Experiment no.

Title: Perform voltage analysis of given Hi-Fi Amplifier.

Apparatus:

Experimental kit of Hi-Fi Audio amplifier, Power supply, DMM.

Circuit Diagram of Hi-Fi Amplifier:

Theory :

An audio power amplifier (or power amp) is an electronic amplifier that reproduces low-power
electronic Fidelity means faithfulness or exactness. In audio system it is used to indicate faithful
reproduction of sound. Hi-Fi system stands for high fidelity stereophonic reproducing system. Such a Hi-
Fi sound can be obtained from recorded stereo tape or live systems from the microphones.
 High fidelity reproduction is essentially sound reproduction such that the most critical person can
listen intensity to it without any distortion. High Fidelity can be achieved by using low noise components
and proper design of the circuits and devices.

Procedure:

1. Identify different stages of Hi-Fi amplifier with test points in available experimental kit and
identify impedance of loudspeaker.

2. Apply input to both channels.

4. Measure voltages at a given test points.

5. Create fault at least three test points and measure the voltage at same.

6. Compare voltages in step 4 (faulty voltage) with step 3 (reference voltage). Identify the faulty
component.

Observation table:

Sr.no. Test Points Faulty stage Standard Observed Remark

Voltage Voltage

4
Conclusion:

1. Audio amplifier used in experimental kit has

feedback (Negative /Positive).

2. IC is used as power amplifier.

3. Impedance of speaker used in experimental kit is _ .

4. Fault created in speaker and volume control gives the result as

respectively.

Assignment Questions:

1. How will you locate the fault in preamplifier?

2. What is the value of coupling capacitor at output stage of loud speaker?

3. What is the rating of power supply used for power amplifier circuit?

4. Name the type of microphone used in laboratory.

5. Write the model number of Hi-Fi system available in laboratory.

Solution:
 Experiment no.

Title: Perform voltage analysis on various section of given LED TV

Apparatus:

LED \LCD TV receiver set ,DMM.

Theory:

LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It has two sheets of polarized glass plates with some liquid
crystal solution trapped between them, forcing the liquid crystals into a twisted structural arrangement. In
LCD TV the light source is a series of fluorescent tube. Liquid crystals are specialized molecules that flow
like liquids but polarize light like solid, crystalline structures.

Block Diagram of LCD TV receiver:

Procedure:

1. Identify different stages of given LCD TV receiver.

2. Observe the circuit diagram of LCD TV.

3. Identify various IC’s and write the function in observation table A.

4. Identify various stages of LCD TV set and write the function in observation table B.

Observation table:

(A) ICs used and their functions

ICs No. Function of the ICs

(B) ) Stages and their functions:

Sr. no Name of Stages Function of stages

1
2
3
4

Conclusion:

1. LVDS stands for …………………………………………………………………………..

2. HDMI stands for……………………………………………………………………………

Assignment Questions:

1. List the different sections of LCD TV.

2. How liquid crystals differs from solid and liquid?.

3. How R, G and B filter in LCD enables producing colour image?

4. How conducting matrix is created within the liquid crystal panel to reach each cell?

5. Give the difference between LED TV and Colour TV.

Solution:
 Experiment no.

Title: Test various features of the given type of printer

Apparatus:

Printer, stopwatch.

Theory:

A computer printer is a piece of hardware for a computer. It allows a user to print items on paper,
such as letters and pictures. Mostly a printer prints under the control of a computer. Many can also work
as a copying machine or with a digital camera to print directly without using a computer.

An Inkjet printer is a printer for computers. It uses special ink to print on the paper. Another type of
printing technology is the Laser printer. Inkjet printers are preferred for printing photos and graphics due
to their high-quality color output, whereas laser printers are preferred for printing text due to their high
contrast and speed.

Dot-matrix printers are printers for computers. A dot matrix printer creates characters by striking
pins against ink ribbons. Each pin makes a dot, and combinations of dots form characters and illustrations.
This is much like a typewriter. Each character is made from a matrix of dots. Today, dot matrix printers
are not used by many people anymore. They are still in use where forms (with multiple copies) need to be
filled out. The print head moves back and forth on the paper like a typewriter and prints the image or text

Procedure:

A) To test printer speed :-

1. Text speed

 Open a text document that contains at least five pages. Press "Ctrl-P." Set the radio
button under the heading, "Page Range" to "Pages:" and enter "1-5" in the text field.
Click "OK" button and start the stopwatch immediately.
  Press the stop watch's "Lap" button when the first page drops into the output bin. Press
the "Lap" button again when the fifth page lands in the bin. Stop the stopwatch but do
not reset it.
 Write down the two times from the stopwatch. The first time tells you how long a one-
page document takes to print. If the second time is greater than one minute, convert the
time to seconds and divide seconds by four. The result is the average time, per page,
for a long print job. For example, if the second time was 75 total seconds, dividing 75
by four gives you an average print speed of about 19 seconds per page.

2. Graphics Speed

 Open your favorite graphics program.

 Load an image file that takes up a full printed page at a resolution of 300 dots per inch
or greater.
 Reset the stopwatch.
 Press "Ctrl-P." Set the number of copies to five. Click "OK" and start the stopwatch
immediately.
 Press the "Lap" button on the stopwatch when the first page falls into the output bin.
Press the "Lap" button again when the last page falls into the bin. Stop the stopwatch
without resetting it.
 Write down the two times from the stopwatch. The first time is how long a single
graphic page takes to finish. Divide the second time by four to determine the per-page
average time for multiple graphics pages.

Observation table:

Page Time Taken Speed

1.Single Page (Page 1)

Text Speed 2.Long Print Job
Average:
(Pages 2 to 5)
Graphics 1.Single Page (Page 1)
Speed 2.Long Print Job Average:
Consumer Electronics (22425)

(Pages 2 to 5)

Conclusion:

1. The speed of printing the single text page is……………and longer job average is ......................So
single page text takes (longer/shorter) time than longer job.

2. The speed of printing the single text page is…………and single graphics page is ..................... So
single graphics page takes (longer/shorter) time than single text page.

3. The speed of (inkjet/dot matrix/laser) printer is very high.

4. The quality of printing of (inkjet/dot matrix/laser) printer is very good.

Assignment Questions:

1. State types of printer.

2. Define resolution and bit depth.

3. State characteristics of printer.

4. State hardware installation of printer.

5. How does printer sense a paper jam?

Solution:

Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Technology, Navi Mumbai

Consumer Electronics (22425)

Marks Obtained Dated signature of staff

Process Product Total (25)

Related(15) Related(10)

Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Technology, Navi Mumbai

Consumer Electronics (22425)

Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Technology, Navi Mumbai

 Experiment no.

Title: Identify and sketch wiring diagram of washing machine.

Apparatus:

Washing Machine set, DMM, Screw driver set.

Theory:

he particles are pushed to the tube’s bottom by centrifugal force. During the rinse cycle, the
centripetal force principle is applied. By acting from the exterior to the inside of the washing
machine, this force produces a space that resembles a vacuum in the middle. A liquid’s chemical
or physical activity is enhanced by forced circulation or another periodic motion (like stirring).
The clothes bounce back and forth inside the water and detergent-filled drum of the washing
machine as it moves, rubbing up against one another to remove stains.

Important Points of Working Principle of Washing Machine:

The centrifugal and centripetal forces are how washing machines operate. The two main cycles
of operation for washing machines. The wash cycle and the rinse cycle are these. The centrifugal
force principle is used throughout the washing process. Since the force is applied from the
interior to the outside, the cloth is completely washed in the soapy water poured into the
machine.

If the rotation’s axis coincides with the coordinate system’s origin, the centrifugal force will be
directed radially outward from that point.

A centrifuge is a piece of equipment that rotates anything around a fixed axis while applying a
strong force perpendicular to the spin axis.

By spinning at 800-1600 rpm to help soap and grime leave the cloth’s surface and into outlet
pipes, a washing machine employs centrifugation to clean and partially dry the clothes placed
into it.

A hypothetical force with the same magnitude and dimensions as the centripetal force but acting
in the opposite direction is known as the centrifugal force, which is specific to particles moving
in a circle.
Connection Diagram of Washing Machine:

Draw Block Diagram of Washing Machine:

Procedure:

1. Step 1: Check the Power Supply. ...

2. Step 2: Check the Water Supply. ...
3. Step 3: Check the Detergent Dispenser. ...
4. Step 4: Check the Drain Hose. ...
5. Step 5: Check the Agitator. ...
6. Step 6: Check the Belt. ...
7. Step 7: Check the Motor.

Observation table:

(A) Parts used and their functions

Part No Function of the

Parts

(B) ) Stages and their functions:

Sr. no Name of Stages Function of stages

1
2
3
4

Conclusion:
Assignment Questions:

Solution:
 Practical No

Aim - Install laser printer and scanner to the desktop computer

I. Practical Significance

In order to know computer hardware system, It is a good idea that student get familiar with
various components of computer hardware system and their functioning.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes

All POs as listed

III. Relevant Course Outcomes

Use different kinds of printers and scanners.

IV. Practical Learning Outcomes

Understand installation and working with laser printer.

V. Practical Skills

Learn how to install and work with laser printer.

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcomes

a. Follow Safety Practice

b. Practice Good Handling of Equipment’s

VII. Minimum Theoretical Background

Installation process and working of laser printer (Various types of configuration settings on
printer, removing and mounting cartridge, troubleshooting paper jam)

VIII. Resources required

PC, laser Printer

IX. Procedure

1. Identify the components and explain its use.

2. Explain the physical layout of component.

X. Precautions

Handle devices carefully.

XI. Description
Connecting the printer to the computer

Connect the printer to the computer either using a USB cable, parallel port cable, or SCSI cable and
then connect the power plug to a power outlet.

Turning on a printer

After connecting the printer to the computer, it can be turned on using the power button on the
front of the printer. Typically the power button is on the front right corner of the printer. However,
the button placement depends on the type of printer you have. Older laser printers may even have a
power switch in one of the back bottom corners of the printer.

Setup printer and install software

After connecting the printer and turning it on, you'll need to install the printers’ software and
drivers. Every printer should come with the software used to install a printer in Windows or your
operating system.

1. After everything is plugged in, turn on the computer.

2. Insert the CD that came with the printer. If the CD does not automatically start, open My
Computer, double-click the CD drive, and then click the Setup or Install file. If you have
downloaded the drivers, run the downloaded setup file.
3. Follow the installation wizard, and once completed, your software is installed.
4. Test the printer to make sure it is working.

Removing and mounting cartridge

1. Open the printer door to access the toner cartridges.
2. Remove the drum assembly from the printer by pulling it straight out.
3. Remove the spent cartridge by pressing the release lever on the drum assembly.
4. Take the new cartridge out of the box, but keep it in its plastic packaging. Sometimes, during
shipping, toner can settle in the toner drum, resulting in poor-quality copies. To prevent this
problem, gently shake the cartridge. This helps fully distribute toner throughout the
cartridge.
5. Remove the new cartridge from its packaging and pull off the sealing tape. While doing this,
be careful not to touch the imaging drum on the bottom of the toner cartridge. Smudges on
the drum can cause print-quality problems.
6. Put the replacement cartridge in. It should snap in place securely.
7. Slide the drum cleaning lever back and forth.
8. Reinsert the drum assembly completely, and close the printer's access port.
9. Your printer is ready to be used. Print a test page. Your computer will automatically
recognize that a new cartridge has been installed. Most computers will ask you if you want
to print a test page to ensure that the new cartridge is functional. Click "OK." The computer
will scan the printer settings and eventually produce a printed page.
Clearing Paper Jams

Paper Jams: Paper Pickup and Transfer Guide Areas

1. Remove the paper cassette

2. Pull the paper out through the front of the printer

Paper Jams: Fusing Assembly Area - Top Cover

1. Open the top cover and remove the toner cartridge.

2. Remove the paper by pulling it back out of the fuser, into the printer body. Roll the paper
toward you to avoid spilling loose (unfused) toner.
3. Clean any loose toner that may have fallen into the printer with a clean lint-free cloth

Paper Jams: Rear Cover - Fusing Assembly and Paper Exit Areas

1. Open the rear cover.

2. Open the rear door of the fusing assembly, if necessary
3. Pull the jammed paper from the fusing assembly.
4. Remove the leading edge from the paper exit in the output bin if necessary

Conclusion-
 Experiment no.

Title: Identify and sketch wiring diagram of washing machine.

Apparatus:

Microwave oven set, DMM, Screw driver set.

Theory:

Microwave Oven: A microwave oven is used to cook (or heat) food with the help of
microwaves produced by magnetron – the device producing microwaves in the oven.
Microwave ovens are so quick and efficient because they channel heat energy directly to the
molecules (tiny particles) inside food. This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and
produce thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating. Microwave ovens heat
foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform in the outer25–38 mm (1–
1.5 inches) of a homogenous (high water content) food item; food is more evenly heated
throughout (except in heterogeneous, dense objects) than generally occurs in other cooking
techniques. Read more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/1383095/explain-
microwave-details-with-block-diagram-also-explain-principle-heating-microwave

A microwave oven heats food by passing microwave radiation through it. Microwaves are a
form of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation with a frequency higher than ordinary radio
waves but lower than infrared light. Microwave ovens use frequencies in one of the ISM
(industrial, scientific, medical) bands, which are reserved for this use, so they don’t interfere
with other vital radio services. The mains plug and socket are three-pin earthling type. The
fast blow ceramic fuse is of 15 A, 250 V. Interlock switches are linked with the oven door.
Power will be applied to the mains transformer only when the oven door is closed. At least
one interlock switch is in series with the transformer primary, hence evens a spot of dirt in
the relay or trial, cannot turn the oven on when the door is open. Read more on Sarthaks.com
- https://www.sarthaks.com/1383095/explain-microwave-details-with-block-diagram-also-
explain-principle-heating-microwave Consumer ovens usually use 2.45 GHz, a wavelength
of 12.2 cm (4.80 in) while large industrial/commercial ovens often use 915 MHz 32.8 cm
(12.9 in). Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in
a process called dielectric heating. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric
dipoles, meaning that they have a partial positive charge at one end and a partial negative
charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating
electric field of the microwaves. Rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into
motion, thus dispersing energy. This energy, when dispersed as molecular vibration in solids
and liquids. . Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly
uniform in the outer25–38 mm (1–1.5 inches) of a homogenous (high water content) food
item; food is more evenly heated throughout (except in heterogeneous, dense objects) than
generally occurs in other cooking techniques. Read more on Sarthaks.com -
https://www.sarthaks.com/1383095/explain-microwave-details-with-block-diagram-also-
explain-principle-heating-microwave
Connection Diagram of Microwave oven:

Draw Block Diagram of Microwave oven:

Procedure:

Observation table:

(A) Parts used and their functions

Part No Function of the

Parts

(B) ) Stages and their functions:

Sr. no Name of Stages Function of stages

1
2
3
4

Conclusion:
Assignment Questions:

Solution:
 Experiment no.

Title: Identify various component of CCTV.

Apparatus:

1. IR dome camera.
2. 4CH DVR .

3. Hard disk 500GB.

4. Video cable .
5. Power supply(12V,1A)

Theory:
What is CCTV? :-

Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the use of video cameras to
transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in
that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint
(P2MP), or mesh wired or wireless links. Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is
most often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, stores,
and other areas where security is needed.

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a system where the circuit in which the video is transmitted is
closed and all the elements (camera, display monitors, recording devices) are directly connected. This is
unlike broadcast television where any receiver that is correctly tuned can pick up and display or store the
signal. Such specialized systems are not subject to regulation by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC); however, security cameras using scrambled radio waves are in fact subject to
common carrier tariffs and FCC conditions of service. In the past, these signals would be transmitted to a
monitor equipped with a videocassette recorder, but these have been all but totally replaced by digital
video recorder (DVR) systems that can store far more video and backup data automatically.

Other Uses of CCTV

CCTV has become ubiquitous in large cities, along major highways, and areas that host large events. On
streets and roads, CCTV is often used in traffic law enforcement, but it‟s used to monitor traffic patterns,
allowing emergency services to react quickly to accidents and for maintenance departments to better plan
necessary construction projects. In hotels, stadiums, and convention centers, CCTV is often used in
private television networks, broadcasting sporting events or special events throughout their facilities.
Types of CCTV cameras:- Any camera that broadcasts a signal can be attached to a CCTV system,
whether it‟s wired or wireless, but they are most often associated with high-end surveillance cameras.
Pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) cameras allow a user to remotely control a camera.

 Dome CCTV Camera.

 Bullet CCTV Camera.

 C-Mount CCTV Camera.

 Day/Night CCTV Camera.

 Infrared/Night Vision CCTV Camera.

 Network/IP CCTV Camera.

 Wireless CCTV Camera.

 High-Definition HD CCTV Camera.

Types of CCTV cables.

 Analog CCTV Cameras

1. Premade Siamese Cable for lengths up to 150ft.
2. RG59 Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 400ft.
3. RG59 Solid Copper Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 1000ft.
4. CAT5e or CAT6 wire for runs up to 1000ft using passive video baluns.
5. CAT5e or CAT6 wire for runs up to 3000ft using active video baluns.

 HDCVI Cameras
 1. RG59 Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 240ft.
2. RG59 Solid Copper Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 1600ft.

 IP Cameras
3. CAT5e or CAT6 Network Cabling for runs up to 328ft for non-POE cameras.

Steps for install CCTV :-

1. Planning before installing a CCTV camera:-

The most important aspect of installing a CCTV camera system is choosing the right spots for
camera and DVR to maximize camera coverage and minimize cable length (which in-turn reduces the in
line losses that affect video quality). For indoors, choose a corner in the room from where most entry
points into the room are visible. A power socket should also be in close proximity. For outdoors, choose a
higher spot covering the door, window approaches, garages etc. Choose the spots above 10ft so that it
cannot be knocked down easily.
2. Mounting the camera :-

Place the camera unit at the desired place, make guide marks for drilling. Drill holes and hammer in
the screw mouldings. Now, screw the camera in place firmly. Insert the power cable of the camera in a
socket.
3. Placing the DVR:-
DVR of the CCTV is the place where the surveillance hard disk is present. Thus all your CCTV recording
reside inside a DVR. It is highly recommended to keep the DVR inside a locked compartment so that
even if an intruder spots the DVR, he/she can‟t destroy the recorded videos. This is a vital step to ensure a
bullet proof security system for your home
4. Managing the cables:-
Plan the pathway for all the cables from cameras to DVR unit. Use wire moldings to keep the wire
managed and safe. Nail the moldings along the path and put the Siamese surveillance wire inside.
5 Connecting the wires:-
The video cable is connected via a BNC port. Remove about 1.5cm of outer covering of the video
cable which should now expose the braids. Slide the crimping barrel onto the cable with wider diameter
facing towards the end of the cable. Now remove the white insulator covering the innermost cable. Now
insert these exposed cables into the BNC port and screw the crimping barrel. This makes a secure
connection. Connect the DVR output port to the screen on which you want the video feed.
1. Power on the system:-
Start by powering ON the cameras followed by the display and the DVR. Setup the
DVR according to the user manual provided with the DVR. Go over every camera‟s
feed to confirm each camera is working properly and providing the desired viewing
angle.

Conclusion:-

Questions.

1. What is CCTV?

2. Write advantages of CCTV.

3. State the Types of CCTV cameras.

4. State different applications of CCTV.

5. Find out cost of CCTV cameras related for different applications.

[Space for Answers]

 Experiment no.

Title: Connect CCTV camera to DVR\IVR ,Recording Display

Apparatus:

1. IR dome camera.
2. 4CH DVR .
3. Hard disk 500GB.
4. Video cable .
5. Power supply(12V,1A)

Theory:
What is CCTV? :-

Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the use of video cameras to
transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in
that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint
(P2MP), or mesh wired or wireless links. Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is
most often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, stores,
and other areas where security is needed.

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a system where the circuit in which the video is transmitted is
closed and all the elements (camera, display monitors, recording devices) are directly connected. This is
unlike broadcast television where any receiver that is correctly tuned can pick up and display or store the
signal. Such specialized systems are not subject to regulation by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC); however, security cameras using scrambled radio waves are in fact subject to
common carrier tariffs and FCC conditions of service. In the past, these signals would be transmitted to a
monitor equipped with a videocassette recorder, but these have been all but totally replaced by digital
video recorder (DVR) systems that can store far more video and backup data automatically.

Other Uses of CCTV

CCTV has become ubiquitous in large cities, along major highways, and areas that host large events. On
streets and roads, CCTV is often used in traffic law enforcement, but it‟s used to monitor traffic patterns,
allowing emergency services to react quickly to accidents and for maintenance departments to better plan
necessary construction projects. In hotels, stadiums, and convention centers, CCTV is often used in
private television networks, broadcasting sporting events or special events throughout their facilities.
Types of CCTV cameras:- Any camera that broadcasts a signal can be attached to a CCTV system,
whether it‟s wired or wireless, but they are most often associated with high-end surveillance cameras.
Pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) cameras allow a user to remotely control a camera.

 Dome CCTV Camera.

 Bullet CCTV Camera.

 C-Mount CCTV Camera.

 Day/Night CCTV Camera.

 Infrared/Night Vision CCTV Camera.

 Network/IP CCTV Camera.

 Wireless CCTV Camera.

 High-Definition HD CCTV Camera.

Types of CCTV cables.

 Analog CCTV Cameras

1. Premade Siamese Cable for lengths up to 150ft.
2. RG59 Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 400ft.
3. RG59 Solid Copper Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 1000ft.
4. CAT5e or CAT6 wire for runs up to 1000ft using passive video baluns.
5. CAT5e or CAT6 wire for runs up to 3000ft using active video baluns.

 HDCVI Cameras
 1. RG59 Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 240ft.
2. RG59 Solid Copper Siamese Cable Spool for lengths up to 1600ft.

 IP Cameras
3. CAT5e or CAT6 Network Cabling for runs up to 328ft for non-POE cameras.

Steps for install CCTV :-

1. Planning before installing a CCTV camera:-

The most important aspect of installing a CCTV camera system is choosing the right spots for
camera and DVR to maximize camera coverage and minimize cable length (which in-turn reduces the in
line losses that affect video quality). For indoors, choose a corner in the room from where most entry
points into the room are visible. A power socket should also be in close proximity. For outdoors, choose a
higher spot covering the door, window approaches, garages etc. Choose the spots above 10ft so that it
cannot be knocked down easily.
2. Mounting the camera :-

Place the camera unit at the desired place, make guide marks for drilling. Drill holes and hammer in
the screw mouldings. Now, screw the camera in place firmly. Insert the power cable of the camera in a
socket.
3. Placing the DVR:-
DVR of the CCTV is the place where the surveillance hard disk is present. Thus all your CCTV recording
reside inside a DVR. It is highly recommended to keep the DVR inside a locked compartment so that
even if an intruder spots the DVR, he/she can‟t destroy the recorded videos. This is a vital step to ensure a
bullet proof security system for your home
4. Managing the cables:-
Plan the pathway for all the cables from cameras to DVR unit. Use wire moldings to keep the wire
managed and safe. Nail the moldings along the path and put the Siamese surveillance wire inside.
5 Connecting the wires:-
The video cable is connected via a BNC port. Remove about 1.5cm of outer covering of the video
cable which should now expose the braids. Slide the crimping barrel onto the cable with wider diameter
facing towards the end of the cable. Now remove the white insulator covering the innermost cable. Now
insert these exposed cables into the BNC port and screw the crimping barrel. This makes a secure
connection. Connect the DVR output port to the screen on which you want the video feed.
1. Power on the system:-
Start by powering ON the cameras followed by the display and the DVR. Setup the
DVR according to the user manual provided with the DVR. Go over every camera‟s
feed to confirm each camera is working properly and providing the desired viewing
angle.

Block or connection diagram:-

Conclusion:-

Questions.

1. What is CCTV?

2. Write advantages of CCTV.

3. State the Types of CCTV cameras.

4. State different applications of CCTV.

5. Find out cost of CCTV cameras related for different applications.

[Space for Answers]
 Experiment no.

Title: Troubleshoot Display Issues in Smart wrist band such as display not working , poor brightness

Apparatus:

Smart Watch, DMM, Screw driver set.

Theory:

Wearable technology incorporates miniature devices that can be worn on the arms, legs, head,
eyes, chest, or even clothing. Wearable electronics are based on the philosophy that a device can
be smart enough to reduce the workload in one’s life, as opposed to just simplifying the work.

Wearable’s range from fashionable clothing items to smart devices, comfort devices, and
medical devices. Looking at medical devices, one of the very first wearable’s was the
pacemaker. Today, wearable’s abound in the medical field, as well as for consumer applications,
including smart watches, temperature adjustable T-shirts, virtual reality gear, fitness tracker
bands, smart pendants, smart shoes, and many more.

Various Design Methodologies and Techniques

Of the different types of wearables, smart watches have been grabbing a lot of attention. Figure
1 shows a typical smart watch block diagram. A smart watch requires not only a clock and
connectivity; it also needs to be able to solve common human problems. A significant
application is health monitoring. Smart watches already monitor steps and track speed, numbers
of kilometers run, and more, but monitoring heartbeat, blood pressure, and body temperature are
features that make the device even more useful. Accelerometers have become common in
devices, and programs to monitor the position of toddlers and the elderly, or monitoring sleep
and wakeup time can add value to a product.
Component Of Smart Wrist Band (smart watch):

Block Digram-
Procedure:

Observation table:

(A) Parts used and their functions

Part No Function of the

Parts

(B) ) Stages and their functions:

Sr. no Name of Stages Function of stages

1
2
3
4

Conclusion:
Assignment Questions:

Solution: