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24 views2 pages

Homework 03

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chiang142536
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Quantum Machine Learning - Fall 2024 semester

Instructor: Renata Wong


Note: This notebook is for internal use only.

Homework 3: Unitary transformations


Issued: November 14, 2024.

Due date: November 28, 2024.

Task 3.1 (3 points): Write down a unitary transformation (possibly consisting of a sequence of gates) that
perfoms an entanglement on a 2-qubit or a 3-qubit state (that is, after the transformation, your quantum
state will be entangled). The entangled state must be different from the Bell state ,
1
(|00⟩ + |11⟩)
√2

which we had in class already. Use your preferred way to specify this transformation: in the matrix notation,
in the Dirac notation, as a quantum circuit. Remember that by default all qubits are in the state |0⟩.

Task 3.2 (3 points): Write the following operators in matrix notation:

a. The phase gate P with an angle ϕ


π
=
2

b. The observable X ⊗ X

c. The observable X ⊗ I ⊗ Z

Task 3.3 (3 points): Consider the unitary operators in Task 3.2. a, b, and c. For each of these three unitary
operators, give an example quantum state that the operator can act on. Pay attention to the dimensionality
of the states and make sure that the proposed state is a valid quantum state. Other than those, you are free
to choose your states as you wish.

Task 3.4 (3 points): Assume your one-qubit quantum system is in the state |+⟩. What operation(s) do you
need to apply to transform your state to:

a. the state |0⟩

b. the state |1⟩

c. the state |i⟩?

Perform the necessary calculations to justify your answers. It may be helpful to visualize the rotations on the
Bloch sphere.

0 −i
Task 3.5 (5 points): Consider the Pauli operator Y given by the matrix [ ]
i 0

a. Is this matrix Hermitian (why yes or why no)?


b. Is this matrix unitary (why yes or why no)?

c. Can this matrix be used for measurement (why yes or why no)?

d. Can this matrix be used for qubit state transformation (why yes or why no)?

e. What state will you obtain when you apply Y to |+⟩ in the computational basis?

Task 3.6 (2 points): In quantum computing, due to unitarity of quantum transformations, the computation is
always reversible. Draw a 2-qubit quantum circuit that does the following:

1. Applies a Hadamard gate to the first qubit.


2. Applies an S gate to the second qubit.
3. Applies a CNOT gate with the second qubit being the control qubit and the first qubit being the target
qubit.
4. Reverses the operations in steps 1-3.

Note: At the beginning, the circuit is in the state |00⟩. Since in step 4, we reverse all operations applied in
steps 1-3, after performing the operations in steps 1-4, the circuit should be back to the state |00⟩.

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