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R Programs-NS

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13 views8 pages

R Programs-NS

Uploaded by

aliaisbest271
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One Step Euler’s Method

Consider the first order ordinary differential equation


𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
with initial condition y(x0)= y0
Let xn=x0+nh=xn-1+h, where h is the step size and n is the number of steps.
Formula:
y(xn+1) = yn+1 = yn+h* f(xn,yn)

# Euler's method function


euler=function(f,xn,yn,h,N,n=0){
df=NULL
An=f(xn,yn)
while(n<N){
df=rbind(df,data.frame(n=n,Xn=xn,Yn=yn,An=An,hAn=h*An)) # Combine
into a data frame for tabular output
An=f(xn,yn)
xn=xn+h
yn=yn+h*An
n=n+1
}
print(df)
}
# Define the derivative function f(x, y)
f=function(x,y){
y-x
}
# Run Euler's method
df=euler(f,0,2,0.1,5)

#Output

Practice Questions
1.

2.

3.
Runga-Kutta Method of 2nd Order
Consider the first order ordinary differential equation
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
with initial condition y(x0)= y0
Let xn=x0+nh=xn-1+h, where h is the step size and n is the number of steps.
Formula:
K1 = hf(xn,yn)
K2 = hf(xn + h,yn + K1)
K=1/2(K1+ K2)
y(xn+1) = yn+1 = yn+K

# RK 2nd order method function


rk2=function(f,xn,yn,h,N,n=0){
df=NULL
K=f(xn,yn)
while(n<N){
df=rbind(df,data.frame(n=n,Xn=xn,Yn=yn,K=K)) # Combine into a data
frame for tabular output
K1=h*f(xn,yn)
K2=h*f(xn+h,yn+K1)
K=(K1+K2)/2
xn=xn+h
yn=yn+K
n=n+1
}
print(df)
}
# Define the derivative function f(x, y)
f=function(x,y){
x+y
}
# Run RK 2nd order method
df=rk2(f,0,1,0.1,3)

#Output
Practice Questions
1.

2.

3.
Runga-Kutta Method of 4th Order
Consider the first order ordinary differential equation
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
with initial condition y(x0)= y0
Let xn=x0+nh=xn-1+h, where h is the step size and n is the number of steps.
Formula:
K1 = hf(xn,yn)
K2 = hf(xn + h/2,yn + K1/2)
K3 = hf(xn + h/2,yn + K2/2)
K4 = hf(xn + h,yn + K3)
K=(K1+2K2+2K3+K4)/6
y(xn+1) = yn+1 = yn+K

# RK 4th order method function


rk4=function(f,xn,yn,h,N,n=0){
df=NULL
K=f(xn,yn)
while(n<N){
df=rbind(df,data.frame(n=n,Xn=xn,Yn=yn,K=K)) # Combine into a data
frame for tabular output
K1=h*f(xn,yn)
K2=h*f(xn+h/2,yn+K1/2)
K3= h*f(xn+h/2,yn+K2/2)
K4= h*f(xn+h,yn+K3)
K=(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6
xn=xn+h
yn=yn+K
n=n+1
}
print(df)
}
# Define the derivative function f(x, y)
f=function(x,y){
x+y*y
}
# Run RK 4th order method
df=rk4(f,0,1,0.2,3)

#Output
Practice Questions
1.

2.

3.

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