k':ts kl/ro

;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg M 5f]6f] rrf{

;f/yL cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf nflu ljb'/ sf]O/fnf, s[i0fd'/fl/ lzjfsf]6L /
gf/fo0fk|;fb ;'j]bLåf/f ;Dkflbt ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg ;|f]t;fdu|L -;fj{hlgs k|zf;g, Joj:yfkg,
ljsf; ljz]if_ ;f]kfg dfl;såf/f @)^( ;fn j}zfvdf !,!)) k|lt k|sflzt !,)&^ k]hsf] a[xt\ u|Gy
xf] . kftnf] uftfsf] ?= !,!(%.– / df]6f] uftfsf] ¿= @,))).– d"No tf]lsPsf] k|:t't k':ts ;f]kfg k|];
k|f=ln= df d'b|0f ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
k|zf;g ;d"xtkm{sf] ;x;lrj / pk;lrj kbsf] kf7\oqmdsf d'Vo ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;d]6]/
/fHo / ;/sf/, nf]stGq / dfgjflwsf/, ;+ljwfg / sfg'g, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / ;'zf;g, ;fj{hlgs
gLlt, of]hgf / k|zf;g ;'wf/, ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg, sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg, ljsf; k|zf;g, g]kfnL
;dfh / o;sf] agf]6, cfly{s / ljQLo Joj:yfkg, ljljw;d]t u/L !! cg'R5]bdf %% hgf
n]vssf &^ cf]6f n]vx? o; ;ª\u|xdf ;dflji6 5g\ . n]vsf cnfjf cg';"rLx? eg]/ * cf]6f
k|zf;g;DaGwL ;fdu|L jf b:tfj]hx? kf7s;fd' kl:sPsf] 5 . oL ;fdu|Ldf lghfdtL ;]jfsf]
;f]rkq, Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf, @)^&, ;/sf/L lg0f{o k|lqmof ;/nLs/0f lgb]{lzsf, @)^%,
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf /fi6«;]js sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfrf/;+lxtf @)^*, lghfdtL ;]jfdf txut
k|0ffnL nfu' ug]{;DaGwL cWoog k|ltj]bg, @)^$, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfk|jfx / sfo{;+:s[lt, sfo{k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf;;DaGwL cWoog, @)^*, lghfdtL ;]jfdf pTk|]/0ffsf] ljBdfg cj:yf ;j]{If0f cWoog k|ltj]bg,
@)^* / /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^* sf] k|f/lDes glthf 5g\ .
k|:t't ;ª\u|xdf of]ubfg ug]{ %% hgf n]vsdWo] $@ hgf sfg'g ljifosf 5g\ /
k|foMh;f] pk;lrj :t/sf] kbdf cfl;g ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . sfg'g ljifosf cWo]otf eP/ klg
Joj:yfkgh:tf] r'gf}tLk"0f{ ljifodf pxfFx?n] h]–hlt pT;fxk"j{s snd rnfpg'ePsf] 5, ;f] pNn]Vo
/ cg's/0fLo 5 . ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\3Lotf;DaGwL k|f=8f= eLdb]j e§, /fHosf cª\ux?aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw
/ e|i6frf/;DaGwL df]xgk|;fb aGhf8], ;+;b\df ;ldlt k|0ffnL;DaGwL 6]sk|;fb 9'+ufgf, Joj:yfkg
;"rgf k|0ffnL;DaGwL zf/bfk|;fb lqtfn, ljZjJofkLs/0f;DaGwL b'n/fh a:ofn, k//fi6« gLlt;DaGwL
k|f=8f= ho/fh cfrfo{sf n]vx? lgs} 1fga4{s / kf7sx?sf] lh1f;f t[Kt ug]{ vfnsf 5g\ .
cGo n]vx? sltko ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s ljifonfO{ lnP/ n]lvPsf 5g\ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf,
;/sf/sf] e"ldsf, zf;sLo :j?k Pjd\ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gh:tf ljifosf n]vn] /fHo /
;/sf/af/] ax; eO/x]sf] jt{dfg ;dodf nf]s ;]jfsf ;fd]nL pd]bjf/nfO{ dfq cfslif{t ub}{g clkt'
;fdfGo kf7snfO{ klg plQs} cfslif{t u5{ .
To:t} sfg'gsf] zf;g, dfgjflwsf/, ;dfj]lztf, ;fdflhs Gofo Pjd\ cf/If0fsf ljifodf
klg o; ;ª\u|xdf n]vx? 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf;, o;sf k|j[lQ Pjd\ k|lqmofaf/] klg
hfgsf/Ld"ns n]vx? cWoog ug{ kfOG5 .

k|zf;g ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g;DaGwL klqsf 253

 ;'zf;g, k|zf;g ;'wf/, of]hgf / gLlt th'{df Pjd\ cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg;DaGwL n]vx?n]
cWoogfyL{x?nfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg{ e/dUb'/ k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg ljifosf] cfsif{s
kl/R5]bdf !^ cf]6f n]vx? ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . ;}4flGts Jojxfl/s kIfnfO{ ;d]l6Psf oL n]vsf
n]vsn] Joj:yfkgh:tf] hl6n ljifodf ;/n 9ª\un] ljj/0fx? k|:t't ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ .
;ª\u|xdf sd{rf/L k|zf;g;DaGwL !% cf]6f / ljsf; k|zf;g;DaGwL * cf]6f n]vx? ;+nUg
5g\ h;df lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ljsf;qmd, o;sf ljs[lt, ;d:of, ;dfwfg / ;'wf/sf k|oTg Pjd\
efjL :j?kaf/], j[lQljsf;, g]t[Tj, sfo{;+:s[lt, 6«]8 o'lgog, sd{rf/LtGq, ;ª\u7gfTds Jojxf/af/]
pkof]uL k|s[ltsf n]vx? 5g\ . ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo, lbuf] ljsf;, dlxnf ;xeflutf, ljs]Gb|Ls/0f,
ljsf;df u}/;/sf/L If]q, åGåf]Q/ k'glg{df{0fh:tf ljifodf klg 1fga4{s n]vx? o; ;ª\u|xdf
;ª\u[xLt 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljljwtfk"0f{ agf]6, g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof, ljZjJofkLs/0f, j}b]lzs
;xfotf / e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] clwsf/h:tf ljifodf klg n]vx? ;ª\slnt 5g\ .
k':tssf] clGtd v08df ;ª\u[xLt * cf]6f pkof]uL ;fdu|L÷b:tfj]hx?n] klg k/LIffyL{ /
lh1f;'x?sf] 1fgsf] Kof; t[Kt ug{df /fd|f] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .
;du|df eGbf ;|f]t;fdu|L ;ª\u|xdf pkof]uL ;fdu|L jf n]vx?sf] ;ª\u|xsf nflu ul/Psf]
k|oTg clt ;sf/fTds / k/LIffyL{sf nflu pkof]uL b]lvG5 . xfnsf jif{x?df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf
k/LIffyL{x?sf] cfjZostf / dfunfO{ nlIft u/]/ Jofj;flos tj/n] tof/L -sf]lrª_ sIffx?
rnfpg], cWoog ;fdu|L jf ufO8 a'sx? lgsfNg] qmd cfqmfds ?kdf lj:tf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .
u'0f:t/;DaGwL 7f]; cfwf/ jf dfkb08x?sf] ;j{yf cefj ePsf] / ;dsfnLg ;dfhsf] g}lts
d"No÷dfGotfsf] dfgs :t/ v:sFb} df}lb|s hu]gf{tkm{ g} cled'v x'Fb} u/]sf] l:yltdf æufO8 jf lsÆ
;+:s[lt km:6fpg' cGoyf eGg ;lsGg . ;dofefj, sfo{Jo:ttfn] ubf{ k|ltof]uL sd{rf/Ln] 5l/tf],
;lhnf] …SofK;'nÚsf] lt;{gf ug'{ :jfefljs} xf] . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf u'0f:t/LoeGbf tby{ 9ª\un] kb]g
n]vs jf a'l4hLjLn] hf]8hfd u/L tof/ u/]sf …n]vÚx?sf] ;ª\u|x ahf/df 5\of;5\of:tL b]Vg
;lsG5 . ljutdf sxLF st} n]v gn]Vg] JolStx? klg n]vssf ?kdf k':tsfsf/ s[lt g} lnP/
ahf/df b]vf k5{g\ . k':ts;DaGwL sfg'g jf gLlt gx'Fbf o:tf] k|j[lQ a9L g} b]lvG5 . k|:t't
;ª\u|xn] eg] u'0f:t/Lotf sfod /fVg ldlxg]t u/]sf] kfOG5 . sltko n]vsx?n] eg] s/sfkdf
hf]8hfd u/]/ dfq …n]vÚx? tof/ u/]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . …sfg'gÚ If]qsf k]zfsdL{x?aLrsf] j[Qleqs}
ldqx?sf] ;xsfo{sf] pkhsf ?kdf k|:t't ;ª\u|xnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . ;'wf/sf k|z:t 7fpF x'Fbfx'Fb}
klg k|ltof]uL cWoo]tf / ;Da4 ljifosf lh1f;'n] ;d]t ;xh / ;/n ?kdf ;ª\slnt, lnlvt
;fdu|Lx?sf] uxg cWoog u/]df cjZo kmfObf lng ;Sg] b]lvG5 . cfufdL ;+:s/0f / k|sfzgx?df
n]vs / ;ª\snsx?af6 cem pkof]uL ;fdu|Lsf] k|:t'lt xf];\ eGg] sfdgf ug{ ;lsG5 .

wL/s'df/ >]i7

254 PRASHASAN The Nepalese Journal of Public Administration