Scribd
Upload
19 views5 pages

Exp 02 by Me FM Kit

Uploaded by

Arafat Hossain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views5 pages

Exp 02 by Me FM Kit

Uploaded by

Arafat Hossain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

2.

1 Experiment No : 02

2.2 Experiment Name: Transmission and Receiving a Signal using Amplitude Modulation and
Demodulation Technique using AM Transmitter and Receiver Kit

2.3 Objectives :

(i) To comprehend the concept and process of amplitude modulation, where the amplitude of the carrier
signal is varied in accordance with the information (message) signal.

(ii) To Learn how the modulated signal is transmitted over a communication channel (such as radio
waves).

(iii) To Understand the reverse process of demodulation, where the original information signal is
extracted from the modulated carrier signal.

(iv) To Familiarize with the practical components of an AM transmitter and receiver, including
oscillators, amplifiers, filters, and detectors.

(v) To Learn about the real-world applications of AM, such as in AM radio broadcasting and two-way
radio communication.

2.4 Theory :

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, where the
amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in accordance with the waveform of the message signal being
transmitted. This allows the message signal to be carried within the carrier wave. Demodulation, on the
other hand, involves extracting the original message signal from the modulated carrier wave.

Amplitude Modulation:
Let's denote:
• Ac: Amplitude of the carrier signal.
• fc: Frequency of the carrier signal.
• Am: Maximum amplitude of the message signal.
• fm: Frequency of the message signal.
The carrier signal can be represented as:

C(t)=Ac⋅cos(2πfct)
The message signal can be represented as:
m(t)=Am⋅cos(2πfmt)
The modulated signal, s(t), is given by the equation:
s(t)=(Ac+m(t)) cos(2πf⋅ c t)
This is the equation for Amplitude Modulation.

Demodulation:
The demodulation process involves extracting the original message signal from the modulated carrier
wave. One common demodulation technique is envelope detection.
The demodulated signal, md(t), can be obtained by passing the modulated signal through an envelope
detector circuit. The envelope detector captures the variations in the amplitude of the modulated signal.
Demodulation Process - Envelope Detection:
1. Envelope Detector Circuit:
The envelope detector circuit is a crucial component in demodulating an AM signal. It typically
consists of a diode, a resistor, and a capacitor.
2. Rectification:
The modulated AM signal, s(t), is input to the envelope detector circuit. The diode within the
circuit rectifies the signal, converting the alternating current (AC) signal into a varying direct
current (DC) signal by allowing only the positive portion of the signal to pass through.
3. Filtering:
After rectification, the signal contains both the original message signal and high-frequency carrier
components. To retrieve the original message signal, a low-pass filter is often used to filter out
the high-frequency carrier components, leaving only the variations in the envelope of the
modulated signal.
4. Capacitor Charging and Discharging:
As the amplitude of the modulated signal varies, the capacitor in the circuit charges and
discharges accordingly. When the amplitude of the modulated signal is high, the capacitor
charges up quickly. Conversely, when the amplitude is low, the capacitor discharges slowly.
5. Output Signal:
The voltage across the capacitor represents the envelope of the modulated signal.
2.5 Required Apparatus
i. AM Transmitter Kit ii. Amplitude
Demodulation Receiver Kit
iii. Oscilloscope
iv. Power Supply
v. Connecting Wire

2.6 Experimental Set-up :


Fig. 2.1 : AM Transmitter Kit . Fig. 2.2 : Amplitude Demodulation receiver Kit.
2.7 Wave shapes : 2.8 MATLAB code and output waveform :

Fig. 2.3 : Input message signal for AM


Fig. 2.4 : Output signal from FM Transmitter
Transmitter modulation.
(Under Modulated signal, m<1) .

Fig. 2.5 : Output signal from FM Transmitter


Fig. 2.6 : Output signal from FM Transmitter
(Perfectly Modulated signal, m=1) .
(Over Modulated signal, m>1) .
2.8 MATLAB code and output waveform :
% AM matlab code
t=0:0.05:20;
Ac=4;
Wm=500;
Wc=100000000;
msg=sin(Wm*t);
car=sin(Wc*t);
AM=Ac*(1+m*msg).*car % modulating signal subplot(5,1,1);
plot(t,msg)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('msg')
title('modulating signal')
grid on % carrier
signal subplot(5,1,2);
plot(t,car)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('car')
title('carrier signal')
grid on
% AM signal when m=1
m=1;
AM=Ac*(1+m*msg).*car
subplot(5,1,3);
plot(t,AM)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('AM')
title('modulated signal when m=1')
grid on
% AM signal when m<1
m=0.2;
AM=Ac*(1+m*msg).*car
subplot(5,1,4);
plot(t,AM)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('AM')
title('modulated signal when m<1')
grid on
% AM signal when m>1
m=1.5;
AM=Ac*(1+m*msg).*car
subplot(5,1,5);
plot(t,AM)
xlabel('time')
ylabel('AM')
title('modulated signal when m>1')
grid on
Fig. 2.7 : Output waveform of MATLAB code.
2.9 Discussion & Conclusion :

In the experiment we created a message signal and then transmitted it using the AM transmitter. The
modulated signal was found in three categories i.e. under modulated (m<1), over modulated (m>1) and
perfectly modulated (m=1) signals. Then the transmitted signal was received using the AM receiver kit.
The received signal went through the demodulation process and we again found the message signal as
desired. Moreover, a MATLAB code was done to do the amplitude modulation process graphically.
The experiment can be said done successfully.

You might also like