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Practical 6

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4 views4 pages

Practical 6

Uploaded by

vanshsingla079
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PRACTICAL 6

mow;unmow;data3;data7;data8
[1] 12 15 17 11 15
[1] 8 9 7 9 NA
[1] 6 7 8 7 6 3 8 9 10 7 6 9
[1] 23.0 17.0 12.5 11.0 17.0 12.0 14.5 9.0 11.0 9.0 12.5 14.5 17.0
[14] 8.0 21.0
[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov"
[12] "Dec"
> grass.list=list(mow,unmow,data3,data7,data8)
> grass.list
[[1]]
[1] 12 15 17 11 15

[[2]]
[1] 8 9 7 9 NA

[[3]]
[1] 6 7 8 7 6 3 8 9 10 7 6 9

[[4]]
[1] 23.0 17.0 12.5 11.0 17.0 12.0 14.5 9.0 11.0 9.0 12.5 14.5 17.0
[14] 8.0 21.0

[[5]]
[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov"
[12] "Dec"

> names(grass.list)=c('mow','unmow','data3','data7','months')
> my.names=c('mow','unmow','data3','data7','months')
> names(grass.list)=my.names
> grass.list
$mow
[1] 12 15 17 11 15

$unmow
[1] 8 9 7 9 NA

$data3
[1] 6 7 8 7 6 3 8 9 10 7 6 9

$data7
[1] 23.0 17.0 12.5 11.0 17.0 12.0 14.5 9.0 11.0 9.0 12.5 14.5 17.0
[14] 8.0 21.0

$months
[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov"
[12] "Dec"

> #(B) Making Data Frames:


> # my.frame=data.frame(item1,item2,item3,..)
> sample1=c(5,6,9,12,8)
> sample1
[1] 5 6 9 12 8
> sample2=c(7,9,13,10,NA)
> sample1;sample2
[1] 5 6 9 12 8
[1] 7 9 13 10 NA
> my.frame=data.frame(sample1,sample2)
> my.frame
sample1 sample2
1 5 7
2 6 9
3 9 13
4 12 10
5 8 NA
> #Let's try one more example
> response=c(5,6,9,12,8,7,9,13,10)
> predictor=c(rep('open',5),rep('closed',4)) #rep(item,times)
> response;predictor
[1] 5 6 9 12 8 7 9 13 10
[1] "open" "open" "open" "open" "open" "closed" "closed"
[8] "closed" "closed"
> my.frame2=data.frame(response,predictor)
> my.frame2
response predictor
1 5 open
2 6 open
3 9 open
4 12 open
5 8 open
6 7 closed
7 9 closed
8 13 closed
9 10 closed
> #length() command can be used to extend or trim a vector
> mow;unmow
[1] 12 15 17 11 15
[1] 8 9 7 9 NA
> length(unmow)=5
> mow;unmow
[1] 12 15 17 11 15
[1] 8 9 7 9 NA
> length(unmow)=4
> mow;unmow
[1] 12 15 17 11 15
[1] 8 9 7 9
> length(unmow)=length(mow) #length(short.vector)=length(long.vector)
> mow;unmow
[1] 12 15 17 11 15
[1] 8 9 7 9 NA
> #(D)Matrix Objects:
> #cbind() to use the samples as columns
> sample1;sample2
[1] 5 6 9 12 8
[1] 7 9 13 10 NA
> cmat=cbind(sample1,sample2)
> cmat
sample1 sample2
[1,] 5 7
[2,] 6 9
[3,] 9 13
[4,] 12 10
[5,] 8 NA
> #rbind to use the samples as rows
> rmat=rbind(sample1,sample2)
> rmat
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
sample1 5 6 9 12 8
sample2 7 9 13 10 NA
> sample3
[1] "a" "b" "c" "d" "e"
> mix.mat=cbind(sample1,sample2,sample3)
> mix.mat
sample1 sample2 sample3
[1,] "5" "7" "a"
[2,] "6" "9" "b"
[3,] "9" "13" "c"
[4,] "12" "10" "d"
[5,] "8" NA "e"
> #all the data items are convertd to characters; check using str()
> str(mix.mat)
chr [1:5, 1:3] "5" "6" "9" "12" "8" "7" "9" "13" "10" NA "a" "b" ...
- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
..$ : NULL
..$ : chr [1:3] "sample1" "sample2" "sample3"
> #if you want to extract numbers from a "mixed" matrix
> #you must force the items to be numeric like so:
> as.numeric(mix.mat[,1])
[1] 5 6 9 12 8
> #you might attempt to overwrite a column and
> #try to force the matrix to assume a numerical value:
> mix.mat[,1]=as.numeric(mix.mat[,1])
> mix.mat
sample1 sample2 sample3
[1,] "5" "7" "a"
[2,] "6" "9" "b"
[3,] "9" "13" "c"
[4,] "12" "10" "d"
[5,] "8" NA "e"
> #matrix() command can also be used for making matrix objects
> sample1;sample2
[1] 5 6 9 12 8
[1] 7 9 13 10 NA
> all.samples=c(sample1,sample2)
> all.samples
[1] 5 6 9 12 8 7 9 13 10 NA
> mat=matrix(all.samples,nrow = 2)
> mat
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 5 9 8 9 10
[2,] 6 12 7 13 NA
> mat=matrix(all.samples,ncol = 2)
> mat
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 5 7
[2,] 6 9
[3,] 9 13
[4,] 12 10
[5,] 8 NA
> cnam=c('Sample1','Sample2')
> rnam=c('Site1','Site2','Site3','Site4','Site5')
> mat=matrix(all.samples,ncol = 2,dimnames = list(rnam,cnam))
> mat
Sample1 Sample2
Site1 5 7
Site2 6 9
Site3 9 13
Site4 12 10
Site5 8 NA

>

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