NATIONAL

GEOGRAPHIC
LEARNI NG
2

PATHWAYS THIRD
EDITION

Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking

MARI VARGO
LAURIE BLASS
KRISTIN SHERMAN
 2

PATHWAYS D
T
Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking

MARI VARGO

LAURIE BLASS

KRISTIN SHERMAN

NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC
LEARNING

Australia • lB
izar •Canada •Mexico •eporngaSi •United Kingdom • United States
 HAPPINESS

Aw omanl a ughs whil e

unloading her boat at a
market in Ganvie, Benin.

IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL: THINK AND DISCUSS:

• Read an article about Singapore and Mexico .1 The photo above shows a woman unloading her
• Watch a video on llamas in nursing homes boat of produce at a market in Ganvie, Benin. She si
• Read an article about four keys to happiness laughing and looks happy. Why do you think this is?
2. Think of someone you know who seems happy.
• Write about people in your community
Describe that person.
E X P L O R E THE THEME

Look at the photo and the information

below. Then answer the questions.
1. The photo shows people cycling ni
Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark.
What does the chart below say about
Denmark? In what way(s) might health
and happiness be connected?
2. What do you know about the countries AH VOIGT
listed in the chart? Why do you think
people from these countries are happy?

Happy
Hot Spots
Is it possible to measure
happiness? Researchers at the
World Database of Happiness
think so. The database (2010-2019)
brings together scientific reports
on happiness from 160 countries
around the world. The researchers
r h el a .c o m
asked people to rate their
enjoyment of life on a scale
from 0 to 10. The top six happiest
nations are shown below.

Rank Country Rating

1 Denmark 8.2

2 Mexico 8.1
3 Colombia 8.1

4 Switzerland 8.0
5 Finland 8.0
6 Iceland 8.0

2 UNIT 1
EN GLISH SI LV ERH OU SE
ANITY
SOLVET & I R A STYLE
KUNSTEN

Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark,

is a very bicycle-friendly city.

HAPPINESS
 Reading 1
P R E P A R I N G TO R E A D

A BUILD VOCABULARY The words and phrases ni blue are used ni the reading passage. Complete
the sentences with the correct words or phrases. Use a dictionary to help you.

a c c e s s (n) basic necessities (n phr) equal (adj freedom (n) socialize (v)

.1 When you -,you spend time with other people for fun.
.2 According to a United Nations report, having to the internet
is a basic human right.

.3 People who do the same job should receive. pay.

4. _ of speech is a basic democratic value.

5. In some of the world's poorest countries, obtaining like clean

water and shelter si a daily struggle.

B BUILD VOCABULARY The words and phrases ni blue are used ni the reading passage.
Match each word or phrase with its definition. Use a dictionary to help you.
standard of living a. (v) to supply or make available
.2 secure b. (n) the state of being very poor
3. - provide c. (adj protected from danger or harm
4. poverty d. (adj) relating to money or how money is managed
.5 financial e. (n phr) the level of comfort and amount of money
that people have

USE VOCABULARY Discuss the questions with a partner.

1. Who do you normally socialize with?
2. Besides food and shelter, what do you think are the basic necessities in life?
3. sI poverty a serious problem ni your country? fI so, what is the government doing to tackle
this problem?

Critcal Thinking PREDICT Look at the title and the subheads of the reading passage. What do you think the
passage is about? Choose a, b, or c. Then check your answer as you read.
a. how to measure happiness
b. things that make people happy
c. life ni the happiest country ni the world

4 UNIT 1
Is There a Recipe
for Happiness?

People in Singapore often

gather t o eat in clean,
modern hawker centers.

What makes us happy? Money? Friends? Agood job? Are the answers the
same for everyone? According to world surveys, Singapore and Mexico are two happy
countries-but their people may be happy for different reasons.
SAFETY AND SECURITY
There are more than 8,000 people per square kilometer ni the small nation of
Singapore. People on the island work very long hours and often bring work home
with them. The country has strict laws against smoking ni public, littering,' and even
jaywalking.? However, ni surveys, Singapore regularly ranks as one of the happiest
countries ni Asia. Why?
One reason for Singapore's happiness si that the government provides the basic
necessities, such as housing and healthcare. There si almost no extreme poverty ni
Singapore. The government "tops up"' poorer people's incomes os everyone can have
a minimum standard of living. tI also offers tax breaks ot people who look after
their aging parents. The result si a lot of closely connected families with roughly equal
standards of living.
D People may not be happy about all the laws, but they are generally happy with
the results— they breathe clean air, they don't step ni litter, and the streets are safe and
orderly. So for Singaporeans, ti seems that living ni a secure, clean, and safe place may
be more important than having a lot of personal freedom. A s sociologist Dr. Tan Ern Ser
"Littering is leaving trash lying around outside.
Jaywalking occurs when apedestrian walks across a street ta aplace where ti si not allowed.
If' you top something up, you add ot ti ot make ti full.
*If the government gives someone a tax break, ti lowers the amount fotax they have ot pay.
HAPPINESS 5
 explains, "People like freedom, but they also like stability and security. Al societies are
trying ot find that happy medium, and [Singapore] has done a pretty decent job at it."
FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS
E In many ways, Mexico si the opposite of Singapore. There are some parts of Mexico
where people do not have a safe or secure life. Many people do not have jobs, enough
food, or access to education. But, as ni Singapore, most people ni Mexico feel that they
are happy. Why?
F One reason si the importance of social interaction. According to psychologists,
much of our happiness comes from feeling that we are part of a larger community.
Simple acts like smiling at a neighbor or having dinner with friends can greatly increase
our overall happiness. People ni Mexico socialize with family and friends a lot, and this
adds to their happiness.
G But what about poverty? In Mexico, about half of the population si poor. However,
most Mexicans live near people ni a similar financial situation. fI your neighbor doesn't
have expensive items-such as a big house or an expensive car—you probably don't feel
the need ot have those things cither. So money, yb itself, may not be that important for
happiness. What matters more si how much money you have compared to the people
around you.

A MIXED RECIPE?
H On hte whole, the question "What makes people happy?" does not seem to have a
Afamily simple answer. Security, safety, freedom, and socializing with friends and family can all
enjoys a meal
together at play important roles. A
s the examples of Singapore and Mexico suggest, there may be
their home in no single recipe for happiness. tI si up ot each of us ot find our own.
Mexico.

6 UNIT 1
U N D E R S T A N D I N G THE R E A D I N G

A UNDERSTAND THE MAIN IDEA What is the main idea of the reading passage?
a. Happiness means different things to different people.
b. Personal freedom is the most important thing for happiness.
.c Everyone needs to feel safe and secure in order to be happy.

UNDERSTAND DETAILS According to the writer, do the following statements (a-e) apply to
Mexico, Singapore, or both? Complete the Venn diagram.
Mexico Singapore
a. Most people here feel that they are happy.
b. People generally feel safe and secure.
.c Family connections are important for
people's happiness.
d. Although many people here are poor,
most of them are happy.
e. Most people accept the government's
strict rules as part of life.

CRITICAL THINKING Inferring Meaning from Context

Use the context-the words around a word-to infer, or guess, the meaning of vocabulary you
don't know. The context can also help you decide the word's part of speech (e.g., noun, verb, or
adjective). For example:
The government "tops up" poorer people's incomes so everyone can have a minimum
standard of living.
We can guess from this context that minimum is probably an adjective used to describe the least
or smallest amount required.

INFER MEANING FROM CONTEXT Find and underline the following bold words and Critical
Thinking
phrases ni the reading passage. Use context to identify their meanings. Then write each word
or phrase next to its definition.

strict (paragraph B) happy medium (paragraph D)

look after (paragraph C) decent (paragraph D)

: (v) to take care of someone or something

2. : (adj) tough; must be obeyed
: (adj) good enough; satisfactory
: (n phr) a good choice or condition that avoids any extremes
+

D JUSTIFY YOUR OPINION Would you prefer to live in Singapore or Mexico? Why? Complete CriticalThniknig
the following sentence and share your ideas with a partner.
I think I would prefer to live ni Singapore / Mexico because

H AP PI N E S S 7
 D E V E L O P I N G READING SKILLS

READING SKILL Identifying the Main Idea

The main idea of a paragraph is the most important idea, or the idea that the paragraph is about.
A good paragraph has one main idea and one or more supporting ideas. Read the paragraph
below and think a b o u t its main idea.
Researchers have found that the sunny weather in Mexico si one of the reasons that people
there are happy. Mexico has many hours of sunlight, so people in Mexico get a lot of
vitamin D. Vitamin Dsi important for overall health and well-being. Also, studies show
that when people tan, they make more endorphins-chemicals in our bodies that make us
feel happy.
Which of these statements is the main idea of the paragraph?
a. People in Mexico are happy because they get a lot of vitamin D.
b. Tanning helps us create more endorphins, which make us feel happy.
.c Mexico gets a lot of sun, which may make people there happier.
The last sentence is the main idea. The other two sentences are supporting ideas that explain the
main idea.

A MATCH Look back at the reading passage on pages 5-6. Match each main idea below with
a paragraph (B-H) from the reading passage.
1. . . One reason people in this country are generally happy is that the government
provides financial support to poorer members of society.
2. You don't need to have a lot of money to be happy.
Spending time with family and friends can contribute to happiness.
4. There are different answers to the question, "What makes people happy?"
5. Most people in this country are willing to give up certain freedoms to gain more
safety and stability.

IDENTIFY THE MAIN IDEA Read the information about Denmark. Then write the main idea
of the paragraph.
It's hard to be happy when you're unhealthy. According to the World Database of Happiness
(2010-2019), Denmark is the happiest country in the world, and most Danes are fit. They have
a lower rate of obesity than many of their European neighbors. Danish cities are designed so
it's easy to walk or cycle from one place to another. For instance, many roads in Copenhagen
have a special lane just for cyclists. And with a 30-minute walk, you can go from the city of
Copenhagen to the sea, where you can sail or swim, or to the woods, where you can hike.
Everyone has easy access to recreation.

Main Idea:

8 UNIT 1
 Video

Llama T h e r a p y

It's no secret that animals can be calming. They make us smile or laugh and feel happier.
Animal therapy refers to the use of animals as a way to help people deal with issues such
as anxiety or depression. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for llamas and
alpacas (pictured above) as therapy animals.

PREVIEW What do you know about llamas and alpacas? Why might they make good therapy Ccitaril Thniknig
animals? Discuss with a partner.

MAIN IDEA W a t c h the video. Choose the best alternative title for it.
a. Hiking with Travis the Llama
b. The Bond Between a Child and a Llama
.c Llamas Bring Joy to the Elderly

C DETAILS W a t c h the video again. Choose Tfor true or F for false.

1. The people in the video go to a farm to see Travis the llama. T F
2. tI is difficult to train llamas. T F
3. This nursing home also uses other animals, like chickens, to connect with residents. T F
4. Bringing animals into nursing homes encourages the residents to exercise more. T F

D REFLECT What other animals do you think would be good therapy animals? Why? Discuss Ccitairl nT
gkih
in pairs.

HAPPINESS 9
 Reading 2
P R E P A R I N G TO R E A D

A BUILD VOCABULARY The words ni blue are used ni the reading passage. Complete the
sentences with the correct form of the words. Use a dictionary to help you.

b o o s t (v) community (n) factor (n) grateful (adj) long-term (adj)

mood (n) support (v) track (v) volunteer (v) well-being (n)

.1 A person's goals can include saving money for retirement.

2. In s o m e ,- adult children their elderly parents by
paying their medical and household bills.
3. Healthy food, exercise, and interpersonal relationships are important for a person's physical
and mental

4. Many people - to help those who were affected by the earthquake. The
victims were very _ for the help they received.
5. Aperson's. - can change depending on the weather. For example,
such as sunlight and higher temperatures can make you feel happier.
6. There are several studies that_ _changes in happiness over time.
7. The boss gave a speech to _ the team's confidence.

USE VOCABULARY Discuss the questions with a partner.

.1 How would you describe your community? What's it like to live there?
2. What are some things that put you in a good mood?

Critical Thinking BRAINSTORM The reading passage looks at four basic factors for happiness. Write the
factors in the word web below. Then, with a partner, brainstorm some words or phrases that
you think might relate to each one.

/ /

Happiness

10 UNIT 1
Four Keys to Happiness
Asenior couple
does yoga together
outdoors.

Researchers have found that and they live longer than people who are
different people need different things to less well-connected." The happiest people
be happy. But there are some basic things meet regularly with friends and family,
that anyone can do to become happier. and support each other ni difficult times.
Here are four areas of your life you can
focus on to improve your long-term KEEP ACTIVE
happi ness. Nic Marks is the founder of the
Happy Planet Index, which tracks
STAY CONNECTED national well-being around the world.
Psychiatrist Robert Waldinger One of the most important ways to
directs the Harvard Study of Adult improve well-being, he believes, si to
Development, one of the longest-running keep active-healthy people are happier
studies of adult behavior. The study pcople. "The fastest way out of a bad
tracked the lives of two groups of men mood," Marks says, si ot "step outside,
in the United States for over 57 years. go for a walk, turn the radio on and
One of the main findings from the study dance. Being active is great for our
is the importance of social connections. positive mood." Walking a pet outdoors si
"It turns out that people who are more another way we can improve our mood.
socially connected ot family, ot friends, Pets encourage their owners to be active,
to community, are happier," says while also providing love and friendship,
Waldinger. "They're physically healthier, thus boosting their owners' self-esteem.

HAPPINESS 11
 BUY LESS act of giving money to people has a
The amount of money you have is powerful effect on the giver as well as
a factor for happiness—but your salary the receiver. "Almost everywhere we
may be less important than how you look," says Norton, "we see that giving
use it. Think carefully before buying money away makes you happier than
expensive clothes or a new car, for keeping it for yourself." The amount of
example. Try to spend money instead on money isn't so important. "What really
experiences that will really enrich your matters si that you spent ti on somebody
life, such as music lessons, or a vacation else rather than on yourself," he adds.
with family or friends. "We need to think Another way to give away is to donate
before w
e buy," urges product designer your time instead of money. People
Graham Hill, and "ask ourselves: I's that who volunteer at homeless shelters,
really going to make me happier?'" Too for example, find that it helps take the
often we buy things we don't really need. focus off their own problems and makes
The less stuff we have ni our lives, Hill them feel grateful for what they have.
argues, the happier we will be. Author David Steindl-Rast believes
that being grateful may be the most
GIVE AWAY important foundation for happiness:
Social science researcher Michael t"I si not happiness that makes us
Norton has studied happiness levels grateful. It's gratefulness that makes
around the world. He found that the us happy."

VOLN
ITER
Agroup of volunteers
at a soup kitchen in
Richmond, Virginia,
U.S.A.

1 2 UNIT 1
U N D E R S T A N D I N G THE R E A D I N G

A UNDERSTAND THE MAIN IDEA Which sentence best summarizes the reading passage?
a. There are four different types of happy people in the world.
b. There are some small changes everyone can make to increase happiness.
.c Forming social connections is more important for happiness than other factors.

UNDERSTAND DETAILS Read the six scenarios below. Check (v) the four that follow the
advice in the reading passage.
• .1 A student installs a money tracking app on her phone to help control her spending.
• 2. Awoman offers to take her neighbor's dog for a walk each morning.
• .3 A man uses all his savings to buy an expensive new sports car.
• 4. Ateenager spends time every Saturday helping at a children's hospital.
• 5. A banker decides to reduce her number of working hours each week.
• 6. An elderly man joins an art class at a community center.

INFER MEANING FROM CONTEXT Look at the words and phrases ni the box below. caliC
tir Thniknig
Find and underline them ni the reading passage. Use context to identify their meanings.
Then choose the correct option to complete the definitions.

enrich salary self-esteem take the focus off

1. To enrich something means to make it better / last longer.

2. A salary is the amount of work / money that an employee receives.
3. fI you have high self-esteem, you feel confident / unsure about yourself.
4. fI you take the focus off something, you give ti more / less attention.

REFLECT Choose three factors from the reading passage that you feel are most important for Ccitral Thinking
happiness. Write a sentence for each one describing how you can change that area of your life
to become happier. Then share your ideas with a partner.
Example: Keep Active—| can og swimming every week.
1.

.2
3.

BRAINSTORM Can you think of other factors affecting happiness that are not mentioned ni Critical gniknT
ih
Readings 1 and 2 and the video? Work in small groups and brainstorm some ideas.

H A P PI N E S S 13|
 V O C A B U L A RY E X T E N S I O N

WORD PARTNERS Expressions with living

Below are definitions for some common expressions with the word living.
standard of living: the level of wealth someone has
cost of living: the amount of money needed to maintain a reasonable lifestyle
living the dream: experiencing the achievement of all your career or life goals
make a living: to earn enough money from a job to pay for housing, food, etc.
do (something) for a living: to have a job or career

A Complete each sentence using an expression from the box above.

.1 tI is hard to as a waiter because the pay is often quite low.
2. People who are well-educated generally enjoy a high
3. The _ ni cities like San Francisco and New York si higher than ni
rural areas. One reason for this is that housing is very expensive.
4. She has the job she has always wanted and a great relationship with her husband-she
is

5. He just finished college but si not sure yet what he wants to

WORD FORMS Words as Nouns and Verbs

Some words can be both nouns and verbs. Examples are offer, pick, and taste. fI a word follows
an adjective, it is more likely to be a noun.
NOUN
She si the most hardworking volunteer at the hospital.
VERB
She volunteers at the local hospital every week.

Read the sentences below. Write N for noun or V for verb above each underlined word.

1. Many young adults get financial support from their parents when buying their first home.
.2 Homeless shelters often need reliable volunteers to help in the kitchen.
3. After three interviews, the company offered me the job.
4. People tend to be happier when they have easy access to good, affordable healthcare.

5. The supermarket rewards customers who shop regularly at the store by giving them a
discount.

14 UNIT 1
 Writing
EXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISH

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING Review of the Simple Present Tense

We use the simple present tense to talk about facts or things that are generally true.
About six million people live in Singapore.
There are around eight billion people in the world today.
Singapore doesn't have a high level of poverty.
We also use the simple present tense to talk about habits and daily routines- -things we do
regularly, or things we usually don't do.
They walk to work every day.
On most weekends, she volunteers at the homeless shelter.
I don't see my friends on Sundays.
For simple present tense verbs, we use the base form with ,I you, we, and they. We add s- to the
base form for third-person singular subjects.
T
o form a negative statement, use doesn't or don't and the base form of the verb.
Some verbs have irregular present tense forms:
be: /am; he/she/it is; you/we/they are See hte
do: I/you/we/they do; he/she/it does Grammar
Reference no
have: 1/you/we/they have; he/she/it has page 206

NOTICE Read the sentences below. Which describe general facts and which describe a
person's normal routine? Choose F for fact or Rfor routine.
.1 There are more than 8,000 people per square kilometer ni the small nation F R
of Singapore.
2. I work five days a week, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. F R
3. Mexico gets many hours of sunlight all year round. F R
.4 The Singaporean government offers tax breaks to people who look after F R
their aging parents.
5. Most Mexicans live near people ni a similar financial situation. F R
6. My friends and I go to the gym three times a week. F R
7. Lee has lunch with Paula every day. F R
8. Many roads in Copenhagen have a special lane just for cyclists. F R
9. She usually does her homework before dinner. F R

B
IDENTIFY Underline the simple present tense verbs ni the sentences ni Exercise A.

HAPPINESS 15
 C APPLY Complete the sentences using the simple present tense of the verbs in parentheses.

.1 According to researchers, happy people - - (spend) a lot of time socializing

with family and friends.
2. People ni my office - (be) generally happy because the company
(offer) a good work-life balance.
.3 In Denmark, the government._ (provide) free healthcare and education to
its citizens. Everyone (have) equal access to basic necessities.

4. The people in my neighborhood - (not / be) happy because they

(not / feel) safe.
5. l u su ally - (visit) my grandparents on the weekends. They
(live) ni a nursing home.
6. Sarah (be) very fit and healthy. She. - (run)
five kilometers every day.

D REFLECT Using the simple present tense, write three sentences about things you do regularly
that make you feel happy.

.2

.3

REFLECT Using the simple present tense, write three sentences that describe general facts
about your country or community.

2.

.3

16 UNIT 1
 GSKILL Writing a Strong Topic Sentence
agraphs include a sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph. This sentence is
che topic sentence. It is usually the first sentence in the paragraph, but not always. Topic
sentences can also appear within the paragraph or at the end of the paragraph.
A strong topic sentence should introduce the main idea of the paragraph. It should not be
too general or too specific. For example, if the paragraph is about how the government helps
increase people's happiness, this idea should be included in the topic sentence.
Singaporeans are generally happy. - weak topic sentence; too general
One reason Singaporeans are generally happy si that the government provides basic
necessities, such as housing. →strong topic sentence
As another example, if a paragraph presents the argument that you don't need a lot of money to
be happy, this idea should be included in the topic sentence.
About 50 percent of Mexico's citizens live in poverty. →weak topic sentence; too specific
Even though many people ni Mexico live in poverty, overall reported happiness si still very
high. → strong topic sentence

Underline the topic sentence in each paragraph. One of the topic sentences is stronger than
t h e others.

.1 In Mexico, family is important. Family members are very close and support one another
during difficult times. Grandparents take care of grandchildren so the children's parents
can go to work and earn money. When the children grow up, they take care of their
parents. This is one of the reasons why people in Mexico are generally happy.
2. Studies have shown that laughter may be an important factor for happiness and that
people who laugh a lot are happier. People who laugh more tend to have higher levels
of self-esteem. They also tend to be healthier. Laughter si so important for our general
well-being that some people go to "laughter therapy," where they laugh with groups of
other people.
3. It's important to like your job. nI many countries, a lot of people choose their job based
on how much ti pays or on the company's reputation. But ni Finland, one of the world's
happiest countries, most people take jobs that interest them. That gives them a better
chance to feel motivated and happy at work.

G Identify the two weak topic sentences from Exercise F. Rewrite them below to make them
stronger.

1.

2.

HAPPINESS 17
 W R I T I N G TA S K

GOAL You are going ot write a paragraph on the following topic:

Do you think people in your community are generally happy or unhappy? Give three
reasons for your answer.

BRAINSTORM Work with a partner. Brainstorm a list of things that make people ni your
community happy and a list of things that people ni your community may be unhappy about.

Things people in my community are Things people in my community are

happy about unhappy about

EVALUATE Look at your two lists ni Exercise A. Which list si stronger? Are there more reasons
to be happy or unhappy? Discuss ni pairs.

WRITE A STRONG TOPIC SENTENCE Complete the topic sentence for your paragraph.
Choose the correct option.

Topic Sentence: People ni my community are generally happy / unhappy.

PLAN Choose three things from your brainstorming notes above that support your topic
sentence. Note them below as reasons. Then, for each reason, write one or two details,
examples, or facts. Don't write complete sentences.

Reason 1 :

Detail(s):

Reason 2:
Detail(s):

R e a s o n 3:

Details):

18 UNIT 1
E FIRST DRAFT Use the information in Exercises C and D to write a first draft of your
paragraph. Refer to the writing model below to help you.

WRITING MODEL
This model paragraph is similar to the one you are going to write. It is on the topic
of why people ni Lisbon, Portugal, are generally happy. It gives three reasons, with
details for each.

People in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, are generally happy. There are a few reasons
for this. First of all, they don't work as many hours as people in other places do. In
fact, people in Lisbon only work an average of 31 hours a week. Secondly, when
people aren't working, they can enjoy the nice, sunny weather. Lisbon gets about
300 days of sunshine per year. Furthermore, Lisbon is a beautiful place with friendly
people. Most people in the city are relaxed and easygoing, so it's easy to make new
friends. People can socialize ni their free time, enjoy the colorful architecture of the
buildings, and take ni the beautiful scenery that the city has ot offer.

F REVISED DRAFT Now use the questions below to revise your paragraph.
• Does the paragraph have one main idea?
Does a strong topic sentence introduce the main idea?
Does the paragraph include three reasons that relate to the main idea?
Does the paragraph include one or two details for each reason?
Are all verb forms correct?

• Is there any information that doesn't belong?

G FINAL DRAFT Follow these steps to write a final draft.

1. Check your revised draft for mistakes with simple present verb forms.
2. Now use the checklist on page 205 to write a final draft. Make any other necessary changes.
3. Work ni pairs and read your partner's final draft. Give feedback on each other's paragraphs.

The Alfama district of

Lisbon, Portugal

HAPPINESS 1 9
 Review

SELF-ASSESS Consider the language and skills you learned in this unit.

Ineed
How well can you ?.. Very well Pretty well improvement
use the key vocabulary from this unit
infer meaning from context
identify the main idea
use the simple present tense
write a strong topic sentence D

VOCABULARY Do you remember the meanings of these words? Look back at the unit and
review the ones you don't know.

access A
lw basic necessities boost community c equal
factor am financial am freedom grateful long-term
mood poverty provide A
secure M socialize
standard of living support track volunteer Em well-being

VOCABULARY EXTENSION Complete these tasks with a partner.

.1 What expressions with living can you remember? Take turns making sentences with them.
.2 The words below can be nouns or verbs. Take turns making sentences using each form.
access offer support taste volunteer

C READING SKILL Look back at paragraph Con page 11. Which of these statements si the
main idea of the paragraph?
a. Being active is a good way to boost happiness.
b. Nic Marks enjoys listening to the radio and dancing.

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING Complete the sentences below. Choose the correct verb form.
1. Elgin and Mia volunteer / volunteers at a nursing home on weekends.
2. The city don't have / doesn't have a lot of cycling paths.

SELF-ASSESS Look back at the chart above. Did you assess your skills correctly?
What skills or language do you still need help with?

20 UNIT 1