Pakistan Studies LLB Part 1

Q: Write a note on Ideology of Pakistan and Role of Allama

Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Ideology of Pakistan
1. Definition of Pakistan's Ideology

The ideology of Pakistan refers to the guiding principles that led to the creation of Pakistan as an
independent state in 1947. It is based on the concept of creating a separate homeland for Muslims
in the Indian subcontinent where they could live in accordance with Islamic values and cultural
norms, free from Hindu majority influence.

2. Two-Nation Theory

The ideology of Pakistan primarily revolves around the "Two-Nation Theory," which states that
Muslims and Hindus are two distinct nations with their own religious practices, cultural values,
and social norms.

This theory argues that Muslims in the Indian subcontinent are not only a minority but a separate
nation with a distinct identity, justifying the need for a separate homeland.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were key proponents of this
theory.

Allama Muhammad Iqbal and His Role in Pakistan's Ideology

1. Early Life and Education

Born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Iqbal was a philosopher, poet, and politician.

He studied in Europe and obtained a degree in philosophy from Cambridge University, later
pursuing a Ph.D. in Germany.
2. Philosophical Contributions

Iqbal’s philosophy focused on self-realization and empowerment of the Muslim Ummah

(community).

His works encourage Muslims to awaken and reclaim their identity and pride, as exemplified in
his famous poems like Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa.

3. Poet of the East

Known as "Mufakkir-e-Pakistan" (The Thinker of Pakistan) and "Shair-e-Mashriq" (The Poet of

the East), Iqbal's poetry emphasized the revival of Islamic values and the spirit of jihad (struggle)
for self-identity and independence. His poetry deeply inspired Muslims, making him a symbol of
unity and a source of motivation for Muslim identity.

4. Allahabad Address (1930)

During the All-India Muslim League session in Allahabad, Iqbal presented the idea of a separate
Muslim state in northwest India.

He proposed the formation of a Muslim-majority state consisting of Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan,

and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (NWFP at the time).

Allahabad Address 1930 had great importance in the Muslim freedom struggle of subcontinent.
Words of Allahabad Address 1930:

“India is a continent of human groups belonging to different races, speaking different languages
and professing different religions. This behaviour is not at all determined by a common race-
consciousness. Even European democracy can not be applied to India without recognizing the fact
of communal groups. The Muslim demand for the creation of a Muslim India within India is,
therefore perfectly justified. I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh
and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state. Self government within the British Empire, the
formation of a consolidated North- Western Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of
the Muslims at least North-west India”.
5. Key Ideas in Iqbal’s Thought

Khudi (Selfhood): Iqbal emphasized self-respect and individual dignity. He urged Muslims to
embrace their own identity and reject external control or domination.

Unity of the Ummah: Iqbal believed in the unity of Muslims worldwide, promoting the idea of a
Muslim state as part of a broader Muslim unity.

Role of Islam in Politics: Iqbal advocated for Islam to play a central role in political affairs, seeing
it as a unifying and guiding force for Muslims.

Democracy and Freedom: He championed democracy and independence from colonial rule,
encouraging Muslims to strive for self-determination.

6. Influence on Pakistan’s Creation

Iqbal’s idea of Separate nation is very important and crucial point in the history of Pakistan
establishment his idea leads Muslims towards a separate independent homeland. Iqbal’s ideas
directly inspired key leaders like Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and he is often credited as the "Spiritual
Father of Pakistan."

His philosophy laid the groundwork for the struggle for independence, making Pakistan not only
a geographical entity but also a center for Islamic revival.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and His Role in Pakistan's Ideology

1. Early Life and Political Background

Born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, Jinnah was educated in England and later became a
successful lawyer in India.

Originally a member of the Indian National Congress, he worked for Hindu-Muslim unity.
However, he eventually became disillusioned by the Congress's disregard for Muslim rights and
joined the All India Muslim League.
2. Champion of Muslim Rights

Jinnah realized that Muslims in India would never be fairly represented under Congress’s rule,
which primarily represented Hindu interests. He advocated for Muslim political rights and a
separate identity within the Indian political landscape.

He used his legal expertise and leadership to articulate the need for a separate Muslim homeland,
arguing for Muslims as an independent nation.

3. Key Speeches and Statements

Lahore Resolution (1940): Jinnah's leadership in the Lahore session of the Muslim League in 1940
led to the adoption of the "Pakistan Resolution," which demanded a separate state for Muslims.
This event marked a pivotal turn in the movement for Pakistan.

14 Points (1929): These points outlined Jinnah’s demand for Muslim rights, including autonomous
regions for Muslims and safeguards for their political, religious, and cultural rights, laying
groundwork for Pakistan’s ideology.

Direct Action Day (1946): Frustrated by Congress's resistance to Muslim rights, Jinnah called for
Direct Action Day, showcasing Muslims' determination for an independent state and bringing
national attention to the Pakistan movement.

4. Vision for Pakistan

Unity, Faith, and Discipline: Jinnah’s famous motto symbolizes his vision for Pakistan. He believed
that the unity of Muslims, their faith in Islam, and disciplined pursuit of their goals were essential
for the success of Pakistan.

Democracy and Social Justice: Jinnah aspired for Pakistan to be a democratic state, where justice
and equality prevailed in line with Islamic principles.

Religious Freedom: While committed to the creation of an Islamic state, Jinnah advocated religious
freedom and minority rights. In his famous speech on August 11, 1947, he declared that all citizens,
regardless of religion, would have equal rights in Pakistan.
5. Jinnah’s Contributions to Pakistan’s Ideology

Jinnah’s insistence on the Two-Nation Theory as the basis for a separate state for Muslims provided
a concrete, ideological framework that mobilized Muslims across India.

He advocated for Muslims to stand united, aware, and proud of their religious and cultural identity,
which would ultimately culminate in the establishment of Pakistan.

Jinnah’s vision of Pakistan as a modern, progressive Islamic state, where democratic values are
upheld, continues to influence Pakistan’s national identity and political direction.

6. Legacy of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Jinnah is revered as the “Father of the Nation” and “Quaid-e-Azam” (Great Leader) in Pakistan.
His role in creating Pakistan from the idea of a separate Muslim homeland has solidified his place
in history.

His vision of Pakistan as a state rooted in Islamic values, yet open to modernization and inclusivity,
remains central to Pakistan’s national identity and aspirations.