wamebis

akrZalva

ïæïèòïíòì óôäåþïàï
åâîëðóäò êëíâåíúòòì
èå-3 èóõäòì ganxorcieleba

ãçïèêâäåâò

gamocema dafinansebulia
evropis sabWos mier

1
Guide to the Implementation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights
(in Georgian), 2005

This book was published with the financial support of the Council of Europe

winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos

moxseniebuli samarTlebrivi dokumentebis oficialur ganmartebad, romelsac
savaldebulo Zala aqvs wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis, evropis sabWos sawesdebo
organoebisa Tu adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis safuZvelze Seqmnili
nebismieri organosaTvis.

avtori - aisling reidi

Targmani da winasityvaoba – laSa WeliZe, beso boxaSvili, Tamar mamukelaSvili
îåæïáüòîåþï – laSa WeliZe

daibeWda – Sps `petiti~

Targmani qveyndeba evropis sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT da

masze pasuxs agebs mTargmneli

evropis sabWos sainformacio biuro saqarTveloSi

erekle II-s Sesaxvevi 7, Tbilisi, 0105

tel.: 988977/989560; faqsi: 989657
el-fosta: [email protected]
veb-gverdi: www.coe.ge

evropis sabWo, 2005 weli

2
sarCevi

winasityvaoba .......................................................................................................................................... 7
gzamkvlevis daniSnuleba ................................................................................................................................. 8
wamebis akrZalva saerTaSoriso aqtebSi ........................................................................................................ 12
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvencia ................................................ 13
saqme DZEMAJL et al v. YOUGOSLAVIA (CAT 161/00) ................................................................................ 19
saqme G.R.B. v. Sweden ................................................................................................................................ 21
informaciis gavrceleba wamebis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT ................................................................ 22
pozitiuri valdebuleba, romelic iTvaliswinebs patimris sruli izolaciis
Tavidan aridebas ................................................................................................................................................. 23
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti ...................................................................... 24
wamebisa da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis aRkveTis
evropuli konvencia da komiteti ................................................................................................................... 30
damoukidebeli eqspertebi da vizitebi ....................................................................................................... 30
SeuzRudavi daSveba ........................................................................................................................................... 32
wamebis sawinaaRmdego komiteti (CPT) da saqarTvelo ............................................................................. 36
konvenciis Sesavali nawili .............................................................................................................. 47
me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebuli winasityvaoba ............................................................................. 51
me-3 muxlis moqmedebis sfero ............................................................................................................................... 54
De minimis-is wesi ................................................................................................................................................. 54
gansazRvreba ........................................................................................................................................................ 56

3
 wameba ...................................................................................................................................................................... 56
intensiuroba ........................................................................................................................................................ 58
ganzraxva ............................................................................................................................................................... 60
mizanswrafuli ..................................................................................................................................................... 61
Actus reus ............................................................................................................................................................... 61
araadamianuri an damamcirebeli ..................................................................................................................... 64
mopyroba sasjelis winaaRmdeg ........................................................................................................................ 66
me-3 muxli konvenciis konteqstSi ....................................................................................................................... 69
me-3 muxlis cxovrebaSi gamoyeneba ................................................................................................ 73
patimroba ..................................................................................................................................................................... 73
dakaveba da dakiTxva ................................................................................................................................................. 74
patimrobis pirobebi ................................................................................................................................................. 79
patimroba samedicino safuZvelze ....................................................................................................................... 84
patimrobis sxva aspeqtebi ....................................................................................................................................... 88
deportacia ........................................................................................................................................................... 89
gauCinareba ........................................................................................................................................................... 91
diskriminacia ....................................................................................................................................................... 92

me-3 muxliT gansazRvruli pozitiuri valdebulebani ........................................................ 95

me-3 muxliT gansazRvruli proceduruli uflebebi ...................................................................................... 95
Drittwirkung-is efeqti ........................................................................................................................................... 96

reagireba arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebul ganacxadebaze ............................. 100

4
wamebasTan dakavSirebuli pretenziebis gamoZieba ......................................................................................... 101
gamoZiebis arasrulyofilad warmarTva ....................................................................................................... 106

sxva saerTaSoriso standartebi ..................................................................................................... 109

rekomendaciebi .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
CPT-Tan TanamSromloba da misi rekomendaciebis mimoxilva ......................................................................... 110
sasamarTlo samedicino mtkicebuleba ......................................................................................................... 112
samarTaldamcavi organoebis qmedebaTa xasiaTi ........................................................................................ 114
daZabulobisa da konfliqturi situaciebi ................................................................................................. 115
jgufebi, romlebsac safrTxe emuqrebaT ..................................................................................................... 116
gamoZieba da devna ............................................................................................................................................... 116
anazRaureba .......................................................................................................................................................... 117

5
6
winasityvaoba

“sazogadoebrivi aplodismentebis qveS wameba gadasrolil iqna

ayrolebul jurRmulSi, sadac mas mihyva inkvizicia da romel
gzasac sul male gaudgeba sikvdiliT dasja~

viqtor hiugo 1851 w.

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad 1. evropulma konvenciam erT-

TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli erTma pirvelma moaxdina adami-
konvencia warmoadgens erT-erT im anis uflebebze zogadi ide-
umniSvnelovanes saerTaSoriso alebis transformireba konkre-
aqts, romelic icavs adamianis fun- tul samarTlebriv sistemaSi;
damentur uflebebsa da Tavisuf- 2. konvencia samarTlebriv val-
lebebs da amave dros gansazRvravs debulebas akisrebs xelSem-
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis kvrel saxelmwifoebs, Tavian-
uzrunvelyofis efeqtian meqaniz- Ti iurisdiqciebis farglebSi
ms adamianis uflebaTa evropuli uzrunvelyon im uflebaTa da
sasamarTlos saxiT. evropul kon- TavisuflebaTa ganxorciele-
vencias xeli moewera 1950 wlis 4 ba, romlebic warmodgenilia
noembers q. romSi evropis sabWos konvenciaSi;
wevri 15 saxelmwifos mier da Zala- 3. da yvelaze umniSvnelovanesi
Si Sevida 1953 wlis 3 seqtembers. faqtori, rac evropul konven-
Tavis mxriv konvencia gamoirCeva cias gamoarCevs sxva analogiu-
da uprecedentoa ramdenime faq- ri saerTaSoriso aqtebisagan,
toris gamo: aris adamianis uflebebisa da

7
 Tavisuflebebis dacvis meqa- gzamkvlevis daniSnuleba
nizmi, adamianis uflebaTa
winamdebare gzamkvlevis uwi-
evropuli sasamarTlo, rome-
nares daniSnulebas warmoadgens
lic mowodebulia ganixilos
gaacnos qveynis xelisuflebis or-
saxelmwifoTaSoriso da indi-
ganoebis yvela Stos (sakanonmdeb-
vidualuri ganacxadebi kon-
lo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo)
venciiTa da TandarTuli oqme-
warmomadgenlebs adamianis ufle-
biT gansazRvrul uflebaTa da
baTa evropuli sasamarTlos sasa-
TavisuflebebTan mimarTebaSi.
marTlo praqtika, midgomebi da
4. evropuli konvenciis 46-e mux- precedentuli samarTali konven-
lis Sesabamisad saxelmwifoebi ciis me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebiT.
kisruloben samarTlebriv val- saqarTvelos konstituciis
debulebas, raTa aRasrulon ev- me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtisa da "nor-
ropuli sasamarTlos saboloo matiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-
gadawyvetilebebi nebismier los kanonis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad,
saqmeze, romlis mxareebic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas
isini arian. (rogoradac gvevlineba adamianis
saqarTvelom konvencias xeli uflebaTa evropuli konvencia)
moawera 1999 wlis 27 aprils. konven- saqarTvelos samarTlebriv siste-
cia qveynisaTvis ZalaSi Sevida mas maSi konstituciis, konstituciu-
Semdgom, rac saqarTvelos parla- ri kanonebisa da konstituciuri
mentma moaxdina misi ratificireba SeTanxmebis Semdeg gaaCnia upira-
1999 wlis 20 maiss. swored am dRis tesi iuridiuli Zala organul Tu
Semdgom Cadenil darRvevebTan mi- mimdinare kanonebTan mimarTebaSi.
marTebaSi ekisreba saqarTvelos amitomac xelisuflebis organoeb-
saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi pasu- ma aucileblad unda gamoiyenon
ximsgebloba. saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba da
xelSekrulebiT dadgenili stan-

8
dartebi im urTierTobaTa regu- mimarT dakisrebul pozitiur da
lirebisas, romelsac Sida kanon- negatiur valdebulebebs dRevan-
mdebloba ver an arajerovnad are- del realobasTan mimarTebaSi.
gulirebs. magram ismis kiTxvebi: ra strasburgis sasamarTlos prece-
gziT aris SesaZlebeli xsenebuli dentuli samarTali yovelTvis
standartebis dadgena, rogor unda erTnairi ar iyo da verc iqneba
gaxdes CvenTvis cnobili, Tu ra sa- gamomdinare TviT evropuli kon-
xis pozitur Tu negatiur valde- venciis “sicocxlisunarianobis
bulebebs akisrebs konvencia principidan~, anu saxelmwifo
xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs, rogo- xelisuflebis mier ganxorciele-
ria evropuli sazogadoebisa Tu buli qmedebebi da calkeul ufle-
saerTaSoriso uwyebebis, kerZod, bebsa Tu TavisuflebebSi Careva an
evropis sasamarTlos midgoma ama ublebebisa Tu Tavisublebebis
Tu im uflebisa Tu Tavisuflebis SezRudva, rac misaRebi iyo da
ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT? dasaSvebad an SedarebiT mcire
evropuli konvencia xom mxolod xarisxis darRvevad miiCneoda ev-
e.w. "mSral teqsts~ moicavs, rome- ropuli sasamarTlos mier sul ra-
lic mravalnairad SeiZleba aRq- Rac 15-20 wlis win, SesaZloa miuRe-
mul iqnes sxvadasxva xelSemkvre- beli aRmoCndes evropuli sazoga-
li saxelmwifoebis mier?1 swored doebisa da sasamarTlosaTvis
aRniSnuli sakiTxis regulirebaSi dRevandel realobaSi, rasac gana-
asrulebs gadamwyvet rols adami- pirobebs adamianis uflebaTa sul
anis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT- ufro da ufro mzardi standarte-
los mier dadgenili precedentu- bi.2 xsenebulidan gamomdinare au- 1 ix. saqmeze Golder v. the United Kingdom
li samarTali, romelic ganmartavs cilebelia, rom saqarTvelos 1971 wlis 17 ivniss gamotanili gana-
konvenciiT daculi uflebebisa da xelisuflebis organoebis yvela Ceni da saqme Kudla v. Poland 2000 wlis
26 oqtombers gamotanili ganaCeni.
Tavisuflebebis qveteqstsa da mo- Stos warmomadgenlebma jerovnad 2 saqmeze Ireland v. the United Kingdom 1978
qmedebis farglebs, saxelmwifos gaiTvaliswinon da qmedebebis gan- wlis 18 ianvars gamotanili ganaCeni.

9
 xorcielebisas mxedvelobaSi iqo- xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos pasux-
nion strasburgis sasamarTlos ismgeblobis farglebs.
precedentuli samarTlis uaxlesi am kuTxiT garkveuli winsvla da
magaliTebi, raTa Tavidan aviridoT pozitiuri nabijebi aRiniSneba gan-
erovnul doneze gamotanil gadawy- sakuTrebiT saqarTvelos uzenaes
vetilebaTa Seusabamoba evropul sasamarTlosTan mimarTebaSi,
praqtikasTan. romelmac ramdenime saqmeSi gamoi-
TumcaRa garkveuli barierebis yena da daeyrdno adamianis ufle-
arseboba da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba baTa evropul konvencias. konven-
SeiniSneba am sakiTxTan mimarTeba- ciis me-3 muxlTan mimarTebaSi,
Si saqarTveloSi moqmed iuristebs romelic krZalavs wamebas, uze-
Soris, romelTa garkveul nawils naesma sasamarTlom Tavis 2002 wlis
miaCnia, rom xelisuflebis orga- 28 noembris gadawyvetilebaSi
noebi ar arian valdebulni gamoi- alievis saqmeze gaiTvaliswina kon-
yenon an mxedvelobaSi miiRon venciis me-13 muxli da evropuli
strasburgis sasamarTlos prece- sasamarTlos precedentuli sa-
dentuli samarTali, radganac marTliT dadgenili konvenciis
saqarTvelo ganekuTvneba konti- me-3 muxlidan gamomdinare qveynis
nenturi da ara anglosaqsuri, sa- pozitiuri valdebuleba da, miuxe-
marTlis qveynebaTa ricxvs da Si- davad sisxlis samarTlis procesSi
dasamarTlebriv sistemaSi moqmedi arsebuli garkveuli xarvezebisa,
arcerTi normatiuli aqti ar aval- romelic arajerovnad aregulireb-
debulebT maT amis gakeTebas.3 ma- da piris sxva saxelmwifoSi
gram unda gvaxsovdes, rom prece- eqstradiciis proceduras da sasa-
dentuli samarTali ganmartavs, marTlo dacvis veranair garan-
3 konstantine korkelia, "adamianis azustebs da naTels fens evropul tiebs ver aniWebda mas, generaluri
uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis
konvenciaSi mocemul uflebebsa da prokuroris mier alievis ruseTis
gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi”, 2004 wlis
Tebervali, gv.151. Tavisuflebebs, gansazRvravs federaciaSi eqstradiciis gad-

10
awyvetilebis mizanSewonilobisa ropuli sasamarTlodan gamogzavni-
da samarTlianobis sakiTxis ganxil- li 20 ganacxadidan 5 maTgani 4
va dauqvemdebara raionul sasa- swored me-3 muxliT garantirebu-
marTlos. aRniSnuli saqme Seiqmna li uflebebis darRvevas exeba.
erT-erTi winapiroba imisa, rom saqarTveloSi wamebis sayovelTao
analogiur mdgomareobaSi myof akrZalva da arasaTanado praqtikis
sxva pirebs miscemodaT saSualeba, dagmoba erT-erT yvelaze ufro
esargeblaT sasamarTlo uflebiT. prioritetul sakiTxad unda iqces.
winamdebare gzamkvlevis umTa- amitomac Zalzed mniSvnelovania
vres mizans swored aseTi praqtikis qveynis xelisuflebis organoebisa
gaRrmaveba da daxvewa warmoadgens. da warmomadgenlebisaTvis, iseve
samwuxarod, dRevandel realobaSi rogorc advokatebisaTvis adami-
mainc xSirad vxvdebiT SemTxvevebs, anis uflebaTa evropuli konvenci-
rodesac adgili aqvs konvenciis is me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebuli sa-
me-3 muxliT daculi uflebebis marTlis jerovani codna, raTa
darRvevas gansakuTrebiT samar- sakanonmdeblo organom gamocemu-
Taldamcavi organoebisa da sas- li normatiuli aqtebiT, Tu masSi
jelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi. cvlilebebis SetaniT maqsimalu-
amasve mowmobs saerTaSoriso or- rad da efeqtianad uzrunvelyos
ganizaciebisa da arasamTavrobo moqalaqeTa samarTlebrivi dacva
organizaciebis mier gamoqveynebu- arasaTanado mopyrobisagan, aRmas- 4 2005 wlis maisis mdgomareobiT. ab-
li moxsenebebi da kritikuli Se- rulebelma da sasamarTlo orga- sanZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ga-
nacxadi 57861/00); danelia saqarTve-
niSvnebi. SemaSfoTebelia is noebma aRkveTon wamebis, aradaami- los winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 68622/01);
faqtic, rom saqarTvelos iustici- anuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis davTiani saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ga-
is saministrosaTvis strasburgis faqtebi da kanonis mTeli sim- nacxadi 73241/01); Samaevi da 12 sxva
sasamarTloSi Setanil ganac- kacriT dasajon xsenebuli qmede- saqarTvelosa da ruseTis federaci-
is winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 36378/02); be-
xadebTan dakavSirebiT samTavrobo bis Camdeni xelisuflebis warmo- Reluri da 98 sxva saqarTvelos
komentarebis gakeTebis mizniT ev- madgenlebi Tu kerZo pirebi, ad- winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 2849/02).

11
 vokatebma ki maqsimalurad uzrun- velTao deklaracia (me-5 muxli)
velyon arasaTanado mopyrobis • adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis war- konvencia (me-3 muxli)
moCineba da eWvmitanilTa, bralde-
• Jenevis 4 konvencia;
bulTa, gansasjelTa Tu msjavrde-
bulTa dacva me-3 muxlis sawinaaRm- • 1966 wlis samoqalaqo da poli-
dego mopyrobisagan. tikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso
paqtis me-7 muxli, romlis Ta-
wamebis akrZalva naxmadac, "aravin SeiZleba dae-
saerTaSoriso aqtebSi qvemdebaros wamebas an sastik,
araadamianur an damamcirebel
me-2 msoflio omis periodSi Ca- mopyrobas an sasjels~;
denil SemaZrwunebel qmedebaTa
• wamebis da sxva saxis sastiki,
Semdgom saerTaSoriso sazogadoe-
araadamianuri da damamcirebe-
ba da organizaciebi gansakuTrebul
li mopyrobisa da sasjelis sa-
yuradRebas aqcevdnen wamebis,
winaaRmdego gaerTianebuli
araadamianuri an damamcirebeli
erebis organizaciis 1984 wlis
mopyrobis akrZalvas saerTaSoriso
konvencia (CAT);
doneze. msoflio sazogadoebisa-
Tvis imdenad didi iyo wamebis akr- • wamebisa da araadamianur an
Zalvis mniSvneloba, rom igi miC- damamcirebel mopyrobis an sas-
neul iqna saerTaSoriso Cveulebi- jelis akrZalvis 1987 wlis ev-
Ti samarTlis nawilad da iTvleba ropuli konvencia;
jus cogens-ad5. wamebis akrZalvis swored arasaTando mopyrobis
fundamentur mniSvnelobas aseve akrZalvis did mniSvnelobaze sau-
mowmobs is mravali saerTaSoriso brobda lordi Torndoni Tavis gan-
aqti, romlebic gmobs arasaTanado sxvavebul mosazrebaSi saqmeze
5 jus cogens _ CveulebiTi saerTaSori- mopyrobasa da sasjels: Higgs v. Minister of National Security:
so samarTlis savaldebulo normebi. • adamianis uflebaTa sayo-

12
 “aSkaraa, rom nebismier adamians aqvs bunebrivi ufleba ar daeqvemde-
baros araadamianur mopyrobas. ufleba, romelic civilizaciis wiaRi-
dan momdinareobs, ufro aRiarebulia, vidre Seqmnili adamianis ufle-
baTa iseTi saerTaSoriso aqtebiT, rogoricaa adamianis uflebaTa sa-
yovelTao deklaracia, samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebaTa saer-
TaSoriso paqti da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia...~

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wamebis sawinaaRmdego

konvencia
gaerTianebuli erebis organiza- liswinebiT da im konkretuli pire-
ciis wamebisa da sxva saxis sastiki, bis komitetSi monawileobis saWi-
araadamianuri da damamcirebeli roebiT, romlebsac SeuZliaT wvli-
mopyrobisa da sasjelis sawinaaRm- lis Setana komitetis muSaobaSi da
dego konvencia (CAT) miRebul iqna gaaCniaT praqtikuli samarTle-
1984 wlis 10 dekembers da ZalaSi brivi gamocdileba. komitetis
Sevida 1987 wlis 27 ivniss. aRniSnu- wevrTa arCevnebi imarTeba wevr
li konvenciis uzrunvelyofis saxelmwifoTa Sekrebebze, rom-
meqanizmsa da sazedamxedvelo or- lebic imarTeba 2 weliwadSi erT-
ganos warmoadgens wamebis sa- xel da, romelsac iwvevs gaer-
winaaRmdego komiteti, romelic Tianebuli erebis organizaciis
Sedgeba 10 wevrisagan. komitetma generaluri mdivani. aRniSnul
funqcionireba daiwyo 1988 wlis 1 Sexvedrebze, romelsac unda es-
ianvars, anu konvenciis ZalaSi Ses- wrebodes xelSemkvrel saxelmwi-
vlidan 6 Tvis Semdgom. zogadad foTa ori mesamedi imisaTvis, raTa
komiteti ikribeba weliwadSi or- Sedges qvorumi, komitetis wevrebs
jer JenevaSi. komitetis wevrebs irCeven xmaTa umravlesobiT, anu
irCeven wevri saxelmwifoebi ge- yoveli saxelmwifos mier Tavis mo-
ografiuli balansis gaTva- qalaqeTa siidan wardgenil Ti-

13
 Toeul kandidatTagan, romelic igi asaxavs umniSvnelovanes
miiRebs xmaTa umetesobas. faqtebs, romlebic man aRmoaCina da
komitetis wevrebis arCeva xdeba 4 aZlevs rekomendaciebs Sesabamis
wlis vadiT. amasTan, komitetis wevr saxelmwifoebs.
wevrTa naxevaris uflebamosile- komitetisaTvis moxsenebis
bis vada gadis 2 wlis Semdgom. aR- wardgenis proceduris garda, kon-
niSnuli wevrebis vinaoba irkveva vencia adgens kidev sami saxis meqa-
kenWisyris Sedegad maTi pirvelad nizms, romelTa saSualebiTac
arCevisTanave. komiteti axorcielebs masze dakis-
konvenciis xelSemkvreli wevri rebul funqciebs: mokvlevis pro-
saxelmwifoebi moxsenebas waru- cedura, saxelmwifoTaSoris saCi-
dgenen Sesabamisi saxelmwifosa- varTa ganxilva da individualur
Tvis konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlidan ganacxadTa ganxilva.
1 wlis Semdgom. SemdgomSi gaerTianebuli erebis organiza-
komitets moxseneba waredgineba 4 ciis wamebisa da sxva sastiki,
weliwadSi erTxel. komiteti ixi- araadamianuri da damamcirebeli
lavs moxsenebebs da gamoaqvs mopyrobis sawinaaRmdego konven-
daskvnebi, komentarebi, romlebSic ciis 1-li muxlis Tanaxmad:
“konvenciis miznebidan gamomdinare termini "wameba~ niSnavs nebismier
qmedebas, romliTac pirs ganzrax mieyeneba Zlieri tkivili an tanjva,
sulerTia es iqneba fizikuri Tu sulieri xasiaTis, iseTi mizniT, rogo-
ricaa misgan an mesame pirisagan informaciis an aRiarebis mopoveba, misi
dasja im qmedebisaTvis, romelic Caidina man an mesame pirma, an im
mizniT, romelic efuZvneba nebismieri saxis diskriminacias, rodesac
aseTi tkivili an tanjva pirs mieyeneba xelisuflebis organos warmo-
madgenlis an Tanamdebobis piris mier, misi waqezebiT, an misi Tanxmo-
biT an dumiliT gamoxatuli misi TanxmobiT. aRniSnuli ar gulisxmobs
tkivils an tanjvas, romelic Tan sdevs kanonier sanqciebs.~

14
 aRniSnuli gansazRvrebis Tanax- mgrZnobiare adamianma SesaZloa
mad "wameba~ moicavs Zlier tkivil- ganicados gansakuTrebuli tkivi-
sa da tanjvas. mniSvnelovania is li, travma da ziani SedarebiT msu-
faqti, rom xsenebuli tanjva Sesa- buqi xasiaTis qmedebis Sedegad.
Zloa iyos rogorc fizikuri, aseve sainteresoa, aris Tu ara SesaZle-
sulieri. saerTaSoriso saze- beli wamebis dadgena?
damxedvelo organoebis praqtiki- gaerTianebuli erebis organiza-
dan gamomdinare naTelia, rom wame- ciis farglebSi miRebuli wamebis
bis dadgenisaTvis saWiro zRvari sawinaaRmdego konvenciis 1-li mux-
Zalian maRalia da xsenebuli orga- lis Tanaxmad, wameba ganxorciele-
noebi gasaCivrebul qmedebas wame- bul unda iqnes ganzraxi qmedebiT.
bis kvalifikacias aniWeben im magram aqve Cndeba kiTxva: xsenebu-
SemTxvevebSi, rodesac arsebobs li “gazraxva~ ukavSirdeba da
utyuari mtkicebulebebi Cadenili gulisxmobs ganzraxvas tkivili da
qmedebis gansakuTrebul sisas- tanjva miadges pirs, Tu ukavSir-
tikesTan da am qmedebis Sedegad deba da gulisxmobs TviT qmedebis
miyenebul zianTan dakavSirebiT. ganxorcielebis ganzraxvas?
TumcaRa, ibadeba kiTxva: aris Tu rogorc gansazRvrebidan xdeba
ara gaerTianebuli erebis organiza- naTeli radganac CAT-is 1-li mux-
ciis wamebis sawinaaRmdego konven- li orjer miuTiTebs “tkivilsa da
ciis 1-el muxlSi subieqturi ele- tanjvaze~ xsenebuli ganzraxva
mentebis Warbi arseboba? ase maga- gulisxmobs tkivilisa da tanjvis
liTad, zogierT adamians gaaCnia miyenebas, an sul mcire danaSaule-
calkeuli qmedebis Sedegad mi- briv gulgrilobas tkivilis an tan-
yenebuli tkivilis Tmenis momete- jvis miyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.
buli SesaZlebloba, unda gamoi- aqedan gamomdinare, “gaufrTxile-
ricxos Tu ara aRniSnul SemTxveva- blad~ tkivilis an tanjvis miyeneba,
Si wamebis arseboba? gansakuTrebiT romelic moralurad ise gasakicxi

15
 ar aris rogorc igive qmedebis "sxva araferi iqneboda, Tu ara
ganzrax ganxorcieleba, ar war- garkveuli xerxi, rac daexmareboda
moadgens wamebas.6 amasTanave qmede- saxelmwifoebs Tavi aeridebinaT
bebi, romlebic ar iwvevs Zlier konvenciis debulebebis zedmi-
tkivilsa da tanjvas normalur, wevniTi SesrulebisaTvis~ da Seus-
Cveulebriv adamianSi, zogadad ar abamo iqneboda gaerTianebuli ere-
xvdeba konvenciis 1-li muxliT gan- bis organizaciis wamebis sawinaaRm-
sazRvrul farglebSi. aseT dego konvenciis obieqtsa da mizan-
SemTxvevebSi wamebisaTvis saWiro Tan.7 amitomac, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
da aucilebeli ganzraxva ar iarse- saxezea sxva saWiro elementebi,
bebs garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac rogorc moqmedebis Sedegad ganxor-
qmedebis ganmaxorcielebelma pir- cielebuli aqti, aseve umoqmedoba
ma Tavidanve uwyoda piris gan- sakmarisia, raTa qmedeba dakvali-
sakuTrebuli sisusteebisa da ficirebul iqnes wamebad. praqtika-
daucvelobis Sesaxeb. Si adamianis uflebaTa komitetma
Zalian sainteresoa, is sakiTxi ramdenjerme daadgina, rom umoqme-
SesaZlebelia Tu ara wamebis gan- dobis Sedegad adgili hqonda samo-
xorcieleba umoqmedobiT. magali- qalaqo da politikur uflebaTa
Tad, CaiTvleba Tu ara wamebad paqtis me-7 muxlis darRvevas (ma-
sakvebis an samedicino daniSnule- gram aq gasaTvaliswinebelia is faq-
bis preparatebis ganzrax ar micema ti, rom me-7 muxli mxolod wamebas
Sesabamisi pirisaTvis? aRniSnul ar moicavs, aramed gulisxmobs ara-
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi saTanado mopyrobis SedarebiT
6 ix. J. Herman Burgers and H. Danelius, The azri gamoxata cnobilma iuristma msubuq formebs, rogoricaa araada-
United Nations Convention Against Torture boulesbaam, romlis mtkicebiTac, mianuri da damamcirebeli mopyroba).
(Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1988), gv. 118. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki wamebis sa- wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvenci-
7 ix. A. Boulesbaa, The UN Convention on
Torture and the Prospects for Enforcement winaaRmdego konvenciis 1-li muxli is 1-li muxlis Tanaxmad, wameba gan-
(Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1999), gv. 15. ar gavrceldeboda umoqmedobaze, xorcielebuli unda iqnes garkveu-

16
li mizniT. miuxedavad im faqtisa, la maRal safexurze mdgomi sazoga-
rom TviT gansazRvreba moicavs ram- doebrivi aucileblobiT da fors-
denime mizans, aRniSnuli CamonaTva- maJoruli situaciiT. TviT savarau-
li amomwuravi ar aris. aRniSnul sa- do msxverplis janmrTelobis sa-
kiTxTan dakavSirebiTac Cndeba sargeblod ganxorcielebuli qmede-
garkveuli kiTxvebi, magaliTad war- ba ar SeiZleba miCneul iqnes wamebad.
moadgens Tu ara wamebas sadistis aseT magaliTs warmoadgens iseTi
mier SemTxveviTi msxverplis mimarT SemTxveva, rogoricaa pirisaTvis
ganxorcilebuli qmedeba TviTdak- gadaudebeli aucileblobis piro-
mayofilebis mizniT? analogiur sa- bebSi narkozis gareSe amputaciis
kiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT unda Catareba misi sicocxlis SenarCune-
aRiniSnos, rom nebismieri boroti bis miznebidan gamomdinare.
ganzraxva moxvdeba konvenciis 1-li wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvencia
muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi. Tum- ganmartavs, rom tkivili da tanjva
caRa, es ukanaskneli ar gamoricxavs miyenebul unda iqnes sajaro moxe-
imis SesaZleblobas, rom keTili lis an xelisuflebis organos war-
miznebisaTvis Cadenili qmedeba ar momadgenlis mier, misi waqezebiT,
iyos wameba. ufro metic, wamebis Ca- an misi TanxmobiT, an dumiliT
dena xSirad xorcieldeba iseTi gamoxatuli misi TanxmobiT. wame-
miznebidan gamomdinare, rogoricaa bis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis me-16
danaSaulis gaxsna an misi Tavidan muxli ki afarToebs saxelmwifoe-
arideba.8 magram isev da isev unda bis negatiur valdebulebas sastik,
gvaxsovdes, rom saerTaSoriso araadamianur da damamcirebel
sazogadoebis mier TiToeuli adami- qmedebebTan mimarTebaSi. meores
anis ufleba ar daeqvemdebaros wame- mxriv, samoqalaqo da politikuri 8 wamebis akrZlvis sawinaaRmdego da
bas aRiarebulia rogorc absolutu- uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-7 mux- dasjis Sesaxeb amerikaTaSorisi kon-
venciis me-2 muxlis Tanaxmad, wameba
ri ufleba da masSi Careva ar SeiZle- li ar moicavs moTxovnas imasTan
SesaZlebelia Cadenil iqnes nebi-
ba gamarTlebuli iyos Tundac yve- dakavSirebiT, rom arasaTanado smieri miznisaTvis.

17
 mopyrobis ganxorcielebaSi auci- bebs aseT qmedebaTa aRmosafxvrelad.
leblad gareuli unda iyos sajaro iseve rogorc adamianis ufleba-
moxele an xelisuflebis warmo- Ta konvenciis me-3 muxli, wamebis saw-
madgeneli. zemoxsenebuli sakmaod inaaRmdego konvencia da samoqalaqo
naTlad gamomdinareobs konvenci- da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSo-
is 1-li da me-16 muxlebidan, magram riso paqtis me-7 muxli, garda nega-
garkveul kiTxvebs wamoWris termi- tiuri valdebulebisa, romelic
ni "dumiliT gamoxatuli Tanxmoba~. saxelmwifoebs da misi xelisufleb-
adgili eqneba Tu ara dumiliT is warmomadgenlebs ukrZalavs wame-
gamoxatul Tanxmobas, Tuki bis, sastiki da araadamianuri da
saxelmwifoSi moqmedi kanonmde- damamcirebeli mopyrobisa da sasje-
bloba ar krZalavs wamebas? war- lis ganxorcielebas, mravali saxis
moadgens Tu ara dumiliT pozitiur valdebulebebs akisreben
gamoxatul Tanxmobas wamebis akr- konvenciis xelSemkvrel wevr
Zalvis arajerovani ganxorciele- saxelmwifoebs. wamebis sawinaaRmde-
ba?9 sajaro moxelis 1-el muxlSi go konvencia da paqtis me-7 muxli
moxseniebiT da am kriteriumis moiazreben iseTi saxis pozitiur
dawesebis mizans warmoadgens, ar valdebulebebsac, romlebic evrop-
daakisros saxelmwifo valdebule- uli konvenciis me-3 muxlTan dakav-
ba im qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT, Sirebul precedentul samarTalSi
romlebic ganxorcielebul iqna jerjerobiT ar Segvxvedria.
9 ix. Boulesbaa, terminis amerikuli gage-
misi kontrolis miRma. TumcaRa, qvemoT mocemuli saqmeebi
bis Tanaxmad, dumiliT gamoxatuli
Tanxmoba moiTxovs sajaro moxeles, saxelmwifoebs daekisrebaT pasu- garkveul warmodgenas Seuqmnis
romelmac wamebis aqtis ganxorciele- xismgebloba kerZo pirebis mier mkiTxvels wamebis sawinaaRmdego
bamde uwyis aseTi qmedebis ganxor- ganxorcielebul wamebasTan mima- komitetis iurisprudenciidan im
cielebis Sesaxeb da arRvevs Tavis
rTebaSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki isini saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic
samarTlebriv valdebulebas, romlis
Tanaxmadac igi unda Caerios da aRkve- jerovnad ar pasuxoben aseT qmede- exeba saxelmwifos mier swored du-
Tos aseTi qmedeba. bebs da ar atareben saWiro RonisZie- miliT Tanxmobis gamoxatvis sakiTxs.

18
saqme DZEMAJL et al v. YOUGOSLAVIA (CAT 161/00)
aRniSnul saqmeSi momCivani iyo bam didi vnebaTaRelva gamoiwvia
65 adamiani, romlebic boSuri war- montenegrul umciresobaTa warmo-
moSobisani gaxldnen da iTvlebod- madgenlebSi, romlebic mravlad
nen iugoslaviis federaciuli re- cxovrobdnen aRniSnul adgilebSi.
spublikis moqalaqeebad. policiis warmomadgenlebi mivid-
1995 wlis 14 aprils danilov- nen boSaTa dasaxlebaSi da ramden-
gradis policiis ganyofilebam mii- jerme gaafrTxiles boSebi, dae-
Ro Setyobineba imasTan dakavSire- tovebinaT sacxovrebeli adgilebi,
biT, rom boSuri warmoSobis ara- radganac montenegruli umcireso-
srulwlovanma axalgazrdebma bis warmomadgenlebi apirebdnen
gaaupatiures montenegruli um- maT darbevas.
ciresobis warmomadgeneli qaliS- boSebis garkveulma raodenobam
vili. aRniSnuli informaciis miRe- miatova dasaxleba, TumcaRa nawil-
bis Semdgom policia Sevida boSe- ma uari Tqva binebis mitovebaze. in-
bis dasaxlebaSi bozova glavicaSi cidentis meore dRes dasaxlebaze
da daapatimra yvela axlagazrda ma- daiwyo Sturmi, montenegruli um-
makaci, romlebic iq imyofebodnen. ciresobis warmomadgenelTa mier.
mas Semdeg, rac orma boSa arasrul- SturmSi monawile pirebma
wlovanma aRiara Cadenili qmedeba, Caamtvries saxlebis fanjrebi,
dapatimrebuli boSebi gaTavisuf- cecxli waukides Tivis zvinebs da
lebul iqnen (ra Tqma unda, im ori saqonlis sadgomebs, Camtvreuli
piris garda, romlebmac aRiares fanjrebidan saxlebSi agdebdnen
danaSaulis Cadena), TumcaRa winaswar momzadebul e.w. moloto-
policiis warmomadgenlebma maT vis koqteilebs. darbeva da sruli
urCies sacxovrebeli adgilisa da ganukiTxaoba mimdinareobda ram-
mimdebare teritoriis datoveba, denime saaTis ganmavlobaSi.
radganac qaliSvilis gaupatiure- aRniSnul movlenebs Tvals

19
 adevnebdnen policielebi, romleb- dRis Semdgom boSaTa dasaxleba
sac aranairi saxis qmedebebi ar saerTod aRgvil iqna sayofacxovre-
ganuxorcielebiaT im mizniT, rom bo samsaxurebis kuTvnili mZime te-
Tavidan aecilebinaT an SeeCere- qnikis saSualebiT.
binaT darbeva. isini mxolod momCivnebi acxadebdnen, rom iu-
moSorebuli manZilidan akvirde- goslaviis xelisuflebis warmo-
bodnen mimdinare movlenebs da madgenlebma daarRvies wamebis saw-
atyobinebdnen zemdgom oficrebs. inaaRmdego konvenciis 1-li da
darbevis Sedegad daiwva an mi- me-16 muxlebi. momCivnebi miu-
wasTan iqna gasworebuli boSebis TiTebdnen boSaTa gansakuTrebul
dasaxleba, sacxovrebeli saxlebi, daucvelobasa da ususurobaze da
Sinauri cxovelebis sadgomebi da acxadebdnen, rom zemoxsenebuli
damxmare saTavsoebi. rogorc zemoT qmedebebi warmoadgenda "damam-
iqna aRniSnuli, policias ar miuRia cirebel an araadamianur mopyro-
raime saxis zomebi raTa Caeqro xan- bas~ da motivirebuli iyo rasobrivi
Zari an SeeCerebina mimdinare mov- siZulviliT. momCivnebi uTiTe-
lenebi, TumcaRa policiis warmo- bdnen amerikaTaSoriso sasamarT-
madgenlebma gulmodgined izrunes los mier gamotanil gadawyvetile-
imaze, rom cecxli ar gadasuliyo im baze saqmeze Velasquez Rodriguez v.
axlomdebare saxlebze, romlebic Honduras, romelSic sasamarTlom
ar ekuTvnodaT boSebs. ramdenime ganacxada:
“arakanonierma qmedebam, romelic arRvevs adamianis uflebebs da misi
Cadena Tavdapirvel etapze ar SeiZleba bralad SeeracxoT saxelmwi-
fos warmomadgenlebs (magaliTad imitom, rom qmedeba ganxorciele-
bul iqna kerZo piris an pirebis mier an imitom rom ver iqna gamoaSka-
ravebuli qmedebis Camdeni piri), SesaZloa warmoSvas saxelmwifos pa-
suxismgebloba ara TviT Cadenili qmedebebis gamo, aramed imitom, rom
saxelmwifoebma ar gamoiCines saTanado mzrunveloba (due diligence),

20
 raTa aRkveTiliyo darRveva an saTanado pasuxi yofiliyo gacemuli,
rogorc amas moiTxovs konvencia.~
msgavsi midgoma gamoamJRavna waukides cecxli, daiwyes maTi dan-
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma greva, Zaladobas safuZvlad edo
sasamarTlom saqmeze Osman v. the rasobrivi siZulvili da yovelive
United kingdom. amas emateboda msxverplTa
ganixila ra boSaTa umciresobis daucveloba da ususuroba. ufro
warmomadgenelTa saCivrebi wame- metic, saxelmwifos xelisuflebis
bis sawinaaRmdego komitetma daad- organos (policiis) warmomadgen-
gina, rom saCivarSi moxsenebuli lebma, romlebmac winaswar uwyod-
faqtebidan gamomdinare saxlebis nen mosalodneli Zaladobis Se-
dawva da dangreva warmoadgens sas- saxeb da eswrebodnen kidevac Za-
tik, araadamianur an damamcirebel ladobis ganxorcielebas, ar ga-
mopyrobas an sasjels. xsenebuli dadges raime qmediTi nabiji, raTa
qmedebis damamZimebel mxares war- daecvaT momCivnebi da amiT maT du-
moadgens is faqti, rom zogierTi miliTa da umoqmedobiT gamoxates
momCivani jer kidev imaleboda TavianTi Tanxmoba ganxorciele-
dasaxlebaSi, rodesac saxlebs bul ZaladobasTan mimarTebaSi.

saqme G.R.B. v. Sweden

aRniSnuli ganacxadis avtori portacia im saxelmwifoSi, sadac
amtkicebda, rom peruSi maTi dageg- igi SesaZlebelia daeqvemdebaros
mili gaZeveba gamoiwvevda gaer- wamebas. ganmcxadeblebi acxa-
Tianebuli erebis organizaciis debdnen, rom peruSi maTi dab-
wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis runebis SemTxvevaSi maT emuqrebo-
me-3 muxlis darRvevas, romlis Ta- daT gardauvali safrTxe teroris-
naxmadac akrZalulia piris de- tuli jgufis "manaTobeli bilikis~

21
 (Sendero Luminoso) wevrebisagan. aR- momdinareobs sxva qveynis xelisu-
niSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mo- flebis organoebis warmomadgen-
pasuxe mTavrobam ganacxada, rom lebisagan, magram winamdebare
teroristuli jgufis mier ganxor- saqmeSi Tundac arsebobdes tero-
cielebul qmedebebTan mimarTeba- ristuli jgufis mier ganmcxade-
Si ar SeiZleba brali waeyenos perus belTa devnis safrTxe, maT SeuZli-
xelisuflebis organoebs. miuxeda- aT imoZraon perus SigniT terito-
vad am faqtisa SvedeTis mTavrobam riebze da maT usafrTxoebaze pa-
aRniSna, rom marTalia igi aRiarebs, suxismgebloba unda dakisreboda
rom calkeul SemTxvevebSi Tav- adgilobriv xelisuflebas.
Sesafris miRebis ufleba unda war- wamebis sawinaaRmdego komiteti
moiSobodes im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu daeTanxma mopasuxe mTavrobis
arasaTanado mopyrobis safrTxe ar mosazrebas da ganacxada, rom
“is sakiTxi, akisria Tu ara xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos valdebuleba
Tavi Seikavos im piris gaZevebisagan, romelsac SesaZloa emuqrebodes
arasamTavrobo gaerTianebis mier tkivilis an tanjvis miyenebis sa-
frTxe xelisuflebis organos mier dumiliT gamoxatuli Tanxmobis
gareSe, ar xvdeba gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wamebis
sawinaaRmdego konvenciis me-3 muxlis moqmedebis farglebSi.~

informaciis gavrceleba wamebis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT

erT-erTi damatebiTi pozitiuri informaciis gavrcelebis valde-
valdebuleba, romelic samoqalaqo buleba, romelic akisriaT xelisuf-
da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSo- lebis organoebis warmomadgenlebs.
riso paqtis me-7 muxlSi moiazreba da adamianis uflebaTa komitetis me-20
Taviseburebas warmoadgens, aris zogadi moxsenebis Tanaxmad,
wamebis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebuli komiteti informirebuli unda iyos

22
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor an dakavebas, winaswar patimrobas an
avrceleben saxelmwifo mxareebi patimrobas, unda CautardeT Sesa-
mosaxleobis farTo masebSi Sesabamis bamisi treningebi. saxelmwifo
informacias, romelic dakavSire- mxareebma unda Seatyobinon
bulia wamebisa da saerTaSoriso komitets, Tu ra instruqciebi Tu
paqtis me-7 muxliT dagmobili sxva treningebi iqna gamocemuli an ganx-
qmedebebis akrZalvasTan. sas- orcielebuli imisaTvis, raTa me-7
jelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis muxliT dagmobili qmedebebis akrZa-
piradi Semadgenloba, samedicino lva mtkiced da ganuxrelad iqnes
personali, policiis oficrebi da daculi aseTi pirebis mier. analo-
nebismieri sxva piri, romelsac Sexe- giur pozitiur valdebulebas
ba aqvs sapyrobileebTan an cixesTan, iTvaliswinebs aseve gaerTianebuli
an im adamianebTan mimarTebaSi gan- erebis organizaciis wamebis sa-
xorcielebul qmedebebTan, rom- winaaRmdego konvenciis me-10 muxli.
lebic raime formiT eqvemdebarebi-

pozitiuri valdebuleba, romelic iTvaliswinebs patimris

sruli izolaciis Tavidan aridebas
zogadi moxsenebis me-11 punqt- vanili saerTaSoriso paqtis me-7
Si, adamianis uflebaTa komitetma muxliT da gaerTianebuli erebis
ganacxada, rom dakavebuli an dapa- organizaciis wamebis sawinaaRmde-
timrebuli piris srul izolaciaSi go konvenciis 1-li muxliT akrZa-
moTavseba, rodesac mas saSualeba luli arasaTanado mopyroba. ada-
ar aqvs Sexvdes Tavis advokats, mianis uflebaTa evropuli konven-
misi qveynis sakonsulos warmo- ciis me-3 muxlic krZalavs patimris
madgenels, ojaxis wevrebs, samedi- srul izolacias, magram im gan-
cino personals, unda iqnes akrZa- sxvavebiT, rom strasburgis sasa-
luli, raTa minimumamde iqnes day- marTlos precedentuli samarTlis

23
 Tanaxmad, romelic dakavSirebulia moiwvia mis fizikur da sulier jan-
konvenciis me-3 muxlTan, igmoba mrTelobaSi. saerTaSoriso paqtis
mxolod da mxolod Sesabamisi piris me-7 muxli da gaerTianebuli erebis
srul izolaciaSi moTavseba xan- organizaciis konvencia ki am valde-
grZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, rode- bulebas iTvaliswinebs im motiviT,
sac pirs ar aqvs raime socialuri rom minimumamde iqnes dayvanili
kontaqti gare samyarosTan da ramac piris mimarT arasaTanado mopyrobis
mniSvnelovani negatiuri Sedegi ga- ganxorcielebis safrTxe.

samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti

samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me-7 muxlis
Tanaxmad,
“aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros wamebas an sastik, araadamianur an
damamcirebel mopyrobas an sasjels. kerZod aravin SeiZleba daeqvem-
debaros misi Tanxmobis gareSe samedicino an samecniero gamokvle-
vebs misi Tanxmobis gareSe.~
saerTaSoriso paqti ar moicavs uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos
me-7 muxliT moculi terminebis sasamarTlo praqtikisagan, romel-
ganmartebas. terminTa ganmarteba Sic strasburgis sasamarTlo me-3
ar gvxvdeba arc saerTaSoriso muxlTan dakavSirebul yovel kon-
paqtis sazedamxedvelo organos, kretul SemTxvevaSi ganmartavs, Tu
adamianis uflebaTa komitetis, me-3 muxliT daculi romeli de-
iurisprudenciaSi. gansxvavebebi bulebis darRvevas hqonda adgili.
terminebs Soris damokidebulia adamianis uflebaTa komiteti ki
gamoyenebuli qmedebis xasiaTze, mxolod zogadad aRniSnavs da afiq-
mizansa da siZliereze. aRniSnuli sirebs me-7 muxlis darRvevas da ar
mkveTrad gansxvavdeba adamianis uTiTebs xsenebuli muxliT mocu-

24
li romeli konkretuli debulebis gaakeTa zogadi gancxadeba saerTa-
darRvevas hqonda adgili calkeul Soriso paqtis me-7 muxliT akrZa-
SemTxvevaSi. zogad moxsenebaSi lul qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT:
adamianis uflebaTa komitetma
“samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me-7 mux-
lis debulebaTa mizans warmoadgens dacva rogorc individis Rirse-
bisa, aseve misi fizikuri da sulieri xelSeuxeblobisa. saxelmwifos
movaleobas warmoadgens, uzrunvelyos yoveli piris dacva sakanon-
mdeblo da sxva RonisZiebaTa saSualebiT, romlebic SesaZloa auci-
lebeli iyos me-7 muxliT akrZaluli im qmedebebis aRmosafxvrelad
da sawinaaRmdegod, romlebic ganxorcielbul iqna rogorc Tanamde-
bobis pirebis mier, aseve im pirebis mier, romlebic ar asruleben Ta-
namdebobriv movaleobebs da aseve kerZo pirebis mier. me-7 muxliT
dadgenili akrZalva aseve gamyarebulia paqtis me-10 muxlSi warmodge-
nili pozitiuri moTxovnebiT, romelTa Tanaxmadac ,"yvela pirs, visac
aRkveTili aqvs Tavisufleba, unda moepyran adamianurad da adamia-
nisaTvis Sesaferisi RirsebiT~.
adamianis uflebaTa zogadi mox- Sna, rom dauSvebelia me-7 muxlis de-
senebis Tanaxmad, me-7 muxli ar uS- bulebaTa darRvevis gamarTleba
vebs raime saxis gamonakliss arc iseTi mizeziTac ki, rogoric aris
erT SemTxvevaSi. komitetis mier zemdgomi Tanamdebobis piris an
gakeTebuli gancxadebis Tanaxmad, xelisuflebis organos warmo-
iseT situaciebSic ki, rogoricaa sa- madgenlis mier miRebuli brZaneba.
gangebo mdgomareoba an saomari mo- analogiuri debulebebi gvxvde-
qmedebebi aranairi saxis gadaxveva ar ba wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaerTiane-
aris nebadarTuli me-7 muxlis de- buli erebis organizaciis konvenci-
bulebebidan. komitetma aseve aRni- is me-2 muxlSic, romlis Tanaxmadac:

25
 “aranairi saxis gamonaklisi garemoebebi, Tundac es iyos saomari mdgo-
mareoba an omis saSiSroeba, Sida politikuri arastabiluroba an ne-
bismieri sxva saxis sagangebo mdgomareoba, SeiZleba iqnes moyvanili
wamebis gasamarTleblad.~
zemoxsenebulidan naTlad Cans, Tavidan iqna acilebuli daaxloe-
rom aranairi saxis proporciu- biT 90-mde teroristuli aqti, ris
lobaze ar SeiZleba vilaparakoT, Sedegadac gadarCenil iqna uamravi
rodesac vsaubrobT paqtis me-7 udanaSaulo adamianis sicocxle.10
muxlze da wamebis sawinaaRmdego miuxedavad xsenebuli statisti-
konvenciaze. magram msoflio praq- kisa da israelis mTavrobis mier
tikaSi gvxvdeba iseTi praqtika, wardgenili argumentaciisa, wame-
romelic araTu daSvebulia bis sawinaaRmdego komitetma mainc
saxelmwifoSi, aramed sakanonmde- daakvalificira zogierTi da-
blo donezec ki aris gamarTlebu- kiTxvis meTodi, rogorc wameba da
li konkretul SemTxvevebSi. maga- araadamianuri da damamcirebeli
liTad, israelSi kanonmdebloba mopyroba.11 dakiTxvis meTodebi
nebas rTavs xelisuflebis warmo- miCneul iqna wamebad miuxedavad
madgenlebs gamoiyenon "Taname- imisa, rom isini mimarTuli iyo
drove fizikuri da fsiqologiuri mosaxleobis dasacavad sasikvdilo
zewola~ terorizmSi eWvmitanilTa teroristuli aqtebisagan. wamebis
dakiTxvis procesSi. 1997 wels is- sawinaaRmdego komitetis ganc-
raelma ganacxada, rom xsenebuli xadebis Tanaxmad:
10 ix. israelis me-2 perioduli mox- meTodebis gamoyenebis Sedegad
seneba, romelic waredgina wamebis
sawinaaRmdego komitets, CAT/C/33/add. “komiteti aRiarebs da iTvaliswinebs im saSinel dilemas, romelsac
2/Rev.1. punqtebi 2-3 da 24. israeli awydeba teroristuli aqtebis saSiSroebasTan dakavSirebiT,
11 wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis magram rogorc konvenciis xelSemkvrel saxelmwifo mxares, israels
daskvniTi komentarebi israelTan mi-
marTebaSi, 1997 w.
ar SeuZlia komitetis winaSe Tavi imarTlos gansakuTrebuli gare-

26
 moebebiT da ganacxados, rom es garemoebebi amarTlebs konvenciis
1-li muxliT akrZalul qmedebebs. aRniSnuli erTmniSvnelovnad da
naTlad aris dagmobili konvenciis me-2 muxliT~.12
rac ar unda samwuxaro iyos da- blebi Ciodnen, rom isini daeqvem-
kiTxvis iseTi meTodebi, romelTa debarnen wamebasa da araadamianur
kombinaciac adamianis uflebaTa mopyrobas, maT Soris sastik cemas,
komitetisa da wamebis sawinaaRmde- fizikur da moralur zewolas,
go komitetis azriT warmoadgenen romelmac b-n domuxovskis
wamebas ara mxolod sxva qveynebSi, SemTxvevaSi gamoiwvia kantuzia,
aramed saqarTveloSic mravlad b-n wiklauris SemTxvevaSi _ kan-
gvxvdeba. TumcaRa, israelis ma- tuzia, Zvlebis motexiloba, mrava-
galiTisagan gansxvavebiT aRniSnu- li Wrilobebi da damwvrobiTi xasi-
li meTodebis gamoyeneba erTmniS- aTis iarebi, b-n gelbaxianis
vnelovnad aris akrZaluli rogorc SemTxvevaSi _ Sramebi, xolo b-n
saqarTvelos konstituciiT, aseve dokvaZis SemTxvevaSi ganxorciele-
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kanon- buli qmedebebi moicavda rogorc
mdeblobiT. miuxedavad aRniSnuli- wamebas, aseve muqarebs misi ojaxis
sa, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg adami- mimarT. saqarTvelos mTavrobam ver
anis uflebaTa komitetis winaSe warudgina adamianis uflebaTa
wardgenili pirvelive ganacxadi komitets raime saxis damajerebeli
Domukovsky et al v. Georgia, romelic argumentacia, romelic gaaqar-
12 sxvaTa Soris, TviT israelis uzenaes-
komitetma arsebiT ganxilvaze wylebda ganmcxadeblebis mier ma sasamarTlom, romelic gvevlineba
dauSva da ganixila, umTavresad wardgenil faqtebs. Sesabamisad marTlmsajulebis umaRles organod
swored exeboda samoqalaqo da "xsenebul garemoebebSi adamianis israelSi, saqmeze The Public Committeee
politikur uflebaTa saerTaSori- uflebaTa komitetma CaTvala, rom Against Torture in Israel v. The
Government of Israel gamoitana gadawy-
so paqtis me-7 muxlis darRvevas ganmcxadeblebis mier komitetis vetileba, rom terorizmSi eWvmitanil-
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mxridan. winaSe wardgenili faqtebidan Ta mopyrobis meTodebi arakon-
aRniSnul ganacxadSi ganmcxade- gamomdinare, ganmcxadeblebi dae- stituciuri iyo 1999 wlis 6 seqtembers.

27
 qvemdebarnen wamebasa da sastik da praqtikaSi Zalin mwiria analogiur
araadamianur mopyrobas, romelic sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli
arRvevs saerTaSoriso paqtis me-7 gadawyvetilebebi. ufro metic,
muxlsa da me-10 muxlis 1-el punqts.~ strasburgis sasamarTlos ar aqvs
samoqalaqo da politikur ufle- gamotanili arc erTi seriozuli
baTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me-7 mux- gadawyvetileba adamianTan mima-
lis savaraudo darRvevasTan dakav- rTebaSi samedicino eqsperimentis
Sirebul ganacxadebTan mimarTeba- ganxorcielebis an samedicino
Si adamianis uflebaTa komiteti CarevasTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac
analogiur midgomebs axorcielebs, es aucilebeli ar aris piris jan-
rogorc es xdeba strasburgis sasa- mrTelobisaTvis da misi Tanxmobis
marTlos mier adamianis uflebaTa gareSe iqna ganxorcielebuli. ami-
evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis tomac Zalian sainteresoa adamianis
savaraudo darRvevebTan dakav- uflebaTa komitetis mier gamo-
Sirebul ganacxadebTan mimarTeba- mJRavnebuli midgomebi aRniSnul
Si, magram vfiqrobT, rom Zalian sain- sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
teresoa adamianis uflebaTa me-7 muxlis damabolovebeli de-
komitetis mier ganxiluli ganac- bulebis gansazRvris mizans war-
xadebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba saer- moadgenda pasuxis gacema im sa-
TaSoriso paqtis me-7 muxlis dam- Sinelebebze, rasac Cadiodnen ger-
abolovebeli debulebis _ "aravin maneli nacisti eqimebi sakoncen-
SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros misi Tanx- tracio banakebSi me-2 msoflio omis
mobis gareSe samedicino an samecni- dros.13 adamianis uflebaTa komite-
ero gamokvlevebs~ _ savaraudo tis mier me-20 zogad moxsenebaSi
darRvevas. adamianis uflebaTa ev- asaxuli ganmartebis Tanaxmad:
ropuli sasamarTlos sasamarTlo
13 ix. Manfred Nowak, International Covenant “me-7 muxli naTlad krZalavs samedicino da samecniero eqsperimen-
on Civil and Political Rights, 1993 w. tebs Sesabamisi piris Tanxmobis gareSe. komiteti aRniSnavs, rom gan-

28
 sakuTrebuli dacva unda arsebobdes aseTi eqsperimentebisagan im
pirebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebsac ar SeuZliaT Tavisi nebiT gamoxaton
Tanxmoba da, gansakuTrebiT, im pirebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic im-
yofebian raime formiT patimrobaSi an dakavebis qveS. aseTi pirebi ar
unda daeqvemdebaron arc erT SemTxvevaSi samedicino an samecniero
eqsperimentebs, romelTac SeuZlia ziani miayenos maT janmrTelobas.~
amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan paqtis me-7 muxlSi, vidre samedi-
dakavSirebul daskvniT komen- cino mopyrobis akrZalva. ara-
tarebSi adamianis uflebaTa saeqsperimento samedicino Care-
komitetma aRniSna, rom komiteti vam, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki igi
SeSfoTebulia imiT, rom zogierT ganxorcielebulia Sesabamisi piris
StatSi ara Terapiuli kvlevebi Se- Tanxmobis gareSe, unda miaRwios si-
saZlebelia warmoebdes mcirew- sastikis konkretul zRvars imisa-
lovnebTan an sulierad daavadebul Tvis, raTa adgili hqondes saerTa-
pirebTan mimarTebaSi maT magier sxva Soriso paqtis me-7 muxlis darRve-
adamianis mier gacemuli nebarTvis vas. erT-erTi saxis samedicino Care-
safuZvelze, rac erTmniSvne- va, rogoricaa qalis sterilizacia
lovnad ewinaaRmdegeba samoqalaqo misi Tanxmobis gareSe erTmniS-
da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSo- vnelovnad iqna miCneuli saerTaSo-
riso paqtis me-7 muxls.14 riso paqtis me-7 muxlis darRvevad.
samedicino eqsperimentis akrZa- aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba
lva ufro viwro gagebiT aris war- komitetma daafiqsira daskvniT
modgenili samoqalaqo da poli- komentarebSi iaponiasTan15, peru-
tikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso sa16 da slovakeTTan17 mimarTebaSi.
14 (1995) UN doc. CCPR/79/add, punqti 50.
15 (1998) UN doc. CCPR/79/add, punqti 31.
16 (2000) UN doc. CCPR/70/per, punqti 21.
17 (2003) UN doc. CCPR/CO/78/SCK, punqti 12.

29
 wamebisa da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an
dasjis aRkveTis evropuli konvencia da komiteti
80-iani wlebis dasasruls adami- safuZvelzec Seiqmna wamebis saw-
anis uflebaTa dacvis mzardma inaaRmdego komiteti (CPT), xelmo-
standartebma xazgasmiT warmoaCi- sawerad Ria gaxda 1987 wlis 26 noem-
na adamianis gansakuTrebiT mniS- bers da ZalaSi Sevida 1989 wlis 1
vnelovan uflebaTa darRvevis aR- Tebervals. dReisaTvis evropis
mofxvris saWiroeba. adamianis sabWos yvela wevri saxelmwifo mi-
uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis erTebulia konvencias.
me-3 muxlma, romelic krZalavs wamebis aRkveTis evropuli kon-
wamebas, araadamianur da damam- venciis 1-li damatebiTi oqmi,
cirebel mopyrobasa da sasjels romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2002 wlis 1
dasabami misca wamebisa da araadam- marts, uflebamosilebas aniWebs ev-
ianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis ropis sabWos ministrTa komitets,
an dasjis aRkveTis Sesaxeb 1987 rom moiwvios evropis sabWos ara-
wlis konvenciis proeqtis SemuSavebas. wevri nebismieri saxelmwifo kon-
aRniSnuli konvencia, romlis venciaze misaerTeblad.

damoukidebeli eqspertebi da vizitebi

wamebis sawinaaRmdego komi- komitetis mier 4 wlis vadiT da xe-
tetis (CPT) wevrebs warmoadgenen laxla SesaZloa arCeul iqnen mxo-
damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli lod orjeradi vadiT. TiToeuli
eqspertebi. isini sxvadasxva pro- saxelmwifodan mxolod erTi wevri
fesiebis mqone pirebi arian, rogo- irCeva. wamebis sawinarmdego komiteti
ricaa iuristebi, eqimebi da eqs- vizitebs awarmoebs Tavisuflebis
pertebi. isini irCevian ministrTa aRkveTis adgilebSi (magaliTad,

30
cixeebsa da arasrulwlovanTa pa- komiteti ar aris valdebuli daa-
timrobis centrebSi, policiis konkretos periodi Setyobinebasa
dawesebulebebSi, saimigracio da vizits Soris, romelic gamonak-
mizniT dakaveblTa centrebSi, fsi- lisi garemoebebis arsebobis
qiatriul saavadmyofoebSi), raTa SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia ganxor-
moinaxulos Tu rogor epyrobian iq cielebul iqnes dauyovnebliv Se-
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs da tyobinebis gagzavnis Semdgom. mTa-
saTanado rekomendaciebi warud- vrobis pretenziebi vizitis drosa
ginos mogvianebiT pirobebis gaum- da adgilTan dakavSirebiT, Sesa-
jobesebasTan dakavSirebiT. Zlebelia gamarTlebul iqnes mxo-
vizitebi zogadad xorcieldeba lod iseT safuZvelze, rogoricaa
delegaciebis mier, romlebSic Se- erovnuli Tavdacva, sazogadoe-
dis 2 an meti komitetis wevri. maT brivi usafrTxoeba, seriozuli
Tan axlavT komitetis samdivnos areuloba, piris samedicino mdgo-
warmomadgenlebi, eqspertebi da mareoba an gansakuTrebuli mniS-
Tarjimnebi. komitetis wevri, vnelobis mqone gamoZieba, rome-
romelic arCeulia Sesabamisi wevri lic mimdinareobs konkretuli
saxelmwifos mxriv monawileobas ar piris mimarT. aseT SemTxvevebSi
iRebs am saxelmwifos teritoriaze saxelmwifom unda ganaxorcielos
ganxorcielebul vizitebSi. yvela SesaZlebeli RonisZieba,
komitetis delegaciebi xelSem- raTa maqsimalurad SesaZlebel
kvrel saxelmwifoebSi vizitebs vadebSi moxerxdes komitetis
axorcieleben periodulad, magram wevrebis vizitis ganxorcieleba.
SesaZlebelia e.w. ad hoc (specialu-
ri) vizitebis ganxorcielebac,
Tuki es aucilebelia. komitetma
unda acnobos Sesabamis saxelmwi-
fos vizitis Sesaxeb, magram

31
 SeuzRudavi daSveba
wamebisa da araadamianuri an saxelmwifos mier xelSekrulebiT
damamcirebeli mopyrobis an das- dakisrebuli valdebulebebis
jis aRkveTis konvenciis Tanaxmad, savaraudo darRvevas, anu post
wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis faqtum saCivrebis ganxilvis ufle-
delegaciebs gaaCniaT SeuzRudavi bamosilebas.
nebarTva da daSveba Tavisuflebis uwinares yovlisa wamebis sa-
aRkveTis adgilebSi da aseT adgileb- winaaRmdego komiteti warmoadgens
Si gadaadgilebaze. isini yovelgvari meqanizms, romlis mTavar daniS-
mowmeebisa da meTvalyureobis nulebas Seadgens arasaTanado
gareSe awarmoeben patimarTa da mopyrobis ganxorcielebis xelis
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa mona- SeSla, TumcaRa, komitets ufleba
xulebas da maTTan gasaubrebas. aqvs CaerTos aseTi faqtis moxdenis
wamebisa da araadamianuri an Semdgomac.
damamcirebeli mopyrobis an das- Sesabamisad, maSin rodesac sasa-
jis aRkveTis komiteti ar aris marTlos qmedebebi mimarTuli
marTlmsajulebis organo, rac mas "konfliqtis samarTlebriv doneze
arsebiTad ganasxvavebs adamianis regulirebisaken~, wamebis saw-
uflebaTa sferoSi evropis sabWos inaaRmdego komitetis qmedebebi mi-
sxva sazedamxedvelo organosagan, marTulia "konfliqtis Tavidan ac-
rogoradac gvevlineba adamianis ilebisaken~ praqtikul doneze.
uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, wame-
evropuli sasamarTlosagan gan- bis sawinaaRmdego komitetis saxe-
sxvavebiT wamebis sawinaaRmdego lmZRvanelo princips warmoadgens
komitets ar gaaCnia uflebamosile- "maqsimaluri dacva gaavrcelos ad-
ba ganixilos da gadawyvitos sa- amianis mimarT arasaTanado mopyro-
marTlebrivi davebi, romlebic exe- bis ganxorcielebaze iqneba es
ba Sesabamisi xelSemkvreli fizikuri Tu sulieri xasiaTis~.

32
 wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis mas axorcielebs an nebarTvas
(CPT) qmedebebi efuZvneba TanamSrom- gascems mis ganxorcielebaze
lobis koncefcias.18 wamebis sawi- da zians ayenebs aseve xelisu-
naaRmdego komitetis amocanas ar flebis erovnul organoebs
warmoadgens saxelmwifoebis saja- zogadad.
rod gakicxva, aramed saxelmwifoe- pirvel rigSi, CPT ikvlevs da
bisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCena, raTa afasebs faqtobriv situacias im
maT aRmarTon da gaaZlieron is gam- qveynebSi, romlebSic igi axor-
yofi kedeli, romelic erTmaneTisa- cielebs vizitebs. kerZod, CPT:
gan mijnavs da yofs dasaSveb da dauS- 1. ixilavs zogad situacias im
vebel mopyrobas an qmedebas.19 xsene- dawesebulebebSi, romlebic
buli amocanis ganxorcielebisas wame- man moinaxula;
bis sawinaaRmdego komiteti xelm-
ZRvanelobs Semdegi principebiT: 2. Tvalyurs adevnebs sas-
jelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebe-
1. TavisuflebaaRkveTili pire-
bis warmomadgenelTa midgomebs
bis mimarT arasaTanado mopy-
robis akrZalva absolutur xa- TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebTan
siaTs atarebs; mimarTebaSi;
2. arasaTanado mopyroba ewina- 3. awarmoebs TavisuflebaaRkve-
aRmdegeba civilizebul qmede- Til pirTa gamokiTxvas maT yo-
baTa kodeqss, Tundac igi gan- fasTan dakavSirebiT da ismens
xorcielebul iqnes SedarebiT saCivrebs, romlebic maT Sesa-
msubuqi formiT; Zloa hqondeT;
3. arasaTanado mopyroba zians 4. ixilavs samarTlebriv da admi- 18 "wamebisa da araadamianuri an damam-
ayenebs ara marto msxverpls, nistraciul safuZvlebs, razec cirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis
dafuZnebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis evropuli konvenciis~ me-3
aramed damamcirebelia TviT
muxli.
xelisuflebis organos im war- aRkveTa. 19 wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis 1-li
momadgenlisaTvis, romelic aRniSnulis Semdgom wamebis sa- zogadi moxseneba.

33
 winaaRmdego komiteti moxsenebas uflebaTa organoebis mier am ufle-
warudgens Sesabamis saxelmwifos, bebTan dakavSirebul interpreta-
romelSic Sefasebas aZlevs Seg- ciebs. magram komiteti ar aris
rovebul informacias da Tan ur- SezRuduli da Semofargluli mar-
Tavs komentarebs. xsenebulTan mi- Tlmsajulebis an kvazi sasamarTlo
marTebaSi unda aRiniSnos, rom CPT-s organoebis mier dadgenili prece-
ar gaaCnia uflebamosileba ficis dentuli samarTliT adamianis ufle-
qveS moipovos garkveuli mtkice- baTa sferoSi, aramed mas SeuZlia am
bulebebi an winaaRmdegoba gauwios precedentul samarTalze an
im pirebs, romlebic gamoxataven gamomJRavnebul midgomebze dayrd-
sawinaaRmdego azrs. aucileblobis noba, rodesac afasebs Tavisufle-
SemTxvevaSi komiteti rekomenda- baaRkveTili pirebis mopyrobas konk-
cias iZleva iseTi RonisZiebebis ga- retul qveyanaSi.
tarebaze, romelTa daniSnuleba- mokled, rom SevajamoT gan-
sac warmoadgens iseT mopyrobaTa sxvavebebi adamianis uflebaTa ev-
aRkveTa da akrZalva, romlebic ropul sasamarTlosa da CPT-s So-
winaaRmdegobaSi modis Tavisufle- ris SemdgoSi mdgomareobs:
baaRkveTil pirebTan mimarTebaSi 1. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
ganxorcielebul qmedebaTa dasaS- sasamarTlos umTavres mizans
veb standartebTan. warmoadgens gamokvleva adgi-
Tavisi funqciebis ganxorcieleb- li hqonda Tu ara adamianis
isas CPT uflebamosilia daeyrdnos uflebaTa evropuli konvenci-
aramarto im samarTlebriv stan- is debulebaTa darRvevas. sa-
dartebs, romlebic moculia aramar- pirispirod wamebis sawinaaRm-
to adamianis uflebaTa evropuli dego komitetis amocanas ki
konvenciiT, aramed adamianis ufle- warmoadgens piris mimarT ara-
baTa sferoSi moqmedi sxva Sesabami- saTanado mopyrobis, iqneba es
si aqtebiTac, iseve rogorc adamianis fizikuri Tu sulieri xasiaTis,

34
 aRkveTa, aRmofxvra, anu 4. sakiTxis gadaWraSi evropuli
komitetis moqmedebebi ufro sasamarTlo mxolod maSin
gaTvlilia momavalze, vidre erTveba, rodesac mas waredgi-
warsulze; neba ganacxadi individualuri
2. evropul sasamarTlos gaaCnia pirisagan Tu saxelmwifosagan.
xelSekrulebis debulebebi, CPT ki ex officio axorcielebs
romlebsac igi iyenebs da gan- Tavis periodul vizitebs
martavs. wamebis sawinaaRmdego 5. sasamarTlos qmedebebi da konk-
komiteti SezRuduli ar aris retul ganacxadTan dakavSire-
xelSekrulebaTa arsebiTi de- buli misi saqmianoba sruldeba
bulebebiT, TumcaRa mas Seu- samarTlebrivad savaldebulo
Zlia daeyrdnos mraval saerTa- gadawyvetilebiT, romlis Ta-
Soriso xelSekrulebas, saerTa- naxmadac naTeli xdeba, daar-
Soriso aqtebsa da sazedamxed- Rvia Tu ara saxelmwifom
velo organoebis mier dadgenil xelSekrulebiT gaTvali-
precedentul samarTals. swinebuli valdebuleba. wame-
3. mis winaSe dasaxuli amocanebis bis sawinaaRmdego komiteti ki
xasiaTidan gamomdinare evro- amzadebs moxsenebas da, Tu es
puli sasamarTlo Sedgeba ada- aucilebelia, rekomendaciebsa
mianis uflebaTa sferoSi moR- da rCevebs, romlis
vawe iuristebisagan. wamebis sa- safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia Sem-
winaaRmdego komiteti ki Sedge- dgomi molaparakebis ganviTare-
ba ara marto aseTi iuristebisa- ba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelmwi-
gan, aramed samedicino perso- fo ar asrulebs komitetis re-
nalisagan, penitencialur sfe- komendaciebs, komitets Seu-
roSi moRvawe eqspertebisagan, Zlia gamosces sajaro gancxade-
kriminologiis dargSi moRvawe ba amasTan dakavSirebiT.
specialistebisagan da sxv. CPT Tavis moxsenebas konkretul

35
 saxelmwifosTan dakavSirebiT saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT,
aqveynebs mxolod am saxelmwifos romelSic zogadad aisaxeba ganvli-
mier Tanxmobis gamoTqmis SemTxveva- li wlis ganmavlobaSi komitetis
Si. magram komiteti yovelwliurad mier ganxorcielebuli vizitebi
iRebs zogad moxsenebas gaweul konkretul saxelmwifoebSi.

wamebis sawinaaRmdego komiteti (CPT) da saqarTvelo

wamebisa da araadamianuri an TiTqmis yvela es gancxadeba gakeT-
damamcirebeli mopyrobis an das- da im pirebis mier, romlebsac de-
jis aRkveTis evropuli konvenciis legacia esaubra sasjelaRsruleb-
me-7 muxlis Sesabamisad, wamebis sa- is dawesebulebebSi an romlebic
winaaRmdego komitetis delegacia cota xniT adre policiaSi iyvnen
ewvia saqarTvelos 2001 wlis 6-18 dakavebuli. komitetma aRniSna, rom
maiss. es wamebis sawinaaRmdego monaxulebul policiis dawese-
komitetis (CPT) pirveli viziti iyo bulebebSi mxolod ramdenime
20 saregistracio Jurnalebis Semowmebam eWvmitanili iyo dakavebuli (24
saqarTveloSi, romelic ganxor-
gamoavlina, rom policiaSi dakave-
bulTa raodenoba Semcirda dele- cielda komitetis 2001 wlis peri- adamiani 19 monaxulebul policiis
gaciis vizitamde cota xniT adre da oduli vizitebis programis far- dawesebulebaSi).20 ramdenime maT-
uSualod vizitis ganmavlobaSi. ma- glebSi. gans aSkarad etyoboda fizikuri Za-
galiTad, Sss Tbilisis qalaqis mTa- ladobis niSnebi, Tumca cxadi iyo,
vizitis dros delegaciam mois-
vari sammarTvelos izolatorSi, sa-
dac am dawesebulebis direqtoris mina mravali gancxadeba policiis rom SiSis gamo isini Tavs
TqmiT gadmohyavT dakavebuli pirebi mier danaSaulSi eWvmitanilebis aridebdnen amis Sesaxeb delegaci-
Tbilisis yvela raionuli sammarTve- fizikuri Seuracxyofis Sesaxeb. asTan saubars da aseve delegaciis
lodan, mxolod ori danaSaulSi eWvmi- SemadgenlobaSi myof eqimebis mier
zogierTi gancxadebiT fizikuri
tanili imyofeboda. saregistracio
Jurnalis mixedviT, 2001 wlis 7 Seuracxyofa imdenad mZime iyo, maT gasinjvas.
maisamde dawesebulebaSi Cveulebriv rom, komitetis azriT, isini wame- komitetma aseve aRniSna, rom,
imyofeboda 12-17 dakavebuli. bis tolfasad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. zogierTis azriT, maT mimarT uxeS

36
fizikur mopyrobas ar hqonia adgi- ri Zaladobis faqtebTan dakavSire-
li mxolod imis gamo, rom maT Tavi- biT. TiTqmis ar yofila gancxade-
danve aRiares danaSauli, romlis bebi droebiTi dakavebis izola-
CadenaSic isini iyvnen eWvmitanili. torSi momuSave personalis mxri-
komitetis mier mopovebuli in- dan fizikuri Seuracxyofis
formaciis Tanaxmad, fizikur Za- Taobaze.
ladobas adgili hqonda rogorc delegaciaSi Semavalma eqimebma
policiis mier maTi dakavebis, aseve gasinjes zogierTi im pirTagani,
policiis TanamSromlebis mier romlebic acxadebdnen, rom maT mi-
maTi Semdgomi dakiTxvis dros da marT adgili hqonda fizikur Za-
ZiriTadad vlindeboda saxeSi ladobas da gamoavlines, rom maT
gartymis, muStiT cemis, wixlebis, aReniSnebodaT amgvari zemoqmede-
policiis xelketebis, iaraRis bis realuri fizikuri niSnebi.
kondaxis da sxva magari sagnebis delegaciis wevrebma miuTiTes Sem-
gamoyenebis faqtebSi. yvelaze deg konkretul magaliTebze:
mZime SemTxvevebSi gancxadebebi - erT-erTma pirma, romelsac
exeboda eleqtroSokis, airwinaRe- delegacia esaubra Tbilisis 5
bis gamoyenebas, fexis gulebze ce- sapyrobileSi ganacxada, rom
masa da Tavdayira mdgomareobaSi delegaciis vizitamde eqvsi
dakavebulis iZulebiT gaCerebas. dRis win, igi daakaves da miiy-
TiTqmis yvela informacia exe- vanes policiis raionul ganyo-
boda fizikuri Seuracxyofis filebaSi, sadac policielTa
faqtebs Tavdapirvel sagamoZiebo jgufma igi muStiT scema da
moqmedebaze pasuxismgebel xelketebi urtya mTel
policiis operatiulmuSakebs sxeulze da TavSi. samedicino
(mokvlevis organos). delegaciam Semowmebam gamoavlina, rom
aseve moismina ramdenime gancxade- zurgze mxris midamoSi mas
ba gamomZieblebis mxridan fiziku- aReniSneboda moiisfro-mwvane

37
 feris 6X5 sm hematoma; marjve- - mesame pirma, romelsac dele-
na mxares iRliis qveS 7X8 sm da gacia esaubra Tbilisis 5 sapy-
3X4 sm sisxlCaqcevebi; marjve- robileSi, ganacxada, rom daax-
na zeda mxaris areSi 2X1 sm he- loebiT 9 Tvis win igi daakaves
matoma; marjvena mxaris ukan da dakiTxes transportis
2X1 sm moiisfro-mwvane feris policiis departamentSi. misi
hematoma; gancxadebiT, dakiTxvis dros
- meore patimarma, romelsac mas gamudmebiT scemdnen
delegacia esaubra Tbilisis 5 xelketebiT mTel sxeulze da
sapyrobileSi, ganacxada, rom gansakuTrebiT fexis gulebze.
eqvsidRis win, igi daakaves da mi- man aseve ganacxada, rom igi
iyvanes policiis raionul gan- awames eleqtroSokiT, kerZod,
yofilebaSi, sadac scemes da xelebze miades ori eleqtro-
awames eleqtroSokiT Zvelebu- dis SemaerTebeli sadeni. sa-
ri telefonis msgavsi aparatiT. medicino Semowmebam gamoavli-
meore dRes igi gadaiyvanes na, rom marjvena ceris ZirSi
policiis sxva ganyofilebaSi, mas hqonda daaxloebiT 2 sm si-
sadac, misi gancxadebiT, igi grZis movardisfro-yavisferi
kvlav scemes, saxeze gaukeTes grZivi Wriloba, romelic Seesa-
airwinaRi da ceri TiTi karebSi bameboda mis Cvenebas
mouyoles. samedicino Semowme- eleqtroSokiT wamebasTan
bam gamoavlina, rom mas sam ad- dakavSirebiT;
gilas orive fexis wina areSi - erT-erTma patimarma, romel-
aReniSneboda 2X1 sm moyavisfro sac delegacia Sexvda quTaisis
gamxmari naiarevi; marcxena ce- 2 sapyrobileSi ganacxada, rom
ris frCxilis ZirSi axali sisxl- sami kviris win, igi policiam
Caqceva, romelic frCxilis ze- daakava, gonebis dakargvamde
dapiris naxevars faravda; scema da mxolod droebiTi

38
 dakavebis izolatorSi movida dakavebisas da/an policiaSi maTi
gonze. samedicino Semowmebam yofnis periodSi (gansakuTrebiT
gamoavlina Sublis marcxena dakiTxvis dros) emuqrebaT seriozu-
areSi 1X0,5 sm Wriloba; marcxe- li safrTxe imisa, maT mimarT SeiZle-
na parietalur areSi 1,5 sm ba adgili hqondes arasaTanado mopy-
grZivi Wriloba; kefis areSi 1,5 robas da zogierT SemTxvevaSi uxeS
sm Wriloba; marcxena fexis fizikur mopyrobas/wamebasac ki.
wvivis qveda nawilSi 2 sm Wri- komitetma xazgasmiT aRniSna,
loba. yvela es Wriloba daax- rom mxolod samarTlebrivi garan-
loebiT sami-oTxi kviris iyo da tiebi, miuxedavad maTi udavod
movardisfro-ruxi feri hqonda. didi mniSvnelobisa, sakmarisi ar
amasTan erTad delegaciam aRniS- aris; fizikuri Seuracxyofis
na, rom samedicino dokumentaciis aRkveTis saukeTeso garantias war-
(patimris cixeSi moyvanis momentSi moadgens erTmniSvnelovnad uaris
aRniSnuli travmuli dazianebebis Tqma mis gamoyenebaze TviT polici-
Jurnalis da aseve patimarTa piradi is TanamSromelTa mier. es gulisx-
samedicino istoriis) gacnobisas mobs samuSaoze miRebis dros Ser-
delegaciam aRmoaCina samedicino Se- Cevis mkacri kriteriumebis gamo-
mowmebis daskvnebi, romlebic Seesa- yenebas da saTanado profesiul
bameboda gamokiTxuli pirebis ganc- momzadebas. amasTan dakavSirebiT,
xadebebs policiis muSakTa mier maT saqarTvelos xelisufleba unda
mimarT Cadenili fizikuri Seuracx- iswrafvodes policielTa praq-
yofis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT. tikuli profesiuli momzadeba war-
wamebis sawinaaRmdego komi- marTos adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
tetis (CPT) xelT arsebuli infor- principebze dayrdnobiT, raTa
maciis safuZvelze komiteti mivida uzrunvelyofili iyos policiel-
im daskvnamde, rom saqarTveloSi Ta saTanado qceva maRali riskis
eWvmitanil pirebs policiis mier mqone situaciebSi, rogoricaa

39
 eWvmitanilTa dakaveba da dakiTx- azriT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
va. es gacilebiT ufro efeqtiani unda daTmoboda policiaSi dakave-
iqneba, vidre adamianis uflebaTa bul pirebTan urTierTobis, kerZod
sakiTxebze calke Teoriuli kurse- ki maTTan saubris sworad warmarTvis
bis mosmena. policiis muSakTa pro- unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas. es xSir
fesiuli momzadeba da kvalifikaci- SemTxvevebSi daexmareba policiis
is amaRleba unda xorcieldebodes TanamSromlebs ganmuxton poten-
am sistemis yvela doneze da am ciurad saSiSi situaciebi. aqedan
process uwyveti xasiaTi unda gamomdinare, wamebis sawinaaRmdego
hqondes. sxva miznebTan erTad igi komitetma rekomendacia misca
unda emsaxurebodes or ZiriTad saqarTvelos mTavrobas, rom:
princips: pirveli, nebismieri - gansakuTrebuli prioriteti
formiT Cadenili fizikuri Seu- mieniWos policiis yvela ran-
racxyofa adamianis Rirsebis Sem- gisa da kategoriis Tanam-
laxavia da aqedan gamomdinare Seu- SromelTa profesiul momza-
Tavsebelia im faseulobebTan, rom- debas, maT Soris, Tanamedrove
lebic aRiarebulia saqarTvelos sagamoZiebo meTodebsa da praq-
konstituciiTa da saqarTvelos tikaSi. profesionali poli-
mier ratificirebuli saerTaSori- cielebis garda swavlebaSi mo-
so samarTlebrivi aqtebiT. meore, nawileoba aseve unda miiRon
fizikuri iZulebis gamoyeneba Tavi- sxva sferos specialistebma;
danve mcdari meTodia sando mtki- - policielTa samsaxurSi miRebis
cebulebebis mosapoveblad. dana- erT-erTi umTavresi kriteriumi
SaulTan brZolis TvalsazrisiT unda iyos iseTi pirovnuli Tvise-
gacilebiT ukeTes Sedegs gamoi- bebi, rogoricaa komunikabe-
Rebs dakiTxvisa da gamoZiebis luroba da adamianebTan urTier-
ufro mowinave meTodikis danerg- Tobis unari, xolo maTi profesi-
va. amasTan erTad, delegaciis uli momzadebisas gansakuTrebu-

40
 li yuradReba unda daeTmos ada- rasac konkretuli viTareba moiT-
mianebTan urTierTobis unar- xovs. xolo mas Semdeg, rac dakave-
Cvevebis SeZenasa da ganviTarebas. buli piri kontrols daeqvemde-
wamebis sawinaaRmdego komi-tetis bareba, aranairi gamarTleba ar Sei-
rekomendaciis Tanaxmad Sesabamisma Zleba hqondes policiis mier mis mi-
saxelmwifo uwyebebma da policiis marT fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebas.
xelmZRvanelma muSakebma ganumarton komitetis rekomendaciis Tan-
policiis TanamSromlebs, rom axmad, policiis muSakTa mxridan
dakavebul pirTa mimarT arasaTanado aramarTebuli mopyrobis aR-
mopyroba da fizikuri Zalis gamoy- sakveTad kidev erTi qmediTi saSu-
eneba dauSvebelia da mkacrad isjeba. alebaa sasamarTlos mier amgvar
rac Seexeba uSualod dakavebis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli
dros aramarTebuli mopyrobis yvela saCivris zedmiwevniT Seswav-
Taobaze gakeTebul gancxadebebs, la da saTanado reagireba. amas uaR-
wamebis sawinaaRmdego komiteti resad didi prevenciuli mniS-
(CPT) srulad iTvaliswinebs imas, vneloba aqvs. amasTan dakavSirebiT
rom eWvmitanilis dakaveba xSirad CPT-im xazgasmiT miuTiTa, rom yve-
Zalzed saxifaTo SeiZleba iyos, gan- la piri, vis mimarTac gamoiyeneba
sakuTrebiT, Tu igi winaaRmdegobas dapatimreba, rogorc aRkveTis
uwevs da/an policias aqvs safuZve- zoma, piradad unda warsdges im
li ifiqros, rom igi SeiaraRebulia mosamarTlis winaSe, romelsac
da, amdenad, saSiSroebas warmoad- gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba aRkveTis
gens. zogjer rogorc dakavebuli RonisZiebis Taobaze. es saSualebas
piri, aseve policiis muSakebi Sei- miscems pirs, romelsac fizikuri
Zleba SemTxveviT daSavdnen. eWvmi- Seuracxyofa miayenes, droulad
tanilis dakavebisas aucileblobis Seitanos saCivari amgvar qmedebaze.
SemTxvevaSi Zalis gamoyeneba unda garda amisa, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu
xdebodes mkacrad im farglebSi, piri ar Civis, Tavad is faqti, rom igi

41
 Sexvdeba mosamarTles, am uka- marTlo samedicino eqspertizis
nasknels miscems saSualebas drou- Catareba, Tuki arsebobs sxva
lad imoqmedos, Tu is SeamCnevs safuZveli, rac mas afiqrebinebs,
dakavebul pirze fizikuri zemo- rom aRniSnuli piri fizikuri Za-
qmedebis niSnebs (magaliTad, sxeu- ladobis msxverplia.
lis dazianebebs, mis zogad fizikur wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis
da moralur mdgomareobasa da a.S.) pirveli vizitis Sedegad gamoiTqva
wamebis sawinaaRmdego komite- mravali SeniSvna da ukmayofileba
tis rekomendaciis Tanaxmad, iqna gamoTqmuli. saqarTvelos mTav-
dakavebis bolo etapze sasamarTlo- robis mier xsenebuli xarvezebis aR-
Si miyvanili braldebulis mier mofxvris gadamowmebis saSualeba
gakeTebuli nebismieri gancxadeba wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis
policiis mier misdami arasaTanado delegacias gaaCnda perioduli viz-
mopyrobis Taobaze mosamarTlem itebis dros, romelic unda ganxor-
unda werilobiT daafiqsiros, dau- cielebuliyo 2 etapad 2003 wlis
yovnebliv gasces gankarguleba sa- noembersa da 2004 wlis maisSi. aRniS-
samarTlo eqspertizis daniSvnis nuli viziti dagegmili iyo ramde-
Taobaze da miiRos yvela aucilebe- nime TviT adre, magram 2003 wlis
li zoma braldebulis gancxadebaSi noemberSi qveyana areulobam moicva
aRniSnuli faqtebis gamoZiebis da TiTqmis permanentulad mimdi-
mizniT. amgvari midgoma ganxor- nareobda demonstraciebi. miuxeda-
cieldes miuxedavad imisa, aReniS- vad amisa komitetma gadawyvita dar-
neba Tu ara braldebuls sxeulis Cena da vizitis gagrZeleba, radga-
xiluli dazianebebi. garda amisa, im nac Tvlida, rom komitetis mandati-
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu braldebuls ar dan gamomdinare misi qveyanaSi yof-
gaukeTebia gancxadeba mis mimarT na gansakuTrebulad saWiro da Se-
arasaTanado mopyrobis Taobaze, saferisi iyo. TumcaRa, Seqmnili
mosamarTlem unda moiTxovos sasa- situaciidan gamomdinare, delega-

42
cias mouxda programis Secvla, ker- mZime da modebuli senis aR-
Zod Tbilisis gareT gansaxor- mofxvras, rogoric aris adamianTa
cielebel vizitebTan dakavSirebiT. wameba, araadamianuri da damamcire-
Sesabamisad Semdgomi viziti daigeg- beli mopyroba an sasjeli.
ma 2004 wlis maisisaTvis. am vizitis yovelive zemoxsenebulidan
mTavar mizans warmoadgenda aWaris gamomdinare, imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
avtonomiur respublikaSi Tavisuf- rom wamebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb saer-
lebaaRkveTil pirebTan mimarTeba- TaSoriso aqtebi (maT Soris adami-
Si ganxorcelebul mopyrobaTa gan- anis uflebaTa evropuli konvenci-
xilva. 2004 wlis maisSi komitetis is me-3 muxli) saxelmwifo xelisuf-
viziti isev daemTxva saqarTvelos, lebis organoebs akisrebT ara mar-
kerZod aWaris teritoriaze ganxor- to negatiur valdebulebas (wameb-
cielebul mniSvnelovan movlenebs, isa da araadamianuri an damamcire-
xidebis afeTqebas, demonstracieb- beli mopyrobis an dasjis aRkveTis),
sa da aWaris yofili lideris ga- aramed pozitiur valdebulebeb-
dadgomas. viziti mainc iqna ga- sac. arasaTando mopyrobasTan efeq-
grZelebuli da delegacia baTums tiani brZolis mizniT, yovelTvis
estumra pirdapiri saprezidento unda gvaxsovdes da mxedvelobaSi
mmarTvelobis gamocxadebidan me-2 viqonioT, rom:
dRes. aRniSnuli vizitebis Sedege- sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis
bi, komitetis mosazrebebi da reko- organo valdebulia wamebis, araad-
mendaciebi jer-jerobiT ar gamo- amianuri da damamcirebeli mopyro-
qveynebula sajarod. imedi unda bis aRkveTa asaxos konstituciur
viqonioT, rom saqarTvelos mTav- doneze, rac warmoadgens mniS-
robam gaiTvaliswina, iTvaliswinebs vnelovan elements imis uzrunvel-
da momavalSic gaiTvaliswinebs sayofad, rom aseT akrZalul qmede-
komitetis rekomendaciebs, rac bas adgili ar hqondes wevri
xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi iseTi saxelmwifos iurisdiqciis far-

43
 glebSi. sakanonmdeblo organom ba, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rode-
maqsimalurad unda uzrunvelyos sac igi amtkicebs, rom daeqvem-
iseTi normatiuli aqtis miReba an debara me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmde-
masSi cvlilebebis Setana, rom- go arasaTanado mopyrobas.
lebic uzrunvelyofs: aRmasrulebelma organoebma
• dapatimrebuli piris uflebas (samarTaldamcavma da Zalovanma uw-
Seatyobinos, Tavisi arCeva- yebebma) unda uzrunvelyon, rom,
nisamebr, me-3 mxares misi dapa- rodesac arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi
timrebis Sesaxeb (ojaxis wevri, arasaTanado mopyrobis ganxor-
megobari, sakonsulo); cielebasTan dakavSirebiT, awarmoon
• advokatze xelmisawvdomobas; efeqtiani gamoZieba adamianis ufle-
• dapatimrebuli piris uflebas baTa evropuli konvenciis me-3 mux-
uzrunvelyofil iqnes samedici- lis damrRvevi piris gamosavlenad.
no SemowmebiT samedicino per- aRniSnuls iTxovs evropuli konven-
sonalis mier, romelsac igi endo- ciis me-13 muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac:
“yvelas, visac daerRva am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi
da Tavisuflebebi, aqvs samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani saSualeba
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaSe, miuxedavad imisa, rom es darRveva
Cadenilia pirTa mier samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis ganxor-
cielebisas.”
me-13 muxlis moTxovnebi bulebs saxelmwifoebs, warmarTon
araerTgvarovania konvenciiT gan- wamebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT Se-
sazRvrul calkeul uflebebTan sabamisi jerovani gamoZieba.
mimarTebaSi. saqmeebSi, romlebic saqmeSi Egmez v. Cyprus:
exeba konvenciis me-3 muxls, evro-
puli sasamarTlo efeqtian saSua-
lebebSi moiazrebs da avalde-

44
 “sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom, rodesac pirs aqvs dasabuTebuli saCi-
vari mis mimarT konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevisa, samarTlebrivi
dacvis efeqtian saSualebaSi moiazreba saxelmwifos mxridan jero-
vani da efeqtiani gamoZiebis warmarTva, romelic mimarTuli iqneba
wamebis an arahumanuri qmedebis Camdeni pirebis gamoaSkaravebisa da
dasjisaken”.21
rogorc es evropuli sasamarT- uflebisaTvis (ix. inter alia, saqmeze
los precedentuli samarTliTaa Smith and Grady v. the United Kingdom
dadgenili, me-13 muxli uzrun- 1999 wlis 27 seqtembers gamotani-
velyofs moqalaqeTa SesaZleblo- li ganaCeni). me-13 muxli ar avalde-
bas Sidasaxelmwifoebriv kompe- bulebs saxelmwifoebs raime gan-
tentur organoSi gaasaCivron maT sazRvruli tipis dacvis saSualeb-
mimarT konvenciiT garantirebuli is SeqmnaSi. am sakiTxSi saxelmwi-
uflebis darRveva, miuxedavad foebs gaaCniaT garkveuli Tavisu-
imisa, Tu ra formiTaa esa Tu is fleba, romelic, saboloo jamSi,
ufleba daculi da asaxuli unda Seesabamebodes saxelmwifos
saxelmwifos Sida kanonmdebloba- mier konvenciis me-13 muxliT na-
Si. amgvarad, aRniSnuli Sidasa- sskisr valdebulebebs.22 saxelmwi-
marTlebrivi dacvis saSualebis foebi uflebamosili arian gadawy-
efeqturobaSi igulisxmeba kompe- viton, Tu ra formebiT Seusabamon 21 ix. saqmeze Aksoy v. Turkey 1996 wlis 18
tenturi erovnuli organos mier samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebi dekembers gamotanili ganaCeni da
saqmeze Selmouni v. France 1999 wlis 28
konvenciiT garantirebuli ufle- maT mier me-13 muxliT nakisr val- ivliss gamotanili ganaCeni,
bis darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli debulebebs.23 punqti 79).
saCivrebis ara marto ganxilva, sasamarTlo organoebma unda 22 ix. inter alia, Vilvarajah v. the United
aramed _ SesaZleblobac ganmc- uzrunvelyon, rom, rodesac mosa- Kingdom (1991 wlis 30 oqtomberi ),
punqti 122.
xadeblis saCivris dadasturebis rCele acxadebs, rom igi daeqvemde- 23 ix. mutatis mutandis, Chahal v. the United
SemTxvevaSi ganesazRvros mas Se- bara arasaTanado mopyrobas, Kingdom (1996 wlis 15 noemberi),
sabamisi anazRaureba darRveuli mosTxovon im organoebs, romlebic punqti 145.

45
 axorcieleben Tavisuflebis aRkve- buli kanonieri qmedebis Sedegad,
Tas, warmoadginon mosarCelis rac SesaZloa ganmtkicebul iqnes
mtkicebis gamaqarwylebeli Sesabamisi dokumentebiT. sasamarT-
mtkicebulebebi imasTan dakavSire- lo organoebma kanonis mTeli sim-
biT, rom mosarCelis mier warmodge- kacriT unda dasajon me-3 muxlis
nili raime dazianeba an samedicino damrRvevi pirebi, iqneba igi xelis-
mdgomareoba ar iqna gancdili pa- uflebis organos warmomadgeneli
timrobis periodSi an ganxorciele- Tu kerZo piri.

46
konvenciis Sesavali nawili

adamianis uflebaTa evropul xelisuflebis erovnulma organoeb-

konvencias (SemdgomSi ,,konvencia~) ma, maT Soris sasamarTloebma, upi-
xeli moewera romSi 1950 wlis 4 noem- ratesoba unda mianiWon konvencias
bers. konvencia ZalaSi Sevida 1953 erovnul kanonmdeblobasTan mima-
wlis 3 seqtembers. dReisaTvis 1 rTebaSi, rodesac es ukanaskneli
46–ma saxelmwifom moaxdina adami- winaaRmdegobaSi modis konvencia-
anis uflebaTa evropuli konvenci- sTan.
is ratificireba. xsenebuli SesabamisobaSia kon-
faqtobrivad, yvela am saxelmwi- venciasTan, romlis Tanaxmadac,
fosaTvis konvencia, iseve rogorc konvenciaSi Camoyalibebuli ufle-
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad bebis dacvis Tavdapirveli da umTa-
warmoqmnili valdebulebebi, war- vresi pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT
moadgens Sida samarTlis nawils. Se- xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs. kon-
sabamisad, adamianis uflebaTa evro- venciis 1-li muxli avaldebulebs
puli konvencia warmoadgens sakanon- yovel xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos
mdeblo sistemis nawils da Sida sa- Tavisi iurisdiqciis farglebSi,
samarTloebi, iseve rogorc sajaro yvelasaTvis uzrunvelyos am kon-
xelisuflebis organoebi, valde- venciiT gansazRvruli uflebebi
bulni arian gamoiyenon misi debule- da Tavisuflebebi. adamianis ufle-
bebi. Sida samarTalwarmoebisas baTa evropuli sasamarTlo akon-
pirebs SeuZliaT pirdapir daeyrd- trolebs saxelmwifoTa qmedebebs,
non konvenciis teqstsa da masTan axorcielebs ra sasamarTlo gad-
dakavSirebul precedentul samar- awyvetilebaTa gadaxedvis ufleba-
Tals, romlebic Sida sasamarTloeb- mosilebas.
ma unda gamoiyenon. ufro metic, xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebisa 1 2005 wlis maisis mdgomareobiT

47
 da evropuli sasamarTlos sakanon- moadgens winamdebare saxel-
mdeblo sistemebis urTierTobam – mZRvanelos ganxilvis sagans – sa-
damxmare principi – romlis saSua- davoa is sakiTxi, saerTod arsebobs
lebiTac xelisuflebis erovnuli Tu ara Sefasebis zRvari.
organoebis mier konvenciis ganxor- erovnuli sakanonmdeblo da
cieleba paralelurad eqvemdebare- politikuri sistemebis mier kon-
ba evropul zedamxedvelobas, dasa- venciiT nakisri valdebulebebis
bami misca e.w `Sefasebis zRvris~ dacvis mizniT saWiroa, rom konven-
principis arsebobas. Sefasebis ciiT miniWebuli dacva da garantie-
zRvris doqtrina aRiarebs, rom bi inkorporirebul iqnes xsenebu-
mraval SemTxvevaSi xelisuflebis li sistemebis yvela doneze. ker-
ero-vnuli organoebi ukeTes mdgo- Zod, maT, vinc pasuxismgebelni
mareobaSi imyofebian, raTa gadawy- arian kanonebisa da maregulirebe-
vetileba miiRon calkeul saqmesa li normebis SemuSavebaze, imple-
Tu sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. aRniS- mentaciasa da ganxorcielebaze,
nuli gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCens ma- unda SeeZloT konvenciis debule-
Sin, rodesac arsebobs arCevanis baTa Serwyma TavianT funqciebTan.
sxvadasxva saSualeba, Tu rogor Sei- xsenebulis miRweva SesaZlebelia
Zleba sakiTxi iqnes gadaWrili. Tum- mxolod da mxolod konvenciis
caRa, Sefasebis zRvris gamoyeneba jerovani codniT.
gansxvavdeba da damokidebulia Se- adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
sabamis Rirebulebasa da mraval konvencia ufro metia, vidre mxo-
wevr saxelmwifoSi arsebul saerTo lod xelSekrulebis teqsti. kon-
standartebze. Sesabamisad, saxel- venciis arsebobis manZilze miRe-
mwifoebisaTvis miniWebuli diskre- bul iqna damatebiTi oqmebi, rom-
ciis donec cvalebadobs. lebic afarToebs misi moqmedebis
me-3 muxlis konteqstSi – muxli, sferos. asobiT saqmeze iqna gamo-
romelic krZalavs wamebas da war- tanili gadawyvetileba konvenciis

48
safuZvelze Seqmnili organoebis, iT miniWebuli ZiriTadi uflebebi-
saxeldobr, adremoqmedi adamianis dan gamomdinare garantiebTan.
uflebaTa evropuli komisiisa (Sem- xsenebuli sasamarTlo praqtika
dgomSi `komisia~) da adamianis ufle- Tu konvenciis organoebis prece-
baTa evropuli sasamarTlos (Sem- dentuli samarTali warmoadgens
dgomSi `sasamarTlo~) mier.2 konvenciis macocxlebel Zalas, da
umTavresad, swored xsenebuli TiToeuli saqme adgens stan-
sasamarTlosa da komisiis mier gan- dartebsa da wesebs, romlebic Ta-
xorcielebuli praqtikis safu- nabrad exeba yvela wevr saxelmwi-
Zvelze hpova ganviTareba konvenci- fos, miuxedavad imisa, Tu romeli
is moqmedebis sferos Secnobam da saxelmwifo iyo mopasuxe konkre-
Sefasebam. im pirTa mier aTasobiT tul saqmeSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT
warmodgenili ganacxadebis ganxil- yvelam unda Seicnos, rom TviT
visas, romlebic amtkicebdnen, rom tradiciuli samoqalaqo samarTle-
adgili hqonda maT mimarT konven- brivi sistemebic ki axorcielebs
ciiT daculi uflebebis darRvevas, Sereul samoqalaqo da saerTo sa-
komisiam da sasamarTlom ganavi- marTlebriv sistemas, romlis dro-
Tares konvenciis debulebebis gan- sac sasamarTlo praqtikas eniWeba
martebasTan dakavSirebuli mTeli igive Rirebuleba, rac parlamentis
rigi saxelmZRvanelo principebi. mier miRebul kanonebs.
maT detaluri kvleva warmarTes konvencia aseve Secnobil unda
konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili iqnes misi `obieqtisa da miznis~
dacvis sferosTan mimarTebaSi, TvalsazrisiT, rogorc es sasa-
iseve rogorc imasTan dakavSire- marTlom aRniSna, demokratiuli 2 me-11 oqmma, romelic ZalaSi 1998 wlis
biT, Tu ra unda moimoqmedon sazogadoebis RirebulebaTa Soris 1 noembers Sevida, gaauqma adremoq-
saxelmwifoebma im mizniT, rom maT adamianis dacvis mizniT, rac ni- medi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
komisia da daafuZna mudmivmoqmedi
mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi Snavs imas, rom konvenciis de- adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasa-
SesabamisobaSi modiodes konvenci- bulebebi ganmartebul da gamo- marTlo.

49
 yenebul unda iqnes ise, rom garan- ba zegavlena moaxdinos am sferoSi
tiebi praqtikuli da efeqtiani evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoTa
iyos. efeqtianobis xsenebul prin- sisxlis samarTlebriv politikaSi
cips konkretuli mniSvneloba gaaC- ganviTarebulma da erToblivad aRi-
nia evropuli konvenciis me-3 mux- arebulma standartebma~.4
lis gamoyenebisaTvis. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo eqceva
konvenciis teqstis Semdgom ma- (da unda moeqces) im cvlilebebisa da
xasiaTebels misi interpretaciis SeTanxmebuli standartebis zegav-
dinamiuroba warmoadgens, rac lenis qveS, romlebic aRiarebulia
imaze metyvelebs, rom igi asaxavs yvela wevr saxelmwifoSi. winamdebare
socialur moTxovnilebaTa, stan- bukletis mizans warmoadgens mosa-
dartebisa da SexedulebaTa cvale- marTleebisa da prokurorebisaTvis
badobas. konvenciis me-3 muxlTan daxmarebis gaweva yvela doneze, raTa
dakavSirebul saqmeSi sasamarTlom uzrunvelyos wamebis, araadamianuri
isargebla SemTxveviT da aRniSna, an damamcirebeli mopyrobisa da sas-
rom konvencia warmoadgens cocxal jelis akrZalvis srulad dacva kon-
samarTlebriv aqts, romelic gan- venciis me-3 muxliT dakisrebul val-
martebul unda iqnes dRevandelo- debulebaTa Sesabamisad. xsenebulis
bis WrilSi. xsenebul saqmeSi sasa- ganxorcielebis mizniT saWiroa, Ca-
marTlom gansazRvra, rom mcirew- vuRrmavdeT TiTqosda, erTi Sexed-
lovan wesrigis damrRvevTa sxeule- viT, martiv, naTel debulebas da ze-
brivi sasjelis gamoyeneba, rac moxsenebul precedentul samarTal-
dasaSvebi iyo 1956 wels, konvenciis sa da ganmartebiT principebTan er-
standartebis Sesabamisad aRar iqna TobliobaSi ganvsazRvroT praqtiku-
miCneuli dasaSvebad 1978 wels.3 li Tu samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT,
kerZod, sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom ras niSnavs garantiebis implementa-
3 Tyrer v. the United Kingdom, 1978 wlis 25
aprilis ganaCeni, seria # 26.
imis gansazRvrisas, arRvevda Tu ara cia sasamarTlo sistemaSi momuSave
4 iqve, 31-e punqti. qmedeba konvencias, masze `ar SeiZle- pirebisaTvis.

50
me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebuli winasityvaoba

rogorc araerTxel aRniSna adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom,

“me-3 muxli warmoadgens demokratiuli sazogadoebis erT-erT
yvelaze fundamentur Rirebulebas”.

me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad:

“aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebros wamebas an araadamianur an damam-

cirebel mopyrobas an sasjels”.
8 sityviT formulirebuli me-3 akrZalvas, romelmac adgili hpova
muxli warmoadgens konvenciis erT- konvenciaSi, aramed igi aseve war-
erT yvelaze mokle debulebas.5 moadgens saerTaSoriso Cveulebi-
TumcaRa, muxlis moculoba ar mo- Ti samarTlis nawils da miCneulia
qmedebs mis siRrmesa da mniS- jus cogens-ad.6
5 konvenciis me-2 oqmis me-4 muxlis Tan-
vnelobaze. xelisuflebis erovnu- miRebul iqna saerTaSoriso nor- axmad, "akrZalulia ucxoelTa koleq-
li organoebi ar SeiZleba iyvnen maTa farTo speqtri wamebiT dasjis tiuri gaZeveba.~ es debuleba war-
mSvidad, acnobiereben ra am de- aRmosafxvrelad: dawyebuli 1948 moadgens adamianis uflebaTa evro-
puli konvenciisa da TandarTuli
bulebis pativiscemisa da ganxor- wlis adamianis uflebaTa sayove-
oqmebis yvelaze mokle muxls.
cielebis mniSvnelobas. lTao deklaraciis me-5 muxlidan, 6 ix. Prosecutor v. Furundzija-s saqme, 1998
miuxedavad SemaSfoTebeli in- romlis Tanaxmadac, `aravin SeiZle- wlis 10 dekemberi, saqmis IT-95-17/I-T;
formaciebisa, romelTa Tanaxmadac ba daeqvemdebros wamebas an sastik, Prosecutor v. Delacic and Others-is saqme,
1998 wlis 16 noemberi, saqmis # IT-96-
sarwmuno moxsenebebi iuwyeba, rom araadamianur, damamcirebel mopy-
21-T, 454-e punqti da Prosecutor v.
msoflioSi kvlav adgili aqvs wame- robas an sasjels,~ damTavrebuli Kunarac-is saqme, 2001 wlis 22 Teber-
bis faqtebs, wamebis akrZalva ar 1998 wlis saerTaSoriso sisxlis vali, saqmis # IT 96-23-T da IT-96-23/1,
warmoadgens mxolod da mxolod sasamarTlos romis statutamde, 466-e punqti.

51
 romlis Tanaxmadac, wameba, rome- wamebisa da araadamianuri an
lic aris moqalaqeTa winaaRmdeg Ca- damamcirebeli mopyrobis an
denili da gavrcelebuli an sis- dasjis aRkveTis Sesaxeb.
tematur qmedebaTa nawili, war- wameba aseve akrZalulia umete-
moadgens kacobriobis winaaRmdeg si SidasamarTlebrivi sistemebiT.
mimarTul danaSauls. wamebis, araadamianuri da damam-
konvenciasTan erTad evropis cirebeli mopyrobis akrZalvis
sabWos umetesi saxelmwifoebi ari- asaxva konstituciur doneze war-
an aseve Semdeg xelSekrulebaTa mxa- moadgens mniSvnelovan elements
reebi, romlebic krZalavs wamebas:7 imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom amgvar
• Jenevis 1949 wlis oTxi kon- akrZalul qmedebas ar hqondes ad-
vencia; gili wevri saxelmwifos iuris-
• 1966 wlis samoqalaqo da diqciis farglebSi. TumcaRa, mar-
politikur uflebaTa saer- tooden akrZalvis arseboba ar war-
TaSoriso paqti, romlis me-7 moadgens TavisTavad konvenciiT
muxlis Tanaxmad, `aravin Sei- dakisrebuli valdebulebebis Ses-
Zleba daeqvemdebaros wame- rulebis safuZvels. araerTxel
bas an sastik, araadamianur an dadginda me-3 muxlis darRveva,
damamcirebel mopyrobas an miuxedavad wevr saxelmwifoTa sa-
sasjels~; marTlebriv sistemebSi aseT de-
bulebaTa arsebobisa.
• gaerTianebuli erebis orga- aseve Secdoma iqneboda imis
nizaciis 1984 wlis wamebisa da Tqma, rom me-3 muxlis ganxorciele-
7 evropis sabWos konvenciebis xel- sxva saxis sastiki, araadamia- ba dafuZnebulia mxolod da mxo-
mowerisa da ratifikaciasTan dakav- nuri da damamcirebeli mopy- lod wamebis aRmofxvris saWiroe-
Sirebuli informaciisaTvis ix. http:// robisa da sasjelis sawi- baze. wamebis SemTxvevebi, raRa Tqma
conventions.coe.int/. gaerTianebuli ere-
naaRmdego konvencia (CAT); unda, warmoadgens me-3 muxlis dar-
bis xelSekrulebebi ix. Semdeg misa-
marTze: http://untreaty.un.org/. • 1987 wlis evropuli konvencia Rvevis yvelaze ufro sastik da sa-

52
Sinel formebs, magram me-3 muxliT Zles msxverplTa dacva sxva kerZo
garantirebuli dacva mimarTulia pirTa mier Cadenili arakanonieri
adamianis Rirsebasa da fizikur qmedebebisagan.
Seuvalobaze ganxorcielebuli rigi saqmeebi warmoaCens
mravali saxis Tavdasxmis sawinaaRm- garkveul miniSnebebs me-3 muxlis
degod. rogorc es zemoT iqna ganxi- moqmedebis sferosTan mimarTebaSi,
luli, precedentuli samarTali da rasac Cven mogvianebiT detalurad
konvenciis gamoyeneba warmoadgens ganvixilavT.
konvenciis masazrdoebel Zalas, • pirvel rigSi, arsebobs qceva-
amasTanave precedentuli samarT- Ta mTeli rigi, iseve rogorc
lis ganxilva warmogviCens, Tu ram- calkeuli qmedebebi, romlebic
denad farToa me-3 muxliT ga- ewinaaRmdegeba me-3 muxls.
rantirebuli dacva da rogor unda
misi gamoyeneba praqtikaSi.
• amitomac me-3 muxlis damr-
faqtobrivi situaciebi, romleb- Rvevi potenciuri damna-
mac dasabami misca me-3 muxlis sava- Savenic Sesabamisad mraval-
raudo darRvevebTan dakavSirebu- nairi arian;
li ganacxadebis Setanas, iwyeba sa- • obieqturi da subieqturi
CivrebiT, romlebic exeba policia- testis safuZvelze gan-
Si piris arasaTanadod mopyrobas, sazRvrul unda iqnes, ar-
patimrobis pirobebis arahumanur da Rvevs Tu ara qceva an qmedeba
damamcirebel xasiaTs, saCivrebiT, me-3 muxls.
romelTa Tanaxmadac deportacia • me-3 muxli moicavs rogorc
deportirebul pirs daayenebda arsebiT, aseve procedurul
araadamianuri mopyrobis safrTxis aspeqtebs, rogoric aris wame-
winaSe mimReb, mesame saxelmwifoSi, basa da araadamianur mopyro-
da mTavrdeba saCivrebiT, romelTa basTan dakavSirebuli prima
Tanaxmadac, sasamarTloebma ver Se- facie pretenzia.

53
 • me-3 muxli SesaZloa dairRves moxvdes me-3 muxlis moqmedebis
rogorc ganzrax arasaTanado sferoSi. TumcaRa, aseve aRiarebul
mopyrobiT, aseve konkretu- iqna, rom, erTis mxriv, uxeS mopyro-
li qmedebis ganxorcielebis basa da, meores mxriv, me-3 muxlis
an dacvis adekvaturi stan- darRvevas Soris gamavali gamyofi
dartebis ugulebelyofiT an zRvris dadgena SesaZloa zogierT
ganuxorcieleblobiT. SemTxvevaSi Zneli aRmoCndes.8
me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebul cno-
• me-3 muxli awesebs negatiur bil saqmeSi Ireland v. the United
da pozitiur valdebulebebs: Kingdom9 sasamarTlom ganmarta,
rac moiazrebs calkeul rom sisastikis minimaluri zRvris
qmedebaTa ganxorcielebisa- Sefaseba SefardebiTia: igi damo-
gan Tavis Sekavebis valde- kidebulia saqmis yvela garemoe-
8 McCallum v. the United Kingdom, 1989 wlis
bulebasa da valdebulebas, baze, rogoricaa: mopyrobis xan-
4 maisis moxseneba, seria A # 183, gv. 29. uzrunvelyofil iqnes adami- grZlivoba, fizikuri da sulieri
9 Ireland v. the United Kingdom, 1978 wlis anis uflebaTa da piris akr- Sedegebi, zogierT SemTxvevaSi
18 ianvari, seria A # 25. Zaluli mopyrobisagan dacva. msxverplis sqesi, asaki da jan-
10 iqve, 162-e punqti.
mrTelobis mdgomareoba.10 xsenebu-
11 sxva magaliTebTan erTad ix. Ireland v.
the United Kingdom, gv. 65; da uaxlesi me-3 muxlis moqmedebis li sityvebi araerTxel iqna game-
saqme Tekin v. Turkey, 1998 wlis 9 ivni- sfero orebuli sasamarTlos preceden-
sis ganaCeni, ECHR 1998-IV, 52-e punqti; tul samarTalSi. 11 Soering-is
Keenan v. the United Kingdom, 2001 wlis 3 saqmeze gamotanil ganaCenSi, sasa-
aprilis ganaCeni, me-20 punqti; DE MINIMIS-is wesi marTlom damatebiT aRniSna, rom
Valašinas v. Lithuania, 2001 wlis 24 ivli-
sis ganaCeni, 120-e punqti; da gan- yvela tipis uxeSi mopyroba ar sisastike `damokidebulia saqmis
sakuTrebiT, wamebasTan dakavSirebu- xvdeba me-3 muxlis moqmedebis sfe- yvela garemoebaze, rogoricaa: mopy-
li saqme Labita v. Italy, 2000 wlis 6 apri- roSi. strasburgis sasamarTlom robisa Tu dasjis xasiaTi da konte-
lis ganaCeni, ECHR 2000-IV, 120-e punqti.
Tavidanve ganmarta, rom arasaTana- qsti, misi aRsrulebis xerxi da me-
12 Soering v. the United Kingdom, 1989 wlis
7 ivlisis ganaCeni, seria A # 161, do mopyrobam unda miaRwios mini- Todi~, iseve rogorc zemoxsenebu-
me-100 punqti. malur zRvars imisaTvis, raTa li faqtorebi.12

54
 strasburgis sistemis mier aseve mopyrobad, SesaZloa aseve cvale-
aRiarebul iqna, rom is, rac miC- badi iyos sxvadasxva adgilebSi.
neulia dauSvebel arasaTanado komisiam aRniSna:
“calkeul mowmeTa Cvenebebidan naTlad Cans, rom patimrobaSi myofi
piris mimarT rogorc policiis, aseve samxedro xelisuflebis warmo-
madgenelTa mxridan ganxorcielebuli mopyrobis garkveuli uxeSoba
Sewynarebulia (daSvebulia) umetesi patimrebis mier da zogjer Cveu-
lebriv movlenadac ki aRiqmeba. xsenebuli xazs usvams im faqts, rom
zRvari, romlis qvemoTac patimrebsa da sazogadoebas SeuZliaT Sei-
wynaron fizikuri Zaladoba, rogorc ara sastiki da zRvargadalaxu-
li, cvalebadobs sxvadasxva sazogadoebebs da TviT sazogadoebis sx-
vadasxva nawilebs Sorisac ki”.13
mniSvnelovania, rom sxvadasxva bis Sedegad, yovelTvis damokide-
sazogadoebebsa da sazogadoebis bulia piris kulturaze.
calkeul warmomadgenlebs SesaZloa TumcaRa, arasaTanado mopyrobis
gaaCndeT gansxvavebuli warmodgena sferosa da me-3 muxliT garantire- 13 Greek-is saqme, 1969 wlis 5 noemberi,
arasaTanado mopyrobis cnebasTan bul dacvaSi, naTelia, rom adgili weliwdeuli XII, gv. 501.
14 miRebuli standartebis gamovlena,
dakavSirebiT. konkretuli mopy- aqvs im standartebisa da praqtikis
kerZod, im standartebisa, romlebic
roba, romelic mimarTulia, magali- daaxloebas, romelsac mivyavarT gamoiyeneba yvela saxis patimrebTan
Tad, qalebisa da bavSvebis winaaRm- SedarebiT did obieqturobamde mopyrobisas, saukeTesod aris asaxuli
deg religiur da kulturul dogma- minimaluri zRvris Sefasebisas.14 wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis (CPT)
moxsenebebSi da aseve mis moxsenebebsa
Ta gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZloa wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis da rekomendaciebSi saukeTeso praq-
garkveuli jgufis mier ganxilul (CPT) saqmianobam, romelsac Cven tikebTan dakavSirebiT. CPT-s mox-
iqnes rogorc ufro sastiki, sxva detalurad ganvixilavT mogvi- senebebis mosaZieblad mimarTeT veb
jgufisagan gansxvavebiT. fsiqolo- anebiT, mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli gverds http://www.CPT.coe.int/, da ker-
Zod, mis moxsenebas: wamebis sawinaaRm-
giuri Sedegebis xarisxi, romelic in- zemoxsenebuls patimarTa mopyro- dego komitetis zogadi moxsenebebis
divids miadga konkretuli mopyro- bis sferoSi. `gancalkevebul~ (“Substantive”) Tavebi.

55
 gansazRvreba
me-3 muxlSi arsebuli akrZalvis bulad. Greek-is saqmeze adamianis
sami farTo sfero miCneul iqna uflebaTa evropuli komisiis mier
rogorc gansxvavebulad, magram gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad:
amavdroulad urTierTdakavSire-
“aSkaraa, rom SesaZlebelia adgili hqondes mopyrobas, romelsac yve-
la xsenebuli aRwera miesadageba, radgan yvela wameba unda iyos
aradaamianuri da damamcirebeli, xolo araadamianuri mopyroba –
damamcirebeli”.
imis dasadgenad, Tu ra saxis ba me-3 muxliT gansazRvruli Ti-
qmedebaa akrZaluli da, Tu rogor Toeuli sityvis qveS. me-3 muxli Se-
unda iqnes klasificirebuli, auci- saZloa daiyos 5 Semadgenel nawilad:
lebelia SevicnoT, Tu ra igulisxme-
• wameba • mopyroba
• araadamianuri • dasja
• damamcirebeli

wameba
wamebas, rogorc iuridiul ter- ufro konkretulad, sasamarT-
mins, gaaCnia sakuTari gancalkevebu- lom CaTvala, rom mizanSewonili
li samarTlebrivi mniSvneloba. sa- iqneboda gansakuTrebuli stigmis
samarTlos azriT, orive terminis – miniWeba ganzrax araadamianuri
`wamebis~ da `araadamianuri an damam- mopyrobis dros, romelic iwvevs
15 iqve, gv. 186. ix. uaxlesi saqme Dikme
cirebeli mopyrobis~ – gamoyenebi- seriozul da sastik tanjvas.16 sasa-
v.Turkey, 2000 wlis 11 ivlisis ganaCe-
ni, 93-e punqti. sas, konvenciis avtorTa mizans war- marTlom miuTiTa gaerTianebuli
16 iqve, 167-e punqti. moadgenda maTi calsaxa gamijvna.15 erebis organizaciis generaluri

56
asambleis 1975 wlis 9 dekembris # 3452 rezoluciis 1-el muxlze, rom-
lis Tanaxmadac:
“wameba warmoadgens sastiki, araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopy-
robis an sasjelis gamwvavebul da ganzrax formas”.
miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianis moiwona gaerTianebuli erebis or-
uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ganizaciis wamebis sawinaaRmdego
gansazRvra is elementebi, rom- konvenciaSi mocemuli gansazRvre-
lebic axasiaTebs mopyrobas an sas- ba. es konvencia ZalaSi Sevida 1987
jels, rogorc wamebas, mas ar ga- wlis 26 ivniss.17 xsenebuli konven-
nusazRvravs zustad es termini. ciis 1-li muxlis Tanaxmad:
TumcaRa, sasamarTlom nawilobriv
“gansazRvreba `wameba~ niSnavs nebismier qmedebas, romliTac rome-
lime pirs ganzrax ayeneben Zlier tkivils an tanjvas, fizikurs da
zneobrivs, raTa misgan an mesame pirisagan miiRon cnobebi an aRiare-
ba, dasajon qmedebisaTvis, romelic man an mesame pirma Caidina, an
romlis CadenaSic igi eWvmitanilia, agreTve daaSinon an aiZulon igi
an mesame piri an nebismieri mizeziT, romelsac safuZvlad udevs ne-
bismieri saxis diskriminacia (xazgasma damatebulia)”.
zemoxsenebulidan SesaZlebe- da ganzrax miyeneba,
lia sami umTavresi elementis gan- • calkeuli miznis ganxor-
sazRvra, romlebic warmoadgens cileba, rogoricaa: informa-
wamebas: ciis mopoveba, dasja an
• sastiki sulieri Tu fiziku- daSineba. 17 ix. gansakuTrebiT, saqme Akkoç v.
ri tkivilis an tanjvis mi- Turkey, 2000 wlis 10 oqtombris gana-
yeneba, Ceni, 115-e punqti; saqme Salman v.
Turkey, 2000 wlis 27 ivnisis ganaCeni,
• tkivilis mizanmimarTulad 114-e punqti.

57
 intensiuroba obieqturi niSnis Tanaxmad ayenebs
pirs tkivils sakmarisi sisastikiT,
sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom
CaiTvleba wamebad, miuxedavad imi-
wamebasa da yvela sxva saxis araada-
sa, es piri mdedrobiTi Tu mamrobi-
mianur mopyrobas Soris gansxvave-
Ti sqesis warmomadgenelia, Zlieri
ba unda gakeTebuliyo `miyenebuli
agebulebisaa Tu ara. xsenebuli sa-
tanjvis sxvadasxvaobis safuZvelze~.
samarTlom ganmarta Selmouni-s18
miyenebuli tanjvis sisastike an in-
saqmeSi, romelSic aRniSna, rom am
tensiuroba SesaZloa Sefasebul
saqmeSi ganxorcielebuli mopyroba
iqnes zemoxsenebul faqtorebze
ara marto Zaladobrivi xasiaTis
miTiTebiT:
iyo, aramed isini nebismieri pirisa-
• xangrZlivoba Tvis, misi mdgomareobis miuxeda-
• fizikuri da sulieri Sedegebi vad, iqneboda Semzaravi da damam-
• msxverplis sqesi, asaki da cirebeli.19
janmrTelobis mdgomareoba pirveli saqme, romelSic konven-
ciis organoebs unda ganexilaT
• aRsrulebis xasiaTi da meTodi.
wamebasTan dakavSirebuli saCivari,
xsenebuli kriteriumebis su- iyo saxelmwifoTaSoriso saqme sa-
bieqturi elementebi – msxverplis berZneTis winaaRmdeg im qmede-
sqesi, asaki da janmrTelobis mdgo- bebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac
mareoba – gamoiyeneba calkeuli axorcielebda im droisaTvis sa-
qmedebis intensiurobis Sefasebi- berZneTis saTaveSi myofi samxedro
saTvis. TumcaRa, Semamsubuqebeli xunta. komisia iyo erTaderTi or-
Zala, rom aseTi fardobiTi faq- gano, romelmac ganixila saCivrebi,
torebia warmodgenili imis Sefase- radganac saberZneTis maSindelma
bisas, warmoadgens Tu ara qmedeba mTavrobam moaxdina konvenciis de-
18 Selmouni v. France, 1998 wlis 28 ivli-
sis ganaCeni, ECHR 1999-V. wamebas, minimumamde unda iqnes nonsireba, gamoZiebis warmarTvidan
19 iqve, 103-e punqti. dayvanili. qmedebebi, romlebic mokle xanSi. TumcaRa, komisiam

58
daadgina, rom adgili hqonda gamarTul mdgomareobaSi,
Falanga-s praqtikas (fexis gulebze muxlebSi gaWimuli da terfe-
cema myari sagniT), sastiki cema, bi Sebrunebuli, rac aiZuleb-
eleqtroSokis gamoyeneba, sikv- da maT cerebze dgomas, ris
diliT dasjis scenis gaTamaSeba da gamoc sxeulis mTeli simZime
msxverplTaTvis srolisa da maTi fexis TiTebze gadadioda~;
mokvlis muqara.20 komisiam daaskv- • Tavsafari: Savi an muqi lur-
na, rom adgili hqonda wamebisa da ji feris tomaris Camocmeva
arasaTanado mopyrobis aqtebs. patimarTa Tavze da, sul
meore saxelmwifoTaSoris saqme- mcire pirvel xanebSi, aseT
Si, Ireland v. the United Kingdom, komi- mdgomareobaSi datoveba da-
siam erTxmad daaskvna, rom winamde-
kiTxvis mTeli periodis gan-
bare saqmeSi e.w. 5 meTodis erTobli-
mavlobaSi;
vad gamoyeneba e.w. `dezorientacia~
Tu `mgrZnobelobis warTmevisken • xmaurisadmi daqvemdebareba:
mimarTuli~ meTodebi warmoadgenda dakiTxvis ganmavlobaSi pati-
araadamianur mopyrobasa da wamebas, marTa iseT oTaxSi moTavseba,
rac arRvevda me-3 muxls. e.w. 5 me- romelSic adgili hqonda gan-
Tods warmoadgenda: grZobad, xmamaRal, sisinis
magvar xmaurs;
• kedelTan dgoma: patimrebis
iZuleba ramdenime saaTis gan- • Zilis aRkveTa: dakiTxvis gamo
mavlobaSi yofiliyvnen patimrebisaTvis Zilis aRkveTa;
`stresul mdgomareobaSi~, • saWmelisa da sasmelis aRkve-
rasac isini, vinc daeqvemde- Ta: patimarTa daqvemdebare-
barnen amgvar qmedebas, aR- ba Semcirebuli dietisadmi
werdnen Semdegnairad: maTi centrSi yofnisa da da-
“kedelTan gamarTuli dgoma, kiTxvebis ganmavlobaSi. 20 Greek-is saqme, komisiis 1969 wlis 5
xelebi Tavs zemoT aweuli noembris moxseneba, weliwdeuli 12.

59
 TumcaRa, sasamarTlo ar dae- ganzraxva
Tanxma komisias da xmaTa umravle-
zemoT ukve aRiniSna, rom sasa-
sobiT mopyroba daakvalificira
marTlos mier gamoyenebul wamebis
rogorc araadamianuri mopyroba da
gansazRvrebaSi wameba aRwerilia
ara – wameba. sasamarTlom daadgi-
rogorc araadamianuri mopyrobis
na, rom, radgan xuTi meTodi gamoy-
ganzraxi forma. saqmeSi Aksoy v.
enebuli iyo erTobliobaSi ganzrax
Turkey, pirvel gadawyvetilebaSi,
da oTxi saaTis ganmavlobaSi, qmede-
romelSic dadginda, rom adgili
bam sul mcire gamoiwvia maTdami
hqonda piris wamebas, sasamarTlom
daqvemdebarebuli pirebis intensi-
aRniSna, rom `xsenebuli mopyroba
uri fizikuri da sulieri tanjva,
mxolod da mxolod ganzrax Sei-
dakiTxvis dros aseve gamoiwvia
Zleboda yofiliyo miyenebuli~.
mwvave fsiqikuri moSliloba. ami-
sasamarTlom ganaviTara Tavisi
tomac isini eqceva araadamianuri
mosazreba da aRniSna, rom
mopyrobis kategoriaSi me-3 muxlis
`garkveuli momzadeba da Zalisxme-
gagebiT. meTodebi aseve iyo damam-
va iyo saWiro qmedebis gansaxor-
cirebeli, radganac isini msxverpl-
cieleblad~. qmedeba, romelzec
Si warmoSobdnen SiSis, tkivilisa
Cven vsaubrobT, warmoadgenda e.w.
da arasrulfasovnebis gancdas,
`palestinur dakidebas~, romlis
romelsac SeeZlo maTi damcireba
drosac msxverpli dakidebulia
da daknineba. amasTan, SesaZlebeli
xelebiT, romelic mas zurgs ukan
iyo maTi fizikuri Tu moraluri
aqvs Sekruli.21
Seuvalobis darRveva. TumcaRa, maT
sul axlaxans saqmeSi Dikme v.
ar gamouwvevia konkretuli inten-
Turkey sasamarTlom aseve daadgina,
sivobisa da sisastikis tanjva, ra-
rom msxverplis winaaRmdeg ganxor-
sac gulisxmobs sityva `wameba~.
21 saqmeze Aksoy v. Turkey1996 wlis 18
cielebuli mopyroba moicavda
dekembers gamotanili ganaCeni, ECHR `sul mcire mraval dartymas da
1996-VI, 26-e tomi, 64-e punqti. wamebis sxva analogiur formebs~.

60
sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom aseTi arebis an informaciis mopovebis
mopyroba ganzrax miayenes b-n mizniT im samarTaldarRvevebTan
dikmes saxelmwifo xelisuflebis dakavSirebiT, romelTa CadenaSic
organoebis warmomadgenlebma Tavi- b-ni dikme iyo eWvmitanili.22 sxva
anTi samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis saqmeebSi, romlebSic adgili hqon-
ganxorcielebis procesSi. da patimarTa wamebas, sasamarTlom
analogiurad daadgina, rom mopy-
mizanswrafuli roba ganxorcielebul iqna dak-
sityva `wameba~ umetes iTxvis dros informaciis an aRiare-
SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba im araada- bis mopovebis mizniT.23
mianuri mopyrobis gamosaxatavad,
ACTUS REUS
romelsac gaaCnia garkveuli miza-
ni, rogoricaa informaciis an aRi- pirvel saqmeSi – Aksoy v. Turkey –
arebis mopoveba, agreTve piris das- romelSic sasamarTlom daadgina
ja. sasamarTlom ramdenjerme aRni- wameba, msxverpli daeqvemdebara
Sna, rom mizanswrafulobis elemen- `palestinur dakidebas,~ sxva sity-
ti aRiarebulia gaerTianebuli vebiT rom vTqvaT, igi gaaSiSvles,
erebis organizaciis 1987 wlis kon- xelebi Seukres zurgs ukan da mkla-
venciaSi mocemul wamebis gan- vebiT dakides, ramac gamoiwvia orive
sazRvrebaSi da, rom gansazRvreba mklavis paralizeba, rac garkveuli
miuTiTebs wamebaze, romelic drois ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda.
gulisxmobs ganzrax Zlieri tkivi- xsenebuli mopyrobis seriozuloba
lis an tanjvis miyenebas, inter alia, da sisastike sasamarTlom daakvali-
informaciis mopovebis, piris das- ficira rogorc wameba.
jis an daSinebis mizniT. Dikme-s saqmeSi Aydin v. Turkey ganmcxade- 22 ix. Akkoç-is saqme, 64-e punqti;
Dikme-s saqme, 95-e punqti.
saqmeze gamotanil ganaCenSi sasa- beli, inter alia, amtkicebda, rom igi 23 ix. saqme Aksoy v. Turkey, 1996 wlis 18
marTlom gansazRvra, rom araadam- gaaupatiures policiaSi dakavebis dekembris ganaCeni, ECHR 1996-VI; da
ianuri mopyroba ganxorcielda aRi- dros. sasamarTlom, moipova ra Akkoç-isa da Salman-is saqmeebi.

61
 mtkicebulebebi, rom gaupatiurebas hqonda adgili, ganacxada:
“saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos warmomadgenlis mier patimris
gaupatiureba unda CaiTvalos araadamianuri mopyrobis gan-
sakuTrebiT mZime da dasagmob formad, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts,
rom damnaSaves advilad SeuZlia msxverplis ususurobisa da susti
winaaRmdegobis gamoyeneba. garda amisa, gaupatiureba tovebs Rrma
fsiqologiur iarebs, romelTa aRmofxvrac ise swrafad ar eqvemde-
bareba drois gasvlas, rogorc fizikuri da sulieri darRvevebis sxva
formebis dros. ganmcxadebelma aseve ganicada mwvave fizikuri tkivi-
li Zaladobrivi gaupatiurebisagan, romelsac masSi unda daetovebi-
na dakninebis grZnoba da ziani miayena mas rogorc fizikuri, aseve
emociuri TvalsazrisiT”.
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom sityvebiT: `naxe, Sen axla simReras
gaupatiureba warmoadgenda kon- gaigoneb~; mas zed daaSardes; amas-
venciis me-3 muxliT akrZalul wame- Tan, daemuqrnen sarCilavi lampiTa
bas. saqmeSi Selmouni v. France ganmc- da nemsiT.24
xadebeli iyo niderlandebis same- rogorc es zemoT iqna aRniSnu-
fosa da marokos moqalaqe, romel- li sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom es
ic daapatimres safrangeTSi. gan- qmedebebi aramarto Zaladobrivi
mcxadebeli daeqvemdebara mraval iyo, aramed isini Semzaravi da damam-
intensiur dartymas sxeulis yvela cirebeli iqneboda yvelasaTvis.
nawilSi. ganmcxadebels TmebiT mopyrobis xangrZlivobis elemen-
iTrevdnen; arbeninebden derefan- ti aseve iqna gaTvaliswinebuli am
Si, xolo orive mxares ganlagebuli saqmeSi. da is faqti, rom zemo-
policielebi fexs udebnen; igi daa- xsenebuli movlenebi ar momxdara
Coqes axalgazrda qalis win, patimrobis mxolod erT gan-
24 ix. 103-e punqti. romelsac viRacam mimarTa Semdegi sazRvrul monakveTSi, aramed xor-

62
cieldeboda mudmivad da warmoad- mas dakiTxvis ramdenime dRis gan-
genda Tavdasxmis Cveulebriv for- mavlobaSi, amZimebda situacias.
“sasamarTlom kidev erTxel daadgina, rom sakmarisi iyo is faqti, rom
erTad aRebulma fizikurma da sulierma Zaladobam, romelic Cade-
nil iqna ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg, gamoiwvia `Zlieri~ tkivili da tan-
jva, rac atarebda gansakuTrebiT seriozul da sastik xasiaTs. aseTi
qmedeba unda CaiTvalos wamebad konvenciis me-3 muxlis miznebisa-
Tvis”.25
saqmeSi Akkoç v. Turkey msxverp- saqmeSi Dikme v. Turkey b-n dikme-
li sxvadasxvagvar mopyrobasTan saTvis miyenebuli dartymebi
erTad daeqvemdebara eleqtro- atarebda iseT xasiaTs, rom
Soks, cxeli da civi wylis proce- gamoewvia rogorc fizikuri, aseve
durebs, dartymebs TavSi da muqa- sulieri tkivili Tu tanjva,
ras misi Svilebis araadamianurad romelic damZimebul SeiZleba
mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniS- iqnes im faqtiT, rom igi sruliad
nulma qmedebam ganmcxadebels izolirebuli iyo da Tvalebi hqon-
dautova SiSisa da daucvelobis da axveuli. amitomac sasamarTlom
xangrZlivi simptomebi, romlebic, daadgina, rom b-n dikmes moepyrnen
diagnozis Tanaxmad, warmoadgenda imgvarad, rom masSi gamoewviaT Si-
post-travmatul stresul moS- Sis, daucvelobisa da ususurobis
lilobas da moiTxovda mkurnalo- grZnoba, romelic daamcirebda da
bas samedicino preparatebiT. iseve daabeCavebda mas da Seasustebda
rogorc Selmouni-s saqmeSi, wamebis misi winaaRmdegobis gawevis unarsa
dadgenisas sasamarTlom gaiTvali- da neba-survils. sasamarTlom
swina ganmcxadeblis mier gancdili mxedvelobaSi miiRo aseve mopyro-
arasaTanado mopyrobis sisastike bis xangrZlivoba da aRniSna, rom
da arsebuli garemoebebi. qmedeba xorcieldeboda xangrZlivi 25 iqve, 105-e punqti.

63
 dakiTxvis procedurebis procesSi, li mTlianobaSi da aseve misi mizni-
romelsac igi eqvemdebareboda sa da xangrZlivobis gaTvali-
policiaSi patimrobis dros. in- swinebiT, iyo gansakuTrebiT seri-
formaciis mopovebis mizniT mopy- ozuli da sastiki da SeeZlo
robis ganzrax ganxorcielebis pa- gamoewvia `Zlieri~ tkivili da tan-
ralelurad, sasamarTlom daadgi- jva. amitom, qmedeba warmoadgenda
na, rom ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg wamebas konvenciis me-3 muxlis mniS-
ganxorcielebuli mopyroba aRebu- vnelobiT.

araadamianuri an damamcirebeli
arasaTanado mopyroba, romelic Tan dakavSirebuli yvela Sefaseba,
ar warmoadgens wamebas, radganac xsenebulis Sefasebac warmoebs
mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi intensivoba fardobiTobis safuZvelze.26
an mizani, kvalificirebuli iqneba Greek-is saqmeze gamotanil ga-
rogorc araadamianuri an damam- dawyvetilebaSi komisiam ganacxada,
cirebeli. iseve rogorc me-3 muxl- rom
“araadamianuri mopyrobis cneba sul mcire moicavs iseT mopyrobas,
romelic ganzrax iwvevs Zlier sulier Tu fizikur tanjvas, rac
calkeul garemoebebSi gaumarTlebelia”.
sasamarTlom mopyroba `araada- araadamianuri mopyrobis bevri ma-
mianurad~ miiCnia, radganac inter alia galiTi wamoiWreba patimrobis peri-
igi winaswar iyo Cafiqrebuli da odSi, ra drosac patimrebi dae-
dagegmili, xorcieldeboda oTxi qvemdebarnen arasaTanado mopyro-
saaTis ganmavlobaSi da gamoiwvia bas, romelic sastik xasiaTs atareb-
rogorc sxeulis realuri da, magram ar iyo iseTi intensivo-
26 sxva magaliTebTan erTad ix. saqmeze Tekin
v. Turkey 1998 wlis 9 ianvars gamotanili
dazianeba, aseve intensiuri bis, rac moiTxoveba mopyrobis wame-
ganaCeni, ECHR 1998-IV, 52-e punqti. fizikuri da sulieri tanjva. bad dakvalificirebisaTvis.

64
 xsenebuli aseve SesaZlebelia lic, rogorc amboben, warmoSobs
gamoiyenebodes patimrobis gareT msxverplSi SiSis, tkivilisa da ar-
momxdar mTel rig qmedebaTa mima- asrulfasovnebis gancdas, romel-
rT, rodesac msxverpli eqvemde- sac SeuZlia misi damcireba da da-
bareba ganzrax sastik qmedebebs, knineba. ganmartebis Tanaxmad,
romlebic mas ayenebs gan- damamcirebeli mopyroba aseve
sakuTrebul tkivils. b-n askeris, moicavs mopyrobas, romelic ar-
q-n selCukis, q-n dulasisa da b-n Rvevs msxverplis fizikur Tu su-
bilginis saqmeebSi ganmcxadebelTa lier xelSeuvalobas,28 an aiZulebs
saxlebi dangreul da ganadgure- msxverpls, imoqmedos Tavisi sur-
bul iqna uSiSroebis Zalebis mier, vilis an sindisis sawinaaRmdegod.29
romlebic axorcielebdnen opera- imis ganxilvisas, aris Tu ara sas-
cias im midamoebSi, romlebSic gan- jeli an mopyroba `damamcirebeli~
mcxadeblebi cxovrobdnen. rogorc me-3 muxlis mniSvnelobiT, mxed-
komisiam, ise sasamarTlom daadgi- velobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli, war-
na, rom saxlebis ganadgureba war- moadgens Tu ara sasjelis an mopy-
moadgenda Zaladobriv qmedebasa robis mizans Sesabamisi piris dam-
da ganzrax ganadgurebas, romelic cireba an daknineba, xolo, rac Se-
27 Selçuk and Asker v. Turkey, 1998 wlis 24
ganxorcielda ganmcxadeblis usa- exeba Sedegebs, iqonia Tu ara man
aprilis ganaCeni, ECHR 1998-II, gv. 19,
frTxoebisa da keTildReobis sru- uaryofiTi zegavlena mis piro- 78-epunqti; Dulas v. Turkey, 2001 wlis
li nivelirebis fonze, romlebic vnebaze im saxiT, romelic ar Seesa- 30 ianvris ganaCeni, 55-e punqti; Bilgin
datovebul iqnen TavSesafris bameba me-3 muxls.30 TumcaRa, aseTi v. Turkey, 2000 wlis 16 noemberi, 103-e
punqti.
gareSe im garemoSi, romelmac ga- miznis arqonas ar SeuZlia gamor- 28 Ireland v. the United Kingdom, gv. 66, 167-e
moiwvia maTSi tkivili da tanjva.27 icxos me-3 muxlis darRvevis dadgena. punqti.
xsenebuli warmoadgenda araadami- iseT faqtorebs, rogoric aris 29 Greek-is saqmeze arsebuli komisiis
anur mopyrobas konvenciis me-3 mux- msxverplis asaki da sqesi, SeuZli- daskvna, IV Tavi, gv. 186.
30 saqmeze Ranninen v. Finland 1997 wlis
lis mniSvnelobiT. aT didi zegavlena moaxdinos imis 16 dekembers gamotanili ganaCeni,
damamcirebelia qmedeba, rome- Sefasebisas, mopyroba damamcire- ECHR 1997-VIII, gv. 2821-22, 55-e punqti.

65
 belia Tu ara. amis sapirispirod, xsenebuli sasjeli moicavda Seu-
imis analizi, rom mopyroba araada- racxyofisa da damcirebis ele-
mianuria, Tu igi wamebas warmoad- ments da miaRwia im zRvars, romel-
gens, ufro subieqturia. am konte- sac gulisxmobs cneba `damamcire-
qstSi sasamarTlom aseve daadgina, beli sasjeli~.
rom SesaZloa sakmarisi aRmoCndes maSin, rodesac iseTi faqtore-
is faqti, rom msxverpli damcire- bi, rogoricaa sajarooba, romelic
bul iqna sakuTar TvalSi, Tundac Tan axlavs konkretul mopyrobas,
sxvis TvalSi ar iyos damcirebuli. SesaZloa mniSvnelovani iyos imis
sasamarTlos mier ganxilul erT- Sefasebisas, iyo Tu ara sasjeli
erT saqmeSi31 15 wlis biWs miesaja `damamcirebeli~ me-3 muxlis mniS-
sxeulebrivi sasjeli, kerZod, sami vnelobiT, sajaroobis ararseboba
dartyma tirifis rozgiT. ganmc- ar gamoricxavs aucileblad moce-
xadebels unda Caexada Sarvali da muli sasjelis am kategoriaSi
trusebi, gadaxriliyo magidaze, moxvedras.
romlis meore mxridanac mas ori
policieli daiWerda, mesame ki aRa- mopyroba sasjelis winaaRmdeg
srulebda sasjels, tirifis rozgi qcevebisa da qmedebaTa ume-
tydeboda pirvelive dartymaze. tesoba, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba
ganmcxadeblis mamam dakarga kon- me-3 muxls, SesaZloa dakvali-
troli sakuTar Tavze da `gaiwia~ ficirebul iqnes, rogorc `mopy-
erT-erT policielze, amitomac roba~. TumcaRa, calkeul garemoe-
saWiro gaxda misi Sekaveba. garozg- bebSi igi aSkarad warmoadgens sas-
vam gauwiTla, magram ar gauWra gan- jelis formas, romelic misjili
mcxadebels kani, romelsac aqvs msxverpls da unda ganisazRv-
tkivilebi hqonda amis Semdgom kvi- ros es sasjeli araadamianuria Tu
31 Costello-Roberts v. the United Kingdom, ra-naxevris ganmavlobaSi. damamcirebeli.
seria A # 247-C, gv. 59, 30-e punqti. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom maSin rodesac SesaZlebelia imis

66
mtkiceba, rom bunebrivi Seuracx- sargeblobs garkveuli diskreciiT
yofa Tan axlavs sasjels per se aRi- an mas gaaCnia Sefasebis zRvari, Tu
arebulia, rom absurdi iqneboda ra `sasjeli~ unda daakisros msja-
dagvedgina TiTqos sasamarTlos vrdebuls. miuxedavad amisa,
mier gamotanili sasjeli, im rogorc Cven zemoT davinaxeT, 1978
mizezis gamo, rom mas Tan axlavs wels sasamarTlom daadgina, rom
damcirebis elementi, warmoadgens sasamarTlos mier mcirewlovan dam-
`damamcirebels~ me-3 muxlis mniS- naSaveTa sxeulebrivi dasjis siste-
vnelobiT. sasamarTlo sa- ma, romelic moqmedebda gaer-
marTlianad iTxovs, rom raime sxva Tianebul samefoSi, arRvevda me-3
kriteriumi moiazrebodes teqstSi. muxls.
sinamdvileSi me-3 muxli, romelic sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom
aSkarad krZalavs `araadamianur~ da xsenebuli gadawyvetilebis miRe-
`damamcirebel~ sasjels, gulisx- bis safuZvels warmoadgenda is
mobs, rom arsebobs gansxvaveba aseT faqti, rom sasamarTlo sxeule-
sasjelsa da zogad sasjels Soris. brivi sasjeli xasiaTdeba imiT, rom
amitomac araadamianuri mopyro- igi moiazrebs erTi adamianis mier
bis akrZalvas aucileblad ara aqvs meore adamianze fizikuri Zalado-
raime Sexeba sasamarTlos mier Se- bis ganxorcielebas. damatebiT
fardebul sasjelTan, Tundac es unda aRiniSnos, rom sasamarTlom
sasjeli mkacri iyos. sasamarTlom ganixila xsenebuli, rogorc in-
aRniSna, rom mxolod da mxolod stitucionalizebuli Zaladoba,
gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi aris Sesa- romelic nebadarTulia kanoniT,
Zlebeli, sasamarTlos mier Se- nabrZanebia saxelmwifo sasamarT-
fardebulma mZime sasjelma wamoW- lo xelisuflebis mier da ganxor-
ras sakiTxi me-3 muxlTan mimarTe- cielebulia saxelmwifos sapoli-
baSi. swored am SemTxvevaSi Segvi- cio xelisuflebis warmomadgenel-
Zlia vamtkicoT, rom saxelmwifo Ta mier. sasamarTlom aseve daadgi-

67
 na, rom Zaladobis institucional- iseT zRvars miaRwia, rom warmoad-
izebuli xasiaTi SemdgomSi ufro genda damamcirebel mopyrobasa da
rTuldeboda oficialuri proce- sasjels konvenciis me-3 muxlis
duriT, romelic Tan axlda sasjels mniSvnelobiT. komisiam CaTvala,
da aseve im faqtiT, rom isini, rom- rom saxelmwifo pasuxismgebeli
lebic axorcielebdnen mas, iyvnen iyo arasaTanado mopyrobisaTvis,
absoluturad ucxoebi samar- radganac inglisis samarTlebrivi
TaldamrRvevisaTvis. sistema iTvaliswinebda amis ufle-
amgvarad, miuxedavad imisa, rom bas da ar iZleoda xsenebulis ga-
ganmcxadebels ar ganucdia mZime an mosworebis efeqtian saSualebas.32
xangrZlivi fizikuri Sedegebi, misi institucionalizebuli mopyro-
sasjeli – romlis drosac igi war- bis meore sfero, romelic ganxi-
moadgenda obieqts, romliskenac lul unda iqnes me-3 muxlis qolgis
xelisuflebis Zalaufleba iyo mi- qveS, aris iZulebiTi samedicino
marTuli – warmoadgenda Tavdasx- mkurnaloba. Tumca sasamarTlom
mas mis Rirsebasa da fizikur Seu- aRniSna, rom `medicinis arsebul
valobaze. sasamarTlom aseve mniS- praqtikas~ gaaCnia upiratesi Zala
vnelovnad CaTvala is faqti, rom imis Sefasebisa, aseTi mopyroba neba-
xsenebul sasjels SesaZloa moh- darTulia Tu ara, sasamarTlom
yoloda arasasurveli fsiqologiu- daaskvna, rom zogadi wesis Tanax-
ri Sedegebi. mad, RonisZieba, romelic warmoad-
sasjelis analogiuri gamoyeneba gens Terapevtul aucileblobas, ar
skolebSi aseve miCneul iqna damam- SeiZleba CaiTvalos araadamianurad
cireblad. komisiis azriT, moce- an damamcireblad.33
mul saqmeSi ganxorcielebulma sruliad gasagebia, rom sasamarT-
32 Y v. the United Kingdom, 1991 wlis 8 sasjelma, mas miayena mniSvnelova- lo, romelic konkretulad axor-
oqtomberi, seria A # 247-A; 17 EHRR 233.
33 Herczegfalvy v. Austria, 1992 wlis 24
ni fizikuri dazianeba da Seuracx- cielebs sazedamxedvelo funqcias
seqtemberi, seria A # 24, 82-e punqti. yofa, romelmac seriozulobis gansakuTrebul survils ar gamoTq-

68
vams, Caerios samedicino eqspertizis soluturi ufleba irRveva Tu ara im
sferoSi, sadac mas ar gaaCnia konkre- dros, rodesac pirs aiZuleben dae-
tuli kompetencia. erovnuli sasa- qvemdebaros calkeul samedicino
marTloebi aseve Zalian frTxiloben mkurnalobas. xsenebul sakiTxebTan
am sferoSi CarevasTan dakavSirebiT. dakavSirebiT SedarebiT farTo
miuxedavad amisa, kargi iqneboda, konsesusis ganviTareba aseve dagvex-
erovnul mosamarTleebsa da proku- mareba imis dadgenaSi, iZulebiTi sa-
rorebs gaeTvaliswinebinaT rCeva, medicino mkurnaloba iqneba Tu ara
raTa yuradReba daeTmoT am sferosa- piris Rirsebaze Tavdasxma.
Tvis, masTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli
kanonmdeblobis ganviTarebisa da me-3 muxli konvenciis
nebismieri midgomis SejerebisaTvis im konteqstSi
standartebTan dakavSirebiT, rom-
lebic gamoiyeneba am sferoSi. SeimCneva
sasamarTlom Tanmimdevrulad
imnormaTamzardiraodenoba,romlebic
da araerTxel daayena me-3 muxli,
dadgenilia da miRebulia minimaluri wamebisa da araadamianuri mopyro-
standartebis mqone rezoluciebisa da bis akrZalva, me-2 muxlis – sicocx-
rekomendaciebis saSualebiT, rom- lis uflebis – gverdiT rogorc
lebic exeba pacientebis mopyrobas, konvenciiT daculi erT-erTi
kerZod, fsiqiatriul pacientebsa da yvelaze fundamenturi ufleba,
patimrobaSi myof pacientebs.34 romlis umTavres mizans warmoad-
amJamad mimdinare debatebSi, rom- gens piris Rirsebisa da fizikuri
lebsac SeuZlia fokusireba moaxdi- xelSeuxeblobis dacva.
nos iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa re- konvenciis sxva zogierTi mux-
ligiuri TvalTaxedva samedicino lisagan gansxvavebiT, me-3 muxli
mkurnalobasa da evTanaziasTan Camoyalibebulia absoluturi da 34 saparlamento asambleis 1235 (1994)
dakavSirebiT, wamoiWreba kiTxva imas- SeuzRudavi debulebebiT. magali- rekomendacia fsiqiatriisa da adami-
Tan dakavSirebiT, piris Rirsebis ab- Tad, me-8_me-11 muxlebis sapiris- anis uflebebis Sesaxeb.

69
 pirod ar aris warmodgenili meore gamoyenebas. sasamarTlom ramdeni-
punqti, romelic adgens garemoe- mejer gaimeora, rom TviT yvelaze
bebs, rodesac nebadarTulia wame- rTul garemoebebSic ki, rogoricaa
bis, araadamianuri an damamcirebe- terorizmisa da organizebuli da-
li mopyrobis an sasjelis ganxor- naSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola, kon-
cieleba. amitom, kanoniT ar aris vencia absoluturi debulebebiT
dadgenili am debulebis raime sax- krZalavs wamebasa da araadamianur
iT SezRudva. an damamcirebel mopyrobas an sas-
me-3 muxlis SeuzRudavi de- jels. Caidina Tu ara pirma tero-
bulebebi aseve niSnavs, rom konven- ristuli aqti Tu sxva seriozuli
ciisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis sisxlis samarTlebrivi danaSauli,
Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba raime an eWvmitanilia mis CadenaSi, yov-
gamarTleba moeZebnos qmedebebs, lad Seusabamoa imis gansazRvrisa-
romlebic arRvevs am muxls. sxva Tvis, am pirisadmi ganxorcielebu-
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ar SeiZleba li mopyroba arRvevs Tu ara arasa-
arsebobdes raime saxis faqtorebi, Tanado mopyrobis akrZalvas.
romlebic Sida kanonmdeblobis sasamarTlo uSvebs, rom arse-
Tanaxmad aRiqmeba, rogorc akrZa- bobs aSkara siZneleebi, romlebic
luli qcevis ganxorcielebis axasiaTebs danaSaulTan brZolas,
gamarTleba, an msxverplis qceva, kerZod, iseT danaSaulebTan brZo-
damnaSaveze zewola gamoZiebis win las, rogoricaa organizebuli dana-
wawevis an danaSaulis aRkveTis Sauli da terorizmi. sasamarTlo
mizniT, an nebismieri gareSe gare- aseve aRiarebs, aseT danaSaulTa
moeba Tu sxva faqtori. gamoZiebis aucileblobas. amasTan
sasamarTlo Tanmimdevrulad dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo uSvebs,
Cqarobs Seaxsenos saxelmwifoebs, rom aseT danaSaulTa gamoZiebisas
rom msxverplis qceva ar SeiZleba calkeuli gamonaklisebi mtkice-
amarTlebdes akrZaluli qcevis bulebebTan dakavSirebul wesebsa

70
da procesualur uflebebTan mima- pirobebs an sasjeli gulisxmobs
rTebaSi SesaZloa daSvebul iqnes. elementebs, romlebic scdeba pa-
TumcaRa, swored imave siZneleebs timrobas, es pirobebi unda Sefas-
ar SeuZlia raime saxiT gamoiwvios des me-3 muxlTan Sesabamisobis
SezRudvebis daweseba pirTa TvalsazrisiT.
fizikuri Seuvalobis dacvasTan me-3 muxlSi moxseniebuli abso-
mimarTebaSi. dakiTxvisa da in- luturi SezRudva aseve niSnavs,
terviuebis dros arasaTanado mopy- rom misgan gadaxveva dauSvebelia
robis gamoyenebis akrZalva, aseTi saomari mdgomareobis drosac ki.
mopyrobis Sedegad mopovebuli in- maSin, rodesac konvenciis me-15 mux-
formaciis gamoyenebis akrZalvas- li uflebas aZlevs saxelmwifoebs
Tan erTad, rCeba absoluturad.35 saomari an sxva saxis sagangebo mdgo-
analogiurad, miuxedavad gan- mareobisas gadauxvion aucilebeli
saxilveli danaSaulebisa, saxel- moculobiT dacvis im normaluri
mwifoebs ar gaaCniaT uflebamo- standartebidan, romlebic uzrun-
sileba, pirs Seufardon an dauwe- velyofilia konvenciisa da misi
son sasjelebi imis safuZvelze, oqmebis umetesi muxlebiT, ar arse-
rom maT eqnebaT gansxvavebuli Se- bobs debuleba, romlis Tanaxmadac
degebi, rodesac sasjeli winaaRm- SesaZlebeli iqneboda me-3 muxli-
degobaSi mova me-3 muxlTan.36 am dan gadaxveva. ufro konkretulad,
konteqstSi unda aRiniSnos, rom me-15 muxlis me-2 punqti naTlad gan-
sasamarTlo Carevisagan Tavs sazRvravs, rom sagangebo mdgoma-
ikavebda mxolod im safuZvelze, reobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki,
rom sasamarTlos mier Sefardebu- romelic emuqreba eris sicocxles,
li sasjeli mkacria Sefardebuli saxelmwifos, romelmac xeli moa-
patimrobis xangrZlivobis gaTva- wera konvencias, ufleba ara aqvs me- 35 Tomasi v. France, 1992 wlis 27 agvistos
ganaCeni, seria A # 241-A, 115-e punqti.
liswinebiT. TumcaRa, im SemTxveva- 3 muxlis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmde- 36 ix. Tyrer-is saqme, gv. 15. aseve qvemoT
Si, Tuki patimroba moicavs mkacr go raime saxiT arasaTanadod ix. wamebis akrZalvis gadawyvetileba.

71
 moepyras pirs.37 konfliqtis an te- tanili piri, romelmac Tavi aarida
roristuli Zaladobis aranairi done marTlmsajulebas an safrTxes uqm-
ar amcirebs piris uflebas, daculi nis deportaciis ganmxorcielebeli
iyos arasaTanado mopyrobisagan. saxelmwifos erovnul usafrTxoe-
pirobebis ararsebobas zeteri- bas, araferi gaaTavisuflebda
toriuli gavlena gaaCnia. igi icavs saxelmwifos misi pasuxismgeblobi-
pirs arasaTanado mopyrobisagan sagan, ar gadasces piri meore
wevri saxelmwifos teritoriebis saxelmwifos, sadac mas emuqreba ara-
gareTac ki da im pirebis mier, saTanado mopyrobis realuri sa-
romelTa qmedebazec wevri saxelmwi- frTxe.
fo ar aris pasuxismgebeli. garkveu- dasasruls, unda aRiniSnos, rom
li raodenobis saqmeebi exeba pirTa absoluturi akrZalva Tanabrad
gaZevebisa da deportaciis sakiTxebs. exeba samedicino safuZvelze dapa-
im saqmeebSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom timrebul pirTa SemTxvevebs da/an
SesaZlebelia arsebobdes iseTi faq- maT daqvemdebarebas samedicino
torebi, rogoricaa adremiRebuli mkurnalobisaTvis. saqmeSi, romel-
xelSekruleba eqstradiciis Se- Sic adgili hqonda amgvar mopyro-
saxeb, imis saWiroeba, rom samarTal- basTan dakavSirebul saCivars, sasa-
Si mieces terorizmis CadenaSi eWvmi- marTlom kidev erTxel gaimeora:
“marTalia, samedicino personalzea damokidebuli, miiRos gadawy-
vetileba, aRiarebuli samedicino normebis safuZvelze, im Terapiu-
li meTodebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gamoyenebul unda iqnes, saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi iZulebiTac ki, rom dacul iqnes im pacientis fizikuri
37 Ireland v. the United Kingdom, 1978 wlis da sulieri janmrTeloba, romelsac absoluturad ar SeuZlia gada-
18 ianvris ganaCeni, seria A #25, 163-e wyvetilebis miReba da, amitomac, maTze samedicino personalia pa-
punqti; Selmouni v. France, ECHR 1999-V,
95-e punqti.
suxismgebeli, miuxedavad amisa, aseTi pacientebi rCebian da im-
38 Herczegfalvy v. Austria, 1992 wlis 24 se- yofebian me-3 muxlis dacvis qveS, romlis moTxovnebic ar iZleva
qtemberi, seria A # 24, 82-e punqti. gadaxvevis aranair saSualebas”38 (xazgasma damatebulia).

72
me-3 muxlis cxovrebaSi gamoyeneba

patimroba yofebian im safrTxis qveS, rom maT

winaaRmdeg Zalauflebas borotad
situacia, romlis drosac adgi- gamoiyeneben. amitomac xsenebuli
li aqvs me-3 muxlis yvelaze xSir kontrolis ganxorcieleba unda
darRvevas, xdeba patimarTa mopy- eqvemdebarebodes mkacr gamokvle-
robasTan mimarTebaSi. am SemTxveva- vas konvenciis standartebTan Sesa-
Si me-3 muxliT dakisrebuli valde- bamisobis TvalsazrisiT. cotaoden
bulebebi naTeli da calsaxad Sesa- gakvirvebas iwvevs, rom wamebis sa-
bamisia. amitomac swored policiis, winaaRmdego komitets (CPT) calsa-
SeiaraRebuli da uSiSroebis Zaleb- xad gaaCnia imis ufleba, rom moinaxu-
isa da cixis administraciis warmo- los patimrobaSi myofi pirebi, raTa
madgenelTa qmedebebTan mimaTeba- ga-moikvlios maT mimarT ganxor-
Si xdeba imis gamoZieba, arRvevs Tu cielebuli mopyroba im mizniT, rom
ara xsenebuli qmedebebi me-3 mux- gaaZlieros, Tuki arsebobs amis auci-
ls. Tumca aq SeiZleba agreTve moi- lebloba, aseT pirTa dacva wamebisa
azrebodnen pirebi, romlebic mon- da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli
awileobas iRebdnen `samoqalaqo pa- mopyrobis an sasjelisagan.39
timrobaSi~, isini, visac Sexeba aqvT im pirebTan mimarTebaSi, rom-
samedicino, kerZod ki fsiqi- lebsac aRkveTili aqvT Tavisuf-
atriul pacientebTan. leba, sawyisi wertili imis Sefase-
isini, visac aRukveTes Tavisuf- bisas, adgili hqonda Tu ara arasa-
leba, ris gamoc imyofebian xelisuf- Tanado mopyrobas, pirvel rigSi,
lebis organoebis sruli kontrolis warmoadgens imis dadgena saerTod 39 wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropuli kon-
qveS, arian yvelaze ususurebi da im- gamoyenebul iqna Tu ara fizikuri venciis 1-li muxli.

73
 Zala patimarTan mimarTebaSi. sasa- Tuki dazianebebi dakavSirebulia
marTlos mier dadgenil praqtikul patimrobis periodTan an faqtTan da
meTods warmoadgens is, rom fiziku- gamowveulia xelisuflebis warmo-
ri Zalis gamoyeneba, romelic ar yo- madgenelTa mier ganxorcielebuli
fila mkacrad aucilebeli da Zalis Sedegad, maSin patimrobis gan-
gamowveuli patimris qceviT, prin- mxorcielebelma xelisuflebis or-
cipSi warmoadgens me-3 muxlSi war- ganoebma unda SeZlon daamtkicon,
modgenili uflebis darRvevas.40 rom es gamowveuli iyo patimris pi-
xsenebuli gamomdinareobs im faqti- radi qceviT da gamoyenebuli iqna
dan, rom me-3 muxlis mizans warmoad- mxolod is Zala, romelic absolu-
gens piris Rirsebisa da fizikuri turad aucilebeli iyo. mtkicebis
Seuvalobis dacva da amitomac tvirTi myarad awevT patimrobis gan-
fizikuri Zalis nebismieri gamo- mxorcielebel xelisuflebis orga-
40 Ribitsch v. Austria, 1995 wlis 4 dekem- yeneba amcirebs piris Rirsebas.41 noebs, raTa warmoadginon jerovani
bris ganaCeni, moxsenebebi ganaCeneb- axsna-ganmarteba, Tu saidan gaCnda
sa da gadawyvetilebebze (1996 w.), gv. fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebis erT-
26, 34-e punqti; Tekin-is saqme, gv. 1517-18, erTi yvelaze ufro naTeli miniSneba dazianebebi. warmodgenili mtkice-
52-e da 53-e punqtebi; da Assenov and iqneba dazianebebis xilvadi niSnebi bulebebi Sefasebul unda iqnes maTi
Others v. Bulgaria, 1998 wlis 28 oqtom- sarwmunoobis mixedviT, xolo gare-
an SesamCnevi fsiqologiuri travma.
bris ganaCeni, moxsenebebi 1998-VIII, moebebi – maTi me-3 muxlTan Sesaba-
94-e punqti. rodesac patimari amJRavnebs
41 iqve . dazianebebis niSnebs an mas aReniS- misobidan gamomdinare.42
42 saqmeze Tomasi v. France 1992 wlis 27 neba janmrTelobis Seryeva gaTavi-
ianvars gamotanili ganaCeni, seria A dakaveba da dakiTxva
# 241-A, gv. 40-41, 108-e_111-e punqte-
suflebis Semdgom an patimrobis
bi; saqmeze Ribitsch v. Austria 1995 wlis nebismier etapze, patimrobis ganm-
4 dekembers gamotanili ganaCeni, mox- xorcielebel xelisuflebis orga- me-3 muxlis darRvevis SesaZle-
senebebi ganaCenebsa da gadawyvetile- noebs daekisrebaT mtkicebis bloba patimrobis konteqstSi war-
bebze (1996 w.), gv. 26, 34-e punqti; moiSveba patimrobis yovel etapze –
saqmeze Aksoy v. Turkey 1996 wlis 18 tvirTi, rom niSnebi da/an simptome-
dekembers gamotanili ganaCeni, gv. 17, bi ar aris dakavSirebuli patimro- im momentidan, rodesac piri mo-
61-e punqti. bis faqtTan an periodTan. Tavsebulia patimrobaSi, yvelaze

74
xSirad es xorcieldeba policiis an dakavebis dros gaweuli winaaRmde-
samxedro oficris mier ganxor- gobis Sedegad. TumcaRa, Zalis
cielebuli dakavebiT an Tavisuf- gamoyeneba gadaWarbebuli da gau-
lebis aRkveTiT, im dromde, rode- marTlebeli iyo da xelisuflebis
sac piri gaTavisuflebulia patim- organoebma ver SeZles warmoedginaT
robidan. raime safuZveli imis asaxsnelad, Tu
saqmeSi Ilhan v. Turkey ganmcxade- ratom iyo miyenebuli dazianebebi
beli sastikad iqna nacemi misi aseTi seriozuli: dakaveba dagegmi-
dakavebis dros. dartymebi, maT So- li iyo da amitomac riski Tavidanve
ris TavSi, xorcieldeboda, inter alia, iyo Sefasebuli, policia bevrad aRe-
qamris balTebiT, rodesac uSiSroe- mateboda eWvmitanilebs, da
bis Zalebma `Seipyres~ ganmcxadebe- msxverpls ar gamouyenebia iaraRi
li, romelic mimalvaSi imyofeboda. policielTa winaaRmdeg.43
drois mniSvnelovani monakveTi ga- wamebis saqmeebSi, rodesac ara-
vida, sanam ganmcxadebels eqneboda saTanado mopyroba xorcieldeba
eqimTan Sexvedris saSualeba. sasa- informaciis an aRiarebis mopove-
marTlos azriT, mopyroba warmoad- bis mizniT, darRveva yvelaze
genda wamebas. xSirad xdeba dakavebis pirvel
saqmeSi Assenov v. Bulgaria miuxe- etapze, rodesac adgili aqvs in-
davad imisa, rom sabolood ver tervius an dakiTxvas. savaraudod,
dadginda dazianebebis warmomav- es ufro policiis dawesebulebaSi
loba da maTze pasuxismgebeli piri, xdeba, vidre cixeSi. es aseve asa-
gancdili dazianebebi miyenebuli xulia im saqmeebSi, romlebic war-
iqna dakavebis dros. saqmeSi modgenili iqna sasamarTlos winaSe
Rehbock v. Slovenia ganmcxadebelma da CPT-is gamocdilebaSi, romel-
ganicada saxis dazianebebi misi mac aRniSna:
43 saqmeze Assenov v. Bulgaria 1998 wlis 28
dakavebis dros. policiis mtkice- oqtombers gamotanili ganaCeni, mox-
biT dazianebebi gamowveuli iyo senebebi 1998-VIII.

75
 “CPT-s surs xazi gausvas, rom misi gamocdilebiT, periodi, romelic
dauyovnebliv mosdevs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, warmoadgens drois
iseT monakveTs, rodesac daSinebisa da fizikurad arasaTando mopy-
robis riski yvelaze didia”.44
CPT - im aseve aRniSna, rom ments, romelic ganmartebul unda
rogorc srulwlovnebisTvis, ise iqnes dRevandel garemoebaTa
arasrulwlovnebisTvis ganzrax WrilSi~ niSnavs imas, rom calkeu-
arasaTanado mopyrobis riski ufro li qmedebebi, romlebic winaT kva-
didia policiis dawesebulebebSi, lificirebuli iyo `araadamianur
vidre patimrobis sxva adgilebSi.45 da damamcirebel mopyrobad~ `wame-
me-3 muxlis ganmarteba da gamo- bis~ sapirispirod, SesaZloa moma-
yeneba im principTan Sesabamisoba- valSi kvalificirebul iqnes sxva-
Si, romlis Tanaxmadac konvencia gvarad. saqmeSi Selmouni v. France
warmoadgens `cocxal instru- sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom
“...adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis sferoSi au-
cilebeli mniSvnelovnad maRali standartis arseboba Sesabamisad da
garduvalad moiTxovs ufro met simtkices demokratiuli sazoga-
doebis fundamenturi Rirebulebebis darRvevebis Sefasebisas”.46
44 CPT-is me-6 zogadi moxseneba (1996 w.), sasamarTlom aRniSnuli daadas- nime saqme, sadac garkveuli qceva
me-15 punqti da CPT-is me-9 zogadi tura Dikme-s saqmeze gamotanil CaiTvala wamebad konvenciis gage-
moxsenebis (1999 w.) analogiuri ko-
mentarebi, 23-e punqti. gadawyvetilebaSi.47 biT. xsenebuli moicavs:
45 CPT-is me-9 zogadi moxseneba (1999 w.), 1990-iani wlebis Sualedidan • palestinur dakidebas: ukan
23-e punqti. sasamarTlo isev waawyda mtkicebas Sekruli xelebiT Camokideba
46 ix. Selmouni-s saqme. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom pirebi
47 ix., 92-e punqti. (Aksoy v. Turkey48);
48 saqmeze Aksoy v. Turkey 1996 wlis 18
warmoadgendnen wamebis msxverpls
dekembers gamotanili ganaCeni, mox- wevri saxelmwifoebis patimrobis • cemis sastik formebs (Selmouni
senebebi 1996-VI. adgilebSi. qvemoT ixileT ramde- v. France, Dikme v. Turkey);

76
 • sastik cemas samedicino (ojaxis wevri, megobari, sa-
mkurnalobis aRmouCenlo- konsulo);
basTan erTobliobaSi (Ilhan v. • advokatze xelmisawvdomoba;
Turkey);
• dapatimrebuli piris ufle-
• eleqtroSoks (Akkoç v. Turkey); ba, moiTxovos samedicino Se-
• gaupatiurebas (Aydin v. Turkey); mowmeba Tavisive arCeuli
• falangas (falaka/falanga): fe- eqimis mier.
xis gulebze cema (Salman v. xsenebuli unda xorcielde-
Turkey, Greek-is saqme49). bodes Tavisuflebis aRkveTis mo-
Tomasi-s, Ribitsch-isa da Tekin-is mentidanve.50
saqmeebSi sasamarTlom daadgina, gansakuTrebiT patimrobis pir-
rom patimrebi daeqvemdebarnen vel periodSi xelisuflebis orga-
araadamianur mopyrobas cemis gamo. noebs, romlebic axorcieleben piri-
yvela xsenebul SemTxvevas adgi- saTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTas,
li hqonda patimrobis periodSi. aR- unda SeeZloT dawvrilebiT aRric-
xon piris gadaadgileba, Tu vis Sei-
niSnuli kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs,
Zleba daerTos neba moinaxulos igi
Tu raoden mniSvnelovania, rom pa-
da, Tu sad imyofebian patimrebi ne-
timrobis mocemul etapze kanon-
bismier mocemul momentSi.
mdebloba uzrunvelyofdes fun-
im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mosa-
damentur garantiebs arasaTanado rCele acxadebs, rom igi daeqvemde-
mopyrobis sawinaaRmdegod. sam bara arasaTanado mopyrobas, mosa-
umniSvnelovanes garantias war- marTleebma unda mosTxovon Tavi-
moadgens: suflebis aRkveTis ganmaxor-
• dapatimrebuli piris ufle- cielebel organoebs, raTa maT war-
ba, Seatyobinos, Tavisi 49 Greek-is saqme, komisiis 1969 wlis 5
moadginon mosarCelis mtkicebis noembris moxseneba, weliwdeuli 12.
arCevanisamebr, me-3 mxares gamaqarwylebeli mtkicebulebebi 50 CPT-is me-2 zogadi moxseneba (1992 w.),
misi dapatimrebis Sesaxeb imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mosarCe- 36-e punqti.

77
 lis mier warmodgenili raime qmedebis Sedegi, rac SesaZloa ganmt-
dazianeba an samedicino mdgomareoba kicebul iqnes Sesabamisi dokumente-
ar iqna gancdili patimrobis period- biT. sasamarTlom ganacxada:
Si an ganxorcielebuli kanonieri
“rodesac adgili aqvs cixeSi sikvdils, romelic ukavSirdeba Tun-
dac mcire mniSvnelobis dazianebebs, mTavrobas ekisreba mometebu-
li tvirTi, raTa warmoadginos jerovani axsna-ganmarteba. am konte-
qstSi xelisuflebis organoebs ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba,
uzrunvelyon, rom maT gaaCniaT detaluri da zusti Canawerebi,
romlebic exeba piris patimrobas da SeuZliaT warmoadginon je-
rovani axsna-ganmarteba nebismieri dazianebisaTvis”51 (xazgasma
damatebulia).
CPT-im aseve adre gaamaxvila yuradReba am movaleobasTan mimarTeba-
Si. komitetma daaskvna, rom
“dacvis fundamenturi meqanizmebi, romlebic pirs eniWeba cixeSi,
ganxorcielebul iqneba (da policiis oficerTa muSaobac SesaZlebe-
lia sakmaod gaadvildes), Tuki iarsebebda erTi amomwuravi cixis
Canaweri yoveli dapatimrebuli piris Sesaxeb, romelSic aRniSnuli
iqneboda misi patimrobis yvela aspeqtisa da masTan dakavSirebiT miRe-
buli yvela RonisZiebis Sesaxeb (rodis aRekveTa Tavisufleba, Tavi-
suflebis aRkveTis mizezebi; rodis ganemarta mas uflebebi;
dazianebaTa niSnebi, sulieri avadmyofoba da sxv.; rodis daukavSird-
nen da Sexvdnen mas naTesavebi, warmomadgeneli da advokati; rodis
SesTavazes mas sakvebi; rodis iqna igi dakiTxuli; rodis iqna gaday-
51 saqme Salman v. Turkey. vanili an gaTavisuflebuli da sxva)”.52
52 CPT-is me-2 zogadi moxseneba, me-40
punqti.

78
patimrobis pirobebi dadgenili sasamarTlos saboloo
gadawyvetilebiT, sargeblobs uda-
patimrobis pirobebi zogjer naSaulobis prezumfciiT, romelic
SeiZleba warmoadgendes araadami- exeba ara mxolod sisxlis samarT-
anur da damamcirebel mopyrobas. lis proceduras, aramed aseve im sa-
aRniSnuli sfero aseve eqvemde- marTlebriv reJims, romelic are-
bareba sazogadoebebs Soris misa- gulirebs aseTi patimris uflebebs
Rebi standartebis gangrZobad evo- patimrobis adgilebSi.
lucias.53 CPT-is saqmianoba am sfe- analogiurad, zogierT patimars
roSi didi mniSvnelobis mqone da SesaZloa gaaCndes specialuri
Zalian sasargebloa. moTxovnileba da aRniSnulis aR-
patimrobis pirobebi miuTiTebs mouCenloba SesaZloa warmoadgen-
rogorc zogad garemoze, romelSic des damamcirebel mopyrobas. Price-s
patimrebi imyofebian, aseve cixis saqmeSi msxverpls fexmZimobis pe-
reJimsa da konkretul pirobebze, riodSi samedicino problemebis Se-
romlebSic iq Sesaxlebuli pirebi degad oTxive kidurze gaaCnda de-
imyofebian. imis Sefasebisas, Seesa- feqtebi. xsenebuli piri, romelsac
bameba Tu ara konvencias garemo an aseve aReniSneboda janmrTelo-
53 wina saqmeebSi sasamarTlo da adremo-
pirobebi, romlebSic patimari im- basTan dakavSirebuli mravali qmedi komisia Tavs ikavebdnen daedgi-
yofeba, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes problema, maT Soris, daavadebuli naT, rom patimrobis pirobebi arRvev-
miRebuli patimris mdgomareoba – Tirkmelebi, patimrobaSi iqna ay- da me-3 muxls. adgili hqonda iseT
SemTxvevebsac, romlebSic aRiarebu-
misi asaki da sqesi, patimris saSiS- vanili Svidi dRiT samoqalaqo sa-
li iyo patimrobis saerTaSoriso
roeba – iseve rogorc is faqtori, marTlwarmoebis mimdinareobisas normebis darRveva, magram ar dadgin-
patimari imyofeba winaswar patim- sasamarTlosadmi upativcemulo- da konvenciis darRveva. ix. 1976 wlis
robaSi Tu ara. bis gamomJRavnebis gamo. msxverp- 11 dekembris gadawyvetileba, weliw-
deuli 20; 1977 wlis 11 ivlisis gadawy-
piri, romelic imyofeba winaswar lis dauyovneblivi dapatimrebis vetileba , DR 10; ix. komisiis 1982 wlis
patimrobaSi, da misi sisxlis samarT- win – sasjeli, romelic strasbur- 16 dekembris moxseneba saqmeze
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba ar yofila gis sasamarTlom gansakuTrebiT Krocher and Moller v. Switzerland, DR 34.

79
 mkacrad da Seusabamod CaTvala – patimrobasTan dakavSirebuli
mosamarTles ar gadaudgams nabiji, ganviTarebadi normebi moiTxovs,
raTa gamoerkvia, Tu sad iqneboda es rom cixis sistemisaTvis Cveuli mim-
qalbatoni moTavsebuli patimroba- dinare mopyrobis praqtika regu-
Si an uzrunveleyo, rom SesaZlebe- larulad eqvemdebarebodes
li iqneboda iseTi saSualebebiT gadaxedvas, raTa uzrunvelyofil
uzrunvelyofa, romlebic adekva- iqnes maTi Sesabamisoba me-3 muxliT
turi iqneboda mis seriozul uuna- dadgenil standartebTan. amasTa-
robasTan gamklavebisaTvis. pirobe- nave, uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes,
bi, romlebSic xsenebuli qalbato- rom konkretuli mopyroba, rome-
ni iqna moTavsebuli patimrobis gan- lic, Tavismxriv, SesaZloa ar iyos
mavlobaSi absoluturad araadekva- damamcirebeli, iseTi meTodiT ar
turi iyo misi samedicino mdgomar- iqnes aRsrulebuli, rom gamoiwvios
eobidan gamomdinare. miuxedavad damamcirebeli mopyroba.
imisa, rom ar arsebobda ganmcxadeb- ganmartoebiTi patimroba an gan-
lis damcirebisa Tu dakninebis calkeveba xSirad gamxdara araada-
raime pozitiuri miswrafeba, evro- mianur Tu damamcirebel pirobeb-
pulma sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom se- Tan dakavSirebuli saCivrebis
riozulad uunaro piris dapatimre- safuZveli,54 magram arc sasamarT-
ba iseT pirobebSi, sadac Zalian civa, los da arc CPT-s ar CauTvliaT gan-
da arsebobs avadmyofobis gamZafre- martoebiTi patimroba per se me-3
bis riski, radganac misi sawoli Za- muxlis sawinaaRmdegod. miuxeda-
lian uxeSia an gamouyenebali, da Se- vad amisa, garkveuli sifxizle
54 1976 wlis 11 dekembris gadawyvetile- sabamis pirs ar SeuZlia tualetSi unda iqnes gamoCenili im pirebis
ba, weliwdeuli 20; 1977 wlis 11 ivli- gasvla an sisufTavis SenarCuneba mimarT, romlebic, ra mizeziTac ar
sis gadawyvetileba, DR 10; komisiis
udidesi Zalisxmevis gareSe, war- unda iqnes es ganxorcielebuli
1982 wlis 16 dekembris moxseneba
saqmeze Krocher and Moller v. Switzerland, moadgens me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmde- (disciplinaruli miznebi, maTi
DR 34. go damamcirebel mopyrobas. `problemebis Semqmneli~ yofaqce-

80
vis Sedegad warmoqmnili `saSiSroe- sxeulis (SiSveli) Cxreka meore
bis~ safuZvelze; sisxlis samarTle- saxis mopyrobaa, romelsac patim-
brivi gamoZiebis interesebidan rebi SesaZloa daeqvemdebaron, ma-
gamomdinare; maTive moTxovniT), im- gram konkretul garemoebebSi isic
yofebian ganmartoebiTi patimrobis SeiZleba warmoadgendes damam-
msgavs pirobebSi. ase magaliTad, cirebel mopyrobas. sasamarTlom
rodesac adgili aqvs ganmartoebi- daadgina, rom marTalia sxeulis
Ti patimrobis gagrZelebas an winas- (SiSveli) Cxreka zogierT
war patimrobaSi myofi pirisaTvis an SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa aucilebeli
arasrulwlovanisaTvis xsenebulis iyos cixis usafrTxoebisaTvis an
Sefardebas, SesaZloa saqme sxvag- areulobis an danaSaulis aRkveTi-
varad iyos. saTvis, isini warmarTul unda iqnes
CPT-im daadgina, rom ganmartoe- Sesabamisi meTodiT. mamakaci patim-
biTi patimroba SesaZloa calkeul ris iZuleba, gaSiSvldes qalis wi-
SemTxvevebSi warmoadgendes araa- naSe da amis Semdgom SiSveli
damianur da damamcirebel mopyro- xelebiT Seexos mis sasqeso orga-
bas.55 konkretuli RonisZiebis sim- noebsa da sakvebs, aSkarad warmoad-
kacre, misi xangrZlivoba, mizani, gens patimris upativcemulobas da,
romelsac igi emsaxureba, nebismieri Sedegad, amcirebs mis pirovnul
damatebiT dawesebuli pirobebis Rirsebas. sasamarTlom daadgina,
saerTo Sedegebi, iseve rogorc rom radganac aRniSnuls unda war-
piris fizikur Tu sulier keTil- moeSva Sesabamis pirSi tkivilisa da
dReobasTan mimarTebaSi gamowveu- arasrulfasovnebis gancda, romel-
li Sedegebi, gadamwyvet rols iTa- sac SeeZlo misi damcireba da da- 55 CPT-is me-2 zogadi moxseneba, 56-e punqti.
maSebs imis Sefasebisas, ganmartoe- knineba, Cxreka warmoadgenda 56 1973 wlis 11 ivlisis gadawyvetilebe-
bi, krebuli 44; 1978 wlis 8 ivlisi,
biTi patimrobis konkretuli damamcirebel mopyrobas konvenci- DR 14; da 1981 wlis 9 ivlisi.
SemTxveva an gancalkeveba warmoad- is me-3 muxlis mniSvnelobiT.57 57 ix. saqmeze Valašinas v. Lithuania 2001
gens Tu ara me-3 muxlis darRvevas.56 sxva praqtika da meTodebi, wlis 24 ivliss gamotanili ganaCeni.

81
 rogoricaa patimrisaTvis xel- nawilis gatareba praqtikulad
borkilebis dadeba an sxva SemboWavi Tavis sawolze mijaWvuls iseT
Tu disciplinaruli RonisZiebebis sakanSi, romelsac ar gaaCnda venti-
gamoyeneba, magaliTad, cixis Senobis lacia da fanjrebi da zogjer au-
gareT (ezoSi) gaseirnebisa Tu patim- tanlad cxeloda. mas aseve uxdebo-
ris monaxulebis uflebis CamorTme- da tualetis gamoyeneba Tanamesa-
va, aseve unda daeqvemdebaros ze- knis TandaswrebiT da isic, Tavis
damxedvelobas da gamokvlevas, mxriv, eswreboda Tanamesaknis mier
raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes, rom tualetiT sargeblobis process.
ganxorcielebis meTodi ar iyos sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom cixis
ukanono da aseve warmoadgendes gasaCivrebuli pirobebi amcirebda
damamcirebel mopyrobas. patimris pirovnul Rirsebas da
Greek-is saqmeSi58 komisiam daad- warmoSobda masSi tkivilisa da ara-
gina, rom patimrobis pirobebi, srulfasovnebis gancdas, romel-
rodesac patimrebi gadatvirTul sac SeeZlo misi damcireba da da-
sakanSi cxovrobdnen da ar gaaCn- knineba, aseve misi fizikuri Tu
daT gaTbobisaTvis saTanado saSu- moraluri Seuvalobis darRveva.
alebebi, sanitaria, sawolebi, sakve- ufro metic, sasamarTlom daadgi-
bi, janmrTelobis gajansaRebis na, rom pirobebis gasaumjobese-
saSualebebi da kavSiri gare sam- blad mcdelobis gamoumJRavne-
yarosTan, warmoadgenda damam- bloba, rodesac adgili hqonda
cirebels. amgvari pirobebi, gan- standartebTan dakavSirebul sa-
sakuTrebiT gadatvirTva, dResac Civrebs, warmoadgenda patimrisad-
problematuria da arRvevs konven- mi upativismcemlobas. jamSi sasa-
ciiT moTxovnil standartebs. marTlom CaTvala, rom cixis gan-
erT-erT saqmeSi patimars sul calkevebul nawilSi ganmcxadeblis
mcire 2 Tvis ganmavlobaSi uxdebo- patimrobis pirobebi warmoadgenda
58 weliwdeuli 12, 1969 w. da 24 saaTiani periodis umetesi damamcirebel mopyrobas konvenci-

82
is me-3 muxlis mniSvnelobiT.59 amgvar pirobebSi, warmoadgenda
sxva saqmeSi patimari moTavse- me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmdego damam-
bul iqna gadatenil da WuWyian cirebel mopyrobas.60
sakanSi, romelSic ar iyo damakmayo- xsenebuli saqmeebis Sedegi
filebeli sanitaria da sakmarisi migvaniSnebs, rom dRevandel etap-
sawolebi, Zalian iSviaTad modioda ze – kerZod CPT-is daarsebisa da
cxeli wyali, aranairi sufTa haeri arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
an bunebrivi dRis sinaTle ar arse- mier cixis pirobebis monitoringis
bobda, arc ezo iyo, sadac patimrebs zrdis Sedegad – nakleb misaRebad
SeeZlebodaT gaseirneba. CPT-is CaiTvleba cixis iseTi pirobebi, 59 ix. saqmeze Peers v. Greece 2001 wlis
19 aprils gamotanili ganaCeni.
moxsenebebi amyarebda patimris romlebic ar akmayofilebs saerTa- 60 saqmeze Dougoz v. Greece 2001 wlis 6
mtkicebas. Tavis moxsenebaSi CPT-im Soriso standartebs. mosalodne- marts gamotanili ganaCeni.
xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom xsenebul lia, rom sasamarTlo ufro maRal 61 saqmeTa im wyebaSi, romlebic dakav-
adgilas cixis sacxovrebeli doneze awarmoebs gamoZiebas da Sirebuli iyo samoqalaqo samarTal-
warmoebis xangrZlivobasTan, sasa-
pirobebi da patimrobis reJimi mniS- ufro meti sifxizliT ganaxor- marTlom ramdenimejer gausva xazi,
vnelovnad Seusabamo iyo xuT cielebs meTvalyureobas da ase- rom saxelmwifoebs akisriaT valde-
dReze meti xnis periodisaTvis, pa- Tive moTxovnebi waeyenebaT xelis- buleba imgvarad moawyon sakuTari
marTlmsajulebis sistema, rom es
timrisaTvis moculobiTi farTi uflebis erovnul organoebs.
ukanaskneli SesabamisobaSi iyos sa-
mniSvnelovnad Seusabamo iyo, radganac me-3 muxli ar iZleva marTliani ganxilvis moTxovnebTan
xolo sanitaruli pirobebi – nebarTvas, raTa moxdes kvalifika- (me-6 muxli). ix. magaliTad saqme Multi
amazrzeni. cia, axsna-ganmarteba im mizniT, rom v. Italy, seria A # 281-C; saqmeze
Susmann v. Germany 1996 wlis 16 se-
bolos sasamarTlom daaskvna, araadekvaturi pirobebi, rogori- qtembers gamotanili ganaCeni, mox-
rom TavisulfebaaRkveTili piris caa gadatvirTva an arasakmarisi sa- senebebi 1996-IV. me-3 muxlis
patimrobis pirobebi da sawolebis wolebi an sanitaria gamowveuli SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifoebs akisriaT
ukmarisoba erTad aRebuli im pa- iyos ekonomikuri an sxva Tanmdevi valdebuleba ise moawyon patimrobis
sistema, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnes
timrobis periodis Seusabamo xan- organizaciuli an arsebuli faq- pirebis aryofna damamcirebel
grZlivobasTan, romlis ganmavlo- torebiT, ver gaamarTlebs zemo- pirobebSi, rac ufro daamZimebda maT
baSic igi imyofeboda patimrobaSi xsenebuli xarvezebis arsebobas.61 mdgomareobas.

83
62 CPT-is me-2 zogadi moxseneba, 44-e punqti. CPT-im aseve aRniSna, rom arasaTa- patimroba samedicino
63 CPT-is me-7 zogadi moxsenebis (1997 w.), nado mopyroba SesaZloa ganxor- safuZvelze
me-13 punqtSi aRniSnulia, rom `CPT-i cielebul iqnes mravali formiT,
ramdenimejer mivida im daskvnamde,
rom gadatvirTvis saxifaTo zegav-
romelTagan umetesoba SesaZloa ar kerZod, imis Sefaseba winaaRm-
lenam patimrobis pirobebi gadaaqcia iyos ganxorcielebuli ganzrax, degobaSi modis Tu ara konvenciis
araadamianurad da damamcireblad~. aramed gamowveuli iyos organiza- me-3 muxliT dadgenil stand-
64 CPT-im xazgasmiT aRniSna es gan- ciuli defeqtiT an araadekvaturi
sakuTrebiT qalebisaTvis higienis artebTan Sesabamisi mopyroba an
saWiroebis kuTxiT. CPT-is me-10 zoga-
dafinansebiT.62 sasjeli sulierad daavadebul
di moxsenebis 31-e punqtis Tanaxmad: specifikuri situaciebi da praq- pirTa saqmeebSi, mxedvelobaSi
"qalebisaTvis specialuri higienis tika, romlebic SesaZloa ganxilul unda iqnes miRebuli maTi usu-
saWiroeba unda dakmayofildes adek- iqnes rogorc damamcirebeli me-3
vaturi gziT. maT xeli unda miuwvde- suroba da uunaroba, zogierT
bodeT da pirad mflobelobaSi unda
muxlis Tanaxmad, calke aRebuli saqmeSi, romelic dakavSirebulia
gaaCndeT sanitaruli da dasabani saS- Tu sxva pirobasTan erTad, aris ga- maT mier saCivris jerovnad war-
ualebebi ... iseve rogorc isini datvirTva,63 garesamyarosTan kav- modgenasTan. mopyrobis an sasje-
uzrunvelyofil unda iyvnen higienu- Siris ar qona, higienisa da tu-
ri saSualebebiT, rogoricaa sanita- lis standartebTan Sesabamisobis
ruli pirsaxocebi da tamponebi, rac
aletis araadekvaturi standarte- ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi unda
esoden mniSvnelovania maTTvis. bi,64 adekvaturi samedicino mkur- iqnes aseve miRebuli, Tu ra Se-
xsenebuli nivTebiT qalis uzrun- nalobis an piris Rrus daavadebis degebs iwvevs raime konkretuli
velyofis ganuxorcielebloba Tavis- profilaqtikis ararseboba. 65
Tavad SesaZloa warmoadgendes damam- mopyroba.68
cirebel mopyrobas~.
xelisuflebis organoebs ekisre- gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRm-
65 CPT-is me-3 zogadi moxsenebis (1993 w.) baT valdebuleba daicvan Tavisu- deg erT-erT saqmeSi sasamarTlom
30-e punqtis Tanaxmad: "janmrTelo- flebaaRkveTil pirTa janmrTe- daadgina, rom msxverplis mdgoma-
bis dacvis araadekvaturma donem Se- loba.66 Sesabamisi samedicino mkur-
saZloa swrafad migviyvanos iseT si- reobis efeqtiani monitoringis,
tuaciamde, romelic xvdeba "araada-
nalobis ararseboba SesaZloa war- iseve rogorc misi fsiqiatriuli
mianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis~ moadgendes me-3 muxlis sawinaaRm- mdgomareobis Sefasebis Sedegad
terminis farglebSi”. dego mopyrobas.67 arsebuli informaciis ararseboba
66 komisiis 1993 wlis 8 ivlisis moxseneba
saqmeze Hurtado v. Switzerland, seria da ganxorcielebuli mopyroba war-
A # 280, gv. 16, 79-e punqti. moadgenda im samedicino mkur-

84
nalobis mniSvnelovan defeqts, radganac mas iZulebiT aWmevdnen
romelic aRmoCenil iqna TviTmkv- sakvebs da uqvemdebarebdnen
lelobisaken miswrafebis mqone wamlebs, igi iyo gancalkevebiT mo-
sulierad daavadebuli pirisadmi. Tavsebuli da mibmuli xel-
mogvianebiT masze dakisrebul borkilebiT damcav sawolze. miu-
seriozul disciplinarul sasjels xedavad imisa, rom komisiam CaTva-
– romelic iTvaliswinebda Svid la xsenebuli mopyrobis meTodis
dRian gancalkevebas sasjel Seusabamoba me-3 muxlis moTxo-
fligelSi da mis sasjelze damate- vnebTan, vinaidan ganxorcielebuli
biTi 28 dRis damatebas, movlenidan RonisZiebebi warmoadgenda dar-
ori kviris Semdgom da mxolod mis Rvevas da Seusabamod iqna gaxan-
gaTavisuflebamde cxra dRiT adre grZlivebuli, sasamarTlo mas ar
– SesaZloa marTlac Seeqmna sa- daeTanxma.
frTxe misi fizikuri Tu sulieri mTavrobis mtkicebiT, inter alia,
SeuvalobisaTvis da Seusabamo yo- samedicino mkurnaloba aucilebe-
filiyo mopyrobis im saWiro stan- li iyo ganmcxadeblis fizikuri da
dartebTan, romlebic moiTxoveba sulieri mdgomareobis gauaresebi-
sulierad daavadebul pirebTan mi- dan gamomdinare da swored pacien-
marTebaSi. sasamarTlom CaTvala, tis yvela saxis mkurnalobasTan
rom qmedeba warmoadgenda araada- dakavSirebulma winaaRmdegobam,
mianur da damamcirebel mopyroba- saavadmyofos personalisadmi
67 ix. saqme Ilhan v. Turkey, ECHR 2000-VII.
sa da sasjels konvenciis me-3 mux- gamomJRavnebul ukidures agresi-
68 ix. saqmeze Herczegfalvy v. Austria 1992
lis mniSvnelobiT.69 asTan erTad, ganapiroba persona- wlis 24 seqtembers gamotanili gana-
fsiqiatriuli patimrobis kon- lis mier iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis, Ceni, seria A # 244, 82-e punqti; saqmeze
teqstSi, avstriis winaaRmdeg maT Soris, xelborkilebisa da dam- Aerts v. Belgium 1998 wlis 30 ivliss
gamotanili ganaCeni, moxsenebebi
saqmeSi (1983 w.), b-ni hercegfalvi cavi sawolis gamoyeneba. sasamarT- 1998-V, gv. 1966, 66-e punqti.
asaCivrebda, rom misi samedicino los mtkicebiT, xsenebuli qmedeba 69 saqmeze Keenan v. the United Kingdom 2001
mkurnaloba arRvevda me-3 muxls, mxolod da mxolod Terapevtuli wlis 3 aprils gamotanili ganaCeni.

85
 mizniT ganxorcielda da RonisZie- sifxizle unda iqnes gamoCenili,
bebic Sewyda mas Semdeg, rac pacien- rodesac xorcieldeba fizikuri
tis mdgomareobam misca mTavrobas SezRudva, rogoricaa: zemoxsene-
amis saSualeba. buli xelborkilebi, Rvedebi, Sem-
Tumca sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom boWavi xalaTi da sxv. xsenebuli
ususuroba da SesaZleblobis arqo- mxolod iSviaT gamonaklis Se-
na, romelic tipiuria fsiqiatriul mTxvevaSi SeiZleba iqnes gamarTle-
saavadmyofoebSi moTavsebuli pa- buli. is samarTlebrivi sistema,
cientebisaTvis, moiTxovda mzard romelic iZleva aseTi meTodebis
sifxizles imis gadamowmebisas, Ses- regularuli gamoyenebis nebar-
rulebul iqna Tu ara konvenciis Tvas, an sadac aseTi RonisZiebebis
moTxovnebi, igi mainc ar daeTanxma gamoyeneba naTlad ar aris na-
komisiis Sefasebas. sasamarTlom brZanebi eqimis mier an dauyovne-
gamoxata SeSfoTeba drois im xan- bliv ar aris warmodgenili eqimis
grZlivobasTan dakavSirebiT, rom- winaSe misgan Semdgomi nebarTvis
lis ganmavlobaSic gamoyenebul miRebis TvalsazrisiT, savarau-
iqna xelborkilebi da damcavi sawo- dod, gamoiwvevs problemebs kon-
li; TumcaRa, sasamarTlom daaskvna, venciasTan Sesabamisobis Tval-
rom mis winaSe warmodgenili argu- sazrisiT.
mentacia ar iyo sakmarisi mTavrobis Tuki gamonaklisis saxiT mimarT-
argumentaciis gasaqarwylebad, va ganxorcielda fizikuri SeboWvis
rom, im droisaTvis zogadad aRiare- saSualebebisadmi, isini gauqmebul
buli fsiqiatriuli principebis Se- unda iqnes pirvelive SesaZleblo-
bamisad, samedicino saWiroeba bisas. aseTi RonisZiebis gagrZele-
amarTlebda Sesabamis mopyrobas. ba gamoiwvevs me-3 muxlis darRve-
TumcaRa, viTardeba fsiqiatri- vas. ufro metic, aseTi saSualebe-
uli pacientebis dasaSvebi mopyro- bi arasodes unda iqnes gamoyenebu-
bis standartebic. specialuri li an ar unda moxdes maTi gamoy-

86
enebis gagrZeleba, rogorc sasje- ba gamoyenebulia ara rogorc sas-
li. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu RonisZiebe- jeli, CPT iZleva rekomendacias,
bis gamoyenebis mizani an obieqti rom xsenebuli unda daeqvemde-
warmoadgens sasjels, es savarau- baros qcevis detalur politikas,
dod gauTanabrdeba me-3 muxlis romelic ganmartavs, kerZod, Tu ra
darRvevas. saxis SemTxvevebSi aris SesaZlebe-
CPT-im sajarod ganacxada, rom im li xsenebuli RonisZiebis gamoye-
adgilebSi, sadac man moinaxula fsi- neba; Tu ra mizans emsaxureba igi;
qiatriuli pacientebi, romelTa mima- RonisZiebis xangrZlivobasa da
rTac fizikuri SeboWvis instrumente- regularuli gadamowmebis saWiroe-
bi iqna gamoyenebuli ramdenime dRis bas; Sesabamisi adamianuri kon-
ganmavlobaSi, xsenebuli RonisZiebe- taqtebis arsebobas; da aRniSnuli
bi ar iyo gamarTlebuli Terapevtuli sakiTxisadmi personalis gan-
TvalsazrisiT, rac warmoadgenda sakuTrebiT yuradRebiT mopyro-
arasaTanado mopyrobas.70 bas. Tanamedrove fsiqiatriul
ganawesis damrRvevi an, sxvag- praqtikaSi pacientebis ganmartoe-
varad rom vTqvaT, `umarTavi~ pa- biT moTavsebis mzardi tendenciis,
cientebis gancalkevebis (e.i sakan- agreTve gancalkevebis Terapev-
Si marto moTavsebis) praqtika tul SedegebTan dakavSirebuli
aseve warmoadgens sakiTxs, romel- eWvebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, Se-
ic warmoSobs problemebs me-3 mux- sabamisi pirobebis ararseboba
lTan Sesabamisobis TvalsazrisiT. wamoWris praqtikis me-3 muxlTan
fsiqiatriul pacientebTan dakav- Sesabamisobis sakiTxs.
Sirebul saqmeSi CPT-im daadgina, fsiqiuri pacientebis mopyro-
rom patimris ganmartoebiT mo- basTan mimarTebaSi arsebobs aseve
70 CPT-is me-8 zogadi moxsenebis 48-e pun-
Tavseba arasodes unda iqnes gamo- ramdenime sfero, romlebSic qti.
yenebuli rogorc sasjeli.71 konsesusi imasTan dakavSirebiT, war- 71 CPT-is me-8 zogadi moxsenebis 49-e
rodesac ganmartoebiT moTavse- moadgens Tu ara isini damamcirebel punqti.

87
 qmedebas, mzard tendencias gani- troSokis gamoyenebiT ganxor-
cdis. erT-erT aseT sferos warmoad- cielebul unda iqnes sxva paciente-
gens Terapia eleqtroSokis gamoy- bisagan gancalkevebiT (umjobesia
enebiT (ECT). Tumca, zogadad daSve- oTaxSi, romelic izolirebulia da
buli fsiqiatriuli principebis Tan- aRWurvilia am miznisaTvis) im per-
axmad, xsenebuli Terapia jer kidev sonalis mier, romlebmac gaiares
warmoadgens mkurnalobis aRiare- specialuri momzadeba aseTi mkur-
bul meTods, CPT-im gamoTqva konk- nalobis ganxorcielebisaTvis.
retuli SeSfoTeba xsenebuli mkur-
nalobis aramodificirebuli form- patimrobis sxva aspeqtebi
iT ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT
(e.i. anesTeziisa da kunTebis re- patimroba ar ifargleba cixee-
laqsaciis gareSe). komitetma biTa Tu policiis saknebiT. sadac
gamoTqva azri, rom xsenebuli meTo- ar unda iqnes piri moTavsebuli
di aRar SeiZleba CaiTvalos dasaS- Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sedegad,
vebad Tanamedrove fsiqiatriul patimrobis Tanmdevi standartebi
praqtikaSi. kerZod, komitetma mkur- unda Seesabamebodes me-3 muxlis
nalobis xsenebuli procesi, rogorc moTxovnebs. cixeebis mravalnairi
aseTi, CaTvala damamcireblad Senobebi, romlebSic imigraciis
rogorc pacientebisaTvis, aseve Se- sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT dapatim-
sabamisi personalisaTvis.72 rebuli pirebi SesaZloa imyofe-
radganac zemoxsenebuli Terapi- bodnen, maT Soris, sazRvris
is ganxorcieleba, Tundac modi- gadakveTis terotoriaze, aero-
ficirebuli formiT, SesaZloa portSi, portSi arsebuli dakave-
CaiTvalos damamcireblad, Tu mis bis adgilebi, tipiuri unda iyos.
mizans warmoadgens pacientis sxve- CPT-im mravaljer aRmoaCina
bis TvalSi damcireba, CPT-im sazRvris gadakveTis teritoriaze
72 iqve, 39-e punqti. daaskvna, rom Terapia eleq- arsebuli dakavebis adgilebis

88
araadekvaturoba, gansakuTrebiT akisrebs deportaciis ganmxor-
xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi. cielebel saxelmwifos.
ufro zustad CPT-is delegaciebi aRniSnuli principi pirvelad
ramdenjerme Sexvdnen pirebs, rom- gacxadebul iqna Soering-is saqmeSi,
lebic ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi romelSic SeerTebuli Statebi
iyvnen dakavebulebi improvizirebul gaerTianebuli samefosagan moiT-
pirobebSi aeroportis holSi. aqsio- xovda mimalvaSi myofi piris
mas warmoadgens is faqti, rom aseTi eqstradicias, romelsac bralad
pirebi uzrunvelyofili unda iyvnen edeboda mkvlelobis Cadena virji-
ZilisaTvis Sesabamisi saSualebebiT, niis StatSi. ganmcxadebeli moiT-
xeli unda miuwvdebodeT TavianT xovda eqstradiciis SeCerebas imis
bargze, aseve Sesabamis sanitarul da safuZvelze, rom, im SemTxvevaSi,
dasaban saSualebebze, maT unda See- Tu mas msjavrs dasdebdnen SeerTe-
ZloT yoveldRiurad sufTa haerze bul StatebSi mkvlelobis Cadena-
gaseirneba. garda amisa, isini uzrun- Si, mas moeloda sasikvdilo ganaCe-
velyofil unda iqnen sakvebiT, xolo ni da e.w. `sikvdilmisjilTa saknis
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi – samedi- fenomeni~, romelic, misi mtkice-
cino daxmarebiT.73 biT, warmoadgenda araadamianur
mopyrobas. sikvdilmisjilTa saknis
deportacia fenomeni warmoadgens patimrobis
am etapze adgili aqvs mniS- pirobebis erTobliobas (saxeldobr,
vnelovani precedentuli samarTlis Zalian mkacri da sastiki, maRali
mzard odenobas, romelSic sasamarT- usafrTxoebis cixes, romelSic pa-
lom daadgina, rom piris gaZeveba an timari SesaZloa imyofebodes
deportacia im qveyanaSi, sadac igi wlebis ganmavlobaSi saapelacio
SesaZloa daeqvemdebaros me-3 mux- procesis xangrZlivobis gaTva-
lis sawinaaRmdego mopyrobas, kon- liswinebiT) sikvdilis yvelgan 73 CPT-is me-7 zogadi moxsenebis 26-e pun-
venciis Tanaxmad, pasuxismgeblobas Tanmdevi sulieri tkivilis qveS. qti.

89
 Soering-is saqmeSi danaSaulis Cad- fos mier ganxorcielebuli qmede-
enis dros misma asakma (igi 18 wlamde bis pirdapiri Sedegi.74
asakis iyo) da Semdgomma sulierma amitomac mniSvnelovania, rom
mdgomareoba aseve Seuwyo xeli sa- mkacri moZieba iqnes Catarebuli piris
samarTlos imis dadgenaSi, rom saCivarTan dakavSirebiT, romlis Ta-
xsenebuli pirobebi warmoadgenda naxmadac, me-3 saxelmwifoSi depor-
araadamianur da damamcirebel tacia mas daayenebda me-3 muxlis sa-
mopyrobas. sasamarTlom Semdgomad winaaRmdego mopyrobis riskis winaSe.
daadgina, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iseTi avtomaturi an meqanikuri de-
gaerTianebuli samefo arsebul bulebebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa
pirobebSi moaxdenda eqstradire- mcirexniani vada TavSesafris Txov-
bas, adgili eqneboda me-3 muxlis nasTan dakavSirebuli ganacxadis war-
darRvevas. modgenisaTvis, winaaRmdegobaSi
saqmeebis mTelma wyebam, rome- modis im RirebulebebTan, romlebic
lic mohyva Soering-is saqmes, gaamyara gacxadebulia konvenciis me-3 muxlSi.
is principi, romlis Tanaxmadac, sakiTxi, gadawyvetilebis miRe-
rodesac arsebobs imis safuZveli, bis procesi mTlianobaSi aniWebs
rom, gaZevebis SemTxvevaSi piri aR- Tu ara Sesabamis garantiebs im pire-
moCndeba wamebis an araadamianuri an bisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic gag-
damamcirebeli mopyrobis an sasje- zavnil iqnen qveynebSi, sadac maT
lis riskis qveS mimReb saxelmwifo- emuqrebaT wameba an arasaTanado
Si, maSin dgeba zemoxsenebuli qmede- mopyrobis safrTxe, aseve warmoad-
bis ganmxorcielebeli saxelmwifos gens CPT-is fokusirebis sagans,
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi imis radganac xsenebuli saukeTesod
safuZvelze, rom Tuki saxelmwifo emsaxureba maT aRmkveT rols. CPT-im
74 saqmeze Soering v. the United Kingdom 1989
gaaZevebda pirs, maSin piris daqvem- gamoTqva survili, ganesazRvra, an-
wlis 7 ivliss gamotanili ganaCeni, se- debareba akrZaluli arasaTanado iWebda Tu ara ZalaSi myofi proce-
ria A # 161, gv.35, 90-e_91-e punqtebi. mopyrobisadmi iqneboda saxelmwi- dura Sesabamis pirebs realur

90
Sanss, raTa warmoadginon TavianTi garkveuli saxiT sikvdili, rogorc
saqmeebi, da im pirebma, romlebmac meuRlis savaraudo moRalates; da
unda ganixilon aseTi saqmeebi, aseve politikuri oponentis de-
uzrunvelyofil iqnen Sesabamisi portacias ukan zanzibarSi, rome-
treningebiT da xeli miuwvdebo- lic manamde daeqvemdebara wamebas.76
deT obieqtur da damoukidebel in-
formaciaze, romelic exeba adami- gauCinareba
anis uflebebTan dakavSirebul gauCinarebis fenomeni saintere-
situacias sxva qveynebSi. CPT aseve so sakiTxia me-3 muxlis potenciu-
iZleva rekomendacias, rom, arsebu- ri darRvevis konteqstSi. gauCina-
li umniSvnelovanesi interesis rebebi xdeba, rodesac adgili aqvs
gaTvaliswinebiT, saxelmwifos piris araRiarebul patimrobaSi ay-
teritoriidan piris gaZevebasTan vanas saxelmwifos warmomadgenle-
dakavSirebuli gadawyvetileba mis bis an im pirebis mier, romlebic mo-
aRsrulebamde daeqvemdebaros qmedeben saxelmwifos saxeliT an
apelaciis wesiT gasaCivrebas sxva xelisuflebis oficialuri orga-
damoukidebeli organos winaSe.75 noebis mier dumiliT gamoxatuli
saqmeebi, romlebSic sasamarT- TanxmobiT. araRiarebuli patim-
lom daadgina, rom deportacia war- robebi xSirad iwvevs gauCinarebu-
moSobs sakiTxs me-3 muxlis Sesa- li piris sabolood dadasturebul
bamisad, moicavs aseve saqmes, sikvdils an absolutur siCumes
romelic exeba induri erovnebis `gauCinarebuli~ piris bedis Sesa-
mqone piris, romelic mxars uWerda xeb, rac naTesavebsa da megobrebs
sikhizmis mimdevrebis separatis- afiqrebinebs, rom piri gardaicvala.
tul moZraobas punjabis provin- aRniSnuli situacia warmoSobs or
75 CPT-is me-7 zogadi moxsenebis 34-e
ciaSi, deportacias ukan indoeTSi; sakiTxs: ra gziT xdeba araRiarebu-
punqti.
iraneli qalbatonis deportacias li piris Rirsebaze zegavlenis 76 saqmeze Jabari v. Turkey 2001 wlis 11
ukan iranSi, sadac mas emuqreboda moxdena? da ra zegavlena adgeba ivliss gamotanili ganaCeni.

91
 gauCinarebuli piris ojaxs da say- miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom
varel adamianebs? aRiara valdebuleba, romelic
sasamarTlom airCia, rom ar dae- gulisxmobs gauCinarebis faqtis ze-
kvalificirebina piris gauCinareba gavlenis dadgenas gauCinarebuli
per se damamcirebel an araadamia- piris naTesavebze. saqmeSi Kurt v.
nur mopyrobad, aramed ganexila igi Turkey, romelSic ganmcxadebeli Cio-
me-5 muxlis konteqstSi (Tavisuf- da misi Svilis gauCinarebasTan dakav-
lebis aRkveTa). sasamarTlo aRi- SirebiT TurqeTis armiisa da adgi-
arebs, rom zogierT saqmeSi Sesa- lobrivi `soflis mcvelebis~ xelSi,
Zloa arsebobdes imis mtkicebule- ganmcxadebelma mimarTa prokurors
ba, rom piri daeqvemdebara arasaTa- misi Svilis gauCinarebis momdevno
nado mopyrobas `gauCinarebamde~.77 dReebSi im rwmeniT, rom igi wayvanil
TumcaRa, sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom iqna cixeSi. igi eswreboda Svilis da-
is mopyroba, romelic ganicada gau- patimrebas sofelSi, dainaxa dapa-
Cinarebulma pirma `gauCinarebis~ timreba sakuTari TvaliT da Svilis
periodSi, SesaZloa iyos mxolod bolo naxvis Semdgom misma gauCinare-
spekulirebis sagani. sasamarTlos bam masSi aRZra SiSi Svilis usa-
pozicia aris is, rom mwvave SeS- frTxoebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tum-
foTeba, romelic gamowveul unda caRa, prokurorma ar ganixila seri-
iqnes im pirebis mopyrobasTan ozulad misi saCivari. Sedegad, igi
dakavSirebiT, romlebic aSkarad im- itanjeboda im faqtis gamo, rom, ico-
yofebian patimrobaSi oficialuri da ra misi Svilis dapatimrebis Sesa-
Canawerebis gareSe da maT ar exebaT xeb, amave dros ar arsebobda raime
Sesabamisi sasamarTlo garantiebi, saxis oficialuri informacia misi
warmoadgens damatebiT da damam- Semdgomi bedis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli
Zimebel mxares, ufro me-5 muxlis tanjva grZeldeboda xangrZlivi
77 ix. saqmeebi Kurt v. Turkey da Kaya v. (Tavisuflebis aRkveTa), vidre drois ganmavlobaSi.
Turkey. me-3 muxlis konteqstSi. am garemoebebSi, iseve rogorc im

92
faqtis dadgenis Semdgom, rom mom- garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs mSobli-
Civani iyo msxverplis deda da Ta- sa da Svilis kavSirebs – urTierTo-
vadac xelisuflebis organoebis bis konkretul garemoebebs, Tu ra
umoqmedobis msxverpli, rac gamo- doniT Seiqmna ojaxis wevri Sesabami-
ixata dedis tanjvasa da miyenebul si movlenebis mowme, ojaxis wevris
tkivilSi, sasamarTlom daadgina mier mcdelobebis ganxorcielebaSi
me-3 muxlis darRveva ganmcxade- monawileoba, romelic dakavSirebu-
belTan mimarTebaSi. TumcaRa, sasa- li iqneboda gauCinarebuli piris
marTlom naTlad ganmarta, rom Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebasTan
Kurt-is saqme ar adgens raime saxiT da aseve xelisuflebis organoebis
zogad princips, rom `gauCinarebu- mier pasuxis gacema xsenebul mokv-
li piris~ ojaxis wevri amave dros levaze.
aris me-3 muxlis sawinaaRmdego saqmeSi Taш v. Turkey sasamarTlom
mopyrobis msxverpli. daadgina, rom ganmcxadeblis SeS-
aris Tu ara ojaxis wevri aseTi foTebasTan dakavSirebiT xelisu-
msxverpli, damokidebulia specia- flebis organoebis indiferentu-
luri faqtorebis arsebobaze, rom- lobisa da ugulebelyofis gaTva-
lebic ganmcxadeblis tanjvas liswinebiT da, amave dros, im tkivi-
garkveulwilad aniWebs seriozul lisa da gaurkvevlobis mxedvelo-
xasiaTs. es ukanaskneli gansxvavde- baSi miRebiT, romelic ganicada gan-
ba emociuri stresisagan, romelic mcxadebelma xelisuflebis orga-
SesaZloa ganxilul iqnes rogorc noebis qmedebebis Sedegad, ganmcxa-
gardauvalad im msxverplis naTesa- debeli iyo xelisuflebis organoe-
vebTan mimarTebaSi, romelic dae- bis qmedebaTa msxverpli im doniT,
qvemdebara adamianis uflebaTa seri- romelic arRvevda me-3 muxls.
ozul darRvevas. Sesabamisi elemen- analogiurad, Timurtas-isa da Cicek-is
tebi moicavs ojaxuri kavSirebis saqmeebSi ganmcxadeblebi iyvnen
simWidroves – am konteqstSi gauCinarebuli pirebis mSoblebi,

93
 romlebmac ganicades tanjva xelis- da midgomas situaciasTan mimarTe-
uflebis organoebis indiferentu- baSi, rodesac maT waredginebaT sa-
lobisa da ganmcxadebelTa SeS- Civari gauCinarebasTan dakavSire-
foTebis ugulebelyofis gamo. biT. swored am ukanasknelTan mima-
sasamarTlom xazi gausva im faqts, rTebaSi SeuZlia gauCinarebuli
rom aseTi darRvevis arsebiTi wili piris naTesavs ganacxados pretenzia
imdenad ojaxis wevris `gauCinare- imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom igi aris
bis~ faqtSi ki ar devs, aramed ufro xelisuflebis organoebis qmedebis
metad exeba xelisuflebis organoe- pirdapiri msxverpli.78
bis mier gamomJRavnebul reaqciasa

diskriminacia
saqmeSi Abdulaziz, Cabales and moadgendes damamcirebel mopyro-
Balkandali v. the United Kingdom komi- bas. aRniSnuli midgoma dadasture-
siam daadgina, rom institucio- bul iqna amJamindeli mudmivmoqme-
naluri rasizmi warmoadgenda di sasamarTlos mier. seqsualuri
damamcirebel mopyrobas. saqmeSi orientaciis gamo britaneTis armi-
arsebuli faqtebidan gamomdinare idan gaTavisuflebul pirTa jgu-
sasamarTlo ar daeTanxma komisias; fis mier Setanili ganacxadis gan-
TumcaRa, sasamarTlom dauSva is xilvisas, sasamarTlom ganacxada,
principi, romlis Sesabamisad, rom igi
aseTi diskriminacia SesaZloa war-
78 ix. saqmeze Cakici v. Turkey 1999 wlis 8
“ar gamoricxavs, rom mopyroba, romelic efuZvneba gadaxras umrav-
ivliss gamotanili ganaCeni, mox-
senebebi 1999, 98-e_99-e punqtebi. lesobis mxridan umciresobis sawinaaRmdegod SesaZloa moxvdes me-3
79 ix. saqmeze Abdulaziz, Cabales and muxlis moqmedebis farglebSi”.79
Balkandali v. the United Kingdom1985 wlis
28 maiss gamotanili ganaCeni, seria Tumca sasamarTlom daadgina, basa da damdgar SedegebTan er-
A # 94, gv. 42, 90-e_91-e punqtebi rom gatarebuli politika, gamoZie- TobliobaSi, ueWvelad tkivils aye-

94
nebda da amcirebda yovel ganmc- zRvramde, romelic mas moaxve-
xadebels, magram saqmis yvela gare- drebda konvenciis me-3 muxlis
moebidan gamomdinare mopyrobas ar ganxilvis sferoSi.80
miuRwevia sisastikis im minimalur

me-3 muxliT gansazRvruli pozitiuri

valdebulebani

evropuli konvenciiT gacxade- goriad: moTxovna, rom samarTle-

buli uflebebi, misi srulyofilad brivma sistemam uzrunvelyos pir-
ganxorcielebis mizniT, dacul Ta dacva Tavdasxmisagan da ara mxo-
unda iqnes praqtikuli da efeqtiani lod saxelmwifos warmomadgenelT-
TvalsazrisiT. arasaTanado mopy- agan, e.w. Drittwirkung-is efeqti; da
robis konteqstSi arasaTanado proceduruli valdebuleba,
mopyrobis aRmkveTi da damcavi romelic gulisxmobs arasaTanado
meqanizmebi Zalian did mniSvnelo- mopyrobis savaraudo SemTxvevebis
bas atarebs. xsenebul garantiaTa gamoZiebas.
moZieba umeteswilad SesaZlebelia
erovnul samarTlebriv sistemaSi, me-3 muxliT gansazRvruli
romelTa Tanaxmadac pirebi dacul proceduruli uflebebi
arian yvela saxis Tavdasxmisagan,
iseve rogorc maT miniWebuli aqvT konvenciis 1-li da me-3 muxlebi
Tavdamsxmelebisagan zianis akisrebs saxelmwifoebs mTel rig
anazRaurebis moTxovna. pozitiur valdebulebebs, romel-
80 ix. saqmeze Smith and Grady v. the United
xsenebuli pozitiuri valde- Ta daniSnulebaa wamebisa da sxva Kingdom 1999 wlis 27 seqtembers gamo-
bulebebi SesaZloa daiyos or kate- arasaTando mopyrobis formebis tanili ganaCeni.

95
 aRkveTa da Sesabamisi anazRaureb- iurisdiqciaSi.
is uzrunvelyofa. saqmeSi Assenov saqmeSi Labita v. Italy sasamarTlom
and Others v. Bulgaria sasamarTlom daadastura xsenebuli valdebule-
daadgina, rom, rodesac piri war- ba, radganac sxvagvarad wamebisa da
moadgens safuZvlian saCivars imas- araadamianuri da damamcirebeli
Tan dakavSirebiT, rom masze mopyrobis zogadi akrZalva misi
ukanonod da me-3 muxlis dar- fundamenturi mniSvnelobidan
RveviT seriozulad ganxorcielda gamomdinare praqtikaSi araefeq-
arasaTanado mopyroba policiis an tiani iqneboda da zogierT
saxelmwifos sxva warmomadgenle- SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos warmo-
bis mier, xsenebuli debuleba, madgenlebs SeeZlebodaT im pirTa
saxelmwifoebze konvenciis 1-li uflebebis darRveva, romlebic
muxliT dakisrebul zogad valde- maTi kontrolis qveS iqnebodnen
bulebasTan erTad, romlis Sesa- virtualuri dausjelobiT.
bamisad, saxelmwifoebi valdebul-
ni arian `TavianTi iurisdiqciis DRITTWIRKUNG-is efeqti
farglebSi, yvelasaTvis uzrun- axlo warsulSi sasamarTlom ga-
velyon [konvenciaSi] gansazRvru- nixila ramdenime saqme, romlebic
li uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi~, moicavda pirTa mimarT damam-
moiTxovs, rom warimarTos ofi- cirebel an araadamianur mopyro-
cialuri gamoZieba. gamoZiebis Sede- bas. xsenebuli mopyroba ufro
gad SesaZlebeli unda iyos pasu- metad ganxorcielebul iqna kerZo
xismgebel pirTa dadgena da dasja. pirebis, vidre saxelmwifos warmo-
TumcaRa, yovel saqmeSi saxelmwi- madgenlebis mier.
fos valdebuleba mxolod da mxo- aRniSnuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas
lod warmoiSoba im arasaTanado sasamarTlom daadgina, Tu raoden
mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT, farToa me-3 muxlis moqmedebis
romelic savaraudod Cadenilia mis areali da aseve naTeli mohfina

96
erT-erT sferos, sadac me-3 mux- maSinac ki, rodesac aseTi arasaTa-
liT dakisrebuli pozitiuri val- nado mopyroba xorcieldeba kerZo
debulebebi Zalze mniSvnelovania. pirebis mier.
xsenebuli tipis situaciebi na- gaerTianebuli samefos erT-
Tels hfens saxelmwifoebze dakis- erT umniSvnelovanes saqmeSi axal-
rebul pasuxismgeblobebs, ro- gazrda biWi sastikad scema mami-
melTa Tanaxmadac, maT unda aamo- nacvalma, romelic SemdgomSi
qmedon is aRmkveTi RonisZiebebi da warsdga marTlmsajulebis winaSe
meqanizmebi, romlebic icaven TavdasxmisaTvis; TumcaRa, gaer-
pirebs araadamianuri mopyrobisa- Tianebuli samefos kanonmdebloba
gan, romeli wyarodanac ar unda nebas rTavda mSobels ganecxadebi-
momdinareobdes aRniSnuli arasa- na da argumentad moeyvana `mSoblis
Tanado mopyroba. mier disciplinaruli sasjelis
rogorc es zemoT iqna naxsenebi, gamoyeneba~, rodesac adgili hqon-
konvenciis 1-li muxlis Tanaxmad, da mSoblis mier Svilze Tavdasxmis
maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebis braldebas.81 bavSvma da misma mamam
valdebuleba, TavianTi iurisdiqci- gaasaCivres xsenebuli kanonmde-
is farglebSi yvelasaTvis uzrun- bloba adamianis uflebaTa evropu-
velyon konvenciaSi gansazRvruli li sasamarTlos winaSe, aRniSnes ra,
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis rom realurad adgili hqonda sa-
dacva, me-3 muxlTan erTad aRebu- marTlebriv sistemaSi xarvezis ar-
li, moiTxovs saxelmwifoebisagan, sebobas, romelic icavda indivi-
raTa maT ganaxorcielon RonisZie- dualur pirebs akrZaluli qmede-
bebi, romelTa daniSnulebaa, bebisagan. sasamarTlom gaiziara
uzrunvelyon, rom maT iurisdiq- msxverplis mosazreba da aRniSna,
ciaSi individualuri pirebi ar dae- rom saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaT
qvemdebaron wamebas an araadamia- calkeul RonisZiebaTa ganxor-
nur an damamcirebel mopyrobas, cieleba, raTa TavianTi iurisdiqci- 81 1998 wlis 23 seqtembris ganaCeni, 1998-VI.

97
 is farglebSi individualuri pire- an meTvalyureobis qveS, magali-
bi ar daeqvemdebaron wamebas an Tad, maTi mzrunvelobisa da ze-
araadamianur an damamcirebel damxedvelobis qveS.
mopyrobas an sasjels.82 dadgenil iqna, rom gaer-
analogiurad, uaxles saqmeebSi Tianebul samefoSi socialuri sam-
sasamarTlom naTeli gaxada, rom saxurebis mier ugulebelyofasTan
saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaT dakavSirebul sxva sarCelebSi ad-
RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba, gili hqonda me-3 muxlis darRvevas.
romelTa daniSnulebaa imis uzrun- erT-erT saqmeSi oTxma ganmcxade-
velyofa, rom maTi iurisdiqciis belma bavSvma ganicada Zaladoba
farglebSi individualuri pirebi kerZo pirebisagan. udavo iyo, rom
ar daeqvemdebaron wamebas an araa- aRniSnulma qmedebam gadalaxa
damianur an damamcirebel mopyro- araadamianuri da damamcirebeli
bas, maT Soris kerZo pirebis mier mopyrobis zRvari. am mopyrobis
ganxorcielebul arasaTanado Sesaxeb ecnoba adgilobrivi xelis-
mopyrobasac. xsenebuli RonisZie- uflebis organos. kanonmdeblobis
bebi unda uzrunvelyofdes gan- Sesabamisad, xelisuflebis organo
sakuTrebiT bavSvebisa da daucve- valdebuli iyo, daecva bavSvebi,
li pirebis efeqtian dacvas da unda risTvisac mas gaaCnda saTanado
moicavdes gonivrul nabijebs, uflebamosileba, maT Soris, bavSve-
raTa aRkveTil iqnes is arasaTana- bis sacxovrebeli adgilebidan ga-
do mopyroba, romlis Sesaxebac dayvanac ki. TumcaRa, bavSvebi ay-
xelisuflebis organoebma icodnen vanil iqnen sagangebo mzrunvelo-
an unda scodnodaT. igive calsa- bis qveS mxolod da mxolod dedis
xad exeba im situaciebs, rodesac daJinebuli moTxovnis Sedegad sak-
82 ix. saqmeze A v. the United Kingdom 1998 individualuri pirebi imyofebian maod mogvianebiT. oTxnaxevari wlis
wlis 23 seqtembers gamotanili gana- xelisuflebis adgilobrivi orga- ganmavlobaSi bavSvebma miiRes Tavi-
Ceni, 1998-VI, 22-e punqti. noebis pirdapiri pasuxismgeblobis anT saxlSi `saSineli gamocdileba~,

98
rogorc es daadastura mkurnalma evropulma sasamarTlom, aRiara
fsiqiatrma. gaerTianebuli same- ra socialuri samsaxurebis mier
fos sisxlis samarTaldarRvevis rTuli da mniSvnelovani gadawy-
Sedegad miyenebuli zianis kompen- vetilebebis miRebis faqtori da
sirebis kolegiam aseve daadgina, ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemisa
rom bavSvebi eqvemdebarebodnen da dacvis Tanafardobis mniS-
saSinel ugulebelyofas xan- vnelovani principi, daadgina, rom
grZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi da winamdebare saqme ueWvels xdida
ganicades fizikuri da fsiqolo- sistemis xarvezs, daecva ganmc-
giuri dazianebebi, romlebic pir- xadebeli bavSvebi seriozuli xan-
dapir iqna gamowveuli Zaladobrivi grZlivi ugulebelyofisa da
danaSaulisagan. Zaladobisagan.83

83 ix. saqmeze Z and Others v. the United

Kingdom 2001 wlis 10 maiss gamotanili
ganaCeni.

99
 reagireba arasaTanado mopyrobasTan dakavSirebul
ganacxadebaze

wamebis akrZalva moiTxovs sif- srulyofili da efeqtiani, ris Sede-

xizlis maRal dones sasamarTlo gadac SesaZlebeli iqneba nebismieri
organoebis mxridan da sasamarTlo damnaSavis aRmoCena da dasja.
organoebs ayenebs riskis winaSe, aRniSnuli amocanis gansaxor-
rom Seurigdnen me-3 muxlis dar- cieleblad sasamarTlo organoebs
Rvevas, iseve rogorc sakuTari unda SeeZloT gamoavlinon da
qmedebebiT ganapirobon diskre- swored gaanalizon, rodesac
ciuli darRvevebi. qmedeba xelyofs me-3 muxlSi mox-
prima facie valdebulebis garda, seniebul akrZalvas, xolo, darRve-
romlis Tanaxmadac sasamarTlo or- vis SemTxvevaSi, unda SeZlon Sesa-
ganoebi ar unda CaerTon akrZalul bamisi anazRaurebis miniWeba.
qmedebebSi, rogoricaa ukanono sas- pretenziebTan dakavSirebiT
jelis daweseba, sasamarTlo orga- adekvaturi sapasuxo RonisZiebe-
noebs ekisrebaT umniSvnelovanesi bis gautareblobam SesaZloa wamoW-
valdebuleba, gamoiZion me-3 muxlis ras me-3 muxlis calkeuli da dis-
darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli pre- kreciuli darRveva sasamarTlo
tenziebi. radganac winamdebare mux- organoebis mxridan. mas SeiZleba
lis darRveva warmoadgens adamianis adgili hqondes, rodesac me-3 mux-
umniSvnelovanesi da fundamenturi lis procesualuri aspeqtebi ar
uflebebis garantiebis darRvevas, yofila Sesrulebuli, an radganac
xsenebul pretenziebTan dakavSire- sasamarTlo organoebis mxridan mo-
buli gamoZieba unda warimarTos ma- qmedebam Tu umoqmedobam Tavad
Ral doneze – gamoZieba unda iyos gamoiwvia aseTi tanjva im pirebSi,

100
romlebic cdilobdnen kanonmde- faqtis analogiuri gauqarwylebeli
blobiT gansazRvruli dacvis sa- prezumfciidan.84
Sualebebis mopovebas. rodesac xelisuflebis erovnul
sasamarTlo organoebs unda organoebs evalebaT wamebis, an
hqondeT saSualebebi, raTa pirebs araadamianuri mopyrobis savarau-
SesTavazon da ganaxorcielon efeq- do SemTxvevebis gamoZieba, mtkice-
tiani dacva akrZaluli qmedebebi- bis tvirTi zogadad damokidebuli
sagan. es niSnavs, rom sakanonmdeb- iqneba imaze, Tu romel sferos –
lo sistema adekvaturad unda iyos sisxlis samarTlebrivsa Tu samo-
mowyobili da gamoyenebuli efeq- qalaqos – ganekuTvneba gamoZieba.
tiani dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. Tumca, arsebobs mtkicebis tvir-
sakanonmdeblo sistemaSi arsebuli Tis aspeqtebi, romlebic xelisuf-
xarvezebi ganapirobebs sasamarT- lebis erovnulma organoebma unda
lo organoebis mier me-3 muxlis gamoiyenon gamoZiebis warmarTvis
potenciur darRvevas. dros, raTa maTi qmedebebi Sesaba-
misobaSi iyos me-3 muxlis moTx-
wamebasTan dakavSirebuli ovnebTan. ase magaliTad, sasamarT-
pretenziebis gamoZieba lom naTeli gaxada, rom rodesac
piri ayvanilia policiis mier patim-
standarti, romelsac sasamarT- robaSi sruliad janmrTeli, magram
lo adgens me-3 muxlis darRvevas- mas aReniSneba dazianebebi gaTavi- 84 Ireland-is saqme, 161-e punqti.
85 ix. saqmeze Tomasi v. France 1992 wlis
Tan dakavSirebiT, warmodgenil suflebisas, mtkicebis tvirTi eki- 27 agvistos gamotanili ganaCeni, se-
mtkicebulebebTan mimarTebaSi sreba xelisuflebis organoebs, ria A # 241-A, gv. 40-41, 108-e_111-e
mdgomareobs `gonivruli eWvis miR- raTa maT warmoadginon jerovani punqtebi; saqmeze Ribitsch v. Austria
ma~. aseTi mtkicebuleba SesaZloa axsna-ganmarteba dazianebebis war- 1995 wlis 4 dekembers gamotanili ga-
naCeni, moxsenebebi 1996 w., gv. 26,
gamomdinareobdes sakmarisad moSobasTan dakavSirebiT.85 34-e punqti ; saqmeze Aksoy v. Turkey 1996
Zlieri, naTeli da erTmniSvnelova- erovnul konteqstSi zemo- wlis 18 dekembers gamotanili ganaCeni,
ni miniSnebebis Tanaarsebobis an xsenebuli moiTxovs, rom gamoZie- gv. 17, 61-e punqti.

101
 bis organoebma aseve unda aRZran dausjelobiT daerRviaT im pirTa
gamoZieba da mokvleva imis uflebebi, romlebic maTi kontro-
safuZvelze, rom, Tu msxverpli lis qveS imyofebian.
warmoadgens prima facie mtkice- gamoZieba srulyofili da efeq-
bulebas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom tiani unda iyos, raTa daakmayofi-
gaTavisuflebis momentSi mas miRe- los me-3 muxlis zemoxsenebuli
buli aqvs dazianeba, miuxedavad moTxovnebi. mosamarTleebi da
imisa, rom patimrobaSi ayvanisas is gamoZiebaze zedamxedveli pirebi
sruliad janmrTeli iyo, mtkice- gansakuTrebuli sifxizliT unda
bis tvirTi, Tu ra gziT warmoiSva ekidebodnen gamoZiebis procesSi
dazianebebi, ekisrebaT patimrobis Cadenil iseT darRvevebs, romelTa
ganmaxorcielebel xelisuflebis arsebobac komisiam da sasamarTlom
organoebs. daadgines sxva samarTlebriv siste-
iseve rogorc me-2 muxlis Sesa- mebSi. maT, vinc Tvalyurs adevneben
bamisad warmarTuli gamoZiebisas, gamoZiebas, unda uzrunvelyon, rom
wamebasa da araadamianur mopyro- • prokurorebma an gamomZie-
basTan dakavSirebiT warmarTuli blebma ar ugulebelyon an
gamoZiebis Sedegad SesaZlebeli winaaRmdegoba gauwion uSiS-
unda iyos qmedebis Camden pirTa roebis Zalebis an policiis
gamovlena da dasja. winaaRmdeg muSakTa dakiTxvas an Cvene-
SemTxvevaSi, wamebisa da araadamia- bis CamorTmevas maT mier ara-
nuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobisa saTanado qmedebis Cadenis
da sasjelis akrZalva, misi funda- mtkicebasTan dakavSirebiT.
menturi mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, • prokurorebma an gamomZie-
praqtikaSi araefeqtiani iqneboda blebma gadadgan aucilebeli
da zogierT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebe- nabijebi im dokumenturi ma-
li gaxdeboda saxelmwifos warmo- salebis gadasamowmeblad,
madgenlebisaTvis virtualuri romlebsac SeuZlia gamoamJRav-

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 non simarTle an arasaTanado dakavSirebiT.
mopyrobis sxva mxareebi, ma- • prokurorebma ar daayovnon
galiTad, cixis Jurnali, an mtkicebulebaTa an ganmc-
moipovon nebismieri Seu- xadeblebisa Tu mowmeebisa-
Tavsebloba, Seusabamoba an gan Cvenebebis mopoveba.
xarvezi policiisa Tu uSiS- • prokurorebma swrafi rea-
roebis Zalebis mier war- gireba moaxdinon arasaTana-
modgenil informaciaSi. do mopyrobis xilvadi niSne-
• prokurorebma miiRon zomebi bis an arasaTanado mopyro-
damoukidebeli gamamyarebeli basTan dakavSirebuli saCiv-
mtkicebulebebis, maT Soris, rebis arsebobisas. saqmeSi
sasamarTlo samedicino mtki- Aksoy v. Turkey, miuxedavad
cebulebebis moZiebis mizniT, imisa, rom prokurors unda
romlebic dakavSirebuli daenaxa is mravali dazianeba,
iqneba savaraudo wamebis ga- romlebic ganicada ganmc-
nacxadTan. saqmeSi Aydin v. xadebelma, man aranairi rea-
Turkey, miuxedavad ganmcxade- gireba ar moaxdina. analogiu-
blis mier wardgenili saCiv- ri situacia ganviTarda
risa, romlis Tanaxmadac, igi Tekin-isa da Akkoç-is saqmeebSi.
gaaupatiures patimrobaSi • prokurorebma warmarTon
yofnis dros, prokurorma ar gamoZieba aqtiurad da mkacrad
moiTxova Sesabamisi samedi- im damnaSaveebis winaaRmdeg,
cino Semowmebis Catareba da romlebic arian saxelmwifo
msxverpli gaagzavna qalwu- struqturebis warmomadgen-
lobis Semowmebaze, imis lebi. zogierT saqmeSi wameba-
magivrad, rom moepovebina Si monawile damnaSaveTa
mtkicebuleba Zaladobriv devnis nacvlad, prokurore-
seqsualur urTierTobasTan bi irCevdnen aSkara msxverp-

103
 lis mimarT aReZraT gamoZie- arian da arasaTanado mopyro-
ba arasaTanado qcevasTan bis raime niSani kanonieri
dakavSirebiT. ase magaliTad, qmedebis Sedegia, an gamo-
saqmeSi Ilhan v. Turkey, romel- wveulia momCivanis sakuTari
Sic ganmcxadebelma miiRo qceviT. aRniSnuls xSirad aqvs
dazianeba dakavebis periodSi, adgili, maSin rodesac saqme
mis winaaRmdeg aRZrul iqna exeba wamebasTan dakavSirebul
gamoZieba im faqtze, rom igi pretenzias.86
ar daemorCila uSiSroebis sxva sfero, romelSic saWiroa
Zalebis mier gacemul gaCere- gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebuli stan-
bis brZanebas, maSin rodesac dartebis mokvleva, maRal doneze
raime qmedeba ar yofila gan- unda idges samedicino da sasamarT-
xorcielebuli uSiSroebis lo samedicino gamokvlevis sfero.
Zalebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic radganac sarwmuno samedicino is-
mas sastikad moepyrnen. toriis warmodgena SesaZloa iyos
• prokurorebma ar unda ganax- gadamwyveti faqtori or sapirispiro
orcielon gansxvavebuli an Cvenebas Soris, mniSvnelovania, rom
SezRuduli midgoma samar- mtkicebuleba ara mxolod xelmi-
Taldamcavi Tu uSiSroebis sawvdomi, aramed aseve damoukidebe-
Zalebis TanamSromelTa mi- li da jerovani iyos. sasamarTlom
marT, maT mier samarTaldar- winaT daadgina problemebis arse-
Rvevis CadenasTan dakavSire- boba, romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo
biT warmodgenili pretenzie- me-3 muxliT dadgenil procedurul
86 ix. saqmeze Aydin v. Turkey gamotanili bis ignorirebis an ugulebel- uflebebTan im saqmeebSi, romlebSic
ganaCeni 106-e punqti; saqmeze Aksoy v. yofis mizniT. kerZod, proku- adgili hqonda:
Turkey gamotanili ganaCeni, komisiis
moxseneba, 189-e punqti; saqmeze Cakici
rorebma ar unda miiCnion, rom • patimrebis araadekvatur sa-
v. Turkey gamotanili ganaCeni, komisiis saxelmwifo struqturebis samarTlo samedicino eqsper-
moxseneba, 284-e punqti. warmomadgenlebi marTlebi tizas, maT Soris iseT eqsper-

104
 tizas, romelic warmarTuli SeeqmnaT prokurorebis uflebamo-
ar iyo Sesabamisad kvalificire- silebas, raTa gamoiZion saxelmwi-
buli samedicino muSakis mier;87 fo xelisuflebis organoebis
• mokle, aradetaluri samedi- calkeul warmomadgenelTa mier Ca-
cino istoriisa da cnobebis denili danaSaulebi, rogoricaa
gamoyenebas, romlebic ar prokuroris damoukidebloba,
moicavs ganmcxadeblis pre- romelic exeba mis gadawyvetilebas
tenziebTan dakavSirebul awarmoos gamoZieba wamebis Camden-
aRweras an sxva saxis daskvnas; Ta mimarT.
gamoZiebis meore problematuri
• policiis warmomadgenlebisa-
aspeqti SesaZloa iyos ganmcxadeb-
Tvis samedicino istoriis
lis an savaraudo msxverplis naTe-
Riad gadacemas;
savis mier dacvis saSualebaze xelmi-
• gardacvlil pirTa araadek- sawvdomobis arqona, maT Soris, mim-
vatur sasamarTlo samedici- dinare samarTalwarmoebasTan
no gamokvlevas, maT Soris dakavSirebuli informaciis an
iseT samedicino istoriebs, gamoZiebis Sedegebis gaucemloba; da
romlebic ar moicavs dazi- informaciis ararseboba an informa-
anebebis jerovan aRweras; ciis miwodebis dagvianeba incident-
• sxeulze arsebuli niSnebisa- Si monawile piris naTesavebisaTvis.
Tvis fotosuraTebis argada- yvela zemoaRniSnuli xarvezi
Rebas da maTi Seumowmeblad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gaamwvavebs
datoveba an arasakmarisi arsebul danaSaulebs, Tu adgili
87 ix. komisiis moxseneba saqmeze Cakici v.
saeqsperto codnis mqone aqvs gavrcelebuli darRvevebis ar-
Turkey. ix. saqmeze Aydin v. Turkey gamo-
eqimis mier ganxorcielebul sebobas.88 qvemoT aris ganmartebuli, tanili ganaCeni, 107-e punqti.
Semowmebas. Tu ra igulisxmoba xsenebulSi. 88 ix. saqme Labita v. Italy, ganacxadi
# 26772/95, 121-e punqti, ECHR 2000-
aseve mniSvnelovania, rom raime IV, ix. saqme Dikme v. Turkey, ganacxadi
samarTlebrivi dabrkoleba ar # 20869/92, 2000 wlis 11 ivlisi.

105
 gamoZiebis arasrulyofilad reba niSnavs, rom, marTalia, qmede-
warmarTva bebi miCneulia arakanonierad, isini
Sewynarebulia imgvarad, rom maT
maSin, rodesac pretenziebTan
dakavSirebiT ar xdeba srulyofi- aRkveTaze pasuxismgebeli pirebi,
li da jerovani gamoZiebis warmarT- imis miuxedavad, rom ician aseT
va, samarTaldamcavi organoebi qmedebaTa Cadenis Sesaxeb, ar iRe-
amiT warmoqmnian araadamianuri ben raime RonisZiebas maTi Camdeni
mopyrobis Camdeni damnaSaveebis pirebis dasjis an maTi ganmeorebis
dausjelobis sindromis danergvis aRkveTis mizniT; an xelisuflebis
safrTxes. rodesac arsebobs aseTi ufro maRali organo, mravali pre-
dausjeloba, SesaZlebelia iTqvas, tenziis miuxedavad, gamoxatavs in-
rom adgili aqvs administraciul diferentulobas pretenziebis
praqtikas an me-3 muxlis darRvevis dasabuTebulobisa Tu maTi usa-
politikis Sewynarebas. fuZvlobisaTvis saWiro gamoZiebis
1970-ian wlebSi CrdiloeT ir- warmarTvaze uariT, an sasamarTlo
landiasTan dakavSirebiT Setanil samarTalwarmoebis dros ar war-
saqmeebSi, upirvelesad, individu- moebs aseTi pretenziebis sa-
aluri pirebi Ciodnen, rom isini ara marTliani ganxilva.90
marto wamebis, aramed konvenciis amitomac, oficialuri Semwy-
sawinaaRmdego praqtikis msxver- nareblobis koncefcia asaxavs ga-
plnic iyvnen.89 cilebiT mets, vidre calkeuli praq-
praqtikis Semadgenel elemen- tikis mxardaWera. ufro zustad igi
tebs warmoadgens qmedebis ganmeo- asaxavs xelisuflebis organoebis
radoba da oficialuri Sewynareba. midgomasa da reagirebas aseTi praq-
qmedebis ganmeoradoba niSnavs tikis arsebobisadmi an im mtkicebu-
89 ix. saqme Donnelly and Others v. the United
Kingdom, 4 DR 4 qmedebaTa mniSvnelovan raodeno- lebebisadmi, romelTa Tanaxmadac
90 ix. Greek-is saqmeze arsebuli mox- bas, romlebic gamoxatavs zogad aseTi praqtika arsebobs. amasTan
seneba, gv. 195-196. mdgomareobas. oficialuri Sewyna- dakavSirebiT oficialuri Semwyna-

106
reblobis sakiTxi fokusirebas ganmeorebas, da am miznis misaRwevad
axdens xelisuflebis organoebis gadadgmul nabijTa efeqtianobaze.
qmedebaze, bolo mouRon qmedebaTa komisiam daadgina, rom
“administraciuli praqtika SesaZloa arsebobdes konkretuli kanon-
mdeblobis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi da TviT am kanonmdeblobis sa-
winaaRmdegodac ki ... sakiTxi, romelic unda gadawydes, aris is, efeq-
tianad moqmedebdnen Tu ara xelisuflebis maRali organoebi qmede-
baTa ganmeorebisaTvis bolos moRebis mizniT”.91
konvenciis Tanaxmad, aRebuli manentulad mimdinareobs.
valdebuleba, romlis Sesabamisa- aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom mxo-
dac uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes, lod kompensacia, konvenciis damr-
rom saxelmwifos warmomadgenleb- RvevTa mimarT qmedebebis ganxor-
ma ar daarRvion konvencia, niSnavs, cielebis gareSe, faqtiurad nebas
rom xelisuflebis organoebis mier aZlevs saxelmwifos, magaliTad,
ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi, rom- wamebis saqmeSi, gadaixados wamebis
lebic mimarTulia qmedebaTa ganme- uflebis mopovebisaTvis.
orebis aRkveTisaken, ar SeiZleba gamoZiebis arwarmarTva aram-
CaiTvalos arsebuli oficialuri xolod procesualur aspeqtebs ar-
Semwynareblobis dacvad. aqedan Rvevs, aramed upasuxod datovebis
gamomdinare mTavrobebs unda See- sistemam SesaZloa Tu ara gamoiwvi-
ZloT ara mxolod warmoadginon os saxelmwifos subsidiaruli pa-
gamoZiebis calkeuli magaliTebi suxismgebloba msxverplis ojaxis
(gansakuTrebiT is saqmeebi, rom- wevrebTan mimarTebaSi: isev da isev
lebmac miipyres sazogadoebisa da Kurt-is saqmeSi sasamarTlom daad-
mediis yuradReba), aramed warmoa- gina, rom saqmis konkretuli gare-
Cinon, rom savaraudo damnaSaveTa moebebidan gamomdinare ganmcxade- 91 ix. 1983 wlis 6 dekembris gadawy-
mimarT mokvleva da gamoZieba per- belma ganicada me-3 muxlis darR- vetileba, 35 DR 143, 164.

107
 veva. sasamarTlom, kerZod, miuTi- Tonac xelisuflebis organoebis
Ta im faqtze, rom ganmcxadebeli ugulebelyofis msxverpli mis
iyo adamianis uflebaTa seriozuli mier gancdili tkivilisa da miRe-
darRvevis msxverplis deda da Tvi- buli stresis gamo.

108
sxva saerTaSoriso standartebi

rekomendaciebi 1979 wlis deklaracia, evro-

pis sabWos saparlamento asam-
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
bleis 690-e rezolucia;
konvenciis garda arsebobs aseve
rigi sxva saerTaSoriso standarte- • gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
bi, romlebic sasamarTlo xelisu- nizaciis 1979 wlis qcevis ko-
flebis organoebma unda gaiTvali- deqsi samarTaldamcavi orga-
swinon, rodesac srulad axor- noebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis;
cieleben wamebis sawinaaRmdego • gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
brZolis garantiebs, maT Sorisaa: nizaciis 1988 wlis principe-
• gaerTianebuli erebis orga- bis erToblioba piris nebi-
nizaciis 1957 wlisa da 1977 smieri saxiT dapatimrebasa
wlis standartebi patimarTa da cixeSi moTavsebasTan
mopyrobis minimaluri wese- dakavSirebiT;
bis Sesaxeb; • gaerTianebuli erebis orga-
• evropis sabWos ministrTa nizaciis 1990 wlis wesebi
komitetis # R(73)5 rekomen- TavisuflebaaRkveTil ara-
dacia evropis sabWos stan- srulwlovanTa dacvasTan
dartebi patimarTa mopyrobis dakavSirebiT;
minimaluri wesebis Sesaxeb; • gaerTianebuli erebis organiza-
• evropis sabWos ministrTa ciis 1985 wlis standartuli mi-
komitetis # R(87)3 rekomen- nimaluri wesebi arasrul-
dacia evropuli peniten- wlovanTa mimarT marTlmsaju-
cialuri wesebis Sesaxeb; lebisganxorcielebasTandakav-
• policiasTan dakavSirebuli SirebiT (`pekinis wesebi~).

109
 CPT-Tan TanamSromloba da naruli Senobebi, sadac xorcield-
misi rekomendaciebis eba samxedro pirTa patimroba).
mimoxilva aseT adgilebSi eqspertebs ufle-
ba aqvT Tavisuflad daukavSirdnen
TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs yo-
evropis sabWom aseve miiRo 1994
wels wamebisa da araadamianuri an velgvari mowmis gareSe, anu iseTive
damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis modeliT, rogorc amas axorcielebs
aRkveTis konvencia. evropis sabWos wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso
yvela wevrma saxelmwifom moaxdina komiteti (ICRC). konvenciis erT-erT
konvenciis ratificireba.92 mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebels war-
konvenciis Tanaxmad Seiqmna moadgens CPT-sa da wevr saxelmwi-
komiteti (CPT), romelic Sedgeba foebs Soris TanamSromloba.
imdenive damoukidebeli da miuke- saxelmwifos valdebulebis, romel-
rZoebeli, sxvadasxva profesiebis ic gulisxmobs TanamSromlobas, Tan-
mqone eqspertisagan, ramdeni mdev Sedegs warmoadgens mTliani
saxelmwifo mxarec arsebobs. amas- proceduruli konfidencialuroba.
Tan, komiteti axorcielebs peri- vizitTan dakavSirebuli moxseneba
odul da ad hoc vizitebs xelSem- da mTavrobisadmi gagzavnili reko-
kvreli saxelmwifoebis iurisdiq- mendaciebi konfidencialuria,
ciaSi myof yvela im adgilas, sadac garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mTav-
pirebs aRkveTili aqvT Tavisufle- roba gadawyvets maT gamoqveynebas.
ba xelisuflebis organoebis mier pirveli oqmi, romelmac cvlilebe-
(rogoricaa: cixeebi, policiisa da bi Seitana konvenciaSi, Rias xdis kon-
Jandarmeriis dawesebulebebi, vencias evropis sabWos arawevri
sajaro Tu kerZo saavadmyofoebi, saxelmwifoebisaTvisac, romelTac
92 gamoqveynebis droisaTvis (2005 wlis
ivnisi) erTaderT gamonakliss war- sadac imyofebian pacientebi, ministrTa komiteti moiwvevs mi-
moadgens monako, romelic sul axlax- ucxoelTa administraciuli saRebad.
ans gaxda evropis sabWos wevri. dakavebis centrebi da discipli- CPT yoveli vizitis ganxor-

110
cielebisas iZleva rekomendaciebs os patimrobis autaneli pirobebi,
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra gzebiT es xSirad nawilobriv gamomdinare-
aris SesaZlebeli garantiebis (sa- obs kanonmdeblobisa da damkvid-
marTlebrivi da praqtikuli) gaum- rebuli praqtikidan, romelic nebas
jobeseba. rogorc es zemoT iqna rTavs xangrZliv winaswar patim-
aRniSnuli, is pirebi, romlebsac robaze, romelic gaumarTlebelia
aRkveTili aqvT Tavisufleba gan- piris gaqcevis safrTxiT an eWvmi-
sakuTrebiT ususurni arian maT tanilis mier ganxorcielebuli
winaaRmdeg potenciuri wamebis an SeTqmulebiT. iq sadac aseTi kanon-
araadamianuri mopyrobis ganxor- mdebloba da praqtika jer kidev
cielebasTan dakavSirebiT. es aseve arsebobs, isini unda Seicvalos raTa
SesaZloa zogadi magaliTis nawilic aRkveTil iqnes gadatenvis situa-
iyos, romelSic patimrobis pirobe- ciebi. gansakuTrebuli SeSfoTeba am
bi TviT Zalian mniSvnelovan zians mxriv ikveTeba bavSvebis winaswar pa-
ayenebs patimrebis sulier da timrobasTan dakavSirebiT, radgan
fizikur mdgomareobas da SesaZloa bavSvebi yvelaze ufro ususurebi
warmoadgendes arasaTanado mopy- arian arasaTanado mopyrobasTan mi-
robas da TviT wamebasac ki. marTebaSi.
xelisuflebis yvela im organom, CPT-im wina moxsenebebSi aseve
romelsac kavSiri aqvs patimrebTan, aRniSna, rom ufro zeviT mdgomi
konkretuli yuradReba unda miaq- ekonomiuri garemoebebi aZnelebs
cios CPT-is mier miRebul rekomen- komitetis moTxovnebis dakmayo-
daciebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu filebas, miuxedavad xelisufle-
ra gziT aris SesaZlebeli pirobebi- bis organoebis keTili nebisa. ase
sa da garantiebis gaumjobeseba. rom komitetma daiwyo imis asaxva
magaliTad, rodesac saxezea Tu ra gziT aris SesaZlebeli saki-
metismeti simWidrovis problemebi, Txisadmi ufro aqtiuri midgomis
romlebmac SesaZlebelia gamoiwvi- SemuSaveba misi rekomendaciebis

111
 implementaciasTan dakavSirebiT qmedebs, rogorc garantia maT
da mianiSna, rom Sesaferis winaaRmdeg, vinc apirebs wamebisa
SemTxvevebSi pozitiurma da araadamianuri mopyrobis gan-
RonisZiebebma, romlebic mimarTu- xorcielebas.
li iqneba imisaken, rom daxmareba sasamarTlo samedicino eqsper-
aRmouCndeT saxelmwifoebs tizasTan erTad, romelic saWiroa
komitetis rekomendaciebis imple- wamebasTan dakavSirebuli preten-
mentaciaSi, SesaZloa xeli Seuwyos ziebis gamosaZieblad, mniSvnelova-
problemis gadaWras. nia, rom xsenebuli eqspertiza
gamoyenebul iqnes rogorc danaSau-
sasamarTlo samedicino lis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli iaraRi.
mtkicebuleba xSir SemTxvevaSi araadamianuri
CPT-im sajaro gancxadebaSi aR- mopyroba an wameba xorcieldeba imi-
niSna, rom Tuki dakmayofilebuli ar saTvis, raTa mopovebul iqnes aRi-
iqneba damoukideblobis, speciali- areba an informacia, rac gamosade-
zirebuli treningisa da farTo man- gi iqneba danaSaulis gaxsnisaTvis.
datis kriteriumebi sasamarTlo sa- maSin rodesac saxezea sasamarTlo
medicino personalis mier, maSin samedicino eqspertizis mcire
sistema iqoniebs sawinaaRmdego gav- resursebi, raTa daxmareba iqnes aR-
lenas wamebasa da arasaTanado mopy- moCenili danaSaulTan brZolaSi,
robis brZolasTan mimarTebaSi.93 xorcieldeba SedarebiT didi mo-
amitomac Zalian mniSvnelovania, culobiT zewola informaciis mo-
rom yovelma samarTlebrivma sis- povebaze wamebisa da araadamianuri
temam uzrunvelyos damoukideli mopyrobis saSualebiT.
institutis arseboba, romelic da- xsenebulis damxmared SesaZloa
kompleqtebuli iqneba sasamarTlo warmovidginoT moTxovna yvela
93 CPT-is sajaro gancxadeba TurqeTTan samedicino eqspertebisagan da mosamarTlisa da prokuroris mi-
dakavSirebiT, 1996 w. farTo mandati, romelic imo- marT, romlis Tanaxmadac es uka-

112
nasknelni absoluturad Seuwy- darRvevis msxverpls sasamarTlo
narebelni unda iyvnen patimris an organoebis umoqmedobis Sedegad,
eWvmitanilis mimarT araadamianuri damokidebuli iqneba specialuri
mopyrobis Sedegad ukanono gziT faqtorebis arsebobaze, romelic
mopovebul informaciasTan mima- ganmcxadeblis tanjvas gan-
rTebaSi. informacia, romelic mo- sakuTrebul moculobasa da sxvao-
povebulia aseTi meTodebis gamo- bas aniWebs emociuri stresisagan
yenebiT, avtomaturad unda war- gansxvavebiT, romelic bunebrivad
moadgendes dauSvebel mtkice- warmoeSobaT adamianis uflebaTa
bulebas da uaryofil unda iqnes. seriozuli darRvevis msxverplis
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos im infor- naTesavebs.
maciis usafuZvloba, romelic mo- xsenebul konteqstSi yvelaze
povebul iqna iseT garemoebebSi, sa- mniSvnelovania, rom arsebobdes
dac adgili hqonda araadamianur patimrebis gaTavisuflebis Sem-
mopyrobas an wamebas. dgom samedicino Semowmebis da-
problema wamoiWreba maSin, rode- moukidebeli da jerovani sistema.
sac patimari mimarTavs prokurors wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropulma
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom daeqvem- komitetma (CPT) aseve xazgasmiT
debara arakanonier mopyrobas, ma- aRniSna, rom jerovani samedicino
gram prokurori raime interess ar Semowmeba umniSvnelovanesi garan-
iCens SemTxvevisadmi. unda ganxor- tiaa cixeSi myofi pirebis mimarT
cieldes mcdelobebi, raTa CaxSo- arasaTanado mopyrobis gamoyene-
bil iqnes nebismieri tendencia, bis sawinaaRmdegod.
romelic mimarTuli iqneba polici- aseTi samedicino Semowmebebi
is dacvisaken da ara gansaxilveli unda ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi kva-
SemTxvevis obieqturad gansjisaken. lifikaciis mqone eqimis mier da mas
warmoadgens Tu ara ojaxis wevri ar unda eswrebodes policiis warmo-
me-3 muxlis proceduruli mxaris madgeneli. samedicino daskvna unda

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 moicavdes aramarto aRmoCenili xsenebulis aRmosafxvrelad
Wrilobebis detalebs, aramed aseve sasamarTlo organoebma unda gana-
pacientis mier warmodgenil axsna- xorcielon nebismieri mcdeloba
ganmartebas, Tu rogor gaCnda isini raTa uzrunvelyon, rom patimreb-
da aseve eqimis mosazrebas imasTan is uflebebi daculia kanoniT da
dakavSirebiT Seesabameba Tu ara aR- xorcieldeba praqtikaSi. aseTi
moCenili Wrilobebi warmodgenil uflebebi moicavs procedurul
axsna-ganmartebas. uflebebsac, rogoricaa patimre-
zedapiruli da koleqtiuri sa- bis Sesabamisi saqmeebi da regis-
medicino Semowmebebi, romlebic tracia, imis miTiTeba, Tu rodis
warmodgenilia winamdebare iqna piri dapatimrebuli, vis mier,
SemTxvevaSi, xelyofs xsenebuli sad unda iqnes piri ganTavsebuli
garantiis safuZvlianobasa da da misi nebismieri gadaadgileba an
efeqtianobas. adremoqmedam komi- gadayvana.
siam da sasamarTlom daadastures sxva garantiebi moicavs advokat-
xsenebuli pozicia.94 sa da eqimze xelmisawvdomobas pa-
timrobis pirvelive etapze. patim-
samarTaldamcavi organoebis robis yvela SemTxveva unda eqvemde-
qmedebaTa xasiaTi barebodes kanonis uzenaesobasa da
faqtobrivad, arasaTanado mopy- Sesabamisi sasamarTlo xelisufle-
robis umetes SemTxvevebs adgili aqvs bis ganxorcielebaze uflebamosili
policis dawesebulebaSi patimrobis moxelis gadasinjvas.
dros, dakavebis pirvel saaTebSi, sxva yvela sakanonmdeblo, ad-
rodesac akrZalulia advokatze an ministraciuli, sasamarTlo Tu
eqimze xelmisawvdomoba da dauSvebe- sxva RonisZieba, romelic mimarTu-
lia ojaxis wevrebTan raime kontaq- lia wamebisa da arasaTanado mopy-
94 ix. saqmeze Aydin v. Turkey 2000 wlis 10 ti. mizans zogadad warmoadgens aRi- robis akrZalvisaken unda ganxor-
oqtombers gamotanili ganaCeni. arebis mopoveba. cieldes da gatarebul iqnes sasa-

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marTlo organoebis mier. xsenebu- aRiarebaze, rogorc mtkicebule-
li RonisZiebebi moicavs Tavisuf- baze dayrdnobis uaryofa, raTa sa-
lebisa da usafrTxoebis uflebisa marTaldamcavi organoebis warmo-
da samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxil- madgenlebs ar hqondeT imisken
vis uflebis pativiscemas, daki- miswrafeba, rom gaumarTlebeli Za-
Txvis wesebis gadasinjvas, kanon- ladobis Sedegad moipovon aRiareba.
mdeblobas, romlis Tanaxmadac
wamebis Sedegad miRebuli mtkice- daZabulobisa da
buleba, maT Soris aRiareba, gamoi- konfliqturi situaciebi
ricxeba sasamarTlo samarTalwar- marTalia, SesaZloa dasaSvebad
moebidan, patimrobis adgilebis da- miviCnioT, rom wamebis akrZalva ab-
moukidebeli da regularuli Se- solutur xasiaTs atarebs, uSiS-
mowmeba, non-refoulement principis roebis safuZvelze mainc xSirad
pativiscema, wamebis akrZalvasTan xdeba arasaTanado mopyrobis
dakavSirebuli informaciisa da yvelaze ufro sastiki da ga-
treningebis organizeba, gan- vrcelebuli praqtikis gamoyeneba.
sakuTrebiT prokurorebisa da nebismieri mcdeloba, romlis
mosamarTleebisaTvis, samar- Tanaxmadac ugulebelyofil unda
Taldamcavi organoebis, policiisa iqnes wamebis sawinaaRmdego garan-
da samxedro Zalebis warmomadgen- tiebi mimdinare konfliqtis
lebisaTvis. safuZvelze, aRkveTil unda iqnes.
Tvalyuris devnebis mkacri re- moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmadac
Jimi am periodSi Zalian mniS- gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo orga-
vnelovania raTa uzrunvelyofil noebma pativi unda scen wamebis saw-
iqnes, rom wamebis sawinaaRmdego inaaRmdego garantiebis absolu-
garantiebi maqsimalurad efeq- tur xasiaTs, imperatiul xasiaTs
tiani iyos. atarebs. amasTan, xsenebulma orga-
dabolos, unda ganxorcieldes noebma TavianTi saqmianobis gan-

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 xorcielebisas unda uzrunvelyon, tikuri oponentebi, Jurnalistebi,
rom akrZaluli qmedebis ganxor- adamianis uflebaTa damcvelni),
cielebisaken miswrafeba ar iqnes iseve rogorc advokatebi, rom-
Sewynarebuli konfliqtis dros. lebic pretenziebs acxadeben maTi
analogiuri mcdeloba unda ganxor- klientebis mimarT ganxorcielebu-
cieldes, raTa uzrunvelyofil li mopyrobis Sesaxeb. TumcaRa, ma-
iqnes, rom konfliqtis dros pireb- Sin rodesac am ukanaskneli jgufis
ma, romlebmac ganaxorcieles wame- wevrebs SeuZliaT zogierT
ba an araadamianuri mopyroba kon- SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso sazoga-
fliqtis periodSi, pasuxi agon. doebis yuradReba gaamaxvilon
maTTan dakavSirebul saqmeebTan
jgufebi, romlebsac mimarTebaSi, magaliTad cemis –
safrTxe emuqrebaT romelic farTodaa gavrcelebuli
sasamarTlo da gamoZiebis orga- – Cveulebrivi msxverplni, xSirad
noebi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT verc ki bedaven pretenziis gac-
unda moekidon im faqts, rom arse- xadebas.
boben calkeuli jgufebi, romlebic
gamoZieba da devna
xSirad imyofebian wamebis an arasa-
Tanado mopyrobis safrTxis qveS. es dauyovnebel da miukerZoebel
xSirad exebaT umciresobaTa warmo- gamoZiebaSi CarTva, rodesac arse-
madgenlebs, iseve rogorc bobs imis varaudis gonivruli
ltolvilebsa da sxva ucxoelebs. safuZveli, rom wameba iqna Cadeni-
meore jgufi, romelsac sa- li, damnaSavis devna da, Tuki bra-
frTxe emuqreba, Sedgeba pirebisa- leulad iqna cnobili, masze adek-
gan, romlebic aqtiurad iyeneben vaturi sasjelis dakisreba, mniS-
TavianTi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis vnelovania konvenciis 1-li, me-3 da
uflebas, gaerTianebisa da Sekre- me-13 muxlebiT dakisrebul valde-
bis Tavisuflebis uflebas (poli- bulebaTa Sesasruleblad. mniS-

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vnelovania aseve aRmkveTi meqaniz-
mebis SemuSaveba maT mimarT, vinc
sxvagvarad Caebmeboda akrZalul
qmedebaTa ganxorcielebaSi.

anazRaureba
msxverpli dauyovnebliv unda
iqnes uzrunvelyofili anazRaure-
biT, maT Soris, reabilitaciiT.
xsenebuli valdebuleba naTlad
aris warmoCenili gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis wamebis sa-
winaaRmdego konvenciaSi, romel-
sac evropis sabWos saxelmwifoe-
bis umetesi nawili mierTebulia.

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 tiraJi 2000

daibeWda Sps “petitSi”

Tbilisi, 2005 weli

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