are removed and replaced by the loaded Process Group. If this removes

Process tiles that were needed, select Undo from the quick access toolbar. Unselected
processes are not replaced.
If the Tool list already contains Tool tiles, those tools are deselected but not removed from the
list. The system searches the existing Tool list to find the necessary tools for the loaded Process
Group. First, the system searches for an exact tool match. If an exact match is not found, the
system searches for a close match, such as a tool with a longer tool or flute length. A tool
identified as a close match is used. If the system cannot to find an exact match or a close match,
the necessary tools for the loaded Process Group are created and added to the Tool list in the
first available positions. Added tools are highlighted.

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After the Process Group is loaded into the Process list, select the appropriate geometry to act as
the cut shape and click the Do It button to create the operation and toolpath.

Pre-Defined Process Groups Exercise

In this exercise, we will create a Process Group for tapping 15mm deep ISO M6x1.0 holes with a
9mm diameter chamfer that can be used on any number of different parts.
• Create a new part.
• Create the following tools:
- Spot Drill with a 6mm diameter, 25mm tool length and a 90° tip angle.
- Drill with a 5mm diameter, 25mm tool length and a 118° tip angle.
- Countersink with a 20mm diameter, 25mm tool length, 90° tip angle, and 0 for the sharp
tip diameter (which makes the taper/flute length 6.009).
- Tap with a 6mm diameter, 25mm tool length, 1mm Pitch and a 180° tip angle.
• Create the following Process tiles:
- Drilling process using the Spot Drill. Select the Feed In - Rapid Out Entry/Exit Cycle and
enter the following information in the Drill Clearance Diagram.

- Drilling process using the Drill. Select the Feed In - Feed Out Entry/Exit Cycle and enter the
following information in the Drill Clearance Diagram.

- Drilling process using the Countersink. Select the Feed In - Rapid Out Entry/Exit Cycle and
enter the following information in the Drill Clearance Diagram.

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- Drilling process using the Tap. Select the Tap Entry/Exit Cycle and enter the following
information in the Drill Clearance Diagram.

There should be four completed Process tiles in the Process list. Because this is an exercise
in saving and loading Process Groups, we will not apply these processes to geometry in this
file.

• Select Save under the Processes menu. Save the file in a location that can be easily be
accessed.
• Create a new file with the following stock specifications: X+ = 100, X- = -100, Y+ = 75, Y- = -
75, Z+ = 0, Z- = -12.
• Open the Tool list and the Machining palette. Select Load from the Processes menu and point
to the file you just saved. Click Open.
The Process list and Tool list will contain the Process Group information that we created in
the previous file.
• Create and select a point or group of points. Apply the loaded process. The operations to
drill, tap and countersink the holes will be created.

This Process Group can now be applied to any group of points in any file. For more information
on the Process menu, see the Common Reference guide.

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Machining
Once a Process has been created it needs to be applied to the geometry on your model. To do
this you select the geometry and position machining markers.

Machining Markers
Machining Markers appear on selected geometry for contouring processes in order to designate
the cut shape. To move a marker, place the cursor over the marker and click and hold down the
mouse button. The cursor changes to the marker. This is called “picking up a marker.” You can
then move the marker to the desired location and drop it by releasing the mouse button.

Note: When positioning or placing a marker, place the tip of the marker arrowhead onto the line,
circle, or point.
When the Feature Markers are moved, the Point Markers “follow” them and snap to the same
position. To place the Start Point and End Point Markers in the exact same location, place the
Start Feature Marker in the correct location and drag the Start Point Marker to the desired
position. Then drag the End Feature Marker to the same location as the Start Feature Marker.
The End Point Marker will automatically snap to the same position as the Start Point Marker.
For precise control over the Start and End Point Marker positions, create a point at the correct
position. Dragging a Start or End Point Marker close to the point will cause the marker to snap to
the point and use its exact coordinates.
The geometry between the start and end points will be dark blue to indicate that it is the cut
shape that will be machined by the process. If the start and end features are the same, double-
clicking on one of the markers will allow the toolpath to pass over the end point once. This will
create an overlap in the toolpath.
To quickly place the end feature and end point markers, hold down Shift+Ctrl and click the
desired end feature. Then place the end point marker. This is the easiest method, particularly if
the end points need to be adjusted, and it eliminates any possible mouse movement errors that
might occur when using the drag method.
You use Machining Markers to specify the start and end feature and start and end point of the cut
shape, the cut direction, and the offset position of the tool. These markers appear when you
select geometry as the cut shape for Contouring and Roughing processes. The exception is
when more than one set of geometry is selected. In this case, the system assumes that the
cutting is on center or engraving. The D-pointer appears when swept walls are created for
roughing and/or contouring processes.

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Cutter Side and Direction:

The circles represent the offset position of the tool in relation to the cut shape: on the outside of
the geometry, on the inside of the geometry, or on the centerline. The arrows indicate the
direction of tool travel, indicating whether a climb or conventional cut is made. Click on the circle
and direction arrow you want to use. The arrow for the tool direction is blue and the cutter

side is bold .

Start Feature:
The geometry feature, such as a line or circle, on which the tool starts cutting.

Start Point:
The point on the start feature where the tool starts cutting.

End Feature:
The geometry feature on which the tool stops cutting.

End Point:
The point on the end feature where the tool stops cutting.
Move Start\End Point to:

The right-click context menu for a start or end point includes the Move Start\End Point to option. By
selecting this option, you will be prompted by a dialog to enter a new value (+ or -) by which to
extend or trim the point from the beginning or end of the last feature. The options that appear
depend on whether you select a Start Point or an End Point machining marker.

D-Pointer:
The drive curve used when creating swept surfaces. Must be an open, terminated shape.

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Start and End Points

The start and end points do not necessarily have to be on the part geometry. There may be times
when it is desirable to have the tool start or end its toolpath off the part. This can be done by
moving the markers off the part geometry. A geometry feature (e.g. line or circle) is trimmed
between two connectors. When the Start Point Marker is dragged off the part, it automatically
snaps to the nearest extension of the start feature. The nearest extension of the start feature
may be a section that was trimmed away, so the start point will snap to an extension of the start
feature off the part. This is also true for the end feature and end point.
Move Machining Marker Options
Machining Marker Start and End Features positions can be set with a right-mouse click. This
works with Turning Roughing, Turning Contour, and Mill Contour processes on geometry or a
Profiler shape. Simply right-click where you want to place the Start Feature or End Feature
marker and make a selection from the menu. The Start Feature and Point or End Feature and
Point markers will be placed exactly where you clicked on the geometry or profile.

Geometry Right Mouse Menu Profiler Right Mouse Menu

D-Pointer
The D-pointer Marker only comes up when creating swept surfaces on contour and pocket walls.
It designates the drive curve shape. When the cut shape is selected, the Cutter Side and
Direction and Start/End Point/Feature Markers will appear on the shape selected for the base
curve. If there is an open, terminated shape in the same workgroup as the base curve, the D-
pointer will snap to one of the terminated ends. If not, it will come up with the other markers. The

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D-pointer can be dragged like the other markers; however, it can only be placed on a terminated
point.

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Operations
Operations contain finished toolpath. The toolpath consists of the actual moves the tool will
make to cut a part, a visualization of the G-code to be output. For more information see the
section on "Operations" in the Getting Started guide.
l Boss Top Machining
l Machining Air Geometry
l Clearance Moves
l 2 ½ Axis Surfacing
l Pattern
l Engraving
l Printing the Toolpath

Utility Markers
You use the Utility Markers dialog to edit various position-dependent toolpath data. For each
operation, you can select a variety of utility marker types, many of which have additional sub-
options. Utility marker types include Variable Feed Rate, Spindle Speed, Tool Offset #, Text, CRC,
Dwell, and Program Stop.

This image shows the use of Utility Markers. In this example, utility markers are being used to
slow the tool down as it enters a filleted corner and return to the base speed once out of the
corner.

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Utility Markers dialog options:

Show All Markers:

Display the icons for all utility marker types on the toolpath.
When you step through the markers, the dialog updates so you
can see the details of each utility marker. Each marker
displays a unique icon.
Marker Type:
Except for Variable Feed Rate and CRC, markers require specific
post processor support. Please contact the Tech Support
Department for more information.

Variable Feed Rate:

You can set the feedrate for the elements of the toolpath
following the marker. The five sub-options for this type of
marker are User, Entry, Contour, Percent, and Max. User
allows you to explicitly set the feedrate. Entry sets to feedrate to the defined entry feedrate for
the operation. Contour sets the feedrate to the defined contour feed rate for the operation.
Percent sets the feedrate as a percentage that you specify of the last fixed feedrate marker.
Max sets the feedrate to the maximum feedrate defined by the post processor.

Spindle Speed:
For turning operations, this marker sets the spindle speed to the value defined in the SMPM
(Surface Meters Per Minute) or SFPM (Surface Feet Per Minute) field.

Tool Offset #:
This marker sets the tool offset. Three options are available: Tl Offset, Deflect Tl Offset, and
Explicit Offset. Tl Offset sets the offset to the Offset # defined by the tool. Deflect Tl Offset sets
the offset to the Deflection Compensation Offset # defined by the tool. Explicit sets the offset
to a value you define.

Text:
You use this marker to insert a comment into the posted output.

CRC:
You use this marker to turn CRC on or off during an operation. Three options are available:
On, Off, and Reverse.

For more information, see “Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC)” on page 45.

Dwell:
This marker causes the program to pause (dwell) for the specified time. This marker has two
options: Seconds or Revolutions. The Revolutions option uses the current spindle speed to

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compute the time.

Program Stop:
This marker causes the post to output a program stop (M0). If Optional Program Stop is
selected, the post outputs an optional stop (M1).

Next Marker:
Highlights the next marker in the toolpath and displays the marker information.

Previous Marker:
Highlights the previous marker in the toolpath and displays the marker information.
RPM:
For the Spindle Speed marker, type a number for revolutions per minute.
Edit Text:
For the Text marker, type the text you want to add.
Clear Markers:
Removes all markers from the toolpath.
Lock Button:
Locked items ( ) retain the values entered in this dialog even if the operation is reprocessed.
Unlocked items ( ) return to their original values if the operation is reprocessed. Changes that
affect the toolpath appear in the toolpath drawing and the rendered image. The information in the
process tile that created the operation is modified to reflect the changes made in this
dialog. If an operation contains one or more locked values, a small lock symbol
appears on the Operation Tile.

To lock or unlock a value:

Click the graphical button next to the right of the control to toggle its state between “locked”( )
or “unlocked”( ).

To display the Utility Markers dialog and the toolpath for an operation:
In the Operation List, right-click an operation tile and select Utility Markers.
To add a marker to a toolpath:

1. From Marker Type, select the type of marker you want to add.
The icon changes to the type of marker you select.

2. Drag the marker to the position you want on the toolpath.

The currently selected marker properties display in the dialog, and the currently selected
marker displays in red.

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Boss Top Machining

When creating pocketing operations with islands, the system will analyze the selected island
geometry and create the toolpath so that it cuts to the tops of the islands based on the Z depth of
the island geometry. Therefore, the Z depth of island geometry is important. In order for the
system to machine the tops of islands, the island geometry must be created at the appropriate Z
depth. The selected pocket geometry should also be drawn at the appropriate Z depth in order to
facilitate the correct Z steps. The pockets must not be intersecting, nor can multiple pockets be
contained within each other. When geometry is contained within a pocket, it is always treated as
an island rather than a contained pocket. If geometry is contained within an island, it will be
treated as a pocket.
Typically, the system makes constant steps in Z based on the Actual Z step value displayed in the
Roughing Process dialog. In the case of islands at varying Z depths, the system will create
separate pocketing operations at varying Z depths to ensure that the tops of islands are cut. The
system accomplishes this by analyzing the selected pocket and island geometry. Each range
from the surface Z to the island geometry is treated as a separate depth to be pocketed. The
surface Z is based on the previous range. The system will take the Desired Z step entered in the
Roughing Process dialog and apply that Z step to each range. If the ratio between the top
surface Z and the floor Z of the range for that pocket is less than 1.5, the system will take one
pass. If the ratio is greater than 1.5, the system will cut the range with as many passes as are
required with each step being equal.

Example of pocketing with multi-level islands

The above figure illustrates a pocketing operation with three islands at varying Z depths, with a
Desired Z step equal to 5mm. Four separate pocketing operations will be created from one
pocketing process in order to cut to the tops of each of the islands. The first pocketing operation
will cut Range 1, with a starting surface Z at 0 and final floor Z of -6mm (top of 1st boss). The
second pocketing operation will cut Range 2, with a starting surface Z at -6mm and final floor Z at
-10mm (top of 2nd boss). It will cut Range 2 in one Z step because the ratio between the total
depth of cut and the desired Z step is less than 1.5. The third pocketing operation will cut Range 3
with a starting surface at -10mm and a final floor Z at -22mm. This pocketing operation will be cut
in two steps, each 6mm because the ratio of the total depth of cut and the desired Z step is 1.5 or

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greater. The final pocketing operation will cut to the final floor Z of -25mm with a Z step of 3mm.
The ranges are determined by the Z depths of the selected pocket and island geometry.
Pocket and island stock specified in the Roughing Process dialog is XY stock only and does not
leave any stock in Z. In order to leave stock on the top of an island (in Z), the island geometry
should be offset in Z to account for the desired stock amount.
As stated previously, pockets must not be intersecting. In other words, the geometry must not be
touching or coincident. A solution to this situation is to offset the coincident geometry by the
smallest amount possible. The following image shows a pocket with an island that is coincident.
The circles were originally of the same radius. Once the geometry was made, the island’s large
circle was offset by 0.2mm and reconnected. A pocketing operation will now work perfectly.

Example of a solution to coincident geometry

Machining Air Geometry

You can designate geometry as “Air” by two methods: either by right-clicking the geometry and
selecting Show Properties (or Show Properties of Selected when multiple elements are selected), or
by selecting Toggle Wall/Air from the Modify menu. When geometry is designated as “Air” it is
changed from its normal color of blue to red. This red or “Air” geometry acts as a constraint
similar to regular geometry except that the toolpath will overhang this area by the amount
specified in the machining dialog. The default setting is to have the tool overhang the geometry
by its cutting radius.
Additionally, geometry that is designated as “Air” will affect any Roughing or Contouring
operations applied to this geometry. That means there are four general possibilities on how a
tool will enter and machine a pocket.
l Plunge in the center and spiral out. This is the standard method the system uses to
machine a pocket or pocket with an island. See Example 2 .
l Start at the outside of the geometry and spiral in. This will occur when a complete loop of
closed geometry is designated as “Air”. The operation will begin a tool-on-center cut on the
“Air” geometry. See Example 1 .
l Start at the inside of the geometry and spiral out. This will occur when “Air” geometry is
interior to regular, “Wall” geometry. The operation will begin a tool-on-center cut of the
“Air” geometry.

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l Start at the outside, dig to the center, and machine outward. This occurs on “Combination”
geometry (a closed loop of geometry that consists of both “Air” and “Wall” geometry). The
tool will begin at a corner of the geometry, dig its way to the center and spiral out.

The Offset/Trim tab offers additional controls that can alter how air geometry is machined. See
Offset/Trim Tab for more details.
When you use a Pocketing process on combination geometry (mixed shapes containing both Air
and Wall geometry), we do not recommend selecting the Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC)
checkbox. Instead, for operations on combination geometry where CRC is needed or desirable,
go to the Offset/Trim tab and select the Trimmed finish pass checkbox, which is specifically
designed to machine only Walls and not Air walls.
Example 1
This example illustrates the differences in entries between an entirely “Air” loop and a loop that is
a combination of “Air” and “Wall” geometry. Note how the tool machines inward from where the
“Air” geometry is coincident with the stock on the combination geometry example.

1. “Air” Geometry
2. “Wall” Geometry

Illustration of “Air” geometry toolpath compared to “Combination” geometry toolpath

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Example 2
This example uses “combination” geometry to machine an open-sided pocket as well as
machining around an existing pocket. Image 1 shows the existing pocket. The darker, bold lines
in Image 2 are designated as “Air”. The toolpath is generated in image 3. Image 4 shows the tool
machining to the center of the part so it may machine outward. Image 5 shows the tool
overhanging the existing pocket. Image 6 is the completed open-sided pocket.

Illustration of machining combination geometry for an open-sided pocket and

overhanging an existing pocket

Example 3:
This example illustrates how a user could stretch an operation’s toolpath around a boss to clean
up the part. The boss geometry is offset from the stock by 2mm. The outer geometry is
designated as “Air”. We will use a 13mm endmill to cut the part. To clean up the boss a value
smaller than the 2mm offset is entered in the Minimum Cut box. This ensures that open sides with
material greater than the Minimum Cut will be machined. If this value was 2mm or more then the
small space would be uncut.

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Illustration of stretching toolpath around a boss

Clearance Moves
This section details how the system handles tool moves between operations and between holes
in drilling cycles. The following conventions are used in the pictures shown below.
Dashed Arrow
Rapid Move
Solid Arrow
Feed Move
CP
Clearance Plane
SP
Start Point; the first move of the operation but not necessarily the location of the Start Point
Marker.
EP
End Point; the last move of the operation but not necessarily the location of the End Point
Marker.
Op1
Operation 1; the first series of cuts made on the part.
Op2
Operation 2; the second series of cuts made on the part.

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Entry Move: Same Tool

1. Exit CPZ, XY End Point of Op 1

2. Exit CPZ, XY Start Point of Op 2
3. Entry CPZ, XY Start Point
4. Cut Depth Z, XY Start Point

Entry Move: Tool Change

1. Tool Change Position

2. Tool Change Z, XY Start Point
3. Entry CPZ, XY Start Point
4. Cut Depth Z, XY Start Point

Intra-Operation Moves
All operations, except for a few exceptions noted below, will follow the same rule for clearance
planes through multiple passes. As a clarification of terms used, the following is a definition of
each clearance plane as used by the system.
CP1
The master Clearance Plane defined in the Document Control dialog.

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CP2
Entry Clearance Plane defined in the Process dialog
CP3
Exit Clearance Plane defined in the Process dialog
Multiple Passes
Rather than always retracting to a fixed Clearance Plane above the Surface Z, successive Z
steps will have an incremental CP2. This clearance plane will always be offset down by the CP2
value plus the designated cut depth. Between operations, the tool will Rapid to CP3 and traverse
at that clearance plane.
If illustrated using three passes, the toolpath would read as the following:
First Step
The tool will rapid down from CP1 to the CP2 value designated in the Process dialog. The
tool will then Feed to the first cut depth, cut the part, rapid up to CP3 and rapid over (traverse)
to the start position of the next pass.
Second Step
The tool will rapid down to CP2’s amount above the previous cut depth (this depth is now
considered CP2) then feed to the new cut depth, cut the part, rapid up to CP3 and traverse to
the start position.
Third Step
The tool will rapid down to the former cut depth (the new CP2) then feed to the new cut depth,
cut the part, rapid up to CP3 and traverse to the next pocket or the tool change position.

Third
First Z Step Second Z Step Z
Step

1. CP1
2. CP2
3. CP3
4. 1st cut depth
5. 1st cut depth +
CP2
6. 2nd cut depth
7. 2nd cut depth +
CP2
8. Final cut depth

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Not all processes and options will follow this rule. Items such as drilling will still provide the
option of which clearance plane to use on retracts. Processes that have exceptions to the
standard clearance plane rules follow.

Process Type or Settings Clearance Plane Used

Drilling and Mill Bore The option of CP1 or CP2
Always retract to CP2 without stepping CP2 down
Patterns and Thread Milling
(between Z reps)
Prefer Subs is OFF All retracts will be made to CP3
Retracts (Entry/Exit Connect) are There are no in-operation retracts. All between op
OFF retracts will be made to CP3
Final pass is at CP3, all prior passes are at CP3 plus the
Depth First is OFF
step amount(s).
All retracts will be made to CP3, stepping down with
Engraving Multiple Contours
successive passes
All retracts will be made to CP3, stepping down with
Open Pockets
successive passes
Material Only Pocketing of All retracts will be made to CP3, stepping down with
Separate Areas successive passes
All retracts will be made to CP3, stepping down with
Spring Pass on an Open Contour
successive passes
Rotary Repeats (Mill/Turn and
Always retract to CP3 between positions
Rotary Mill)
Surfacing Processes All retracts will be made to CP3
Multi-Parts The option of CP3 or Full Up
Rotary Positioning (Advanced CS) Retract Full Up

Exit Move: Same Tool

1. XYZ End Point of Op1

2. Exit CPZ, XY End Point of Op1
3. Entry CPZ, XY Start Point of Op2
4. Cut Depth Z, XY Start Point

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Exit Move: Tool Change

1. Cut Depth Z, XYZ End Point

2. Exit CPZ, XY End Point
3. Tool Change Z, XY End Point
4. Tool Change Position

During a drilling cycle, the tool can retract to one of two different Z clearance planes when it is
making inter-hole moves. There are two retract values in the Drilling Process dialog. The top
retract value is the Entry Clearance Plane entered for the process. The bottom retract value is
the Clearance Plane Z specified in the Document Control dialog.

2 ½ Axis Surfacing
The system provides users with the ability to create tapered walls and swept surfaces on
roughing and contouring operations using the 2 1⁄2-axis surfacing capability of the system. The
name is derived from simple surfaces that are machined as a series of 2-axis toolpaths, utilizing
the CNC machine's circle interpolation capability (G2/G3). This produces the smoothest-looking
part and smallest program. These additional features are integrated into the existing roughing
and contouring processes. Users can specify the wall of any contour or pocket as straight (90°),
tapered with optional top and bottom fillets or swept with a specified drive curve shape.
When using the 2 1⁄2-axis capabilities of the system, accurate depth positioning of geometry is
important. With swept surfaces, Surface Z and Floor Z values are not entered in the Entry/Exit
Clearance Diagram in Roughing or Contouring Process dialogs. The drive curve determines the
depth of the toolpath. The system creates the toolpath by attaching the drive curve to the base
curve geometry at the Z depth of the base curve. Therefore, if a pocket or contour with a swept
wall does not start at Z = 0, the base curve geometry must be created at the appropriate Z depth.
When using the Taper w/Fillets selection, Surface Z and Floor Z values must be entered in the
Entry/Exit Clearance Diagram to determine the overall depth of cut. Accurate depth positioning
of geometry is also important when creating walls with tapers because the system calculates the
taper from the Z level of the geometry, NOT the Surface Z level entered in the Entry/Exit
Clearance Diagram.

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There is a button in the Entry/Exit Clearance Diagram in Roughing and Contouring Process
dialogs that accesses the Wall Choices dialog. The Wall Choices dialog allows the user to specify
whether the pocket or contour will be cut with a straight (90°) wall, a tapered wall, or a swept
curve. Refer to the Contouring and Roughing Process sections for additional information on the
Wall Choices dialog.

Swept Shapes
When creating swept shapes, the user designates a base curve shape and a drive curve shape.
The base curve is the geometry selected for the cut shape. The drive curve is the shape of the
wall that will be swept around the base curve to create the surface.
The drive curve must be an open, terminated shape. The drive curve must also be a one-to-one
function, meaning that if a horizontal or vertical line is drawn through the curve, it will only
intersect the curve in one place. The drive curve is designated by the D-pointer Machining
Marker, which comes up on the screen when the cut shape (base curve) is selected. If there is an
open, terminated shape in the same workgroup as the selected base curve, the D-pointer will
appear on one of the terminated ends of the open shape. The D-pointer can be dragged to a
different location, but it can only be placed on a terminated point. The drive curve will be
attached to the base curve at the selected start point of the base curve using the end point
indicated by the D-pointer. Base Curve depth axis must be aligned with the Drive Curve vertical
axis.
The overall depth of cut for swept shapes is calculated from the drive curve. The step move for
each pass depends on whether User D Step orShape Step is selected in the Wall Choices dialog. The
pictures below illustrate how the step is created based on the selection made. Shape Step will
provide a smoother finish, while User D Step, in most cases, will provide for faster material
removal. Shape Step is a good choice for finishing operations and User D Step works well when
roughing.

User D Step Shape Step

1. Drive Curve
2. Step in Z = 2

Comparison of User-Defined steps and Shape steps

Swept Shape Example

If you are not familiar with the basics for creating geometry and toolpaths using the system, refer
to the exercises in the Geometry Creation guide and the Mill tutorial. The instructions in those
sections are much more detailed than the ones found in the following examples. In this example,
we will machine a very simple swept surface using a contouring process.

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1. Create a new part with the following stock specifications: X+ = 105, X- = -105, Y+ = 105, Y- =
-105, Z+ = 0, Z -= -20.
2. Draw the 5-sided polygon shown. The radii at the corners will be added when we create the
machining process. This will be the base curve shape.

3. In the same workgroup, not connected to the polygon, draw a 90° arc with a 20mm radius, as
shown in view A-A. This will be the drive curve shape.
4. The exact position of the drive curve is not important, but the shape must be an open, fully
terminated shape. Terminator points are created by selecting the feature, in this case the arc,
and the point at which it should be terminated and clicking on the Connect-Disconnect
button. Both ends must be terminated. The drive curve must be drawn in the same
workgroup as the base curve.
5. Create a ball endmill (Ball EM) with a 25mm diameter.
6. Create a contouring process using the ball endmill. Click the Wall Control button to access
the Wall Choices dialog. Select the Swept shape choice and choose the DC EP Left selection.
Select the Top Down and One direction items. Select Shape Step and enter 2 for the step
amount. Close the Wall Control dialog and the Contouring Process dialog.
7. Click the shortest horizontal line at the top of the polygon to select the cut shape. Make sure
that the right arrow and outside circle are selected on the machining markers. The D-pointer
should snap to one of the terminated ends of the arc. If necessary, move the D-pointer to the
top end point of the arc. Click the Do It button.
The cut part rendered image of the part, shown in the isometric view, should look like this picture.
You will have additional stock on the angled side of the shape that can easily be roughed away.

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Tapers with Fillets

The Taper w/Fillets option allows the user to specify a taper for the wall of a pocket or contour and
also automatically add top and bottom fillets. For roughing processes, tapers and fillets can be
added to both pocket and island walls. If a contouring process is in the same Process list as a
roughing process, a taper and fillets can also be specified for islands in the contouring process.
When Shape Step is selected, an additional parameter called theRidge Height becomes active. The
ridge height is an approximate calculation based on the wall angle and the tool specifications as
to how much material will be left on each pass of the tool. The Shape Step and Ridge Height text
boxes are interactive in that either value can be entered and the other will be calculated. The
smaller the ridge height, the better the finish on the wall.

1. Shape Step
2. Ridge Height

Tapered Wall Example

We will machine the same shape as the swept shape example. You can either recreate the
geometry in a separate file, duplicate the swept surface file, or reopen the swept surface
example and make changes to that file.
1. Create a simple shape like a circle or square within the polygon to act as a boss. Your part
geometry should look like this picture.

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2. Create a rough endmill (rEM) with a 20mm diameter and a 1mm bottom corner radius.
Create a finish endmill (fEM) with a 12mm diameter and a 1mm bottom corner radius.
3. Create a roughing process using the 20mm rEM. Enter Pocket Stock± and Island Stock± values
of 0.5mm. Click the Wall Control button to access the Wall Choices dialog. Select the Taper w/
Fillets option and enter the following values for the Pocket wall: Top Fillet 2, Side Angle 20, Bottom
Fillet 2. Enter a Side Angle of 20 for the Island wall. Select User D Step and enter a value of 2.
Surface Z and floor Z values must be entered in the entry/exit clearance diagram when using
the Taper w/Fillets option. Enter 0 for the surface Z and -12 for the floor Z.
4. Create a contouring process using the 12mm fEM. Click the Wall Control button. Select the
Taper w/Fillets option. Because the contouring process is in the same Process list as the
pocketing process, there are Island wall specifications. The values for the pocket and island
walls should default to the values entered in the roughing process. Select Shape Step and
enter a value of 1.
5. Select the outside pocket wall and the boss; you will need to hold down the Ctrl key to
select the island. Click the Do It button to create the toolpath.

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Before rendering the part, change to one of the side views to better see the taper and fillets
created by the toolpath. The cut part rendered image of the part should look like this picture.

Pattern
The Pattern checkbox is available for all 2D and 2½D milling processes and for Advanced 3D. It
allows the toolpath generated by the process to be duplicated in different locations on the part.
This is accomplished by creating a template workgroup and a pattern workgroup. Any points
within the pattern workgroup that are unconnected will produce the template when Pattern is
selected in the process dialog and the corresponding workgroup is selected from the drop-down
list.
Each of the points in the pattern workgroup acts as an origin point. If the template is not drawn at
X0,Y0 then the toolpath will be offset relative to the template. Only the origins created in the
pattern workgroup selected will produce toolpath. To create toolpath for the template as well, it
must also have an origin defined in the pattern workgroup.
It is recommended that each template toolpath and Pattern of points be contained in separate
workgroups. For more information on using multiple workgroups, refer to the Geometry Creation
guide.
Using Pattern will create subprograms in the post file to make the code more efficient.

Pattern Example
The following example of using a Pattern will machine the base plate shown below. Six
workgroups will be created—three template shapes, and three patterns for the templates. Each of
the template shapes will be created around the origin point (X0Y0) of the workgroup so that the
points in the pattern workgroup can be created in the same location as they appear on the
blueprint.
We will create the stock outline slightly larger than indicated on the print so that the template
shapes can easily be created around the origin point. Once the machining operations have been
created, we can change the stock to a more appropriate size. Instead of adjusting the stock size,
the template shapes could be created and then translated about the origin point using the Modify
menu. Another option (using Advanced CS) would be to create another coordinate system with
an origin point more towards the center of the stock shape.

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 Operations

1. Create the stock shape with the following specifications: X+ = 300mm, X- = -25mm, Y+ =
200mm, Y- = -25mm, Z+ = 0mm, Z- = -20mm. We will adjust the stock size when we are
done programming the part.
2. The first workgroup will contain the pattern of points for machining the 60mm diameter
circles. Create points at X = 50, Y = 150; X = 125, Y = 160; X = 200, Y = 140; X = 75, Y = 40.
These are the center points of the circles.
3. Create a second workgroup. Create a circle with a 60mm diameter with X0Y0 as the center
point.
4. Create a 15mm finish endmill (fEM) with a 2mm bottom corner radius. Create a roughing
process with this tool. Cut Width = 7.5mm; Finish Entry/Exit 90° Radius = 1.5mm; Surface Z = 0;
Floor Z = -15mm; Desired Z Step = 15mm. Click the Pattern checkbox and select Workgroup #1
in the pattern pop-up menu. If you are creating this part in Level 2 make sure that Use Stock is
unchecked, since the circle extends outside of the stock boundary. Select the circle and click
the Do It button to create the operation. Notice that toolpaths are only created at the points
contained in the pattern workgroup and not where we initially drew the circle.
5. Create a third workgroup. This will contain the pattern of points for the 2” slots. Create points
at X = 50, Y = 90; X = 150, Y = 90; X = 190, Y = 40.
6. Create a fourth workgroup. Create the geometry for the slot around X0Y0.
7. Using the same process as the Circle pattern create a second operation using the slot
pattern. Select the slot pattern Workgroup #3 in the Pattern pop-up menu. Change the Depth of
the cut to 6mm, select the slot geometry and create the operation.

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 Operations

8. Create a fifth workgroup. This will contain the pattern of points for the D-Holes. Create points
at X = 260, Y = 130; X = 270, Y = 180; X = 280, Y = 155.
9. Create the last workgroup. Create the geometry for the D-Holes around X0Y0.
10. Create a 6mm finish endmill (fEM) with no bottom corner radius. Create a roughing process
with this tool. Select Workgroup #5 in the Pattern pop-up menu. Select the D-Hole geometry
and create the operation.
11. Change the stock size to match the blueprint: X+ = 300, X- =0, Y+ = 200, Y- =0, Z+ = 0, Z- = -
20.
You should have a total of six workgroups and three operations which machine the base plate. If
you encounter any problems, check to make sure that the correct pattern of points is selected in
the Pattern pop-up menu for each of the operations. Also, make sure that each of the template
shapes was drawn around the origin point, X0Y0. The cut part rendered image of the base plate
should look like the picture shown here.

Engraving
The system has the capability to contour multiple shapes with the tool on center. Coupled with
the text creation function, which generates geometry from any TrueType font, the user is able to
engrave text. With the ability to create, import and machine splines, this feature also allows the
user to machine artwork. The contouring function is used to perform engraving.
Usually, when creating a contouring process, only one continuous shape can be defined as the
cut shape. When engraving, multiple shapes can be selected to be machined on the centerline of
the tool. To engrave, first select all of the shapes to be machined. Then create the contouring

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process. When more than one shape is selected prior to creating a contouring process, most of
the fields in the Contouring Process dialog are grayed out. The information in the Entry/Exit
Clearance Diagram and the speeds and feeds must be entered. The Patterns function is also
available to create the toolpath in multiple locations on the part (if the contouring process is
created before geometry is selected the other information in the process dialog can be entered,
although it will not be used to create the operation if more than one continuous shape is selected
for the cut shape).
The system will generate one operation that will contour every selected shape along the
centerline. The connective moves between the noncontinuous shapes to be machined are
calculated by the system and incorporated into the operation’s toolpath. The system calculates
these connective moves based on the Entry Clearance Plane entered in the Process dialog. The
tool will use the Entry Clearance Plane value as the retract level for the last Z pass of the
toolpath when the tool is cutting at the final Z depth for the operation. As a result, earlier passes
will retract to a higher Z level than the Entry Clearance Plane.
Normally, when geometry is selected as the cut shape for a contouring process, Machining
Markers appear on the selected shape and are positioned to cut either the entire connected
shape or a portion of the shape. If more than one continuous shape is selected prior to creating
the contouring process, the Machining Markers do not come up on the screen. If the cut shape
geometry is selected after the contouring process is created, the Machining Markers will appear
on the first shape selected. Upon selection of another shape, the markers will disappear and
automatically machine all selected shapes along the centerline. The Ctrl key must be held
down in order to select multiple shapes.

Engraving Text Exercise

1. Create a new part with the following stock specifications: X+ = 100, X- = -100, Y+ = 75, Y- = -
75, Z = 0, Z- = -25.
2. Open the Geometry Creation palette and click the Text-Auto Shape button. Click the Text
Creation button (button with an ‘A’). This will bring up the Text Creation dialog. Detailed
descriptions of the items in the Text Creation dialog can be found in the Geometry Creation
guide.
3. Enter the information shown below in the Text Creation dialog (for now we will not worry about
spacing or text flow). The font pop-up menu should contain all TrueType fonts available on
the system. Click the Do It button at the bottom of the dialog. The text should appear across
the center of the stock. Turn off Draw Points from the View menu. This will make the text
clearer.

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 Operations

4. Select Undo from the Edit menu to erase the text. Now we will create text on an arc. Click the
Text Flow tab. Click the Clockwise Arc button (first button) in the Shapes box as shown.

5. Click the Spacing tab. Enter 1 for the tracking amount (space) between letters and 4 for the
tracking amount (space) between words as shown.

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 Operations

6. Click the Text tab. Note that the Alignment Diagram is different and a Radius and Angle value
must be entered. The Radius specifies the size of the arc and the Angle specifies the position
on the arc that the text will begin. Also, a centerpoint for the arc must be entered rather than
an alignment point. Enter the values shown below.

7. Click Do It to create the text. Close the Text Creation dialog. Close the Geometry Palette. Your
screen should look like the picture shown below.

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 Operations

8. Click anywhere on the screen. Choose Select All (Ctrl+A) under the View menu. This will
select all of the text.
9. Open the Tool list and create a Spot Drill with a 1mm diameter. Open the Machining palette.
Create a Contouring Process tile using the Spot Drill. Note that most of the items in the
Contouring Process dialog are grayed out. When more than one continuous shape is
selected prior to creating a Contouring Process tile, the system will machine all the selected
shapes with the tool on center (engraving). Many of the items in the Contouring dialog will be
grayed out. Enter the information shown below in the Entry/Exit Clearance Diagram.

10. Click the Do It button to create the operation. Note that only one operation is created and the
toolpath machines all the shapes and includes the connective moves between shapes. The
Entry Clearance Plane value is used calculate the connective moves between shapes.
Render the part. The cut part rendered image should look like the picture shown below.

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 Operations

Printing the Toolpath

After an operation has been created, the resulting toolpath can be printed. There is an option to
print black and white, full color or color on a white background. When the desired toolpath is on
the screen, choose Drawing from the Print sub-menu in the File menu. To change the printing style
go to the Display tab in the Preferences. The Printing Preferences specifies how the system will
handle the background color and contrast of lines.

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 Polar & Cylindrical Milling

Polar & Cylindrical Milling

This information applies strictly to interaction with the Mill module. Polar & Cylindrical Milling in
conjunction with Turning-specific Mill/Turn functionality can be found in the Mill/Turn guide.
The Polar & Cylindrical Milling option is an add-on option that enhances the Mill functionality. It
allows for continuous A-axis or B-axis rotation when programming milling operations. This is
often referred to as wrapping. This section describes functions that are specific to the system
when the Polar & Cylindrical Milling option is installed. This section assumes a familiarity with
the standard Mill functionality described elsewhere. The term "A-axis" is used as a general term
for the A-axis or B-axis except where noted.
When a 4-axis Vertical Mill machine is chosen in the Document Control dialog, the system will
allow for A-axis rotation. When a 4-axis Horizontal machine is chosen the system will program
for B-axis rotation. This is discussed in Top half of DCD tab , in the section detailing Part Setup.

Polar & Cylindrical Milling and Rotary Interpolation

The term rotary is used to signify the continuous or simultaneous movement of a rotary axis. In
the case of Mill/Turn parts, the rotary axis is referred to as the C-axis. The Polar & Cylindrical
Milling option allows for the wrapping of toolpaths about the A-axis by rotary interpolation of the
A-axis during a milling operation. When the Polar & Cylindrical Milling option is installed, the
Rotate tab for milling processes contains two rotation options: Position and Polar & Cylindrical
Milling. The operation can either be programmed as a simple position move (Position, described
in Rotate Tab) or as a wrapped toolpath with continuous A-axis motion (Polar & Cylindrical Milling).

Flat vs. Radial geometry

Geometry can either be created as flat geometry or radial geometry:
• Flat geometry is defined using XYZ values.

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 Polar & Cylindrical Milling

• Radial geometry is defined either using XAR values (where R designates the radius or
diameter and A designates an angle of rotation for the A-axis) or, when working with B-axis
rotation, using BYR values (where R designates the radius or diameter and B designates an
angle of rotation for the B-axis).
Geometry does not need to be viewed as wrapped in order to be machined using the Polar &
Cylindrical Milling function. The toolpath that results with the Polar & Cylindrical Milling option
checked will be the same whether the geometry selected for the cut shape is viewed as flat or
wrapped.
Two interface items must be used in order to create and view radial geometry. First, in the
Workgroup Info dialog, the Wrapped checkbox must be selected. (To open the Workgroup Info
dialog, either double-click the workgroup name or else choose WG Info from the context menu
summoned by right-clicking the title bar of the Workgroup list dialog.)

WG list context menu and WG Info dialog

In addition to the Wrapped checkbox, the Wrap Geometry button in Modify>Wrap or the Wrap
WGs button in the floating toolbar must be selected in order to view geometry radially on the
screen. When both of these items are appropriately selected, the system will be in radial mode.
When you are working in radial mode, geometry dialogs that require coordinate input will contain
specifications for an A value (for angle of rotation) and a radius value. For example, when you
create points by entering coordinates, the text boxes will not be labeled X, Y, and Z, but rather X,
A, and R (or Y, B, and R).

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 Polar & Cylindrical Milling

Geometry dialogs in radial mode

Modify Menu Items

When you work in radial mode, certain Modify functions are enhanced to provide for radial value
input. The two primary functions are the Force Depth item and the Translate item. The Force Depth
item is a Force Radius item when in radial mode. Users can enter an absolute radius value and the
selected geometry will be changed to that radius. The dialog Translate does not change, it still
modifies geometry in relative values. When the radius value has been changed the geometry will
move to that depth and the overall size of the geometry will change so that the angle of the arc
remains the same. Thus the same toolpath will be generated.
The following images show dialogs in radial mode.

5-Axis Vertical Mill 4-Axis Horizontal Mill

The following figure illustrates geometry that has been modified in radial mode.

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 Polar & Cylindrical Milling

1. Original geometry
at 150mm
2. Geometry modified
to 225mm
3. Geometry modified
to 75mm
4. Note the constant
angle of the
geometry

An example of geometry whose depth has been changed in radial mode

The following figure illustrates the different results you will get in geometry and toolpath when the
Wrap Geometry or Wrap WGs button is active.

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 Polar & Cylindrical Milling

1. Designated as
Position in the
process dialog
2. Designated as Polar
& Cylindrical Milling in
the process dialog
3. Designated as
Position in the
process dialog
4. Designated as Polar
& Cylindrical Milling in
the process dialog

Geometry and toolpath variations with the Wrap Geometry or Wrap WGs button active

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 Cut Part Rendering

Cut Part
Rendering
Cut Part Rendering is the process of running a visual inspection of the operations you’ve
created. Rendering steps through each operation, displaying the movement made by each tool
as it cuts the part. Once you have one or more operations you can render the part for a visual
inspection. This can be very helpful in catching any errors in the toolpath. Rendering is accessed
by clicking the Sim button in the Command Toolbar. For more information on CPR see the
section on Rendering in the Common Reference guide.

Rendering Polar and Cylindrical Milling

The quality of the rendered image in Op Sim and Machine Sim is determined by the speed of the
rendering. The angular tolerance of the rendered image is very tight when the rendering is slow,
while the tolerance is loose when rendering at higher speeds. This directly affects the quality of
the rendered image. The output is unaffected.

Low Angular Tolerance High Angular Tolerance

A comparison of low and high angular tolerances in Op Simulation without Multi Axis
Rendering

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 Cut Part Rendering

Cylindrical Milling from Cylindrical Profiles

Using the Profiler, you can select profiles in Slice Cylinder mode and use them in Cylindrical
Milling. Remember that Slice Cylinder mode aligns the slice cylinder around the CS depth axis,
so you will need to activate an appropriate CS in your workspace for that use (such as the XY
plane on a C-axis mill/turn), and select a different CS as your machining CS in the process (such
as the YZ plane on a Caxis mill/turn). If you work with these operations frequently, consider
using File > Preferences > Interface Preferences to uncheck Activate Machining CS on Op Load.
• If you select a closed wrapped profile, it is machined as a cylindrical boss or pocket, with the
cutting side determined automatically by the solid that is profiled. This is like extracting the
profile as geometry, unwrapping it, and machining the unwrapped geometry.
• If you select two loops that circumscribe the part, you can automatically machine a groove or
ring. This is like creating wall geometry with the wrapped length of the groove or ring, with air
walls at both ends. Note that some machining strategies, such as Ramp Down Contouring,
will automatically extend the unwrapped groove in order to “wind up” and avoid unnecessary
retracts.
Toolpath generated from this mode, like all Cylindrical Milling toolpath, is true analytic wrapped
toolpath. Because it contains only lines and arcs, it can be output in cylindrical interpolation
mode for your NC control. It is not gouge-checked against the solid, and always holds the tool
on-center; you must use an appropriately-sized tool to avoid gouges in radial toolpath. If,
instead, you prefer close fidelity to the solid over efficient NC code, you might want to use the 5-
Axis Rotary strategy to hold the tool off-center, at the cost of longer and more complex
segmented linear toolpath.

1. Ring
2. Boss
3. Groove
4. Pocket

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 Post Processing

Post
Processing
Once the operations to machine the part have been created, the file needs to be post processed.
Post processing converts a part file (VNC file) which contains the machining operations
(toolpaths) into a text file (NC program) that can be transferred to the machine control. Post
Processors specific to individual machine controls are used to convert the VNC file into a text
file. For general information on Post Processing see the section on "Post processing" in the
Getting Started guide.

Mill Post Label Definitions and Code Issues

Mill post names use letters to signify their capabilities. The designation may be a single letter or
multiple letters to specify the post's capability. Following the letter designation is a unique
number for this post.
The general format of a post can be described as:
<control name><machine name>[client initials]<letter>###.##

Note that a metric post will end with an “m”.

Following is a description of how Mill posts are named and what they do. Also included are brief
explanations of code issues that might be encountered in Mill posts.

3-Axis Mill
Label Definitions
This designates a regular 2-axis or 3-axis mill post. A 3-axis mill post has 3 linear axes
M (X, Y, and Z) that can position and cut simultaneously. Example:
Fanuc 6M [VG] M001.19
This designates a mill post that does not use subprograms. This is known as a “Long
Hand post”. Subprograms are frequently used for multi-process drilling, Z-repeat milling,
N patterns, thread milling, rough and finish mill bore, multiple parts, and so forth. Any mill
post can be modified into a Long Hand post. Example:
Fanuc 6M [VG] NM001.19
This designates a Mill post that supports Spline Interpolation (also known as NURBS).
U Example:
Fanuc 15M [VG] UM001.19

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 Post Processing

Code Issues
• Cutter Radius Compensation (CRC)
- Cutter Radius Compensation options include Tool Center and Tool Edge. These are found
in the Preferences dialog, Machining Prefs. tab, Mill CRC Type.
- The Tool Center option outputs code to the center of the tool in contouring and roughing
operations.
- The Tool Edge option outputs code to the edge of the tool in contouring operations.
However, it outputs to the center of the tool in roughing operations.
- Many CNCs need CRC turned on (e.g. G41/G42) on the entry line move. This is a move
immediately prior to the first cutting move. This line move can be programmed by
specifying an Entry Line move in the Contour Process window.
- Many CNCs need CRC turned off (e.g. G40) on the exit line move. This is a move
immediately following the last cutting move. This line move can be programmed by
specifying an Exit Line move in the Contour Process window.
- If the Tool Center option is selected, the value entered into the CNC control’s offset
register should be 0. The system has already compensated the values in the output by
the tool radius.
- If the Tool Edge option is selected, the value entered into the CNC control’s offset register
should be the tool radius. The values in the output are to the edge of the tool.
- The method that CRC is output in the posted code can be changed through a post
modification.
• Subprograms vs. Long Hand
- The Prefer Subs checkbox in process dialogs only toggles between subprograms and long
hand output for multiple Z steps in contouring and roughing operations.
- The Prefer Subs checkbox is not available for drilling operations. If multiple processes are
used for multiple holes, drilling subprograms will be created.
- Patterns, multiple parts, and rotary repeats will always output subprograms.
- If a Long Hand post is used, no subprograms will be output.
• Absolute Subs vs. Incremental Subs
- The system will only output incremental subprograms during Pattern, Mill Bore, and
Thread Milling operations. All other operations that create subprograms will do so in
absolute.
- However, a subprogram that uses ramping or helical milling for entry moves output these
moves in incremental. After the entry moves are complete, the subprogram switches
back to absolute for all remaining moves.

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 Post Processing

- If incremental output is selected in the Post window, all moves are incremental.

Feature Drilling
The Feature Drill capability allows for multiple R levels in a drill cycle. When used with existing
posts these multi-R level operations will be split into a separate operation for each R level. The
machined results are exactly the same, just the appearance of your posted output will be
different. It is highly recommended that you take a close look at the posted output of your first
feature drill part in this release. If you request it, and your machine supports it, your post can be
upgraded to output multiple R levels within a single drill cycle.

Advanced CS
Advanced CS is an option in GibbsCAM. An Advanced CS post is needed when coordinate
systems are defined in any part. An Advanced CS post has the same capability as a 3-axis post.
A 3-axis post is no longer needed if an Advanced CS post is available.

Label Definitions
There are three different letter designations for Advanced CS Posts. Most customers use either
a “B” or “C” style post. Both the “B” and “C” style posts fall back to “D” style output if they exceed
the maximum number of work fixture offsets available for a particular CNC machine.

This post style is useful for multiple setups of the same part, tombstone work and
machines without automatic rotation capability.
The “B” style post uses a Work Fixture Offset for any machining coordinate system. All of
B the X-, Y-, Z-, A- and B-axis offsets must be stored in the control's Work Fixture Offsets.
The output of the rotary axes will always be zero (A0 and/or B0). The X-, Y-, Z-, A- and B-
axis offsets are output in the operation comments. Example:
Fanuc 6M [FW] B001.16.pst
This post style is useful if you have a 4th and/or 5th axis rotary table.
The “C” Style post also use Work Fixture Offsets for any machining coordinate system.
Only the X-, Y- and Z-axis offsets must be stored in the control's Work Fixture Offsets.
C
The A- and B-axis rotations are output in the G-code. The X-, Y- and Z-axis offsets are
output in the operation comments. Example:
Fanuc 6M [PW] C001.16.pst
This post style is useful for 4th and/or 5th axis parts and you do not want to use Work
Fixture Offsets. It is also useful if you do not like having to input data into the control's
Work Fixture Offsets.
D The “D” Style post uses one Work Fixture Offset for the entire part. This means that the
X-, Y- and Z-axis values in the G-code are offset based on the machining coordinate
system. The A- and B-axis rotations are output in the G-code. Example:
Fanuc 6M [NW] D001.16.pst

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 Post Processing

Any Advanced CS post can be modified into a Long Hand post. Examples:
Fanuc 6M [FW] NB299.16.pst
N
Fanuc 6M [PW] NC299.16.pst
Fanuc 6M [NW] ND299.16.pst

Code Issues
• Advanced CS vs. Simple Positioning and/or Polar & Cylindrical Milling
- An Advanced CS post is incompatible with a Simple Positioning post or a post that
supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling. If you use coordinate systems to specify rotations,
you need to use an Advanced CS post.
• Master Clearance Plane
- The value entered into the Z clearance plane in the Document Control dialog is a fixed
point in space. This position or location is not relative to the current coordinate system. In
other words, this value is always local to the home coordinate system.
- This value is output at the beginning of each new tool operation and at the beginning of a
same tool operation if there is a new coordinate system specified.
- If this value is not entered correctly, it is very possible that the system will produce
unexpected negative Z rapid moves. Therefore, It is essential to make sure this value is
clear of all machining coordinate system rotations.
• Rotate to Shortest Distance
- The system calculates the shortest distance to rotate from one coordinate system to
another. For example, the system will output a positive move in the clockwise direction to
get from 270° to 0° degrees. The system will output a negative move in the
counterclockwise direction to get from 90° to 0°. The system will output either a clockwise
or a counterclockwise move to get from 180° to 0°.

4-Axis Simple Positioning

Rotation information entered in the Rotate tab for the process is output in a Simple Positioning
post. A Simple Positioning post uses either the A-axis or the B-axis to rotate the part into
position. A Simple Positioning post has the same capabilities as a 3-axis post. A 3-axis post is no
longer needed if a Simple Positioning post is available.

Label Definitions
This designates a 4th axis positioning post. A Simple Positioning post will output an A-
P axis move in the G-code. No Work Fixture Offsets will be used in the rotation of the part.
Example:

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 Post Processing

Fanuc 6M [VG] PM001.19.pst

This designates a Simple Positioning post which will output a B-axis move in the G-code.
Y No Work Fixture Offsets will be used in the rotation of the part. Example:
Fanuc 6M [VG] YPM001.19.pst
Any Simple Positioning post can be modified into a Long Hand post. Examples:
N Fanuc 6M [VG] NPM299.19.pst
Fanuc 6M [VG] NYPM299.19.pst

Code Issues
• Simple Positioning vs. Advanced CS
- A Simple Positioning post is incompatible with an Advanced CS post. If you use
coordinate systems to specify rotations, you need to use an Advanced CS post.
• Origin of Rotation
- In Simple Positioning, the origin of rotation of the X-, Y- and Z-axes must be 0.

Posts That Support Rotary and Cylindrical Milling

If you program Wrapped Geometry, or choose the Polar & Cylindrical Milling option button in the
Rotate tab, you will need a post that supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling. A post of this sort uses
either the A OR B-axis to rotate and machine the part simultaneously, and otherwise has the
same capabilities as a 3-axis post or a Simple Positioning post. You do not need a 3-axis postor
Simple Positioning Post if a post that supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling is available.

Label Definitions
This designates a 4th axis post that supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling. The post will
output an A-axis move in the G-code. Cutting of wrapped arcs will be broken into linear
R segments. No Work Fixture Offsets will be used in the rotation of the part. Example:
Fanuc 6M [VG] RM001.19.pst
This designates a 4th axis post that supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling. The post will
output a B-axis move in the G-code. Cutting of wrapped arcs will be broken into linear
Y segments. No Work Fixture Offsets will be used in the rotation of the part. Example:
Fanuc 6M [VG] YRM001.19.pst
This designates a post that supports supports Cylindrical Interpolation. The post will
output a G2 or G3 with rotary moves. Examples:
I
Fanuc 6M [VG] IRM001.19.pst
Fanuc 6M [VG] YIRM001.19.pst

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 Post Processing

Any post that supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling can be modified into a Long Hand post.
Examples:

N Fanuc 6M [VG] NRM299.19.pst

Fanuc 6M [VG] NYRM299.19.pst
Fanuc 6M [VG] NYIRM299.19.pst

Code Issues
• Polar & Cylindrical Milling vs. Advanced CS
- A post that supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling is incompatible with an Advanced CS
post. If you use coordinate systems to specify rotations, you need to use an Advanced
CS post.
• Origin of Rotation
- In Polar & Cylindrical Milling, the origin of rotation of the X-, Y- and Z-axes must be 0.
• Rotary Feedrates
- Most rotary feedrates are calculated in Degrees Per Minute per rotary segment based on
its length. Since the length of each segment is variable, the system outputs a different
feedrate for each segment. The resulting rotary feedrate can be a large value based on
the Degrees Per Minute calculation.
- Certain CNCs, such as Haas and Mazak, calculate rotary feedrates using Inverse Time.
Any post that supports Polar & Cylindrical Milling can be modified to use Inverse Time for
feedrates.

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 Communications

Communications
The system contains integrated communications. Third party communications packages can
also be used to communicate with CNC machines. Before data can be sent to the CNC machine,
the communication parameters need to be set up. To access the Com Set-Up tab choose File >
Preferences. This dialog is used to set up communication protocols needed for sending a file to a
control or receiving a file from the control. Different controls have different protocols
(parameters). Refer to the machine control manual for the necessary protocol specifications.
For detailed information about Communication refer to the section in the Getting Started guide.

Protocols
Adding
To add a new protocol, type a new name and change the settings for the machine. Click the Add
button. The name will appear in the list.

Changing

To change a protocol, select it from the protocol list and modify the information. The changes are
automatically saved.
Removing
To remove a protocol, select the protocol from the list and click the Remove button.

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 Appendix

Appendix

The Interface preference contains an option for two interface levels, Level 1 and Level 2. Level 2
is the default and provides a more complete, feature-rich environment. Level 1 is a simpler
interface that some users may prefer if they do not need all the options or flexibility that Level 2
offers. You may think of Level 1 as a training interface that hides the more complicated features.
This section details the different interface options found in Level 1.

Not Included In Interface Level 1

Level 1 is exclusive to a 3-axis milling MDD. All other milling MDDs require Level 2. For most
operations that require a simple milling process and geometry, the Level 1 interface is the best
way to learn the most important basics of milling. There are however several things that cannot
be done in the Level 1 interface.
• Any surfaces or solids manipulation as described in any of the solids manuals which includes
- Global Tolerance settings
- Surface Machining
Solids will not be visible or selectable until switching to Level 2.
• Rotated Coordinates as used in Advanced CS, Mill/Turn or Multi-Task Machining
All Coordinate system options are hidden in Level 1, including the grid, lists and palette.
• Advanced Contour and Roughing options
- Stay In Stock
- Material Only
- Advanced Entry And Exit
- Hit Flats
- Open Sides - limited to fixed parameters based on tool size
• Access to some workspace context menus is disabled

189
 Appendix

Workgroups
To access different workgroups in Level 1, the Workgroup list and information dialogs are
located within the geometry palette in addition to on the command palette.

Interface
The interface is different in Level 1. The Floating Toolbar is not present, the Commands Palette
is simpler, and the Process selection palette has fewer options.

190
 Conventions

Conventions
GibbsCAM documentation uses two special fonts to represent screen text and keystrokes or
mouse actions. Other conventions in text and graphics are used to allow quick skimming, to
suppress irrelevancy, or to indicate links.

Text
Screen text. Text with this appearance indicates text that appears in GibbsCAM or on your monitor.
Typically this is a button or text for a dialog.
Keystroke/Mouse. Text with this appearance indicates a keystroke or mouse action, such as
Ctrl+C or right-click.
Code. Text with this appearance indicates computer code, such as lines in a macro or a block
of G-code.

Graphics
Some graphics are altered so as to de-emphasize irrelevant information. A “torn” edge signifies
an intentional omission. Portions of a graphic might be blurred or dimmed to highlight the item
being discussed. For example:

Annotations on a graphic are usually numbered callouts (as seen above), and sometimes
include green circles, arrows, or tie-lines to focus attention on a particular portion of the graphic.

191
 Links to Online Resources

Links to Online Resources

Please contact your reseller for support.

Link URL Action / Description

Go http://www.GibbsCAM.com Opens the main website for GibbsCAM.

Opens Gibbs Online page to download

Go https://online.gibbscam.com
GibbsCAM and all supported material.

192
 Index

Auto, Helix end at SP 101, 106

# Auto+
in Mill Feature tab 50
# Flutes 32
Automatic/From Attribute 51, 76
# of Teeth 34
Axis Rotation 175
# of Times to Repeat
Axis setup
Rotate 137
4th 9
# Passes 82, 97
1 Direction 56 B
2 1/2 Axis Surfacing 162-163
4th Axis setup 9 Back & Forth, Mill
Contouring 81, 83
90° Line, Entry and Exit 84, 93, 102 Face Milling 117
508MT (Willemin) Back Bore 28
and Clearance Volume 13 Surface values 60
Ball Endmill 25
A Tapered 35
Before Zig Zag 112
Absolute Subs 183
Bore Diameter 72
Absolute/From Attribute 50, 76
Boring Bar 28
absolute-only controls
Boring Head 28
in Mill Feature tab 51, 76
Boss 122
Actual Z Step 82, 97
Bottom Corner Radius 32, 44
Advanced CS 184-187
Bottom Up 81
Air Geometry 155
BT
Angle
Tool holder class 12
Helix 88, 101, 106, 108
Rotate 137 Buttons
Document Control 8
Approach Z
Material 17
attribute-driven control 50
At Op End
attribute-driven control 76 C
attribute-driven controls
in Mill Feature tab 50, 76 Capto
Tool holder class 12
Auto Plunge 100, 104, 113
CAT
Auto Z, Pre-Mill 75 Tool holder class 12
Auto, Helix center at SP 101, 106

- 193 -
 Index: Caterpillar – depths diagram

Caterpillar Corner Drilling 74

Tool holder class 12
Corner, Pre-Mill 75
Center at Entry Start Point
Countersink 26
Helix 88, 108
CP2 (Entry Clearance Plane)
Center at SP 101, 106, 109
Contour process 79, 95
Center at XY Position 101, 106, 109
CP3 (Exit Clearance Plane)
Clear Periphery 112 Contour process 79, 95
Clearance CRC 45, 74, 88, 107, 183
Drill process 55
CRC Line 125-126
Open Sides tab 121
Advanced Radius Entry/Exit 140
Clearance (Δ) 12-13 Line Entry/Exit 142
Clearance Amount, Bore 72 Custom stock 17
Clearance Delta (Volume) 12 Custom Stock 17
With Hole 19
Clearance Diameter, Bore 72
Cut
Clearance Diameter, Thread 130
Helix 87, 108
Clearance Moves 84, 93, 102, 158, 162
Cut Angle 110-111
Entry Moves 159
Exit Moves 161-162 Cut Back On Wall 114
Clearance Plane Cut Diameter, Thread 130
Master 12
Cut direction 147
Clearance Position 60
Cut Feed
Clearance Volume 12 Drill process 55
Clearance, Face Milling 119 Cut shape
geometry 147
Climb / Conventional Cut, Bore 74
markers 147
Climb Cut 107
Cut Shape Direction 81
(illustrated) 74, 83, 107
Cut Width 110-111
Closed Pockets 133
Roughing 93
CNC machine 188
CutDATA material library 17
Comment, tool 24
Cutter Radius Compensation 24
Communication
Cutter Side
Set Up 188
toolpath 148
Communications 188
Cutter Side and Direction 149
Com Set-Up dialog 188
Protocols 188 Cutting Diameter 32
Contour Cutter Comp 44 Cutting Tip Length 33-34
Contour Feed 78, 93
Contour Function 47 D
Contouring 77
markers 147 Default Stock 10
Conventional Cut Depth First 82, 98
(illustrated) 74, 83, 107 Depths Diagram
Coolant 62, 89, 99, 131 Contouring 78, 94

Corner Break 88, 107 depths diagram 78, 94

- 194 -
 Index: Desired Z Step – Extra Stepover

Desired Z Step 82, 97 Dwell

Drill process 55
Dialogs
Document Control 8
Materials 17
Process 17
E
Diameter End point
Helix 88, 108 move 148
Dimension from Hole 59 Endmill
Dimension from Hole or Tool 61 Ball 25
Bullnose 25
Dimensions Finish 25
Part 10 Rough 25
DIN69871 Engraving 169
Tool holder class 12
Entry And Exit
Direction Advanced 84, 94
toolpath 148 Contour 84, 93
Do It 47, 145 Offset Roughing 102

Document Control Entry Clearance Plane 60

button 8 Entry Clearance Plane (CP2)
Document Control dialog 8 Contour process 79, 95
Clearance (Δ) 12 Entry Feed 78, 93
Clearance Plane Z 12 Drill process 55
D-pointer Entry Hole 47, 74
drive curve 148
swept walls 147 Entry Radius
Advanced Radius Entry/Exit 141
D-Pointer Marker 147-149, 163
Entry Style 99
Draft Angle 34
Entry Type, Feed 86, 104, 113
Drill 52
Center Drill 27 Entry, Pre-Mill 75
Feed In – Feed Out 52 Entry/Exit
Feed In - Rapid Out 52 Advanced 103
Gun Drill 58 Connect 85
Spot 26
Standard 26 Entry/Exit Angle
Line Entry/Exit 142
Drill Surface Z 60-61
Entry/Exit Clearance Diagram
Drill Tool Type Specs 33 Drilling 56
Drilling 51, 75 Thread Milling 128
Clearance 55 Entry/Exit Radius 125
Clearance Diagram 56
Entry/Exit Cycle 52 Exit Clearance Plane 60, 68
Drilling Depth, Variable 57 Exit Clearance Plane (CP3)
Contour process 79, 95
Drive curve
D-pointer 148 Exit Moves 140
Drive/Trim Curves 121 External Corner Moves 88, 106
Duplicate Extra Offsets
Rotate 137 Contour process 84
Extra Stepover
Contour process 84

- 195 -
 Index: Face Mill – Island Stock

Helix End at Entry Start Point 88, 108

F Helix end at SP 109
Helix Entry 87, 100-101, 105-106
Face Mill 25
Helix Location 88, 108
Face Milling 89, 115
Helix OD 108
Feature Depth Z 80, 95
attribute-driven control 50, 76 Hit Flats 83
for Roughing and Contouring 98
Feed
Drill process 55 Hit Parallel Walls 111
Feeds Holder 1/?? 43
materials 17
Holder Class 43
Tool ☑ button 78, 92
Hole 122
Fewest Offsets 124
Blind 19
File Management 8 Through 19
Fillet Center, Pre-Mill 75 Hole Depth 61
Finish Endmill 25 Holes function 47
Finish Mill Bore 53 Hollow taper shank holders
Type A 12
First Cut, Face Milling 118
Hollow Tool Diameter 36
Fixtures, Local 47
HSK
Floor Z 44, 80, 95
Tool holder class 12
Flute Length 33, 36
Fly Cutter 25 I
Form Tool 30
From Attribute/Absolute 51, 76 Ignore Prior Tool Profile 112-113
From Tool Center (CRC) 45 Ignore Tool Profile 85, 103-104
From Tool Edge 45 Include Line Entry/Exit? 127
From Tool Edge (CRC) 45 Include Radius? 126
Advanced Radius Entry/Exit 141
Front Length 43
Incremental Angle
Full Diameter Z 61, 68 Rotate 137
Function Tile 48 Incremental Depth 61, 68
Incremental Feature Depth 79, 95
G Incremental Subs 183
Incremental Tip Z 79
Gage Length 43
Incremental tip Z 95
Geometry
cut shape 147 Incremental/Absolute/From Attribute 51,
Gun Drill 58 76
interop moves
Clearance Volume 13
H
interpolation
using Clearance Volume 14
Helix Bore 53
Island Stock 103, 110
Helix dialog 100, 105, 120

- 196 -
 Index: Keyway Cutter – Open Pocket Parameters

Material Only 85, 88-89, 103-104, 107,

K 112, 121, 132-136
Material Only Definition 132
Keyway Cutter 25
Materials
dialog 17
L feeds 17
speeds 17
Line and 90° Radius, Entry and Exit 84, Max Angle, Pre-Mill 75
93, 102 Max Cut
Line Entry/Exit 126, 142 Helix 100, 106
Pocket Ramp 105, 113
List
Tool 21 Max Diameter 43
Load H1 D 57 Max Tool Overlap 74
Load H1D 62 Min Cut 111
Loading Process Groups 143, 146 Minimum Cut
Open Sides tab 89, 121
Lollipop tools 26
illustrated 26 Move End Point 148
Long Hand Posts 183 Move Start Point 148

M N
Mach. CS 62, 89, 99, 132 National Machine Tool Builder
standard 12
Machine Space
Clearance Volume 13 NMTB
Tool holder class 12
Machine Type 8
No Retracts 111
Machining CS 137
attribute-driven control 50, 76 Non-Cutting Tip Height 34
Machining Markers 147, 170 Non-Cutting Tip Length 33
How To Use 147
Machining Order O
Mill pockets 106
Machining palette 46 Off Part Distance 125-126
Main Tool Diameter 32 Advanced Radius Entry/Exit 141
Line Entry/Exit 142
Markers
contouring 147 Off Part Line 125-126
D-pointer 147 Advanced Radius Entry/Exit 141
roughing 147 Line Entry/Exit 142
swept walls 147 Offset 44, 123
Master Clearance Plane 185 Calculation 44
XY 24
Material 122 Z 24
Material button 17, 54, 78, 92 One direction 81
Material Database 17, 24 One Direction, Face Milling 117
Material library Open Pocket Parameters
CutDATA 17 Clearance 121

- 197 -
 Index: Open Pocket Past Stock – Retract Position

Minimum Cut 89, 121 Polar & Cylindrical Milling 175

Overlap Finish 89, 121 checkbox in Rotate tab 137
code issues 185
Open Pocket Past Stock 89, 121
posts that support 186
Open Pockets 134 posts, code issues 187
Open Sides 120 Position
Clearance 121 Rotate 137
Minimum Cut 89, 121
Overlap Finish 89, 121 Pre-Defined Tool Holder 43

Options checkbox 22 Prefer Same Stroke Continuation 114

Origin of Rotation 186 Prefer Subs 82

for Roughing or Contouring 98
Outermost Shape as Boss 104
Preferences
Overall Tool Length 32 Cutter Comp 45
Printing 174
Overhang 120
Overlap 85, 103 Printing
Toolpath 174
Overlap Finish
Open Sides tab 89, 121 Process
dialog 17
Loading Saved 144
P Process dialogs 48, 130
Process Group 143
Part
Set Up 8 Process List 48, 143
Part Body 47 Pull-Off
Drill process 56
Part Dimensions 10
Part Space
Clearance Volume 13 R
Pattern 62, 89, 99, 131
R Level 67
Patterns 167, 170 attribute-driven control 76
Peck 53 Radial Geometry 176
% of Tool Diameter 55
Peck - Chip Break 53 Radius Entry/Exit 140
Peck - Full Out 53 Ramp Angle
Peck Amounts 55 Pocket Ramp 105, 114
Var. Peck - Chip Break 53 ZigZag Periphery Ramp 114
Var. Peck - Full Out 53
View Peck Depths 55 Ramp dialog 100

Peck Chip Break 55-56 Ramp Down 83

Peck Full Out 55 Ramp Entry 86, 100, 105

Zig Zag, Periphery 114
Pitch 34, 130 ZigZag 113
Plunge Entry 86, 104, 113 Rapid In 80, 95
Pocket 122 Redo 47
Chamfering 44
Reset All to Absolute 76
Pocket Stock 103, 110
Retract
Pocket tab 92 Drill process 56
Retract Position 12

- 198 -
 Index: Retract to... – Swept Shape Walls

Retract to... 57, 68 Simple Positioning 185-186

Retract Z Sizes 34
attribute-driven control 50
Slope
Retracts 82, 97 Helix 87, 108
Reverse Order Slope Z
Drill process 57 Helix 100, 106
Pocket Ramp 105, 114
Ridge Height 81, 97, 165
ZigZag Periphery Ramp 114
Rigid Tap 26
Solids Tab 120
Rotary Interpolation 175
SolidSurfacer 47
Rough Endmill 25
Speed 54, 78, 93
Rough Mill Bore 53
Speeds
Roughing materials 17
markers 147 Tool ☑ button 78, 92
Roughing function 47 Spiral In, Face Milling 117
Round Corners 88, 106 Spot Diameter 61, 68
Roundover Tool 28 Spot Face 25
Spring Passes 85, 103
S Standards
National Machine Tool Builder 12
Same as Approach Z/Absolute/From Start Corner, Face Milling 117
Attribute 51
Start On Right 111
Same as R Level/Absolute/From
Start Point
Attribute 76 Helix 87, 100, 105, 107
Sandvik Capto Pocket Ramp 105, 113
Tool holder class 12 Ramp 86
Saving Process Groups 144 Start point
move 148
Saving Processes 144
Stay In Stock 85
Saving Tool Data 144
Stay in Stock 85
Scallop height 81, 97
Stay On Periphery 111
Shank Diameter 33
Stock
Shank holders Custom 17
Type A hollow taper 12
Custom with hole 19
Shank Neck 33 Extruded 18
Revolved 18
Shank Taper 33
Stock Allowance 84
Shape Step 81, 97, 163, 165
Stock, Local 47
Sharp Tip Diameter 36
Straight Walls 80, 96
Sharp Tip Z 61
Style of Threadmill 34
Sharp, Pre-Mill 75
Subprograms 183
Shell Mill 25
Surface Z 44, 79, 95
Show Clearance Volume
Customization 13 Surfacing function 47
Swept Shape Walls 80-81, 96

- 199 -
 Index: Swept Shapes – Vary R With Feature

Swept Shapes 163-164 Tool Type Diagrams 23, 31

Swept surfaces Tool Data available 78, 92
D-marker 148
Tool Diagram 23
Tool dialog 21
T Tool Holder Class 12
Tap 52 Tool holder class
Peck Tap - Full Out 52 BT 12
Peck Tap - Retract 52 Capto 12
Rigid Tap 52 CAT 12
Caterpillar 12
Tap % DIN69871 12
Drill process 55 HSK 12
Taper 34 NMTB 12

Taper Length 33 Tool Holder Definition 23, 39

Tapered Tools 31, 44-45 Tool Location 24
Tapered Walls 81, 97, 162 Tool Tile 48, 144
with Fillets 80, 96 Toolpath
Tapers with Fillets 165 Cutter Side 148
Direction 148
Tapping Tool 26 End Feature 148
Text Creation dialog 170 End Point 148
Start Feature 148
Thread Cutter 25 Start Point 148
Thread Direction 129 Toolpath Direction 81
Thread Milling 127, 130 Top Corner Radius 33
Thread Milling function 47 Top Down 81
Thread Type 129 Top Surface Z 68
Tiles attribute-driven control 50, 76
Tool Tiles 144 TPI 34
Tip Angle 33 TPI (Threads Per Inch) 130
Tip Diameter 33 Trim 124
Tip Distance 61 TrueType Fonts 170
To Cut Selection, Face Milling 116 Type A hollow taper shank holders 12
Tool
Custom 30
ID 24
U
Length Offset 24
Material 24 Use Stock 103, 112
Tapered 36
User D Step 81, 97, 163
Tool ☑ button 78, 92 User Plunge dialog 100, 104
Tool Center 44-45
Tool Creation dialog 21, 31
Comment 24
V
Length out of Holder 23
Options checkbox 35 Vary Depth With Geometry
Tool Material 24 Drill process 57
Tool Type buttons 22 Vary R With Feature 64

- 200 -
 Index: VNC Files – Zig Zag

VNC Files 182

W
Wall Choices 96
Wall Choices dialog 81
Wall Clearance
Helix 101, 106
Pocket Helix 108
Pocket Ramp 105, 114
Wall Control button 80, 96
Willemin 508MT
and Clearance Volume 13
Workspace 10
Workspace Stock
Dimensions 10
Wrap Geometry 175-176
Wrapped Geometry 186

X
X Y Z Values 10
XY Ramp Angle
Pocket Ramp 105

Z
Z Clearance, Pre-Mill 75
Z Ramp 125-126
Advanced Radius Entry/Exit 141
Line Entry/Exit 143
Z SP
Helix 87, 100, 105, 107
Pocket Ramp 105, 113
Ramp 86
Z Start Point
ZigZag Periphery Ramp 114
Z Stock 84, 103, 111
Zig Zag
Face Milling 117
Roughing 109

- 201 -