Mini Project Report On

Smart Agricutlture With IOT

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the

degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Engineering

Submitted by
Rutuja Deokar
Gauri Sonawane
Rutuja sonde

Under the guidance of

Dr.Ranchana Dhannawat

Name of College
USHA MITTAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
S.N.D.T. WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY
MUMBAI-400049
2024-2025
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Rutuja Deokar,Gauri Sonawane,Rutuja Sonde has com-

pleted the mini project report on the topic ”SMART AGRICULTURE WITH
IOT” satisfactorily in partial fulfillment for the Bachelor’s Degree in Computer
Engineering under the guidance of Dr.Rachana Dhannnawat during the year 2024-
2025 as prescribed by UMIT.

Guide Head of Department

Dr. Rachana Dhannawat Dr.Rachana Dhannawat

Principal
Dr.Yogesh Nerkar

Examiner 1 Examiner 2
 Declaration
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my
own words and where others’ ideas or words have been included, I have
adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that
I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have
not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source
in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above
will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also
evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly
cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

(Signature )

(Rutuja Deokar
Gauri Sonawane
Rutuja Sonde)

(12,61,62)

Dateb : 27-11-2024

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 Abstract

Weed Detection using Machine Learning for Agricultural Automation Weeds

pose a significant challenge to modern agriculture, competing with crops for nutri-
ents, water, and sunlight, often resulting in reduced crop yields. Traditional meth-
ods of weed detection, such as manual inspection and chemical treatments, are
labor-intensive, costly, and environmentally harmful. In this project, we present
an innovative solution for automated weed detection using machine learning tech-
niques. Our system utilizes a deep learning model trained on a large dataset of
images containing both crops and weeds. Given an input image, the model clas-
sifies each object as either a weed or a crop, providing fast and accurate results.
The machine learning model, implemented in Python using popular libraries such
as TensorFlow and Keras, is trained on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a
state-of-the-art technique in image recognition tasks. The system can process im-
ages taken from agricultural fields, detect the presence of weeds, and distinguish
them from crops with high accuracy. By automating weed detection, our solu-
tion aims to help farmers improve crop management practices, reduce the usage
of harmful herbicides, and lower production costs. The proposed system not only
offers an efficient alternative to manual labor but also promotes environmentally
sustainable farming practices.
Chapter 1

Introduction

sanjay Introduction should not be less that one page at least it should be one
and half page. It should consists of the brief information of you project and
what are the similar methods carried out. Introduction may be in the paragraphs
with proper references of citation. Introduction also consists of figures which are
properly captioned.
It is very important to note that there should not be any space before the
comma(,) or full stop (.).
Last paragraph of the introduction should give flow of information in succeeding
chapter.

1.1 Objectives of the Study

1.2 Organization of the report

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Chapter 2

Review of Literature

This chapter should consists the information regarding already available solu-
tions/methods of whatever you are proposing.
Another paragraph should explain what are the problems with the solution/methods
proposed by others. These methods should be properly supported by proper ref-
erence.

2
Chapter 3

Realisation /Implementation of
the proposed Weed Detection
system

This chapter details the design and The proposed Weed Detection System lever-
ages machine learning algorithms to automatically detect weeds in agricultural
fields, providing an efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative to tradi-
tional methods of weed management.

3.0.1 System architecture

The system architecture of the Weed Detection System is designed to leverage
machine learning for real-time, automated weed identification and classification in
agricultural fields. The architecture can be broken down into several layers, each
responsible for a specific function, from data acquisition to result delivery.

System Overview The WEED system architecture involves the following com-
ponents:
1.Image Acquisition Layer
2.Preprocessing Layer
3.Model Layer (Machine Learning Deep Learning)

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4.Inference Layer
5.User Interface (UI) Layer
6.Deployment Layer Each layer interacts with the others to provide a seamless
flow of data and deliver results to end users (e.g., farmers).

3.0.2 Overview
Weed detection refers to the identification of unwanted plants (weeds) in agricul-
tural fields. Traditional methods of weed management, such as manual weeding
and herbicide spraying, can be labor-intensive, costly, and environmentally harm-
ful. Machine learning (ML) and computer vision have emerged as effective solu-
tions for automating weed detection and improving agricultural productivity in a
sustainable manner.
Machine learning-based weed detection systems use image data* (captured by
drones, cameras, or sensors) to automatically distinguish weeds from crops. Once
trained, these models can classify new images, enabling real-time weed detection
and targeted interventions.
Key Components: 1. Data Collection: Images are captured from the field,
either using drones or cameras, and labeled as crops or weeds. 2. Data Prepro-
cessing: The images are cleaned and augmented to improve model accuracy. 3.
Model Training: A deep learning model is trained on the labeled data to learn
distinguishing features between weeds and crops. 4. Inference: The trained model
classifies new images, identifying and localizing weeds.
Benefits: - Cost-efficient: Reduces the need for manual labor and broad-
spectrum herbicides. - Environmentally Friendly: Minimizes pesticide use, helping
protect biodiversity. - Scalable: Can be applied to large agricultural fields for pre-
cise weed control. Challenges: - Dataset Quality: Requires large, diverse datasets
to train accurate models. - Real-time Processing: Ensuring fast detection for au-
tonomous systems like drones or robots. - Adaptability: The system must work
across different crop types, environments, and weed species.
In summary, weed detection using machine learning offers a powerful tool for
precision farming, enabling more efficient and sustainable agriculture by automat-
ing weed management and reducing chemical use.

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3.0.3 Implementation
1. Setting Up the Environment
pip install tensorflow keras numpy matplotlib libraries for data handling and
visualization, such as ‘PIL‘ for image handling and ‘matplotlib‘ for plotting.

2. Importing Libraries
python import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow.keras im-
port layers, models from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageData-
Generator from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam import matplotlib.pyplot
as plt

3. Data Preprocessing preprocessing the images (resize them, normalize pixel

values, and apply data augmentants

3.0.4 Testing
Saving the Model: Once testing is complete and the model has shown satisfactory
results, you can save the trained model for future use. This allows the model
to be deployed on different systems (e.g., agricultural robots, drones, or smart-
phones) for real-time weed detection. Real-Time Inference: In deployment, the
model can analyze new images (e.g., from drones or ground-based cameras) to

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detect weeds in agricultural fields in real time, helping farmers apply herbicides
or perform weeding tasks more efficiently. Testing your weed detection model is a
critical phase that involves evaluating its generalization ability, identifying areas
for improvement, and refining the system based on its performance. Key steps
in testing include: Model evaluation using accuracy and loss metrics. Analyzing
confusion matrices to identify errors. Calculating precision, recall, and F1-score
to understand performance nuances. Visualizing predictions to detect patterns
of misclassification. Refining the model and deploying it for real-world use once
satisfied with the performance.

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Chapter 4

Realisation/Implementation of
the proposed (name of the
system) system

This chapter should consists of minute details of the design and development of
the project supported by diagrams and design details. Same chapter should also
consists of the testing if any necessary and results taken of any data.

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Chapter 5

Conclusion and Future scope

Should consists of two paragraph one regarding conclusion may from theory point
of view or from experimentation point of view.
Other paragraph should explain any task not completed due to some reasons
and how it can be completed in future or some modifications in the system to
improve the performance.

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Appendix A

Important Terms

To compare quantitatively ..... techniques, following a set of criteria are established

to ...

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Appendix B

Maths

.....

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References

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 Acknowledgement

I have a great pleasure to express my gratitude to all those who have con-
tributed and motivated during my project work. Here you have a liberty to write
anything and express your feeling to all those who have helped you.
...

Date:

Name of Candidate

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