Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology, Delhi

(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi)

PHP Programming and MySQL Lab

Paper Code: FSD‐435P

Academic Year: 2024-2025

Semester: 7th

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms. Jyotsana Mam Name: Gyanesh Kumar

Assistant Professor Roll No.: 05876802721

Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology

Department of Computer Science & Engineering
 INDEX
S. List of Experiments Date T. Sign
No.
1 a. Install and configure PHP, web server, MYSQL
b. Write a program to print "Welcome to PHP".
c. Write a simple PHP program using expressions and operators.
2 Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Decision-making
control structures using:
a. If statement
b. If-else statement
c. Switch statement
3 W rite a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Looping structures
using:
a. while statement
b. do-while statement
c. for statement
d. foreach statement
4 Write a PHP program for creating and manipulating-
a. Indexed array
b. Associative array
c. Multidimensional array
5 a. Write a PHP program to-
i. Calculate length of string.
ii. Count the number of words in string without using string
functions.
b. Write a simple PHP program to demonstrate use of various built-
in string functions.
6 Write a simple PHP program to demonstrate use of Simple function
and Parametrized function.
7 Develop web page with data validation.

8 Write simple PHP program to-

a. Set cookies and read it.
b. Demonstrate session management
9 Develop a simple application to-
a. Enter data into database.
b. Retrieve and present data from database.
10. Develop a simple application to Update, Delete table data from
database.
 Experiment -1
Aim:
a. Install and configure PHP, web server, MYSQL
b. Write a program to print "Welcome to PHP".
c. Write a simple PHP program using expressions and operators.

Theory:
➢ Install and configure PHP, web server, MYSQL

XAMPP is a free, open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package developed by
Apache Friends. It primarily includes:

1. Apache - Web server

2. MySQL (MariaDB) - Database
3. PHP and Perl - Scripting languages

XAMPP is widely used for local development as it provides an easy way to set up a LAMP-like
stack on Windows, macOS, or Linux without complex configuration. Here’s a summary of its
components and features:

Key Components:

• Apache: Hosts websites and serves files over HTTP.

• MySQL/MariaDB: Database for storing site content, configuration, and other
application data.
• PHP: Server-side scripting language to handle dynamic content.
• Perl: Another scripting language, less commonly used for web, but supported in
XAMPP.
• phpMyAdmin: Web-based interface for managing MySQL databases.
• FileZilla FTP Server: Optional, for FTP services.
• Tomcat: Optional, for running Java Servlets and JSP.

Common Configurations:

• Change Apache Port: Modify Listen 80 in httpd.conf if port 80 is in use.

• Modify PHP Settings: Adjust php.ini in the php folder to configure PHP parameters
(e.g., max upload size).
• Database Access: Use phpMyAdmin to manage databases at
http://localhost/phpmyadmin.
Installation and Use:

1. Download: Get XAMPP from the official Apache Friends website.

2. Install: Follow the installation wizard to set up XAMPP on your machine.

 3. Control Panel: XAMPP Control Panel allows you to start/stop individual components,
manage configuration files, and view logs.

1. PHP Configuration

• File Location: xampp/php/php.ini

• Key Settings to Modify:
o Maximum File Upload Size: Find and modify upload_max_filesize and
post_max_size to increase file upload limits.
o Error Reporting: Adjust error_reporting to control the types of PHP errors
displayed (e.g., E_ALL for all errors).
o Memory Limit: Modify memory_limit if your PHP scripts require more
memory.
o Execution Time: Change max_execution_time to prevent PHP scripts from
timing out too quickly.

2. Apache Configuration

• File Location: xampp/apache/conf/httpd.conf

• Key Settings to Modify:
o Server Port: By default, Apache uses port 80. To change it, locate Listen 80
in httpd.conf and replace 80 with a different port (e.g., 8080).
o Virtual Hosts: You can configure multiple domains/sites on your local server. To
do this, edit xampp/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf and define
each virtual host.
o Directory Permissions: Modify settings like AllowOverride to enable or
disable .htaccess overrides and control access permissions for specific
directories.
3. MySQL Configuration

• File Location: xampp/mysql/bin/my.ini

• Key Settings to Modify:
o Port Number: The default MySQL port is 3306. To change it, locate the port
setting and replace 3306 with a different port if needed.
o Buffer Sizes: Adjust settings like key_buffer_size, query_cache_size,
and innodb_buffer_pool_size to improve MySQL performance based on
your application’s requirements.
o Character Set: To set a default character set, look for character-set-server
and set it to your desired encoding (e.g., utf8mb4).

➢ Program to Print "Welcome to PHP"

<?php

echo "Welcome to PHP";

?>

Output:
 ➢ Write a simple PHP program using expressions and operators.
<?php
// Variables
$a = 10;
$b = 5;

// Arithmetic Operations
$sum = $a + $b;
$difference = $a - $b;
$product = $a * $b;
$division = $a / $b;

// Output results
echo "Sum: $sum<br>";
echo "Difference: $difference<br>";
echo "Product: $product<br>";
echo "Division: $division<br>";

// Comparison Operator
echo "Is A greater than 8? ";
echo ($a > 8) ? "Yes" : "No";
echo "<br>";

// Logical Operator
$isPositive = ($a > 0) && ($b > 0);
echo "Are both A and B positive? ";
echo ($isPositive) ? "Yes" : "No";
?>
Output:
 Experiment -2
Aim:
Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Decision making control structures using:
a. If statement
b. If-else statement
C. Switch statement

Theory:
➢ If statement
<?php
$number = 10;
if ($number > 0) {
echo "$number is a positive number.";
}
?>

Output:
 ➢ If-else statement
<?php
$number = 15;
if ($number % 2 == 0) {
echo "$number is an even number.";
} else {
echo "$number is an odd number.";
}
?>

Output:

➢ Switch statement
<?php
$day = 3;
switch ($day) {
case 1:
echo "Sunday"; break;
case 2:
 echo "Monday"; break;
case 3:
echo "Tuesday"; break;
case 4:
echo "Wednesday"; break;
case 5:
echo "Thursday"; break;
case 6:
echo "Friday"; break;
case 7:
echo "Saturday"; break;
default:
echo "Invalid day number!"; break;
}
?>

Output:
 Experiment -3
Aim:
Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Looping structures using:
a. while statement
b. do-while statement
c. for statement
d. foreach statement

Theory:
➢ while statement
<?php
$number = 1;
while ($number <= 5) {
echo "Number: $number<br>"; // Corrected to use the variable within the string
$number++;
}
?>

Output:
 ➢ do-while statement
<?php
$number = 1;
do {
echo "Number: $number<br>"; // This will print the value of $number
$number++; // Increment the number
} while ($number <= 5); // Continue looping while $number is less than or equal to 5
?>

Output:

➢ for statement
<?php
for ($i = 1; $i <= 7; $i++) {
echo "Number: $i<br>"; // This will print the value of $i
}
?>
Output:

➢ foreach statement
<?php
$colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow");
foreach ($colors as $color) {
echo "Color: $color<br>"; // Print each color from the array
}
?>

Output:
 Experiment -4
Aim:
Write a PHP program for creating and manipulating-
a. Indexed array
b. Associative array
c. Multidimensional array

Theory:
➢ Indexed array
<?php
// Creating an indexed array
$fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry", "Date", "Fig"];

// Adding an element to the array

$fruits[] = "Grapes";

// Removing an element from the array (removes "Cherry")

unset($fruits[2]);

// Modifying an element (change "Banana" to "Blueberry")

$fruits[1] = "Blueberry";

// Displaying the array

echo "Indexed Array:<br>";
foreach ($fruits as $fruit) {
echo $fruit . "<br>";
}
?>
Output:

➢ Associative array
<?php
// Creating an associative array
$person = ["name" => "Om", "age" => 20, "city" => "Delhi"];
$person["country"] = "INDIA";

// Modifying a value
$person["age"] = 24;

// Removing a key-value pair

unset($person["city"]);
echo "Associative Array: <br>";
foreach ($person as $key => $value) {
echo $key . ": " . $value . "<br>";
}
?>
Output:

➢ Multidimensional array
<?php
// Creating a multidimensional array for students
$students = [
["name" => "Om", "age" => 24, "grade" => "A"],
["name" => "Sushant", "age" => 22, "grade" => "B"],
["name" => "Jaspreet", "age" => 21, "grade" => "C"]
];

// Adding a new student

$students[] = ["name" => "Manish", "age" => 21, "grade" => "D"];

// Modifying a student's grade

$students[1]["grade"] = "A";

// Removing a student
 unset($students[2]);

// Displaying the array

echo "Multidimensional Array: <br>";
foreach ($students as $student) {
echo "Name: " . $student["name"] . ", Age: " . $student["age"] . ", Grade: " .
$student["grade"] . "<br>";
}
?>

Output:
 Experiment -5
Aim:
a. Write a PHP program to-
i. Calculate length of string.
ii. Count the number of words in string without using string functions.
b. Write a simple PHP program to demonstrate use of various built-in string functions.

Theory:
➢ Write a PHP program to-
▪ Calculate length of string
<?php
// Function to calculate the length of a string
function calculateStringLength($string) {
$length = 0;
for ($i = 0; isset($string[$i]); $i++) {
$length++;
}
return $length;
}

// Example string
$inputString = "Hello world! Welcome to PHP programming.";

// Calculate length of string

$length = calculateStringLength($inputString);

// Output the length

echo "Length of the string: $length<br>";
?>
Output:

▪ Count the number of words in string without using string functions:

<?php
// Function to count the number of words in a string
function countWords($string) {
$wordCount = 0;
$inWord = false; // Flag to indicate if we are in a word

// Iterate through each character in the string

for ($i = 0; isset($string[$i]); $i++) {
if ($string[$i] != ' ' && $string[$i] != "\n" && $string[$i] != "\t") {
// If we are not in a word, start counting a new word
if (!$inWord) {
$wordCount++;
$inWord = true; // We've found a word
}
} else {
 // We're in whitespace, so we're not in a word anymore
$inWord = false;
}
}

return $wordCount;
}
// Example string
$inputString = "Hello world! Welcome to PHP programming.";

// Count the number of words

$wordCount = countWords($inputString);

// Output the result

echo "Number of words in the string: $wordCount";
?>

Output:
➢ Write a simple PHP program to demonstrate use of various built-in string functions.
<?php
// Example string
$originalString = "Hello, PHP World! Welcome to PHP Programming.";

// Demonstrating built-in string functions

echo "Original String: $originalString<br>";

// 1. strlen() - Get string length

$length = strlen($originalString);
echo "Length of the string: $length<br>";

// 2. trim() - Remove whitespace from both sides

$trimmedString = trim($originalString);
echo "Trimmed String: $trimmedString<br>";

// 3. strtoupper() - Convert to uppercase

$upperString = strtoupper($trimmedString);
echo "Uppercase String: $upperString<br>";

// 4. strtolower() - Convert to lowercase

$lowerString = strtolower($upperString);
echo "Lowercase String: $lowerString<br>";

// 5. str_replace() - Replace a substring with another

$replacedString = str_replace("PHP", "Python", $originalString);
echo "Replaced String: $replacedString<br>";
 // 6. substr() - Get a substring
$substring = substr($trimmedString, 7, 3); // Starting at index 7, length 3
echo "Substring (from index 7, length 3): $substring<br>";

// 7. strpos() - Find position of first occurrence of a substring

$position = strpos($trimmedString, "World");
echo "Position of 'World': $position<br>";
// 8. explode() - Split a string by a delimiter
$wordsArray = explode(" ", $trimmedString); // Split by spaces
echo "Words Array: ";
print_r($wordsArray);
echo "<br>";
// 9. implode() - Join array elements with a string
$joinedString = implode("-", $wordsArray);
echo "Joined String with hyphens: $joinedString<br>";
?>

Output:
 Experiment -6
Aim:
Write a simple PHP program to demonstrate use of Simple function and Parametrized function.

Theory:
<?php
// Simple function
function sayHello() {
echo "Hello, World! <br>";
}

// Call the simple function

sayHello();

// Parameterized function
function greetUser($name) {
echo "Hello, $name! I welcome you to PHP programming.<br>";
}

// Call the parameterized function with different names

greetUser("Om");
greetUser("Sushant");
greetUser("Jaspreet");

// Parameterized function with default parameter

function calculateArea($length, $width = 5) {
$area = $length * $width;
echo "The area of a rectangle with length $length and width $width is: $area<br>";
}
// Call the function with both parameters
calculateArea(10, 7);

// Call the function with only the length parameter (width will use the default value)
calculateArea(10);
?>

Output:
 Experiment -7
Aim:
Develop web page with data validation.
Theory:
<?php
// Initialize variables and error messages
$name = $email = $password = "";
$nameErr = $emailErr = $passwordErr = "";
$successMessage = "";

// Function to validate input

function test_input($data) {
return htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(trim($data)));
}

// Check if the form is submitted

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// Validate name
if (empty($_POST["name"])) {
$nameErr = "Name is required";
} else {
$name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/", $name)) {
$nameErr = "Only letters and white space are allowed";
}
}

// Validate email
 if (empty($_POST["email"])) {
$emailErr = "Email is required";
} else {
$email = test_input($_POST["email"]);
if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
$emailErr = "Invalid email format";
}
}

// Validate password
if (empty($_POST["password"])) {
$passwordErr = "Password is required";
} else {
$password = test_input($_POST["password"]);
if (strlen($password) < 6) {
$passwordErr = "Password must be at least 6 characters long";
}
}

// If there are no errors, process the data

if (empty($nameErr) && empty($emailErr) && empty($passwordErr)) {
$successMessage = "Registration successful!";
}
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Data Validation Example</title>
<style>
.error { color: red; }
.success { color: green; }
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Registration Form</h2>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo
htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?php echo $name; ?>">
<span class="error"><?php echo $nameErr; ?></span><br><br>

Email: <input type="text" name="email" value="<?php echo $email; ?>">

<span class="error"><?php echo $emailErr; ?></span><br><br>

Password: <input type="password" name="password" value="<?php echo $password;

?>">
<span class="error"><?php echo $passwordErr; ?></span><br><br>

<input type="submit" value="Register">

</form>

<?php
if (!empty($successMessage)) {
 echo "<p class='success'>$successMessage</p>";
}
?>

</body>
</html>

Output:
 Experiment -8
Aim:
Write simple PHP program to-
a. Set cookies and read it.
b. Demonstrate session management

Theory:
➢ Write simple PHP program to-

• Set cookies and read it.

<?php
setcookie("user", "Om", time() + 86400, "/");

if (isset($_COOKIE["user"])) {
echo "Cookie 'user' is set!<br>";
echo "Value: " . $_COOKIE["user"];
} else {
echo "Cookie 'user' is not set.";
}
?>

Output:
 ➢ Write simple PHP program to-
• Demonstrate session management
<?php
session_start(); // Start the session
if (isset($_GET['action']) && $_GET['action'] == 'logout') {
// Unset all session variables
session_unset();
// Destroy the session
session_destroy();
echo "You have been logged out.<br><br>";
}
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST' && isset($_POST['username'])) {
// Simulate a successful login by setting session variables
$_SESSION['user_id'] = 101;
$_SESSION['username'] = $_POST['username'];
}
if (isset($_SESSION['user_id']) && isset($_SESSION['username'])) {
// User is logged in, show dashboard
echo "Welcome, " . htmlspecialchars($_SESSION['username']) . "!<br>";
echo "Your User ID is: " . htmlspecialchars($_SESSION['user_id']) . "<br>";
echo '<a href="?action=logout">Logout</a>';
} else {
// User is not logged in, show login form
echo "<h2>Login</h2>";
echo '<form method="POST" action="">';
echo 'Username: <input type="text" name="username" required>';
echo '<input type="submit" value="Login">';
echo '</form>';
}
?>

Output:
 Experiment -9
Aim:
Develop a simple application to-
a. Enter data into database.
b. Retrieve and present data from database.

Theory:
➢ Develop a simple application to-

• Enter data into database.

<?php
// Database connection
$database_file = "simple_app.db"; // Path to the SQLite database file
$conn = new PDO("sqlite:$database_file");
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

// Check connection (optional)

if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->errorInfo());
}

// Create table if it does not exist

$sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
email TEXT NOT NULL
)";
$conn->exec($sql);

// Insert data into the database

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
$name = $_POST['name'];
$email = $_POST['email'];

$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (:name, :email)");

$stmt->bindParam(':name', $name);
$stmt->bindParam(':email', $email);

if ($stmt->execute()) {
echo "New record created successfully<br>";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $stmt->errorInfo()[2];
}
}
$conn = null; // Close the connection
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Enter Data</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Enter User Data</h2>
<form method="post" action="">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" required><br>
Email: <input type="email" name="email" required><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Output:
 ➢ Develop a simple application to-
• Retrieve and present data from database.
<?php
session_start(); // Start the session

// Check if the user has logged out

if (isset($_GET['action']) && $_GET['action'] == 'logout') {
// Unset all session variables
session_unset();
// Destroy the session
session_destroy();
echo "You have been logged out.<br><br>";
}

// Handle login
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST' && isset($_POST['username'])) {
// Simulate a successful login by setting session variables
$_SESSION['user_id'] = 101;
$_SESSION['username'] = $_POST['username'];
}

// Check if user data exists in session

if (isset($_SESSION['user_id']) && isset($_SESSION['username'])) {
// User is logged in, show dashboard
echo "Welcome, " . htmlspecialchars($_SESSION['username']) . "!<br>";
echo "Your User ID is: " . htmlspecialchars($_SESSION['user_id']) . "<br>";
echo '<a href="?action=logout">Logout</a>';
} else {
 // User is not logged in, show login form
echo "<h2>Login</h2>";
echo '<form method="POST" action="">';
echo 'Username: <input type="text" name="username" required>';
echo '<input type="submit" value="Login">';
echo '</form>';
}
?>

Output:
 Experiment -10
Aim:
Develop a simple application to Update, Delete table data from database.

Theory:
<?php
// Database connection
$database_file = 'simple_app.db'; // SQLite database file path
$conn = new PDO("sqlite:$database_file");
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

// Create the users table if it doesn't exist

$conn->exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
email TEXT NOT NULL
)");

// Handle Update operation

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST" && isset($_POST['update'])) {
$id = $_POST['id'];
$name = $_POST['name'];
$email = $_POST['email'];

$stmt = $conn->prepare("UPDATE users SET name = :name, email = :email WHERE id =

:id");
$stmt->bindParam(":name", $name);
$stmt->bindParam(":email", $email);
$stmt->bindParam(":id", $id);
 if ($stmt->execute()) {
echo "Record updated successfully.";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . $stmt->errorInfo()[2];
}
}

// Handle Delete operation

if (isset($_GET['delete'])) {
$id = $_GET['delete'];

$stmt = $conn->prepare("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = :id");

$stmt->bindParam(':id', $id);

if ($stmt->execute()) {
echo "Record deleted successfully.";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $stmt->errorInfo()[2];
}
}

// Retrieve data from the database

$sql = "SELECT id, name, email FROM users";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Manage User Data</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>User Data</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
<?php if ($result->rowCount() > 0): ?>
<?php foreach ($result as $row): ?>
<tr>
<td><?= htmlspecialchars($row['id']) ?></td>
<td><?= htmlspecialchars($row['name']) ?></td>
<td><?= htmlspecialchars($row['email']) ?></td>
<td>
<a href="?edit=<?= $row['id'] ?>">Edit</a> |
<a href="?delete=<?= $row['id'] ?>" onclick="return confirm('Are you
sure?')">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php else: ?>
<tr><td colspan="4">No records found.</td></tr>
 <?php endif; ?>
</table>

<?php
// Handle Edit operation
if (isset($_GET['edit'])):
$id = $_GET['edit'];
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id");
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $id);
$stmt->execute();
$user = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

if ($user):
?>
<h2>Edit User</h2>
<form method="post" action="">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?= htmlspecialchars($user['id']) ?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?= htmlspecialchars($user['name'])
?>"><br>
Email: <input type="email" name="email" value="<?= htmlspecialchars($user['email'])
?>"><br>
<input type="submit" name="update" value="Update">
</form>
<?php endif; endif; ?>
</body>
</html>
<?php
$conn = null; // Close the connection
?>
Output: