CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS SOLUTION

Q1. Differentiate between

a) Plant cell and animal cell
b) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
a) Plant cell and animal cell
Plant cell Animal cell
Animal cell has a covering which is called
Plant cell has a covering which is call as cell wall. as cell membrane.
Cell wall is the outer layer of plant cell. Cell membrane is outer layer of animal cell.
Cell wall is a tough but flexible porous layer that Cell membrane is flexible and mainly made
gives a shape and protection to the cell. up of lipids and proteins.
Cell wall plays an important role in exchangingCell membrane plays an important role in
information from another cell. maintaining balance.
b) Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
The cells which do not have membrane bound nuclear The cells which have membrane bound nuclear ma
material are called as prokaryotic cell. are called as eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic cells are organised without nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are organised with nucleus.
Bacterial cell is the example of prokaryotes. Plant cell and animal cell are the examples of eukaryo
Q2. What would happens to the cell if the nucleus is removed? Give two reasons to support
your answer.
Ans- The nucleus is the largest and the most distinct of all the cell organelles. If the nucleus is
removed from the cell then no cell division would be there and there would be no regulation of
functions in the cell. To support these following reasons are given below:
1.) The nucleus is one of the most important cell organelle. Nucleus is closely involved in the
process of cell division if it is removed no cell division would occur.
2.) The nucleus regulates and controls all the characteristics of the organism. It is also called as
cell’s control room.
Q3. Lysosomes are known as sucidal bags of the cell. Why?
Ans- Lysosomes are tiny particles present in the cytoplasm. These lysosomes contain the
destructive enzymes. The materials which need to be destroyed they are transported to the
 lysosomes. These transported material gets digested by lysosome, lysosomes burst and enzymes
are released to digest the cell. Hence, lysosomes are called as sucidal bags of the cell.
Q4. Why does plant cell possess large sized vacuole?
Ans- The empty spaces present in the cell are called asa vacuoles. These vacuoles are fluid filled
sac like structure. Plant cells possess large sized vacuole because this vacuole maintain the turgur
pressure within the cell and export unwanted substance from the cell. Some mature plant cells
may occupy almost the entire cell space.
Q5. “Cell is the unit of life” explain the statement.
Ans- The fundamental organisational unit of life is cell because all living organisms are
composed of cells and cell products. Cells are enclosed by cell membrane which is composed of
proteins and lipids. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Q6. Who and when was “The cell theory” proposed.
When did they prepare it? What are silent features of it?
Ans- The cell theory was proposed by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in 1838-
39. Schleiden was a botanist and Schwann was a zoologist. There was a gap of 200 years
between Robert Hooke first observing cells and formulation of cell theory.
Silent features of cell theory:
o All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cell.
o All cells arise from pre-existing cell.

Q7. What happens if plasma membrane ruptures or breaks?

Ans-. The plasma membrane defines the shape and size of the cell, it encloses the cytoplasm and
protects the cell from outer environment. If plasma membrane gets rupture or breaks then the cell
can’t be in perfect shape and size and the cell is not protected from the outer environment.
Q8. What would happen to the life cell of if there was no golgi complex?
Ans- Golgi complex are organelle which are made up of several membranes, these membranes
create sac like structures around which fluid filled vesicles are bound. Golgi complex secrete
enzymes and help in membrane repair and regenerat membrane. If Golgi complex is not there in
a cell then the life of cell would decrease as it helps in repairing membrane and regeneration of
membrane.
Q9. When you are observing the nucleus of cheek cell in the laboratory ,what precautions
do you take?
Ans- The following precautions we should take while observing the nucleus of cheek :
1.) We should not scrape the cheek to hard as it may injure buccal mucosa.
2.) Scraped material should be spread evenly on the slide.
3.) The excess stains should be drained off.
4.) There should be no air bubble under the coverslip.
Q10. Read the chapter carefully collect the information about the functions of different cell
organelles and make a table which contains serial number. Cell organelle and their
function. Don’t forget to write your specific findings below the table?
Ans-
1.Mitochondria It is responsible for cellular respiration.
It functions to trap the energy from sunlight and transform to
2. Plastids chemical energy.
3.Ribosomes These are site for protein synthesis.
It serves as channel for transport of materials between cytoplasm and
4. Endoplasmic reticulum nucleus.
5.Golgi apparatus It functions in repairing and regeneration of membra
6. Lysosomes These burst and release enzymes to digest the cell.
7.Vacuoles They maintain turgur pressure within the cell .
Q13. Draw the typical animal cell and label it’s parts.

Q15. How do you appreciate about the organization of the cell in the living body?
Ans- Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. The cell is present in every living organism.
The organization of cell in the body is there according to their functions and the way they
express in their own way. In living body the organization of cell is well organized with nucleus.
Cell is the main important factor in living body their organization is very important and it is well
organized which can do all the functions needed to the body.
Q16. If the organization of cell is destroyed due to physical and chemical influence then
what will happen?
Ans- In human body the cell is well organized and due to organization of cell all the body
functions are carried well. If the organization is destroyed the way of the cell which works it
changes structurally and functionally. Due to chemical and physical influence the cell stops
functioning in the way it use to function.
Q17. How could you appreciate function of a tiny cell in the large body?
Ans- The cell present in human body is very very small in size we can say it’s very tiny but has
very important role in th body. There are many cells which play different roles in different body
parts. It’s amazing that such a tiny cell can perform very important role in human body. Hence
cell is the function unit of life.
Additional Questions and Answers:
MCQs
1.) ——– is the outer covering of animal cell.
A.) Cell membrane B. cell wall C. Mitochondria D. Nucleus.
Answer: Answer is A, cell membrane is the outer covering present in animal cell.
2.) ——– gives the protection and definite shape to the cell.
A.) Cell membrane B. cell wall C. Mitochondria D. Nucleus.
Answer: Answer is B, cell wall gives the protection and definite shape to the cell.
3.) Who gave the cell theory?
A.) William B. Shwann C. Schleiden D. None of these
Answer: Answer is C, Schilden proposed the cell theory.
4.) Which of the following cell do not have a nucleus?
A.) WBC B. RBC C. Platelets D. All of the above
Answer: Answer is B, RBC do not have a nucleus.
5.) Which of the following organelle involved in cell division?
A.) Cell Wall B. Nucleus C. Peroxisome D. Cell membrane
Answer: Answer is B, cell division occurs in the nucleus.
6.) ———– is not well developed in prokaryotes.
A.) Cell Wall B. Nucleus C. Peroxisome D. Cell membrane
B.) Answer:
Answer is B, nucleus is not well developed in prokaryotes.
7.) The granule like structure present on the surface of ——– organelle.
A.) Ribosome B, Golgi complex C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Cell wall
Answer: Answer is C, ribosome is a granule like structure present on the surface of Endoplasmic
reticulum.
8.) ————- organelle responsible for the lipid synthesis.
A.) Ribosome B, Golgi complex C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. Cell wall
Answer: Answer is C,Smooth endoplasmic reticulumorganelle responsible for the lipid synthesis.
9.) ——— is the sac like structure functions as packaging of substances.
10.) Ribosome B, Golgi complex C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. Cell wall
Answer: Answer is B, golgi complex is the sac like structure functions as packaging of
substances.
11.) Which of the following organelle is called as suicide bag of the cell?
A.) Cell Wall B. Nucleus C. Peroxisome D. Lysosome
Answer: Answer is D,Lysosomeis called as suicide bag of the cell
12.) ———– is called as power house of the cell.
A.) Cell membrane B. cell wall C. Mitochondria D. Nucleus.
Answer: Answer is C,Mitochondriais called as power house of the cell.
13.) Which of the following is a double membrane organelle?
A.) Peroxisome B. Lysosome C. ER D. Mitochondria
Answer: Answer is D,Mitochondriais a double membrane organelle.
14.) ———- is the site of protein synthesis dispersed in the cytoplasm.
A.) Ribosomes B. cell wall C. Mitochondria D. Nucleus.
Answer: Answer is A,Ribosomesis the site of protein synthesis dispersed in the cytoplasm.
15.) ———– ribosome is present in prokaryotes.
A.) 80s B. 70s C. 90s D. 60s
Answer: Answer is B, 70s ribosome is present in prokaryotes.
16.) Thylakoid is a part of ———- organelle.
A.) Peroxisome B. Lysosome C. Chloroplast D. Mitochondria
Answer: Answer is C,Thylakoid is a part of Chloroplast.
17.) Inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded called as ———–.
A.) Cristae B. Matrix C. Outer membrane D. None of these
Answer: Answer is A,Inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded called as cristae.
18.) ——— ER lacks the ribosome on the surface.
A.) Rough B. Smooth C. Partial D. All of the above
Answer: Answer is B,SmoothER lacks the ribosome on the surface.
19.) The substance or liquid present in nucleus is called as ——–.
A.) Cytoplasm B. Nucleoplasm C. Nucleolus D. Peroxisome
Answer: Answer is B, the substance or liquid present in nucleus is called asNucleoplasm.
20.) ——— protects the cell from external damage.
A.) Cell membrane B. Mitochondria C. Peroxisome D. All of the above.
Answer: Answer is A,Cell membraneprotects the cell from external damage.
21.) Genetic material is packed in ——– organelle.
A.) Peroxisome B. Lysosome C. Nucleus D. Mitochondria
Answer: Answer is C,Genetic material is packed in nucleus.
22.) Which of the following organelle is membrane less?
A.) Ribosome B. Lysosome C. Nucleus D. Mitochondria
Answer: Answer is A, ribosome is membrane less organelle.
23.) ——— is called as digestive organelle of the cell.
A.) Cell membrane B. Mitochondria C. Peroxisome D. Lysosome
Answer: Answer is A,Lysosomeis called as digestive organelle of the cell.
24.) The empty sacs present in cell is called as ———-.
A.) Peroxisome B. Lysosome C. Vacuole D. Mitochondria
Answer: Answer is C, the empty sacs present in cell is called as vacuole.
25.) The outer covering in plant cell is cell wall which is made up of ——–.
A.) Chitin B. Cellulose C. Glycogen D. Starch
Answer: Answer is B,The outer covering in plant cell is cell wall which is made up of cellulose.
26.) Which of the following are types of plastids?
A.) Chromoplast B. Chloroplast C. Leucoplast D. All of the above
Answer: Answer is D, all of 3 are types of plastid.
27.) ———- is the fundamental and basic unit of life.
A.) Cell B. Organ C. Tissue D. Muscle
Answer: Answer is A, cell is the fundamental and basic unit of life.
28.) Cell membrane is also called as ———.
 A.) Cell wall B. Plasma membrane C. Nuclear membrane. D. All of the above.
Answer: Answer is B,Cell membrane is also called asPlasma membrane.
29.) Nucleus is covered by———.

1. Cell wall B. Plasma membrane C. Nuclear membrane D. All of the above.

Answer: Answer is C,Nucleus is covered bynuclear membrane.

30.) ———- is required for photosynthesis?
A.) Peroxisome B. Chloroplast C. Vacuole D. Mitochondria
Answer: Answer is B,Chloroplastis required for photosynthesis.
Very short answer type question
1.) What is plasma membrane?
Answer: Plasma membrane is outermost boundary of the cell which protect the cell from any
external damage. Plasma membrane is also called as cell membrane which is made up of lipids
and proteins.
2.) How will you differentiate between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm?
Answer: Nucleoplasm is the fluid present in the nucleus whereas cytoplasm is a fluid or
substance which fills the cell.
3.) What is cell?
Answer: Cell is a basic unit and fundamental unit of Living Organisms; every living organism is
made up of tiny cells whether it is unicellular or multicellular organism.
4.) What is cell wall?
Answer: Cell wall is the outermost layer in the plant cells which gives rigidity and protection to
the cell. Cell Wall is absent in animal cell.
5.) What is the difference between prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell?
Answer: In prokaryotic cell there is no well developed nucleus its called as nucleophore and in
Eukaryotic cell the nucleus is well developed and surrounded by nuclear membrane.
6.) What are various organelles present in the cell?
Answer: The cell organelles present in cell are mitochondria, plastids also called as chloroplast,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, lysosome, peroxysome and vacuole.
7.) What is the function of Mitochondria?
Answer: Mitochondria is called as powerhouse of the cell which functions for generation of
energy or ATP. Most of the energy produced in mitochondria.
8.) What is chloroplast?
Answer: Chloroplast is one of the semi autonomous organelle because it has its own genetic
material, it is double membrane bound organelle and it is used for photosynthesis.
9.) What is endoplasmic reticulum?
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum is present near the nucleus. There are two types of Endoplasmic
reticulum such as smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum which
functions for the synthesis of lipids and proteins.
10.) Explain the significance of golgi apparatus?
Answer: Golgi apparatus is present with the ending of Endoplasmic reticulum. The protein
synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum are packaged inside the Golgi apparatus.
11.) What is the function of lysosome?
Answer: Lysosome is one of the digestive organelle of the cell which contains various
destructive enzymes it is also called as suicidal bag of the cell.
12.) Define the term mitochondria.
Answer: Mitochondria is double membrane bound organelle which has a property to synthesize
own ATP. Mitochondria has two membrane inner membrane and outer membrane, inner
membrane is highly folded called as cristae and the fluid present in mitochondria is called as
matrix.
13.) What are ribosomes?
Answer: Ribosome is one of the cell organelles of the cell which is required for protein
synthesis. Basically, there are two types of ribosomes such as 70s and 80s. 70s ribosome is
present in prokaryotes while 80s ribosome present in eukaryotes.
14.) Explain the term nucleus.
Answer: Nucleus is present in the centre of the cell which is covered by nuclear membrane. At
the centre of nucleus, nucleolus is present. DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis occurs in the
nucleus.
15.) What is vacuole?
Answer: Vacuole is the empty space present in the cell which is also called as a garbage house of
the cell.
16.) What is the difference between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic
reticulum?
Answer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum on the surface contains ribosomes therefore their
appearance is a rough, whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum is divided of ribosomes.
17.) Explain the structure of chloroplast.
Answer: Chloroplast is a double membrane bound organelle such as outer membrane and inner
membrane. The space between outer membrane and inner membrane it’s called as inter
membrane space. The cytoplasm of chloroplast is called as stroma. Chloroplast contain
specialised structure called as thylakoids.
18.) What is the origin of cell?
Answer: Various scientist proposed various theories in which one of the scientist shielden
proposed the most accepted sent theory. He explained the cell comes from free existing cells.
19.) What are the types of plastids?
Answer: There are three types of plastids such as chromoplast, chloroplast and leucoplast. The
chromoplast are coloured and chloroplast are green colored whereas lucoplast are colourless
plastids.
20.) Define the term selective permeability of plasma membrane.
Answer: Selective permeability of plasma membrane is allowing only the selective molecules in
the cell. The plasma membrane selectively permits the molecule which are having transporter.
21.) How to observe nucleus in the microscope?
Answer: For observation of nucleus in the microscope, take the scrapped material on a glass slide
with enough quantity of saline place a drop of methylene blue and glycerine. Place a cover slip
and observe under microscope.

22.) Who invented the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Answer: The Golgi apparatus was first observed by the scientist camilio Golgi in 1898 and
describe it as fluid filled vesicles.
23.) Which organelle of the cell secret chlorophyll?
Answer: Chloroplast is the green granule with secrets the green substance or pigment called as
chlorophyll.
24.) What is photosynthesis?
Answer: Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing food in the presence of Sunlight and
oxygen.
25.) What are the single membrane bound organelle present in the cell?
Answer: The single membrane bound organ in the cell are lysosome, peroxysome, golgi
complex, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole.
26.) Who invented nucleus in the cell?
Answer: The nucleus was first observed in the form of dark coloured spots by the scientist
Robert Brown in 1831 and he named it as nucleus.
27.) What is the substance present between nuclear membrane and plasma membrane?
Answer: The substance present between nuclear membrane and plasma membrane is called as
cytoplasm. It maintains the fluidity of the cell.
28.) Which cells contain nucleus?
Answer: Most prominently nucleus and nuclear material present in the plant cell and Animal cell
prokaryotic cells do not contain nucleus.
29.) Which organelle is responsible for cell respiration?
Answer: Mitochondria is responsible for cell respiration and its generates use amount of energy.
30.) Which stand is used for observation of vacuole?
Answer: Saffron in is used for the observation of vacuole which can be observed under high
power microscope.