ORNAMENTAL FISH

SURVEY
Presented by : Arpit 241016
CONTENT
➢ Overview of our survey
➢ List of fishes
➢ List of medicines
➢ List of food
List of fishes

➢PLECO CATFISH (₹40 TO ₹70)

➢FLOWERHORN FISH (₹1500-₹2500)
➢MOLLY FISH (₹10 TO ₹20)
➢PARROT FISH (₹200 TO ₹600)
➢KOI FISH (₹900 TO ₹1000)
PLECO CATFISH (₹40
TO ₹70)

The pleco catfish, also known as plecostomus or

simply "pleco," is a popular freshwater fish
commonly kept in aquariums. Here's a detailed
overview:
Scientific Classification
➢ Common Name: Pleco, Plecostomus
➢ Scientific Name: Hypostomus plecostomus (used
broadly, though it includes many species in the
Loricariidae family)
➢ Family: Loricariidae
➢ Origin: Native to rivers and streams of South
America, particularly the Amazon Basin.
 Physical Characteristics
➢ Appearance:
• Large, flat head with an elongated body covered in bony plates.
• Mouth adapted for suction, allowing them to attach to surfaces and scrape algae.
• Color varies, often brown with lighter spots or patterns.
➢ Size:
• In the wild, plecos can grow up to 24 inches (60 cm).
• In home aquariums, they typically reach 12-15 inches (30-38 cm), depending on tank size.

Behavior and Temperament

➢ Nocturnal: Active during the night; they hide during the day.
➢ Algae Eater: Known for cleaning tanks by eating algae, but this is not their sole
diet.
➢ Compatibility: Generally peaceful but may become territorial with other plecos.
 Care Requirements
➢Tank Size:
• Minimum of 75 gallons for adults due to their large size.
➢Water Parameters:
• Temperature: 72–82°F (22–28°C)
• pH: 6.5–7.5
• Soft to moderately hard water.
➢Diet:
Omnivorous: While they eat algae, they need additional food like algae wafers,
vegetables (zucchini, cucumber), and protein-rich foods like shrimp pellets.
➢Habitat Setup:
Provide driftwood (helps with digestion) and plenty of hiding spots.
Keep the water clean with strong filtration, as they produce a lot of waste.
FLOWERHORN FISH
(₹1500-₹2500)

Scientific Classification

➢ Scientific Name: Hybrid species (not

found in the wild; a hybrid of cichlid
species)
➢ Common Name: Flowerhorn,
Flowerhorn Cichlid
➢ Family: Cichlidae
➢ Origin: Man-made hybrid created in
Southeast Asia in the late 1990s.
 Physical Characteristics
➢ Appearance:
• Hump: A prominent "nuchal hump" (kok) on their heads, larger in
males.
• Colors: Bright and varied, often red, orange, yellow, or blue with black
markings that resemble flower patterns or Chinese characters.
• Fins: Large and flowing dorsal and tail fins.
➢ Size:
Typically grows to 10-16 inches (25-40 cm) in captivity.
➢ Lifespan:
Lives 8-10 years with proper care.
 Behavior
➢Personality: Aggressive and territorial, especially toward
other fish.
➢Interaction: Known to recognize owners and can be trained
to eat from their hands.
 Tank Requirements
➢Tank Size:
• Minimum of 55 gallons (208 liters) for a single fish.
• Larger tanks needed for multiple fish due to their aggressive nature.
➢Water Conditions:
• Temperature: 26-30°C (79-86°F)
• pH: 6.5-8.0
• Water Hardness: 9-20 dGH
➢Substrate and Decor:
• Sand or gravel substrate, with minimal decorations to allow ample swimming space.
➢Filtration and Maintenance:
• Strong filtration to handle their high waste production.
• Regular water changes to maintain quality.
 Diet
➢ Type: Omnivorous
➢ Common Foods:
• High-quality pellets (specially formulated for Flowerhorns).
• Live or frozen foods: Bloodworms, brine shrimp, and small fish.
• Vegetables like spinach or peas occasionally.

Breeding
➢ Breeding Flowerhorns can be challenging due to their hybrid nature.
➢ Setup: Provide a separate breeding tank with flat rocks for egg-laying.
➢ Egg Care: Females protect eggs aggressively, but males may need to be separated if overly
aggressive.
MOLLY FISH (₹10 TO
₹20)

Scientific Classification
➢ Scientific Name: Poecilia sphenops
➢ Family: Poeciliidae
➢ Native Habitat: Central and South
America; often found in rivers, coastal
brackish waters, and lagoons.
 Physical Appearance
➢ Size: Typically 3–4 inches (7.5–10 cm); some larger breeds (like Sailfin Molly)
can grow up to 6 inches (15 cm).
➢ Colors: Available in many colors and patterns, including black, silver, gold,
dalmatian (spotted), and lyretail varieties.
➢ Sexual Dimorphism: Males are smaller with a gonopodium (modified anal
fin), while females are rounder and larger.

Behavior
➢ Temperament: Peaceful; suitable for community tanks.
➢ Activity: Active swimmers; enjoy exploring their environment.
➢ Social: Prefer groups of at least 4–6.
 Tank Requirements
➢ Tank Size: Minimum 20 gallons for a small group.
➢ Water Temperature: 72–78°F (22–26°C).
➢ pH Level: 7.5–8.5 (prefer slightly alkaline water).
➢ Water Hardness: Moderately hard to hard.
➢ Filtration: Requires a well-filtered tank due to sensitivity to water quality.
➢ Decorations: Add plants, driftwood, and open swimming spaces.

Diet
➢ Type: Omnivorous.
➢ Food:
• Flakes or pellets for livebearers.
• Live/frozen foods: brine shrimp, bloodworms.
• Vegetables: spinach, zucchini, and algae.
 Reproduction
➢Type: Livebearers (give birth to live fry).
➢Breeding: Easy; females can store sperm and give birth multiple times without re-
mating.
➢Fry Care: Provide hiding spots (e.g., plants) to protect fry from being eaten by
adults.

Common Issues
➢Diseases: Susceptible to ich, fin rot, and other common freshwater diseases.
➢Overbreeding: Can lead to overcrowding in tanks.
➢Sensitive to Water Changes: Requires stable water parameters.
PARROT FISH (₹200 TO ₹600)

Scientific Classification
➢ Scientific Name: Not naturally
occurring (a hybrid, likely from Midas
Cichlid and Redhead Cichlid).
➢ Family: Cichlidae.
➢ Origin: Bred in captivity.
➢ Lifespan: 10–15 years with proper care.
 Physical Characteristics
➢ Size: 6–10 inches (15–25 cm).
➢ Coloration: Bright red is the most common, but they may also appear in orange,
yellow, and pale shades. Dyed varieties exist but are discouraged due to ethical
concerns.
➢ Distinctive Features:
• Beak-like mouth (deformity due to hybridization).
• Round, balloon-shaped body.
• Large, expressive eyes.
• Fused or small jaws limit feeding ability but add to their characteristic “smile.”
 Temperament and Behavior
➢Temperament:
• Generally peaceful, especially compared to other cichlids.
• Can be semi-aggressive, especially in small tanks or during feeding time.
➢Compatibility:
• Suitable for community tanks with similar-sized, non-aggressive fish.
• Good tankmates: Angelfish, Severums, Gouramis, and some Tetras.
• Avoid: Aggressive cichlids or fin-nippers like Tiger Barbs.
➢Activity:
• Active swimmers; they love exploring tank decorations.
• Can recognize their owner and exhibit playful behavior.
 Tank Requirements
Tank Size:
• Minimum: 30 gallons for one fish.
• Recommended: 50–75 gallons for a group.
Water Parameters:
• Temperature: 76–80°F (24–27°C).
• pH: 6.5–7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral).
• Hardness: Moderate.
Filtration:
• Strong filtration is needed due to their messy eating habits.
• Regular water changes are crucial to maintain water quality.
Tank Setup:
• Substrate: Smooth gravel or sand.
• Decorations: Add caves, rocks, and driftwood for hiding spots.
• Plants: Hardy plants (e.g., Java Fern, Anubias) to withstand their digging tendencies.
 Diet
➢Type: Omnivorous.
➢Food Preferences:
• High-quality cichlid pellets.
• Protein sources: Brine shrimp, bloodworms, and frozen foods.
• Vegetables: Blanched spinach, zucchini, and shelled peas.
➢Feeding Tips: Due to their fused jaw, offer small, bite-sized
food. Feed 2–3 times daily in small portions.
 Breeding
➢Breeding Challenges:
• Blood Parrots can lay eggs, but males are usually infertile.
• Successful breeding is rare but possible with non-hybrid males (like Convict
Cichlids).
➢Behavior: During breeding, they may become territorial.
➢Egg Care: Parents often guard eggs but may eat them if stressed.
Common Health Issues
➢Swim Bladder Problems: Due to their body shape. Avoid overfeeding.
➢Mouth Infections: Their unique jaw structure makes them prone to
injuries.
➢Ich and Fin Rot: Keep water parameters stable to prevent these
common ailments.
KOI FISH (₹900 TO ₹1000)

Scientific Classification
• Common Name: Koi Fish.
• Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio.
• Family: Cyprinidae.
• Origin: Domesticated version of the common
carp, originally from Eastern Asia (China and
Japan).
• Lifespan: 25–35 years on average; some can live
over 50 years with optimal care.
• Symbolism: In Japanese culture, koi symbolize
perseverance, prosperity, and good fortune.
 Physical Characteristics
➢ Size:
• Average: 12–24 inches (30–60 cm).
• Large specimens: Can grow up to 3 feet (90 cm) in ideal pond conditions.

➢ Colors:
• Vibrant hues include white, black, red, orange, yellow, blue, and metallic.
• Patterns: Varieties like Kohaku (white with red markings), Sanke (white with red and black), and Ogon (solid metallic colors).
➢ Body: Sleek and torpedo-shaped, with barbels (whisker-like structures) near their mouths.

Behavior
➢ Temperament:
• Peaceful and social, thriving in groups.
• Non-aggressive, compatible with other pond fish like goldfish.

➢ Social Structure:
• Prefer groups of at least 3–5 koi for mental well-being.
• Can recognize and interact with their owner.

➢ Activity: Active swimmers; enjoy exploring their environment.

 Tank Requirements
➢ Size:
• Minimum pond depth: 3 feet (1 meter) to provide adequate swimming space and protection from predators.
• Volume: 1,000 gallons minimum for a small group of koi; larger ponds for adult koi.

➢ Water Parameters:
• Temperature: 65–75°F (18–24°C); can tolerate cold winters if the pond doesn’t freeze solid.
• pH: 7.0–8.0 (neutral to slightly alkaline).
• Hardness: Moderate to hard water preferred.

➢ Filtration:
• Robust filtration system required to handle waste and maintain water quality.
• Aeration: Ensure sufficient oxygen levels using waterfalls, fountains, or aerators.

➢ Maintenance:
• Regular water testing for ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates.
• Partial water changes (10–20% weekly) to maintain cleanliness.

➢ Environment:
• Substrate: Smooth rocks or gravel.
• Plants: Hardy pond plants like lilies, duckweed, and hornwort; avoid species koi might uproot.
• Cover: Provide shaded areas and shelters to protect from predators and direct sunlight.
 Diet
➢Type: Omnivorous.
➢Dietary Needs:
• High-quality koi pellets.
• Fresh vegetables: Lettuce, spinach, peas, and zucchini.
• Protein: Earthworms, brine shrimp, or bloodworms.
• Natural foraging: Algae and aquatic plants in the pond.
➢Seasonal Feeding:
• Summer: Feed 2–4 times daily; high-protein diet supports growth.
• Winter: Koi enter a state of torpor and eat little to nothing when water
temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C).
 Reproduction
➢Breeding: Occurs naturally in the spring when water temperatures rise.
➢Spawning Process:
• Females lay eggs on plants or spawning mats.
• Males fertilize the eggs externally.
➢Egg and Fry Care:
• Adults may eat their own eggs; separate eggs into a breeding tank for better
survival.
• Feed fry with infusoria or finely crushed flakes.
 Common Health Issues
➢Diseases:
• Parasites: Flukes, anchor worms, and ich are common.
• Bacterial Infections: Ulcers and fin rot due to poor water quality.
• Swim Bladder Disorder: From overfeeding or constipation.
➢Preventive Measures:
• Maintain pristine water conditions.
• Quarantine new fish before introducing them to the pond.
• Avoid overfeeding to prevent water contamination.
 List of medicines
➢Stress heal
when we change fish living place sometimes they go in stress and stop eating
then we gave them this stress heal medicine.
➢Anti-chlorine
A newly developed German fish medicine use to Improve the aquarium water
quality by removing all harmful gases from water.
➢Anti-Itch
Is the latest development in Aquarium Pharmaceuticals for the specific treatment
of Ichthyophthirus Multifiliis ("Ich" commonly known as "white spots") in aquarium
fish and it destroys ich parasites effectively within 24 hours and within 3 days for
persistent cases.
 List of food
➢ Freeze dried shrimps
HEALTH BENEFITS- Shrimp Fish Food support optimal digestion of fishes and acts as colour enhancer for Ornamental
fishes.
USAGE- Freeze Dried Shrimp treat is favourite Fish food For Discs, Arowana, cichlid, Flowerhorn, Oscar ,blood parrot
fishes

➢ Freeze dried worms

BENEFITS: Freeze dried blood worms enhance the body shape & color. It helps probiotic growth and enhances fish
immunity.
FREEZE DRIED BLOOD WORMS: It is Best Food for Carnivorous Fishes like Bettas, Tetras, Arowana, Flowerhorn,
Oscar etc.

➢ Fish Pellets
HEALTH BENEFITS-Pellet is a mixture of various probiotics and vitamins and other nutrients combined in one food which
boost fish growth.
USAGE- It should be given 2-3 grams for two times only morning and evening and carefully as overfeeding results in
cloudiness of water.
THANK YOU