What is the Present Perfect Tense?

The present perfect tense is a verb tense used to connect the past with the present. It describes
actions or events that:

1. Happened at an unspecified time in the past but are still relevant now.
o Example: I have eaten sushi before.
2. Started in the past and continue into the present.
o Example: She has lived in Hanoi for five years.
3. Occurred recently and have a visible or immediate impact on the present.
o Example: He has just finished his homework.

Structure of the Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense consists of two main parts:

1. The auxiliary verb: have or has (depending on the subject)

2. The past participle of the main verb

Positive Sentences

Structure:

 Subject + have/has + past participle

Examples:

 I have visited Paris.

 She has finished her project.
 They have seen the movie.

Negative Sentences

Structure:

 Subject + have/has + not + past participle

Examples:

 I have not (haven’t) visited Paris.

  She has not (hasn’t) finished her project.
 They have not (haven’t) seen the movie.

Questions

Structure:

 Have/Has + subject + past participle + ?

Examples:

 Have you visited Paris?

 Has she finished her project?
 Have they seen the movie?

Short Answers

Structure:

 Yes, subject + have/has.

 No, subject + have/has not (haven’t/hasn’t).

Examples:

 Have you visited Paris?

o Yes, I have.
o No, I haven’t.
 Has she finished her project?
o Yes, she has.
o No, she hasn’t.

How to Form the Past Participle

The past participle is usually formed by adding -ed to regular verbs, but irregular verbs have
unique forms.

Regular Verbs:

 Play → Played
 Watch → Watched
  Visit → Visited

Irregular Verbs:

 Go → Gone
 See → Seen
 Eat → Eaten

When to Use the Present Perfect Tense

1. Life Experiences (No specific time is mentioned)

o Have you ever ridden a horse?
o I have visited Tokyo before.
2. Actions Continuing from the Past to Present
o She has worked here since 2010.
o We have lived in this house for five years.
3. Recent Events (Often with just, already, yet)
o He has just arrived.
o I have already eaten lunch.
o Have you finished your homework yet?

Time Expressions Commonly Used with Present Perfect

1. Unspecified Time:
o ever, never, before
o Have you ever seen a tiger?
2. Duration:
o since, for
o We have lived here since 2018.
o She has worked there for two years.
3. Recently Completed:
o just, already, yet
o I have just finished my breakfast.
o Have you done your homework yet?
4. Repetition or Frequency:
o many times, often, several times
o I have visited Paris three times.

The present perfect tense provides a bridge between the past and the present, allowing us to
describe past actions with relevance to now!
Detailed Lesson Plan for Grade 6 and 7 ESL Students

Theme: Talking About Experiences

Grammar Focus: Present Perfect Tense

Target Language:

 Use ever in questions and answers to discuss experiences.

 Examples:
o "Have you ever visited a museum?"
o "Yes, I have." / "No, I haven’t."

Lesson Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students will:

1. Understand the structure and usage of the present perfect tense with ever.
2. Practice asking and answering questions about personal experiences.
3. Engage in a communicative activity to discuss their own and others’ experiences.

Materials Needed:

 Flashcards or pictures showing different experiences (e.g., visiting a zoo, eating sushi, riding a
bike)
 A worksheet with sentence prompts
 A whiteboard or projector
 A spinner or dice for games

Lesson Procedure

1. Warm-Up (5-7 minutes)

 Start with a brief question to connect to their experiences:

o "Have you ever eaten pizza?"
o Write their answers on the board ("Yes, I have." / "No, I haven’t.") to preview the target
structure.
 Play a quick "Stand Up If" game:
o Say, "Stand up if you have ever been to the beach!" Students who have will stand and
share briefly.
2. Presentation (10-15 minutes)

Grammar Explanation:

 Write the present perfect structure on the board:

o Have + Subject + ever + past participle + ?
o Yes, Subject + have. / No, Subject + haven’t.
 Explain that ever means "at any time in your life."
 Give examples:
o "Have you ever ridden a bike?"
o "Have you ever eaten sushi?"

Practice Pronunciation:

 Drill the question and answer structures:

o "Have you ever played soccer?"
o "Yes, I have."
o "No, I haven’t."

Vocabulary Review:

 Introduce or review past participles of common verbs (e.g., been, eaten, visited, played, seen,
ridden).

3. Practice (15 minutes)

Controlled Practice:

 Provide a worksheet with fill-in-the-blank questions:

o "Have you ever ______ (ride) a horse?"
o "Have you ever ______ (see) a shooting star?"
 Students complete the sentences and practice in pairs.

Speaking Drill:

 In pairs, students take turns asking and answering questions using a list of experiences:
o Example list:
 swim in the ocean
 watch a scary movie
 travel by airplane
 eat something unusual
4. Communicative Activity (15-20 minutes)

Game: "Find Someone Who"

 Prepare a bingo-like grid with experiences:

o Example:
 "Find someone who has ever climbed a mountain."
 "Find someone who has ever seen a tiger."
 Students walk around, asking classmates:
o "Have you ever climbed a mountain?"
o If the answer is yes, they write the student’s name in the box.

Speaking Circle:

 Form a circle and ask each student to share one interesting experience they learned about a
classmate:
o "Maria has ever climbed a mountain."

5. Wrap-Up (5-10 minutes)

 Quick Quiz:
o Ask students to answer true/false questions based on the lesson:
 "Have you ever seen a dolphin?"
 "Is this a present perfect question?"
 Homework Assignment:
o Write five sentences about their own experiences using the present perfect tense.
o Example:
 "I have never traveled to another country."

Additional Speaking Questions:

1. "Have you ever been to a big city?"

2. "Have you ever eaten something spicy?"
3. "Have you ever played a musical instrument?"
4. "Have you ever helped someone in need?"
5. "Have you ever seen a rainbow?"

Extension Activity:

 Experience Map:
o Students draw or write about places they’ve been or things they’ve done, then present
to the class using the target structure:
  "I have been to Hanoi. Have you ever been to Hanoi?"

This lesson combines controlled practice with engaging communicative activities to reinforce the
use of ever in the present perfect tense.

4o

You said:
explain in details What is present perfect and it's structure

ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT

What is the Present Perfect Tense?

The present perfect tense is a verb tense used to connect the past with the present. It describes
actions or events that:

1. Happened at an unspecified time in the past but are still relevant now.
o Example: I have eaten sushi before.
2. Started in the past and continue into the present.
o Example: She has lived in Hanoi for five years.
3. Occurred recently and have a visible or immediate impact on the present.
o Example: He has just finished his homework.

Structure of the Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense consists of two main parts:

1. The auxiliary verb: have or has (depending on the subject)

2. The past participle of the main verb

Positive Sentences

Structure:

 Subject + have/has + past participle

Examples:

 I have visited Paris.

 She has finished her project.
 They have seen the movie.
Negative Sentences

Structure:

 Subject + have/has + not + past participle

Examples:

 I have not (haven’t) visited Paris.

 She has not (hasn’t) finished her project.
 They have not (haven’t) seen the movie.

Questions

Structure:

 Have/Has + subject + past participle + ?

Examples:

 Have you visited Paris?

 Has she finished her project?
 Have they seen the movie?

Short Answers

Structure:

 Yes, subject + have/has.

 No, subject + have/has not (haven’t/hasn’t).

Examples:

 Have you visited Paris?

o Yes, I have.
o No, I haven’t.
 Has she finished her project?
o Yes, she has.
o No, she hasn’t.
How to Form the Past Participle

The past participle is usually formed by adding -ed to regular verbs, but irregular verbs have
unique forms.

Regular Verbs:

 Play → Played
 Watch → Watched
 Visit → Visited

Irregular Verbs:

 Go → Gone
 See → Seen
 Eat → Eaten

When to Use the Present Perfect Tense

1. Life Experiences (No specific time is mentioned)

o Have you ever ridden a horse?
o I have visited Tokyo before.

2. Actions Continuing from the Past to Present

o She has worked here since 2010.
o We have lived in this house for five years.

3. Recent Events (Often with just, already, yet)

o He has just arrived.
o I have already eaten lunch.
o Have you finished your homework yet?

Time Expressions Commonly Used with Present Perfect

1. Unspecified Time:
o ever, never, before
o Have you ever seen a tiger?

2. Duration:
o since, for
 o We have lived here since 2018.
o She has worked there for two years.

3. Recently Completed:
o just, already, yet
o I have just finished my breakfast.
o Have you done your homework yet?

4. Repetition or Frequency:
o many times, often, several times
o I have visited Paris three times.

The present perfect tense provides a bridge between the past and the present, allowing us to
describe past actions with relevance to now!

4o

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