Experiment No 1 (Clapping Circuit)
Experiment No 1 (Clapping Circuit)
Experiment No 1 (Clapping Circuit)
Design and study Clap Switch Circuit by using 555 timer IC.
Objective :-
The primary objective of the Clap Switch Experiment is to design and implement a
reliable and user-friendly electronic switch system. This involves utilizing sound
recognition technology to detect specific acoustic patterns, specifically clapping
sounds, as a means of controlling various electronic devices. The experiment aims to
provide an alternative and accessible method for individuals, including those with
physical limitations, to interact with their surroundings. The focus is on achieving a
seamless integration of technology into daily life, fostering convenience and
accessibility. Specifically, the experiment aims to:
Develop a responsive sound sensor capable of detecting distinct clapping patterns.
Implement a mechanism to control electronic devices, such as lights or fans,
based on the detected clapping patterns.
Optimize the system for efficiency, responsiveness, and minimal false positives.
Theory :-
A clap switch is a device that can turn on or off an electrical circuit by the sound of a
clap. It is a simple and convenient way to control appliances without using physical
switches. Clap switches have various applications in home automation, security
systems, entertainment devices, and assistive technology for people with disabilities.
The basic principle of a clap switch is to use a microphone to capture the sound of a
clap and convert it into an electrical signal. The signal is then amplified and processed
by a circuit that can detect the clap pattern and trigger a relay to switch the load on or
off.One of the simplest and most common ways to build a clap switch is to use
discrete components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes, and relays.
These components are readily available and inexpensive, and can be easily assembled
on a breadboard or a printed circuit board.
Practical Work :-
Equipment :-
555 Timer IC
Condenser Microphone
10 µF Capacitor
1 µF Capacitor
BC547 Transistor
9V Battery
330 Ohm Resistor
47K Ohm Resistor
1K Ohm Resistor
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100K Ohm Resistor
LED
Connecting Wires
Breadboard
1N4007 Diode
Purpose of Equipment :-
555 Timer IC
555 is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses. It is an 8pin
timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable and astable. In
monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an external
resistor and a capacitor whereas in astable mode the frequency & duty cycle are
controlled by two external resistors and a capacitor. The 555 timer IC is an integrated
circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications.
The 555 timer time calculation formula in monostable mode is:
Time period T is given by:
T= 1.1 R1 × C1
Where T is time in seconds, R1 is resistance in ohm and C1 is capacitor in farads.
Condenser Microphone
A microphone is a device that converts sound waves into electrical signals. We used a
condenser microphone as a sound sensor to capture the clap sound and generate a
small voltage.
Capacitor
A capacitor is a device that can store electrical charge. We used two types of
capacitors in our circuit: ceramic and electrolytic. Ceramic capacitors are small and
have low capacitance values. We used them to filter out high-frequency noise from
the signal. Electrolytic capacitors are large and have high capacitance values. We used
them to smooth out the signal and provide a time delay for the relay.
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Transistor
A transistor is a device that can amplify or switch electrical signals.
Battery
A battery is a device that can provide electrical power. We used a 5V battery to power
our clap switch circuit and the relay coil.
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Resistor
A resistor is a device that can limit the flow of electric current. We used various
resistors in our circuit to control the voltage and current levels, and to protect the
components from damage.
LED
A LED (light-emitting diode) is a device that can emit light when an electric current
passes through it. We used a LED to indicate the output state of the IC 555.
Breadboard
A breadboard is a device that allows us to connect electronic components without
soldering. It has many holes that are internally connected by metal strips. We used a
breadboard to build our clap switch circuit and test its functionality.
Diode
A diode is a device that allows current to flow in one direction only. We used a diode
to prevent the reverse current from the relay coil from damaging the transistor.
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Procedure :-
Connect the power supply and breadboard together to set the voltage to 5 volts.
Connect the ground to the breadboard.
Connect one terminal of the 3.3kΩ resistor.
Connect the positive end of the condenser microphone to the voltage source and
place the negative end of the condenser microphone to the resistor.
Connect the base of the BC547 transistor to the condenser microphone.
Connect the emitter of the transistor to the ground.
Connect the resistor to the voltage source and the collector of the transistor.
Place the second BC547 transistor onto the breadboard.
Connect the collector of the first BC547 transistor to the base of the second
BC547 transistor.
Connect the emitter of the second BC547 transistor to the ground.
Place the 555 timer IC onto the breadboard.
Connect pin 6 with pin 7 of the 555 timer IC.
Connect pin 4 with pin 8 of the 555 timer IC.
Connect the 100k-ohm resistor to pin 7 and pin.
Connect the anode of the 20uF capacitor to pin 6 of the 555 timer IC.
Connect the cathode of the 20uF capacitor to the ground.
Connect a LED to pin 3 of the 555-timer.
Connect a 270-ohm resistor to the cathode of the LED and to the ground.
Connect pin 1 of the 555-timer to the ground.
Connect pin 4 of the 555-timer to the voltage source.
Connect a 1k-ohm resistor to the anode and the voltage source.
Connect a 100nF Capacitor to the anode of the second transistor and into pin 2
of the 555-timer IC.
Circuit Diagram
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Result and Discussion :-
We delve into the outcomes and analysis of our Clap Switch Experiment, outlining
the achievements, challenges faced, and insights gained during the implementation of
the circuit. It is crucial to note that our approach differed from conventional
microcontroller-based systems, employing a setup consisting of a Breadboard,
Microphone, IC 555, Transistor, Capacitor, 9V battery, LED, Resistor, Diode.
The following table summarizes the results of the clap switch circuit testing:
Test Result
Clap Detection 99%
False Triggering 1%
Load Control Successful
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Then again, the LED turns off with the clap
Experimental Results :-
Our experiment yielded positive results in terms of the clap switch responding to
the designated number of claps. The IC 555 successfully counted the claps and
triggering the transistor. This, in turn, controlled the electrical load, as demonstrated
by the illumination of the connected LED. The responsiveness of the system to
clapping validated the feasibility of our design.
Conclusion :-
In conclusion, our Clap Switch Experiment successfully demonstrated the practical
application of basic electronic components to create a functional and responsive
switching system. Despite the absence of a microcontroller, we leveraged a
combination of essential elements, including a Breadboard, Microphone, IC 4017,
Transistor, Capacitor, 5V relay, 5V battery, LED, Resistor, Diode, and Bulb, to
achieve our desired outcome.
In essence, this experiment not only fulfilled its primary objective of creating a clap
activated switch but also served as a stepping stone for further exploration and
learning in the vast realm of electronics.
Precautions :-
Here are some precautions to consider when designing or working with a Clap Switch
Circuit:
Noise Immunity
The circuit should be designed to reject noise and false triggers, ensuring reliable
operation.
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Sensitivity Adjustment
Ensure that the sensitivity of the circuit can be adjusted to accommodate different
sound levels and environment.
Applications :-
Our clap switch circuit can be used to control various electrical appliances by
clapping, without using physical switches. This can provide convenience, comfort,
and safety for the users, especially for people with mobility impairments or
disabilities.[1] Some of the potential applications and benefits of our clap switch
circuit are:
Home Automation
Our clap switch circuit can be used to automate the lighting in our home. For example,
we can clap to turn on or off the lights in our bedroom, living room, kitchen, or
bathroom. This can save energy, reduce electricity bills, and create a comfortable
ambiance.
Security System
Our clap switch circuit can be used to trigger an alarm or a camera when a loud sound
is detected. For example, we can clap to activate a siren or a flashlight to scare away
intruders or animals. This can enhance the security and safety of our home.
Sound-Activated Toys
Our clap switch circuit can be used to create sound activated toys or games for
children or adults. For example, we can clap to make a toy car move, a doll talk, or a
puzzle solve. This can stimulate creativity, curiosity, and fun.[2]
References :-
1. https://home.howstuffworks.com/clapper.htm
2. https://support.google.com/googlenest/answer/9286728?hl=en
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