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Final_Laboratory_Report

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19 views

Final_Laboratory_Report

Uploaded by

germaabrsh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Objectives

The objectives of this experiment are as follows:


1. To measure physical quantities such as length, width, height, mass, and time using
precision instruments.
2. To practice using instruments like the Vernier caliper, micrometer screw gauge, and
triple-beam balance.
3. To calculate derived quantities such as volume and density based on measurements.
4. To analyze errors and uncertainties in measurements and their impact on results.

Equipment
- Meter Stick
- Vernier Caliper
- Micrometer Screw Gauge
- Triple-Beam Balance
- Graduated Cylinder
- Digital Stopwatch
- Rectangular Block
- Cylindrical Blocks (Copper and Aluminum)
- Coin (1 Birr)

Procedure
The procedure followed during the experiment included:
1. Measuring the dimensions (length, width, thickness) of a rectangular block using a meter
stick.
2. Measuring the dimensions (length, diameter) of cylindrical blocks using Vernier calipers.
3. Measuring the dimensions (thickness, diameter) of a 1-Birr coin using a micrometer
screw gauge.
4. Measuring the mass of all objects using a triple-beam balance.
5. Calculating the volumes and densities of the objects using standard formulas.
6. Performing multiple trials for each measurement and calculating averages and
percentage errors.

Data and Analysis


The data collected during the experiment is presented below along with the calculations for
average values, volumes, densities, and percentage errors.

Table 1: Dimensions of the Rectangular Block


The measured dimensions of the rectangular block are as follows:

Length (cm): 4.5, 4.4, 4.5


Width (cm): 3.6, 3.5, 3.7
Thickness (cm): 2.0, 1.9, 2.0
Calculated averages: Length = 4.47 cm, Width = 3.60 cm, Thickness = 1.97 cm.
Volume is calculated using the formula:

V = Length × Width × Thickness

Volume = 4.47 × 3.60 × 1.97 = 31.73 cm³

The percentage error for the volume is calculated as follows:

% Error = [(Measured Value - Estimated Value) / Estimated Value] × 100

Assume an estimated volume of 32 cm³, % Error = [(31.73 - 32) / 32] × 100 = 0.84%

Table 2: Analysis and Calculations


Detailed measurements and calculations for Table 2 are as follows:

... (Placeholder for calculations and data)

Table 3: Analysis and Calculations


Detailed measurements and calculations for Table 3 are as follows:

... (Placeholder for calculations and data)

Table 4: Analysis and Calculations


Detailed measurements and calculations for Table 4 are as follows:

... (Placeholder for calculations and data)

Table 5: Analysis and Calculations


Detailed measurements and calculations for Table 5 are as follows:

... (Placeholder for calculations and data)

Table 6: Analysis and Calculations


Detailed measurements and calculations for Table 6 are as follows:

... (Placeholder for calculations and data)

Discussion
The results obtained from the measurements and calculations demonstrate the importance
of precision instruments and the impact of uncertainties in scientific experiments. Key
observations include:
- The smallest measurement divisions (least count) significantly affect the precision of
measurements.
- Multiple trials reduce the impact of random errors, providing more reliable average
values.
- The calculated percentage errors highlight the limitations of instruments and human
judgment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the experiment successfully met its objectives. The use of precision tools
allowed for accurate measurements of dimensions, volumes, and densities. By performing
repeated trials and analyzing errors, the experiment emphasized the role of uncertainties in
scientific measurements.

Questions
6. For the figures below, identify the value of the major and minor marks and write the
reading from the instrument:

Solution:

... (Placeholder for the solution to Question 6 with diagrams and explanation)

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