chemistry investigatory - Copy

CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Analysis of cations ,anions

and food stuffs present in
coconut water
SESSION: 2020-2021
EFFORTS BY –
KASHISH MADAN
(XII-
A)
ACKNOWLEDGEME
It is my foremost duty to express my
deep regards to my Chemistry teacher
Mrs.BHARTI RATTAN under whose
guidance and supervision .I am able
to undertake this project. It is she
who has been my primary source of
inspiration and who motivated, guided
and encouraged me at different stages
to make this project.
I am also thankful to my parents and
friends, else it would have been a
difficult task to perform this
project successfully. I also want to
thank the lab attendant for their
invaluable help.
KASHISH MADAN
(SESSION: 2020-2021)
CERTIFICATE
THIS TO CERTIFY THAT “KASHISH MADAN”
OF CLASS(XII-A)HAS SUCCESSFULLY
COMPLETED HER CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT ON THE TOPIC-“ANALYSIS OF
CATIONS,ANIONS AND FOOD STUFFS
PRESENT IN COCONUT WATER” DURING THE
ACADEMIC YEAR-“2020-2021”.
------------
Signature of examiner
Date:--------------
Contents
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
CERTIFICATE
AIM
INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
WET TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS
WET TEST FOR ACID RADICALS
TEST FOR PRESENCE OF FOOD
STUFF
CONCLUSION
PRECAUTIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM:-
TO ANALYSE THE
CATIONS, ANIONS
AND FOOD STUFFS
PRESENT IN
COCONUT WATER
INTRODUCTION
COCONUT
The coconut tree(cocos nucifera)is
the member of the family
arecaceae(PALM FAMILY).It is the
only accepted species in the genus
cocos.The term :coconut can refer
to the entire coconut palm,the
seed or the fruit,which
botanically ,is a drupe,not a
nut.Coconut is known for its great
versatility as seen in the many
uses of its different parts and
found throughout the tropics and
subtropics.Coconut are different
from other fruits as they contain
large quantity of “water”.
Charcoal obtained from the hard
shell and coir from the fibrous
husk. The endosperm is initially
in its nuclear phase suspended
within the coconut water. As
development continues, cellular
layers of endosperm deposit along
the walls of the coconut ,becoming
the edible coconut "flesh".
When dried, the coconut flesh is
called copra.The oil and milk
derived from it are commonly used
in cooking and frying;coconut oil
is also widely used in soaps and
cosmetics. The clear liquid
coconut water within is potable.
The coconut also has cultural and
religious importance in our
society.
COCONUT WATER-
The coconut water is the clear
liquid inside young green
coconuts.In early development,it
serves as suspension for the
endosperm of the coconut during
the nuclear phase of
development.As the growth
continues,the endosperm matures
into its cellular phase and
deposits into the rind of the
coconut meat.Coconut water is
popularly drink in tropical
countries where it is available
fresh,canned or bottled.Cocunut
water is known differently in
different parts of world,in
Philippines it is known as
“buko”.COCONUT WATER has long been
popular in tropics,specially
india,Brazilian coast,Southeast
Asia,Pacific islands,Africa and
carribean.
HARVESTING-
Fresh coconuts are typically
harvested from the tree while they
are green.A hole may be bored into
the coconut to provide access to
the liquid and meat.In young
coconuts,the liquid and air may be
under some pressure and may spray
slightly when the inner husk is
first penetrated.Coconuts which
have fallen to the ground are
susceptible to rot and damage from
insects or animals.
MEDICAL USE-
It is said,that coconut water is
identical to human plasma and can
be injected directly into the
human bloodstream. The story has
its origin from World War II where
British and Japanese patients were
given coconut water intravenously
in an emergency because saline was
unavailable.
Since then, this rehydration

technique has been used only for
short-term emergency situations in
remote locations where plasma is
not available. Although
substituting coconut water for
saline is not recommended by
physicians today, it was a common
practice during the Khmer Rouge
regime in Cambodia from 1975 to
1979.The Documentation Center of
Cambodia cited the practice of
allowing untrained nurses to
administer green coconut water
during the Pol Pot regime as a
crime against humanity.
HEALTH BENEFITS-
 Coconut water is a very
refreshing drink to beat
tropical summer thirst. It is
used to prevent dehydration.
 Research studies suggest
that cytokinins (kinetin and
transzeatin) in coconut water
found to have significant anti-
ageing ,anti-carcinogenic, and
antithrombotic (anti-clot
formation)effects.
 Coconut water contains very
good amount of electrolyte
potassium. 100ml of water has
250mg of potassium and 105mg of
sodium. Together, these
electrolytes help replenish
electrolyte deficiency in the
body due to diarrhea (loose
stools).
 Further, fresh coconut water
has a small amount of vitamin-C
(Ascorbic Acid); It provides
about 2.4 mg of RDA. Vitamin C
is a water-soluble antioxidant.
MANY MORE……..
REQUIREMENTS
COCONUT WATER
FERROUS SULPHATE SOLUTION
CONCENTRATED SULPHURIC ACID
LEAD ACETATE SOLUTION
SILVER NITRATE SOLUTION
AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE
CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID
POTASSIUM DICHROMATE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION
METHYLENE BLUE
BENEDICT SOLUTION
COPPER SULPHATE SOLUTION
SODIUM COLBALTATE SOLUTION
DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
AMMONIUM CARBONATE
POTASSIUM PYRO ANTIMONATE
UNIVERSAL INDICATOR
WET TEST FOR BASIC

RADICALS-
EXPERIMENT O B S E R V A T I O N INFERENCE
SODIUM-
Potassium pyro
aluminate is
added to coconut
water
POTASSIUM-
Freshly prepared
sodium salt.
MAGNESIUM-
Add a pinch of
magnesium
chloride, add few
drops of
ammonium
phosphate
solution to
coconut water.
CALCIUM-
Add solid
ammonium
chloride,
ammonium
hydroxide,
ammonium
Carbonate to
coconut water
and add
ammonium
oxalate solution.
Wet test for acid radicals-

EXPERIMENT O B S E R V A T I O N INFERENCE
CHLORIDE-
Silver nitrate
test:-
Add conc. Nitric
acid and silver
nitrate solution.
Chromyl
chloride test:-
Mix a small qty. of
salt with a small
amount of
powdered
potassium
dichromate .Take
a mixture in test
tube and add
conc. Sulphuric
acid heat the test
tube and pass the
red vapours
evolved into a gas
detector
containing sodium
hydroxide
solution.to the
yellow thus
obtained add dil.
Acetic acid to the
coconut water.
OXALATE-
Add calcium
chloride and
acetic acid to the
coconut water.
NITRATE-
Copper chips
test:-
Heat a small qty.
of coconut water
with con.
Sulphuric acid and
add few copper
chips.
Brown ring
test:-
Add a small qty.
of freshly
prepared solution
of ferrous
sulphate to a part
of the aqueous
solution and then
pour conc.
Sulphuric acid
slowly along the
sides of the test
tube.
PHOSPHATE-
Ammonium
molybdate
test:-
Nitric acid to
coconut water
and boil then
add ammonium
molybdate
solution to it.
TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF
FOOD STUFFS-
Sr NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI INFEREN
ON CE
1) Benedict test:-
Benedict
solution is
added to 5mL
of coconut
water and
heated in
water bath for
5 mins.
2) Methylene
blue test:-
1-2 drops of
methylene blue
is added to
coconut water .
3) Copper
sulphate +
sodium
hydroxide
test:-
copper sulphate
and NaOH is
added to
coconut water.
Conclusion
PRECAUTIONS:-
Concentrated solutions should be handled with
immense care.
Hands should be washed thoroughly after
performing each experiment.
If chemicals come into contact with your skin or
eyes, flush immediately with copious.
Never leave burners unattended, turn them off
whenever you leave your workstation.
Never point a test tube or any vessel that you
are heating at yourself or your neighbour.
The experiments should be conducted at room
temperature.
BIBLIOGRAPHY-
To complete this project I have
taken help from the following
books and websites:-
www .google.com
www.wikipedia.com
Lab manual chemistry class 12
Comprehensive chemistry class 12
Modern ABC
PRADEEP CHEMISTRY
www.academia.com.in

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CHEMISTRY

Analysis of cations ,anions

Since then, this rehydration

WET TEST FOR BASIC

Wet test for acid radicals-

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