‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com -‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫)ﺟﻲ ﺇﻱ ‪(243‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰءﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻳﺤﻴﻰﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬
 ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫• ﺇﻥﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺰﺩﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ )‪ (RTD‬ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ )‪ (T/C‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎً‪.‬‬
 ‫•‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻂﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ‬
‫• ﻳﺘﻢﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﻦﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪.(10‬‬
‫• ﺇﺫﺍﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪﺩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻤﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻭﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.(11‬‬
 ‫• ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ‬
‫• ﻻﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪﺑﻨﺎء ﻗﻮﻱ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 500‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮﺏﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪﺃﻗﻞ ﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻓﻬﻮﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻊﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍً‪.‬‬
 ‫• ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ)‪(T/C‬‬
‫• ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥﺍﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻂﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎً )ﺑﺎﻻﻟﺘﻮﺍء ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫• ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕﺍﻟﻤﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ )‪.(mV‬‬
‫• ﻟﺬﻟﻚﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻳﻈﻬﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
 ‫• ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ T1‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪ ،T2‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ‪ 1‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ‪.2‬‬
‫• ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻠﺘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻦﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐﺇﺑﻘﺎء ﺃﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ)ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ( ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻫﺎﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
 ‫• ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ )‪ (EMF‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ = ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬

‫• ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ 20-4‬ﻣﻠﻠﻲ ﺃﻣﺒﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻳﺴُﻤﻰﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺟﻬﺎﺯﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺴﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻮﻛﻮﺑﻞ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪-2‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً‬

‫ﺣﻮﻝﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪-3‬ﻳﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎً ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺠﻬﺎﺯﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫• ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ‪:‬‬
‫• ‪-1‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪.‬‬

‫• ‪-2‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻞ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-3‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫• ﻛﺎﺷﻒﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ )‪(RTD‬‬
‫• ﻛﻞﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐﻃﺮﺩﻳﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻄﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ)‪ TCR‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ( ﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ RTD‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺳﻠﻜﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻊﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺗﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ( ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ًﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ‪ RTD‬ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺧﻄﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺟﺴﺮ ﻭﻳﺘﺴﺘﻮﻥ ‪RTD‬‬
 ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﺪﺍً ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻟﻦ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ‪ RTD‬ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﺮﺍﻑ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫• ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ )‪(RTD‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﻘﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ )‪T‬ﺭﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ(‪.‬‬

‫• ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ )‪ (RTD‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺩﻭﺝ )‪T‬ﺭﻣﻮﻛﺒﻞ(‪.‬‬

‫• ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬