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Group Technology

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14 views37 pages

Group Technology

Uploaded by

kabrince.622101
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Group Technology

Introduction

• Group technology was introduced by Frederick


Taylor in 1919 as a way to improve
productivity.

• One of the long term benefits of group


technology is it helps implement a
manufacturing strategy aimed at greater
automation.
What is Group Technology?

• GT is a manufacturing philosophy in which


similar parts are identified and grouped
together
Eg: A factory manufacturing 10000 parts may
be categorized into 50 families
• Each family will have some common
characteristics feature or parameter
GT viewed as:

 An essential step in the move toward factory


automation.
 A necessary step in maintaining a high quality
level and profitable production.

Group technology implementation can be broken


down into 3 different phases:

• Actions on the manufacturing process


• Changes to the production process
• Results for the organization
Part Families

• A part family is a collection of parts which are


similar either because of geometry and size or
because of similar processing steps are required
in their manufacture
• The characteristics used in classifying parts are
referred to as attributes
Methods of Part Families Formation

• Visual Inspection

• Parts Classification and Coding system

• Production Flow Analysis


Visual Inspection Method
• It involves looking at parts or drawings and arranging
them into similar groups.
Parts Classification and Coding system

• Coding is a systematic process of establishing


an alpha-numerical value for parts on selected
part features.
• The various design and manufacturing
attributes/features are identified, listed and
assigned a code number.
Classification Types

1.Design attribute group

2.Manufacturing attribute group

3.Combined attribute group


Design and Manufacturing Attributes
Coding Schemes

• Hierarchical codes

• Attribute codes

• Decision codes
Hierarchical codes

The interpretation
of each symbol 1 2
3
depends on the
value of the 3
1 3 1 2
preceding symbols. 2

1 3
2
Attribute codes
The interpretation of each symbol in the sequence does
not depend on the value of the preceding symbols.
Decision codes
It captures the best features of the hierarchical and attribute
structures.
Selection of Coding System
• Objective
• Robustness
• Expandability
• Differentiation
• Automation
• Efficiency
• Cost
• Simplicity
Coding Systems
 Optiz
 MICLASS
 DCLASS
 KK - 3
 CODE
 Brisch
 RNC
 CUTPLAN
 Part Analog
 COFORM
Optiz Coding System

• Nine digit code - 4 letters

1 to 5 - Form A-D
6- 9 Supplementary Secondary

12345 6789 ABCD


Basic Structure of the Optiz System
Form Code in Optiz System
MICLASS Coding System
MICLASS – Metal Institute Classification System

• 1st digit - Main shape


• 2 and 3 - Shape elements
• 4 - Position shape elements
• 5 and 6 - Main dimensions
• 7 - Dimension ratio
• 8 - Auxiliary dimension
• 9 and 10 - Tolerance codes
• 11 and 12 - Material codes
DCLASS Coding System
DCLASS–Design and Classification Information System
KK – 3 Coding System
21 digit decimal system.
CODE Coding System

• The code number has 8 digits.


• Each digit has 16 possible values.
( 0 to 9 and A to F)
Production Flow
Analysis:PFA(Route sheet
inspection method)
• Developed by Burbridge in 1971
• Workparts with identical od similar routings
are classified into part families.
• Not uses coding system but part numbers,
operation sequence,lot size are considered.
Steps
• Data collection
• Sortation of process routings
• Preparation of PFA chart
• Cluster Analysis
Plant Layout

• Line (Product) layout


• Functional (Process) layout
• Group (Combination) layout
Line layout
The machine arranged in the sequence as required by
the product.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Line Layout
Functional layout
The machines are arranged according their functions.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Functional Layout
Group Layout
• It is a combination of product and process layout.
• Preferred for batch type production.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Layout
Benefits of Group Technology

• Product Design
• Tooling and Setups
• Material Handling
• Production and Inventory Control
• Process Planning
• Management and Employees
Impacts of Group Technology
• Reduced purchasing cost
–Less redundant purchases.
• Accurate cost estimation
–A more efficient process
• Quicker design changes
–Standardized Parts
• Improved customer service
–Classification builds customer relationships
Economics of Group Technology
• 52% reduction in new part design
• 60% reduction in industrial engineering time
• 70% reduction in setup times
• 70% reduction in production time
• 62% reduction in work-in-process inventory
• 10% reduction in new shop drawings
• 20% reduction in production floor space utilized
• 40% reduction in raw material stocks
• 80% reduction in overdue orders

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