Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
NCESC - 2018 Conference Proceedings

Raspberry Pi Based Smart Toll Collection System

of Mahendra
Electronics S MCommunication
and Gauthamand
Department of Electronics P KCommunication
Department
Coorg Institute of Technology, Ponnampet, Coorg Institute of Technology, Ponnampet,

Darshan M Prabhu Archana B N

Department of Electronics and Communication Department of Electronics and Communication
Coorg Institute of Technology, Ponnampet, Coorg Institute of Technology, Ponnampet,

Lahari S K
Department of Electronics and Communication
Coorg Institute of Technology, Ponnampet

Abstract - This paper proposes the Raspberry based toll collected till date. This leads to the misuse of the toll
collection system for toll tax collection. Existing toll collection collection rights. It is difficult for government to determine
systems in India make use of manual cash transactions. the termination of contract, paving the way for corruption.
Exponential growth in traffic is observed in past years. The Raspberry Pi based toll collection system works on the
Manual toll collection systems are major bottlenecks of high
client-server architecture. There is a centralised server which
speed commutation. This results in problems like longer
queues, wastage of time and increased fuel consumption at toll stores database of users. A client Raspberry Pi at every toll
booths. This project implements an electronic toll collection booth is connected to the server via internet. Raspberry Pi
system using Raspberry Pi and passive RFID tags. These controls hardware i.e. displays, RFID reader, motor and
electronic booths automatically collect toll from user account simultaneously it communicates with the server with the
corresponding to the RFID tag pasted on windshield of car. queries regarding user account. Due to this dual role of
The toll is deducted from the user account each time it passes Raspberry Pi, separate need of microcontroller is eliminated.
through a toll plaza. An RFID reader with high power and This results in a cost effective implementation of the system.
high directional property is placed overhead for detecting the
passive tags pasted on windshield. On-site LCD screen
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
displays details about the toll deducted and remaining account
balance. On successful transaction barricade is opened.
Recharge facility for accounts having insufficient balance is Electronic toll collection was first implemented in 1986.
provided on toll booths. This system addresses all issues like After that many electronic toll collection systems are
time wastage, fuel consumption and collection errors at one go. implemented with different techniques. Some of them are as
Electronic system will also bring transparency in toll tax follows:
collection and stop corruption and tax evasion issues. System proposed in [1] uses Wi-Fi for communication with
the Smartphone of user. This phone contains all necessary
Key Words: Raspberry Pi, RFID tag, Electronic Toll Collection, data related to the user registration. User is registered at toll
Client-Server Architecture
booth automatically as he passes through. But in countries
with less Smartphone penetration, system may not work
1. INTRODUCTION
effectively.
System proposed in [2] uses overhead camera to detect
Toll tax collection systems in India are based on manual
number plate and uses it as the account number of the user.
cash transactions. The operator at the toll booth manually
Database is stored in central server. But deterioration of
collects toll amount according to vehicle type, in form cash
number plates or duplicate numbers may introduce false
bills. He hands the receipt for same. This modus operandi is
positives in the system.
time consuming. Due to such systems bottleneck is created
System proposed in [3] uses NFC chips for detection of
in the high speed highways. There are chances of error, time
vehicle identity. The NFC chips are designed to work in the
wastage, and longer queues leading to fuel wastage.
close vicinity of reader. If the distance between reader and
Suppose time taken by each vehicle on toll booth is 60
chip is more than critical limit, system will not detect the
seconds a day(approx.) then time taken in a complete year is
vehicle.
365 x 60 = 21900 sec = 6 hrs. Suppose 10000 vehicles pass
Considering the limitations of former systems, RFIDs stands
through a particular toll booth in a single year, total of
out with many advantages. RFID tags needs no battery as
60000 fuel hours are wasted. This is a substantial loss of
they can work perfectly with the power transmitted by RFID
natural resources.
reader. Unlike number plate physical wear and tear has no
Transparency in toll collection systems is a major issue these
harm. Distance of tag from reader is no issue as high power
days. Contract for toll collection is in-force until the road
radio waves can detect the tag up to sufficient distance.
contractor reimburses the cost incurred for construction,
Unlike Wi-Fi it does not require any authentication hence
maintenance and facilitation of the roads. But due to manual
faster than system proposed in [1].
systems there is no definite way to determine total amount

Volume 6, Issue 13 Published by, www.ijert.org 1

 Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCESC - 2018 Conference Proceedings
More to this the raspberry pi based toll collection system
provides a cost effective implementation as components are
fairly inexpensive.

3. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Fig -2: Raspberry Pi Hardware Architecture

Fig -1: System Block Diagram
3.2 RFID Reader
This system is implemented with following major A Radio Frequency Identification system consists of an
components: antenna or coil, a transceiver and a transponder
electronically programmed with unique information. RFID
• Raspberry pi model 3 B tag consists of a microchip connected to an antenna, which
• RFID Reader is constructed of a small coil of wires. Data is stored in the
• DC Motor Driver L293D IC and transmitted through the antenna to a reader. Most
• 16x2 Character LCD Display RFID tags contain at least two parts. One is an integrated
• GSM circuit for storing and processing information, modulating
• Buzzer and demodulating a (RF) signal, and other specialized
• SMTP Server functions.

3.1 Raspberry Pi Model 3 B

The Raspberry Pi 3 is the third generation Raspberry Pi
single board computer. It is based on a 1.2GHz 64-bit quad
core ARMv8 CPU. It has Inbuilt 802.11n Wireless LAN
and Bluetooth 4.1. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) makes it
efficient to use with battery operated devices. It has1 GB
RAM. 4 USB ports makes it efficient to connect external
hardware. 40 GPIO pins with TTL output. They have
current source or sinking ability up to 16mA. Ethernet port
makes it easy to connect with network. Video Core 4 3D
graphics core support Full HDMI output along with
combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video. This
makes it back compatible with older TV systems. Camera Fig -3: RFID Transmitter and Receiver
interface (CSI) and Display interface (DSI) ports are
provided to direct interfacing of camera and camera and The second is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the
display. Micro SD card works as secondary storage of the signal. A reader is basically a radio frequency (RF)
computer. transmitter and receiver, controlled by a microprocessor. It
Comparatively low capacity hardware is used in Raspberry works on a 5V supply. Typical power consumption is less
Pi. Hence a lighter version of desktop Linux is used. It has than 50mA. The reader, using an attached antenna, captures
only essential libraries and software to support functioning data from tags, then passes the data to Raspberry Pi.
of the Raspberry Pi. This system is makes use of latest The number contained in RFID tag is of 11 digits in HEX
raspbian Jessie OS. format. This number is sent via either serial interrupt or
Wiegand protocol.

3.3 L239D Motor Driver

L293D motor driver can drive two DC motors
simultaneously. L293D IC is a dual H-bridge driver IC.
Single H-bridge is able to drive a dc motor in both
directions. L293D IC is a current amplifier IC as the output
from the sensor is not sufficient to drive motors itself so
L293D is used for this purpose. L293D has 16 pins, having
two enables pins. This pins should always be high to enable
both the H-bridges.

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 Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCESC - 2018 Conference Proceedings
Features 4. SYSTEM WORKING

• L293 and L293D variants When the vehicle passes through the toll plaza the RFID tag
• Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V is detected by the RFID receiver placed overhead. This
• Separate Input-Logic Supply reader is constantly emitting RF waves at 125 KHz. As soon
• Internal ESD Protection as the tag comes in field of receiver the tag number is
• Thermal Shutdown detected and sent to Raspberry Pi via serial interface. The
• High-Noise-Immunity Inputs monitor screen will display card detection message and
number of card.
If sufficient balance is present in corresponding user account
then stipulated amount will be deducted. This amount
depends upon type of vehicle. The motor driver will open
the gate for 30 seconds and the vehicle will pass through the
toll booth. In case of insufficient balance in user account the
user will have to pay toll manually with some penalty. The
user can recharge his account from the toll booth itself.
Penalty will encourage the user to keep sufficient balance in
account. New user can also be registered at the toll booth.

Fig -4: L293D pin Diagram

Chart-1: L293D Logic Table

Input 1 Input 2 Motor Direction
1 0 Clock-wise
0 1 Anti-clockwise
0 0 Idle Fig -8: Hardware Interfacing
1 1 Idle 6. ADVANTAGES
3.4 GSM • RFID system is better than systems mentioned in
SIM800L is a quad-band GSM/GPRS module, that works [1] [2] [3]. RFID tag is much faster than any other
on frequencies GSM850MHz, EGSM900MHz, system.
DCS1800MHz and PCS1900MHz. SIM800L features • No fuel wastage.
GPRS multi slot class 12/ class 10 (optional) and supports • No traffic jams at toll booths.
the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. • Transparency in toll collection.
With a tiny configuration of 15.8*17.8*2.4mm, SIM800L • Low infrastructure costs.
can meet almost all the space requirements in user
applications, such as smart phone, PDA and other mobile 7. CONCLUSION
devices. Issues like long queues are completely eliminated by
implementation of the system. This system saves time and
3.5 BUZZER fuel. Transparency in toll collection is increased as reports
Piezo Buzzer/speaker- PC Mount 12mm 2.048kHz COM- are stored digitally. Need for manpower is reduced on a
07950 RoHs in Eagle Library .This is small 12mm round large scale. User will get proper information of his account
speaker that operate around the audible 2 kHz range. You on the toll booth display. Skipping of toll will be avoided.
can use these speakers to create simple music or user Therefore, the Raspberry Pi based Automatic Toll
interface. Each speaker is PTH solder able and requires an Collection System using GSM will eliminate many issues of
operating voltage of 3.5-5V with a mean current of 35mA the toll plaza at one go. This system will ensure faster
max. These speakers also have a typical sound output of commutation on highways.
95dBA and a coil resistance of 42±6.3 ohms.
8. FUTURE SCOPE
3.6 SMTP SERVER
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol for sending e- Currently system uses prepaid mode. This can be changed to
mail messages between servers. Most e-mail systems that post-paid. For the prepaid system online recharge system
send mail over the Internet use SMTP to send messages can be implemented. Cameras can be used for more stable
from one server to another; the messages can then be system in case of RFID failure. System for stolen vehicle
retrieved with an e-mail client using either POP or IMAP. detection can be implemented with little change in software.

Volume 6, Issue 13 Published by, www.ijert.org 3

Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCESC - 2018 Conference Proceedings

REFERENCES

[1] Shital Ladkat “M-toll using Wi-Fi technology” IRJET Volume: 03

Issue: 04 | April-2016
[2] Veera venkatesh “Smart Traffic Control System for Emergency
Vehicle Clearance” IJIRCCE Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2015
[3] S B Shinde “Toll automation system using NFC” JETIR January
2016, Volume 3, Issue 1
[4] R H Chaudhary “A model for the benefits of electronic toll
collection System” Theses and dissertation

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