Leksiýa 4. Sanly gurşawda maglumat-aragatnaşyk tehnologiýalar ulgamy.

Lecture 4. Information and communication technologies in the digital environment.

4.1. Ýurdumyzda kommunikasiýa ulgamynyň ösüşi.

4.1. Development of communication system in the country.
4.2. MAT-laryň sanly özgertmelerdäki ähmiýeti.
4.2. The importance of ICT in digital transformation.
4.3. Sanly platformalaryň ykdysady ähmiýeti.
4.3. Economic importance of digital platforms.

4.1. Ýurdumyzda kommunikasiýa ulgamynyň ösüşi.

4.1. Development of communication system in the country.
Ýurdumyzda ykdysadyýeti maglumat tehnologiýalarynyň häzirki zaman görnüşleri esasynda
sanly gurşawa utgaşdyrmak işleri alnyp barylýar. Öz gezeginde ykdysadyýetde maglumat
tehnologiýasynyň ösüşi telekommunikasiýalar ulgamlarynyň ösüşi bilen gös-göni baglanyşyklydyr.
Integration of the economy into the digital environment is being carried out in the country on the
basis of modern forms of information technologies. In turn, the development of information technology
in the economy is directly related to the development of telecommunications systems.
Ilatyň ýaşaýyş-durmuş şertleriniň gowulandyrylmagynda telekommunikasiýa ulgamyna uly
ähmiýet berilýär.
Great importance is attached to the telecommunication system in improving the living conditions
of the people.
«Telekommunikasiýa» grek dilinden terjime edilende «tele» – uzak, latyn dilinden
«communication» – gepleşik, giň manyda habarlary ibermekligiň ähli serişdelerini aňladýar.
Telekommunikasiýalar islendik subýektleriň arasyndaky dürli aralyklara maglumatlary ibermek we
kabul etmek hadysasydyr.
"Telecommunication" is translated from the Greek language "tele" - far, from the Latin
"communication" - communication, in a broad sense it means all means of sending messages.
Telecommunications is the phenomenon of sending and receiving information over various distances
between any entities.
Ykdysady ulgamda ulanmaklygyň netijesinde maglumatlaryň esasy önümçilik serişdeleri bolup
çykyş edýändigi sebäpli, maglumatlary almagyň, işlemegiň we ýaýratmagyň serişdelerini
kämilleşdirmek zerurlygy ýüze çykýar. Bu bolsa öz gezeginde maglumat-telekommunikasiýa
tehnologiýalarynyň ösmegini we kämilleşdirilmegini talap edýär.
As information becomes the main means of production as a result of its use in the economic system,
there is a need to improve the means of obtaining, processing and disseminating information. This, in
turn, requires the development and improvement of information and telecommunication technologies.
Ilatyň durmuş üpjünçiligi, kärhananyň işiniň üstünligi we ykdysadyýetiň durnuklylygy haryt
aýlanyşygynyň nyrhlary bilen baglydyr. Ýurdumyz Garaşsyzlygyny alandan soň gurlan zawod-
fabriklerde öndürilýän önümler häzirki zaman dünýä bazarlarynda ýokary baha eýe bolmak bilen, olara
diňe bir öz ýurdumyzda däl, eýsem dünýäniň ähli künjeklerinde hem uly isleg bildirilýär. Eger-de
zawod-fabrikleriň her biriniň öz web saýty bolsa, onda olar harytlaryny ýerli we dünýä bazarlaryna
has çalt ýaýradyp, özlerine gerek bolan amatly çig mallary we önümleri taparlar. Şonuň ýaly-da,
Internetiň üsti bilen harytlary tiz wagtda ýerleşdirmek bilen, ol kärhana ýene-de öz harydynyň
öndürilişini we ykdysady girdejisini artdyrar.
The welfare of the population, the success of the enterprise and the stability of the economy depend
on the rates of circulation of goods. The products produced in the factories built after the independence
of our country have a high price in modern world markets, and they are in great demand not only in
our country, but also in all parts of the world. If each of the factories has its own website, then they
can distribute their goods to local and global markets more quickly and find the right raw materials
and products they need. Likewise, by placing goods quickly over the Internet, that business will again
increase its productivity and economic profits.
Internet dünýäde maglumatlar serişdelerine iň baý ulgam bolup girdi. WWW (World Wide Web)
– bütindünýä torunyň döremegi bilen Internetiň görki (interfeýsi) ortaça ulanyja düşnükli bolar ýaly
niýetlenip, grafiki, has hem owadan görnüşe eýe boldy. Ilkibada bu tor ýönekeý bir synag bolan bolsa,
indi Internetiň mazmuny hem-de daşky keşbi öňkä görä has-da özgerdi.
The Internet has become the world's most information-rich network. WWW (World Wide Web) -
with the emergence of the World Wide Web, the appearance (interface) of the Internet was designed to
be understandable to the average user, and acquired a graphic, more beautiful form. In the beginning,
this network was a simple experiment, but now the content and appearance of the Internet has evolved
more than ever before.
Halkara ülňülerine laýyk gelýän we maglumat aragatnaşyklarynyň ýokary hilini üpjün edýän milli
telekommunikasiýa aragatnaşyk ulgamynyň ösdürilmegi Merkezi Aziýa sebitinde esasy
baglanyşdyryjy merkez, Gündogar bilen Günbataryň arasyndaky möhüm maglumat-kommunikasiýa
köprüsi hökmünde Türkmenistanyň abraýyny barha artdyrýar.
The development of a national telecommunication system that meets international standards and
ensures high quality of information communications is increasing the reputation of Turkmenistan as
the main connecting center in the Central Asian region, an important information and communication
bridge between the East and the West.
Pudaklaýyn düzümiň toplumlaýyn döwrebaplaşdyrylmagynyň we diwersifikasiýa ýoly bilen
ösdürilmeginiň, öňdebaryjy enjamlaryň we täzelikleriň ulanylmagy netijesinde ýurdumyzda öýjükli
aragatnaşygyň, tele- we radiogepleşikleriň köp şahaly ulgamy üstünlikli işleýär, elektron resminama
dolanyşygy ulgamy ornaşdyrylýar. Telefon beketleriniň ösen ulgamy giň zolakly Internete goşulmak
we maglumatlary bermek üçin ýokary tizlikli ýaýlymlary üpjün edýär. Milli «Altyn asyr» öýjükli
aragatnaşyk operatorynyň müşderiler ulgamy çalt ösýär.
As a result of comprehensive modernization and diversification of the branch structure, the use of
advanced equipment and innovations, a multi-branch system of cellular communication, tele- and
radio communications is successfully operating in the country, and an electronic document circulation
system is being implemented. An advanced network of telephone exchanges provides high-speed
transmissions for broadband Internet access and data transmission. The customer network of the
national "Altyn Asyr" cellular operator is growing rapidly.
Döwletimiziň halkara derejelerine goşulyşmagynda kommunikasiýa ulgamyna ähmiýetli orun
berilýär. Bu ulgamyň täze derejä çykarylmagyna aragatnaşyk pudagynyň döwrebaplaşdyrylmagy
ýardam berýär. Diýarymyzyň ähli künjegini döwrebap optiki-süýümli aragatnaşyk ulgamlary gurşap
alýar. Ýerli telefon belgileriniň artmagy aragatnaşygyň halkara we şäherara ugurlarynyň sanynyň
köpelmegine getirdi. Türkmenistanyň çäkleri boýunça Hytaýyň Urumçy şäherinden Germaniýanyň
Frankfurt şäherine çenli umumy uzynlygy 27 müň kilometr bolan Transaziýa–Ýewropa optiki-süýümli
aragatnaşyk ulgamynyň 708 kilometrlik böleginiň geçýändigini bellemek möhümdir.
The communication system plays an important role in the integration of our country into
international levels. Modernization of the telecommunication industry contributes to bringing this
system to a new level. Our country is covered by modern optical fiber communication systems. The
increase in local telephone numbers has led to an increase in the number of international and long-
distance calls. It is important to note that a 708-kilometer section of the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic
communication system with a total length of 27,000 kilometers passes through the territory of
Turkmenistan from Urumqi, China to Frankfurt, Germany.
Ýurdumyzda halkalaýyn Aşgabat–Mary–Türkmenabat–Daşoguz–Aşgabat we radial Garabogaz–
Türkmenbaşy–Aşgabat–Mary–Türkmenabat–Kerki–Ymamnazar ugurlar boýunça iki sany magistral
optiki-süýümli ulgamlar hereket edýär. Şolar goňşy döwletleriň ulgamy bilen birleşendir.
In the country, there are two trunk optical-systems on the circular Ashgabat-Mary-Turkmenabat-
Dashoguz-Ashgabat and radial Garabogaz-Turkmenbashi-Ashgabat-Mary-Turkmenabat-Kerki-
Ymamnazar routes. They are connected to the network of neighboring countries.
Ýurdumyzda transmilli optiki-süýümli aragatnaşyk ulgamlaryny çekmek işi dowam edýär.
Hormatly Prezidentimiz Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedowyň pudagyň öňünde goýan wezipelerini
çözmek maksady bilen, halkara telefon ugurlarynyň köptaraply diwersifikasiýasy we maglumatlary
geçirmek boýunça yzygiderli çäreler görülýär. Häzirki wagtda Türkmenistan ýurdumyz boýunça
çekilen magistral optiki-süýümli aragatnaşyk ulgamlarynyň halkara möçberinde birleşýän ýerleriniň
bäşisini özünde jemleýär. Olar Aşgabat–Bajgiran (Eýran), Serhetabat–Hyrat (Owganystan),
Ymamnazar–Akina (Owganystan), Türkmenabat–Buhara (Özbegistan) we Garabogaz–Fetisow
(Gazagystan) ugurlardyr. Analog awtomat-telefon beketleriniň ählisi sanly ulgamlar bilen çalşyldy.
Construction of transnational fiber optic communication systems in the country continues. In
order to solve the tasks set for the industry by the President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, regular
measures are being taken to diversify international telephone lines and transfer data. Currently,
Turkmenistan has five international interconnectors of trunk fiber optic communication systems across
the country. They are Ashgabat-Bajgiran (Iran), Serkhetabat-Hyrat (Afghanistan), Imamnazar-Akina
(Afghanistan), Turkmenabat-Bukhara (Uzbekistan) and Garabogaz-Fetisov (Kazakhstan) routes. All
analog payphones have been replaced by digital systems.
«Türkmentelekom» elektrik aragatnaşyk kompaniýasy bilen «Azertelecom» jogapkärçiligi
çäklendirilen jemgyýetiniň aragatnaşyk operatorlary tarapyndan Türkmenistan – Azerbaýjan ugry
boýunça Hazar deňziniň düýbünden optiki süýümli aragatnaşyk ulgamyny bilelikde gurmak, eýelik
etmek we ulanmak boýunça özara düşünişmek hakyndaky gol çekilen Ähtnama ýurdumyzyň
Azerbaýjan döwleti bilen netijeli hyzmatdaşlygynyň aýdyň subutnamasy bolup durýar.
The Memorandum of Understanding signed by Turkmentelecom and Azertelecom Limited Liability
Company on mutual construction, ownership and use of the entire Caspian fiber optic communication
system on the Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan route is a clear proof of effective cooperation between the
country and the state of Azerbaijan.
Gadymyýetde üstünden Beýik Ýüpek ýoly geçen çäkleri gurşap alýan bu taslamanyň durmuşa
geçirilmegi Türkmenbaşy we Siýazan şäherlerini baglanyşdyrar, Aziýa bilen Ýewropanyň arasynda
telekommunikasiýa ulgamyna degişli üstaşyr ýollary diwersifikasiýalaşdyrmak we kämilleşdirmek
babatda hyzmatdaşlygy pugtalandyrar. Statistiki maglumatlara görä, Aziýadaky ilat 4 milliarddan
geçýär, Ýewropanyň ilaty bolsa 990 million adamdan gowraga barabardyr. Yklymlaryň arasynda
maglumatlary alyşmagyň zerurlygy sekuntda 200–400 gigabitden sekuntda 4–5 terabaýta çenli
möçberde Internet giňişligini alyşmagyň giňeldilmegine getirer.
The implementation of this project, covering the territory of the ancient Great Silk Road, will
connect the cities of Turkmenbashi and Siyazan, strengthen cooperation in the diversification and
improvement of transit routes related to the telecommunication system between Asia and Europe.
According to statistics, the population of Asia exceeds 4 billion, while the population of Europe is over
990 million. The need to share data between regions will lead to the expansion of Internet space
sharing from 200-400 gigabits per second to 4-5 terabytes per second.
Hyzmatlaryň ýokary hilini üpjün etmek we olaryň görnüşlerini giňeltmek üçin STM-64
(maglumatlary geçirmegiň ýokary tizlikli ulgamy), СWDM/DWDM hem-de IP/MPLS ýokary tizlikli
geçirijiler ulgamlaryna geçilýär. DWDM ulgamlaryň (ýaýlymlary bölmek) esasynda baş ulgamlar
döwrebaplaşdyrylýar. Munuň özi dürli maglumatlaryň elýeterli bolmagyny hem-de aragatnaşyk
hyzmatlarynyň bahasyny peseltmäge mümkinçilik berýär. Ýurdumyzda simli telefon aragatnaşygynyň
täze standartlaryny üpjün edýän NGN (Next Generation Network) ulgamyny ösdürmäge uly üns
berilýär. Bu ulgamda şol bir telefon nokadyna telefon, IP-telewideniýe hem-de Internet birikdirilýär.
Şunda maglumat, sesli maglumatlar we wideo toplumlaýyn berilýär.
To ensure high quality of services and to expand their range, STM-64 (high-speed data
transmission system), SWDM/DWDM and IP/MPLS high-speed transmission systems are being
adopted. Mainstream systems are being upgraded based on DWDM (wavelength division) systems.
This makes it possible to make a variety of information available and reduce the cost of communication
services. Great attention is paid to the development of the NGN (Next Generation Network) system,
which provides new standards of wired telephone communication in the country. In this system,
telephone, IP-TV and Internet are connected to the same telephone point. It provides integrated data,
audio and video.
Häzirki wagtda myhmanhanalarda, ilatyň dynç alýan ýerlerinde we söwda merkezlerinde Wi-Fi
tehnologiýalaryny ornaşdyrmak boýunça işler alnyp barylýar. Munuň özi şol ýerlerde Internetiň
ýokary tizlikli elýeterliligini üpjün eder.
At present, the implementation of Wi-Fi technologies in hotels, places of public recreation and
shopping centers is being carried out. This will ensure high-speed Internet access in those areas.
LTE tehnologiýalarynyň binýadynda iň döwrebap 4G ykjam aragatnaşyk ulgamyny ähli ýerlerde
ornaşdyrmak boýunça işler çalt depginde alnyp barylýar.
On the basis of LTE (long term evolution) technologies, the work on the introduction of the most
modern 4G mobile communication system in all places is being carried out at a fast pace.
Älem giňişligine ilkinji milli aragatnaşyk emeli hemrasynyň çykarylmagy bilen, dünýä ülňülerine
laýyk gelýän telekommunikasiýa aragatnaşyk ulgamyny döretmek üçin uly mümkinçilikler we şertler
peýda boldy. 2015-nji ýylyň 9-njy iýunyndan «TürkmenÄlem52°E» milli aragatnaşyk hemrasy arkaly
türkmen teleýaýlymlarynyň ýedisi HD formatynda hem-de radiogepleşikleriň dördüsi alnyp berlip
başlandy. Häzirki wagtda «TürkmenÄlem52°E» aragatnaşyk hemrasynyň peýdaly göwrümini
ulanmak üçin gyzyklanma bildirýän taraplar bilen gepleşikler alnyp barylýar.
With the launch of the first national communication satellite into space, great opportunities and
conditions have appeared for the creation of a telecommunications communication system that meets
global standards. From June 9, 2015, through the national communication satellite
"TurkmenElem52°E", seven Turkmen television channels in HD format and four radio programs began
to be broadcast. Currently, negotiations are being conducted with parties interested in using the useful
space of the "TurkmenElem52°E" communication satellite.
Ýurdumyzda maglumat-kommunikasiýa tehnologiýasyny ösdürmek üçin hormatly Prezidentimiz
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedowyň tagallasy netijesinde bank edaralary tarapyndan milli töleg ulgamy
arkaly Internet-dükanlarda harytlary satyn almaga mümkinçilik berýän ýörite binýatlar taýýarlanyldy.
Şeýlelikde, ýurdumyzyň telekeçileriniň döreden ulgamy arkaly dürli görnüşli harytlary sanlyja wagtyň
içinde satyn almak mümkinçiligi emele geldi. «Türkmenhowaýollary», «Türkmendemirýollary»
agentlikleriniň ýörite saýtynyň üsti bilen petekleri satyn almak mümkinçiligi döredi. Elektron döwlet
hyzmatlarynyň portaly işe girizilidi. Bu portal (https://e.gov.tm/) raýatlara hem-de işewürlere elektron
görnüşinde döwlet hyzmatlaryny ýerine ýetirmek üçin «bir penjire» diýen awtomatlaşdyrylan
maglumat ulgamy görnüşindedir. «Bir penjire» ýörelgesi hyzmatlardan peýdalanmaga ýüz tutanyň
resminamalaryny merkezleşdirilen görnüşde kabul edilmegini amala aşyrmaga hem-de
resminamalaryň taýýarlanylýan möhletiniň berjaý edilişine gözegçiligi we şolaryň berilmegini üpjün
etmäge mümkinçilik berýär.
As a result of the efforts of President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov for the development of
information and communication technology in the country, special foundations have been prepared by
banking institutions, which allow the purchase of goods in Internet stores through the national payment
system. Thus, through the system created by entrepreneurs of the country, it was possible to buy various
goods in a short time. It is possible to buy tickets through the special website of "Turkmenhovoyalary",
"Turkmendemiryöllary" agencies. The e-government services portal has been launched. This portal
(https://e.gov.tm/) is a one-stop-shop automated information system for citizens and businesses to
perform government services electronically. The "one-window" principle allows for the centralized
acceptance of the documents of the applicant for the use of services, as well as the control of
compliance with the deadline for the preparation of documents and ensuring their issuance.

4.2. MAT-laryň sanly özgertmelerdäki ähmiýeti.

4.2. The importance of ICT in digital transformation.
Maglumat-aragatnaşyk tehnologiýalary maglumatlary gaýtadan işlemek boýunça gurallaryň jemi
bolup durýar. Bu informasiýany öndürmek, saklamak, gaýtadan işlemek, paýlamak we alşyp-çalyşmak
üçin ulanylýan enjamlaryň, programma üpjünçiliginiň we hyzmatlaryň giň toplumydyr. ISO/IEC
38500:2008 standartyna laýyklykda maglumat-aragatnaşyk tehnologiýalary – bu maglumatlary
ýygnamak, saklamak, gaýtadan işlemek we ibermek üçin serişdeler diýlip düşündirilýär. Olar radiony,
telewideniýäni we telefony, kompýuterleri, hemra ulgamlaryny we simsiz tehnologiýalary hem-de
Interneti öz içine alýarlar. Bu dürli tehnologik serişdeler häzirki wagtda bilelikde işlemäge ukyply
bolmak bilen, olar toplumda biziň «torlaýyn dünýämizi», birleşen telefon torlarynyň,
standartlaşdyrylan kompýuter serişdeleriniň, Internetiň, teleradioýaýlymlaryň gurluşyny düzýärler.
Information and communication technologies are a collection of information processing tools. It
is a broad set of hardware, software, and services used to produce, store, process, distribute, and
exchange information. According to the ISO/IEC 38500:2008 standard, information and
communication technologies are defined as means for collecting, storing, processing and transmitting
data. They include radio, television and telephone, computers, satellite systems and wireless
technologies, and the Internet. As these various technological tools are now able to work together, they
collectively make up our "networked world," the interconnected telephone networks, standardized
computing resources, the Internet, and television and radio broadcasting.
 Maglumat-aragatnaşyk tehnologiýalary adalgasy sanly dünýäde adamlara we guramalara
(kärhanalara, döwlet edaralaryna, hususy kärhanalara we ş.m.) birleşmäge mümkinçilik berýän ähli
enjamlary, torlaýyn komponentleri, amaly programmalary we ulgamlary aňladýar. MAT käwagt IT
bilen manydaş ulanylýar (maglumat tehnologiýasy üçin). Şeýle-de bolsa, MAT, adatça, kompýuter we
sanly tehnologiýalar bilen baglanyşykly ähli komponentleriň has giň, has giňişleýin sanawyny
görkezmek üçin ulanylýar. Maglumat-aragatnaşyk tehnologiýalarynyň maksady, adamyň maglumat
zerurlyklaryny kanagatlandyrjak maglumatlaryny öndürmekden ybaratdyr. Maglumat-aragatnaşyk
tehnologiýalarynyň predmeti, çeşmä baglylykda hödürlenýän bir görnüşdäki maglumatlardyr. Olar
tekst, maglumatlar, söz, multimedia ýa-da web programmasy görnüşinde bolup biler.
The term information and communication technologies refers to all the devices, network
components, applications and systems that enable people and organizations (businesses, government
agencies, private enterprises, etc.) to connect in the digital world. ICT is sometimes used synonymously
with IT (for information technology). However, ICT is generally used to refer to a broader, more
comprehensive list of all components related to computer and digital technologies. The goal of
information and communication technologies is to produce information that will satisfy the
information needs of people. The subject of information and communication technologies is
information of a kind presented depending on the source. They can be in the form of text, data, speech,
multimedia or web application.
Sanly tehnologiýalary işjeň ulanmagyň esasy täsir ediji faktory konwergensiýa prosesi bolup
durýar. Konwergensiýa – bu telekommunikasiýa tehnologiýalarynyň maglumatlary gaýtadan işleýän
serişdeleri, tekst, grafika, animasiýa we wideo birleşmegidir. Bu sanly birleşmeler esasynda bolup
geçýän proses bitewi platforma arkaly amala aşyrylýar, şol bir wagtda bolsa ol ulanyja interaktiw özara
täsir üçin maglumat tehnologiýalarynyň islendik utgaşmasyny saýlap almaga mümkinçilik bermelidir.
Konwergensiýa bu dürli tehnologiýalaryň tora olary biri-birinden tapawutlandyrmak kyn bolar ýaly
görnüşde birleşmegini hem aňladýar. Meselem, telekommunikasiýanyň şol bir serişdesi – mysal üçin,
ykjam telefon teksti, audio, wideoşekilli maglumatlary, elektron poçtany, SMS-habarlary geçirmek we
Internete birikmek üçin bir nokatdan beýleki nokada (ugradyjydan alyja) gelip çykmagynyň bir
çeşmesinden niýetlenilen müşderileriň köpsanlysy üçin serişde hökmünde ulanylyp bilner.
The convergence process is the main influencing factor of the active use of digital technologies.
Convergence is the combination of information processing, text, graphics, animation, and video
technologies in telecommunications. The process of these digital connections is carried out through a
unified platform, which, at the same time, should allow the user to choose any combination of
information technologies for interactive interaction. Convergence also refers to the merging of these
different technologies into the network in such a way that it becomes difficult to distinguish them from
each other. For example, the same means of telecommunications—for example, mobile phone text,
audio, video data, e-mail, SMS messages, and Internet connections—can be used as a means of
originating from a single source to a large number of customers.
Konwergensiýa maglumatlary üpjün edijilere kognitiw önümi döretmäge we eltmäge «bir
prosesden köp gezek netijeler almak mümkin» bolar ýaly görnüşde mümkinçilik berýär – maglumatlar
we bilimler, grafikler, audio, wideo hökmünde elektron görnüşinde aýratynlykda hem, bilelikde hem
döredilip we geçirilip bilnerler. Tehnologiýalaryň bu konwergensiýasy önümçilik prosesini
ýönekeýleşdirýär we maglumatlaşdyrmagyň göwrümini giňeldýär, şonuň bilen hem köne analoglaýyn
tehnologiýalary ulanmagyň iň düýpli kemçilikleriniň birini aradan aýyrýar.
 Convergence enables data providers to create and deliver cognitive products in a way that is
'multiple outputs from a single process' - data and knowledge can be created and transferred
electronically, either individually or collectively, as graphics, audio, video. This convergence of
technologies simplifies the manufacturing process and expands the scope of data acquisition, thereby
eliminating one of the most significant drawbacks of using older analog technologies.
MAT ykdysady we jemgyýetçilik işlerinde giňden peýdalanylýar. MAT adamlaryň işleýşini,
aragatnaşyk saklamagyny, öwrenmegini we ýaşamagyny düýpgöter üýtgetdi. Mundan başga-da, MAT
ilkinji kompýuterlerden başlap, häzirki wagtda robotlar, adam tejribesiniň ähli ugurlaryny özgertmegi
dowam edýär we adamlaryň amala aşyrýan köp işlerini ýerine ýetirýärler. Mysal üçin, öň kompýuterler
bir gezek telefonlara jogap berip we degişli adamlara jaňlary ugrukdyrýan bolsalar, indi robotlar diňe
bir jaňlara jogap bermek bilen çäklenmän, eýsem jaň edýänleriň hyzmatlar isleglerini has çalt we
netijeli ýerine ýetirip bilýärler.
ICT is widely used in economic and social affairs. ICT has revolutionized the way people work,
communicate, learn and live. In addition, since the first ICT computers, robots today continue to
revolutionize all aspects of human experience and perform many of the same tasks as humans. For
example, while computers once answered phones and routed calls to the appropriate people, now
robots can not only answer calls, but also fulfill callers' service needs more quickly and efficiently.
Maglumat-aragatnaşyk tehnologiýalarynyň ähmiýetiniň ululygy senagatyň dördünji
rewolýusiýasy diýlip atlandyrylýan döwre getirdi. MAT jemgyetçilik gatnaşyklarynda hem giň
üýtgeşmelere alyp bardy, ýagny adam şahsy, ýüzbe-ýüz gatnaşyklardan sanly giňişlige geçdi. Bu täze
döwür «Sanly döwür» diýlip atlandyryldy. MAT-yň işjeň ornaşdyrylmagy halk hojalygynyň ähli
pudaklarynda ykdysady görkezijileriň ýokarlanmagyna getirdi. MAT-yň bazarynda täze tehnologik
çözgütler müşderiler we işewürlik üçin harajatlaryny azaltdy we şol bir wagtyň özünde täze hyzmatlary
guramaga mümkinçilik berdi. Mysal üçin, bir wagtlar telefon liniýalaryny gurmaly we goldamaly
telefon kompaniýalary has ösen ulgam materiallaryna geçdiler we telefon, telewideniýe we Internet
hyzmatlaryny ýola goýdular. Indi sarp edijiler bu hyzmatlaryň köp görnüşlerinden peýdalanýarlar.
The growing importance of information and communication technologies has ushered in the so-
called fourth industrial revolution. ICT has also led to massive changes in social interactions, from
personal, face-to-face interactions to the digital space. This new era has been called the "Digital Era".
The active introduction of ICT led to an increase in economic indicators in all sectors of the economy.
New technological solutions in the ICT market have reduced costs for customers and businesses, while
at the same time enabling the organization of new services. For example, telephone companies that
once had to build and maintain telephone lines have moved to more advanced network equipment and
established telephone, television, and Internet services. Consumers now enjoy many types of these
services.
Kärhanalarda MAT-lary harajatlary azaltmak bilen, alnyp barylýan işleriň netijeliligini
ýokarlandyrmaga täze mümkinçilikleri döretdi. Çykdajylary azaldýan ýokary awtomatlaşdyrylan
işewürlik amallaryndan başlap, guramalaryň MAT tarapyndan döredilen uly göwrümli
maglumatlarynyň hasabyna täze önümleri we hyzmatlary öňe sürmäge, Internet söwdasy we saglygy
goraýyş hyzmatlaryny amala aşyrmaga mümkinçilik berdi. Netijede, müşderilere söwda, aragatnaşyk
we özara gatnaşyklary guramagyň täze usullary döredildi.
In enterprises, ICT have created new opportunities to improve operational efficiency while
reducing costs. From highly automated business processes that reduce costs, it has enabled
organizations to promote new products and services, e-commerce, and healthcare services using the
large-scale data generated by ICT. As a result, new ways for customers to shop, communicate and
interact have been created.
Işgärler üçin köp mukdarda maglumatlary elýeterli etmek bilen, MAT üýtgeşmelere ýa-da işjeň
mümkinçiliklere netijeli jogap bermäge mümkinçilik döredýär. MAT işjeň aragatnaşygy üpjün etmek
bilen, ösüşe goşant goşýan strategik taslamalary çalt geçirmäge mümkinçilik berýär hem-de
aragatnaşyk we maglumat paýlaşmagy üpjün etmek arkaly üpjünçilik zynjyrynyň netijeliligini
ýokarlandyrýar.
By making large amounts of information available to employees, ICT enables them to respond
effectively to changes or active opportunities. By enabling proactive communication, ICT enables
rapid execution of strategic projects that contribute to growth and improves supply chain efficiency by
enabling communication and information sharing.
MAT-laryň düzüm bölekleri:
Components of ICT:
• Bulutlaýyn hasaplamalar – bu adalga, köplenç, Internetde köp ulanyjylara elýeterli maglumat
merkezlerini beýan etmek üçin ulanylýar. Häzirki wagtda agdyklyk edýän uly «bulutlar»,
köplenç, merkezi serwerlerden köp ýere paýlanýar. Bulutlar bir gurama (kärhana bulutlary)
bilen çäklenip biler, köp guramalar üçin elýeterli bolar (köpçülikleýin bulut) ýa-da ikisiniň
utgaşmasy hökmünde ulanylyp bilner (gibrid bulut). Iň uly jemgyýetçilik buludy «Amazon
AWS» hasaplanylýar.
• Cloud computing is a term often used to describe data centers that are accessible to many users
on the Internet. The large "clouds" that dominate today are often distributed over centralized
servers. Clouds can be limited to one organization (enterprise clouds), be available to many
organizations (public cloud), or be used as a combination of the two (hybrid cloud). The largest
public cloud is Amazon AWS.
• Programma üpjünçiligi – kompýuterleri işletmek we bellibir meseleleri ýerine ýetirmek üçin
ulanylýan görkezmeleriň, maglumatlaryň ýa-da programmalaryň toplumydyr. Kompýuteriň
fiziki taraplaryny suratlandyrýan enjam üpjünçiliginiň tersine, programma üpjünçiligi enjamda
işleýän programmalara, skriptlere we programmalara degişlilikde ulanylýan umumy adalgadyr.
Programma üpjünçiligini kompýuteriň üýtgeýän bölegi diýip hasaplamak bolar. Programma
üpjünçiligi, köplenç, amaly programma üpjünçiligine, ulanyjynyň iş aýratynlyklaryna görä
ulanýan programma üpjünçiligine we ulgamlaýyn, operasion ulgamlary we amaly
programmalaryň işlemegini üpjün edýän programma üpjünçiligine bölünýär.
• Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and perform
specific tasks. Unlike hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer, software
is a general term used to refer to the programs, scripts, and programs that run on a computer.
Software can be thought of as a variable part of a computer. Software is generally divided into
application software, software used by the user according to the specifics of the job, and
software that runs the system, operating systems, and applications.
• Enjam üpjünçiligi – tehnologiýa nukdaýnazaryndan kompýuter ýa-da elektron ulgamy emele
getirýän fiziki elementlere we fiziki taýdan göze görünýän beýleki zatlara degişlidir. Muňa
mysal hökmünde kompýuteriň monitoryny, gaty diskini we prosessory görkezmek bolýar.
MAT-lara degişli elektron enjamlary programma üpjünçiliginiň esasynda işleýärler.
 • Hardware - in technology terms, refers to the physical elements and other things that are
physically visible that make up a computer or electronic system. Examples include a computer's
monitor, hard drive, and processor. The electronic devices belonging to ICT operate on the
basis of software.
• Sanly amallar – adamlar bilen guramalaryň arasynda kagyz ulanmazdan amala aşyrylýan
onlaýn ýa-da awtomatik amallar hökmünde kesgitlenip bilner. Sanly amallar wagty we puly
tygşytlaýar. Şeýle hem sanly amallar ýalňyşlyklary azaltmaga kömek edýän yzarlamak
mümkinçiliklerini gowulandyrýar.
• Digital transactions can be defined as online or automated transactions between people and
organizations without the use of paper. Digital processes save time and money. Digital
processes also improve tracking capabilities, which help reduce errors.
• Sanly maglumatlar – bu maşyn dil ulgamlaryny dürli tehnologiýalar esasynda ulanyp,
maglumatlaryň beýleki görnüşlerini görkezýän maglumatlardyr. Bu ulgamlaryň esasy ikilik
hasaplaýyş ulgam bolup, çylşyrymly ses, wideo ýa-da tekst maglumatlaryny ikilik nyşanlaryň,
adatça birlikleriň we nollaryň ýa-da «bar» we «ýok» bahalaryň toplumynda saklaýar.
• Digital data is data that represents other types of data using machine language systems based
on various technologies. The basis of these systems is a binary computing system that stores
complex audio, video, or text data as a set of binary characters, usually ones and zeros or "yes"
and "no" values.
• Internete elýeterlilik ulanyjylar ýa-da kärhanalar tarapyndan şahsy kompýuterleri, noutbuklary
ýa-da ykjam enjamlary ulanyp, Internete birikmek hadysasydyr. Internete girmek şahsyýetlere
ýa-da guramalara Internet hyzmatlaryndan, web esasly hyzmatlardan peýdalanmaga
mümkinçilik berýär. Gysga wagtyň içinde hyzmatlaryň has çalt we ygtybarly görnüşleri üpjün
edilip, Internete girmek tehnologiýalary üýtgedi. Häzirki wagtda kabel Internet we ADSL ýaly
giň gerimli tehnologiýalar Internete girmek üçin giňden ulanylýan usullardyr. Internete
girmegiň tizligi, bahasy, ygtybarlylygy we elýeterliligi sebite, Internet hyzmatyny üpjün edijä
we birikmegiň görnüşine baglydyr.
• Internet access is the phenomenon of users or businesses connecting to the Internet using
personal computers, laptops, or mobile devices. Internet access allows individuals or
organizations to access Internet services, web-based services. In a short period of time, Internet
access technologies have changed, providing faster and more reliable types of services. Today,
broadband technologies such as cable Internet and ADSL are widely used methods for
accessing the Internet. Internet access speed, cost, reliability, and availability vary by region,
Internet service provider, and connection type.
MAT-pudagy bilim ulgamyny özgerdýär. Internet global tora girmegiň netijesinde köpsanly
maglumatlary ulanmaga mümkinçilikler döredildi. Elektron poçta hyzmatlaryny, dürli bilim
mazmunly web sahypalaryny, wirtual synp otaglaryny we kitaphanalary ulanýanlaryň sany barha
artýar.
The ICT industry is transforming the education system. Access to the Internet has made it possible
to access a wide range of information. More and more people are using e-mail services, various
educational websites, virtual classrooms and libraries.
 MAT-laryň mümkinçilikleriniň saglygy goraýyş ulgamynda-da ulanylmagy, maglumatlary
bilelikde ulanmagyň we lukmanlar bilen hassalaryň arasynda has ýakyn aragatnaşygyň bolmagy
saglygy goraýyş ulgamynyň netijeliligini ýokarlandyrdy.
The use of ICT capabilities in the healthcare system, sharing information and closer
communication between doctors and patients has improved the efficiency of the healthcare system.

4.3. Sanly platformalaryň ykdysady ähmiýeti.

4.3. Economic importance of digital platforms.
Häzirki döwürde maglumat-kommunikasiýa tehnologiýalarynyň ösüşinde aşakdaky dört sany
ýagdaý bilen baglanyşykly özgertmeler amala aşyrylýar:
Currently, the development of information and communication technologies is undergoing reforms
related to the following four situations:
• sanly tehnologiýalary ulanmak mümkinçilikleri hemişe giňeldilýär;
• opportunities to use digital technologies are constantly expanding;
• sanly gurallary ornaşdyrmagyň we ulanmagyň bahasy hemişe pese düşýär;
• the cost of implementing and using digital tools is constantly decreasing;
• ykdysady gatnaşyklaryň sanlylaşdyrma derejesi elmydama artýar;
• the degree of digitization of economic relations is always increasing;
• sanly enjamlaryň (kompýuterleriň, telefonlaryň, akylly abzallaryň we Internete birikdirilýän
maşynlaryň) elýeterliligi hemişe artýar.
• the availability of digital devices (computers, phones, smart devices, and Internet-connected
machines) is constantly increasing.
Bu sanly özgertmeler sanly platformanyň goldaýan sanly ekoulgamynyň ösüşine esaslanan täze
işewürlik modellerine ykdysady düşünjeleri bolan, ýokary hilli täze şertleriň emele gelmegine getirdi.
Sanly platformalara daýanýan ulgamlar ykdysadyýetiň ähli ugurlarynda we böleklerinde düýpli
özgertmeleriň ýaýbaňlandyrylmagyna alyp barýar. Ýokary tizlikli we üznüksiz aragatnaşyk
hyzmatlaryny ýola goýmak, ýer-çäk serhetlerine ýa-da wagt aratapawudyna garamazdan, dürli
edaralaryň we guramalaryň arasynda ýakyn hyzmatdaşlygy ýola goýmakda hem-de bilelikdäki
döredijilikli başlangyçlary amala aşyrmakda ýokary amatlyklary döretmek bilen, olar ekoulgamlaryň
önüm öndürijiligini düýpgöter ýokarlandyrmaga kuwwatly itergi berýär.
These digital transformations have led to the creation of new business models with economic
insights based on the development of the digital ecosystem supported by the digital platform. Systems
based on digital platforms are leading to the deployment of fundamental reforms in all sectors and
sectors of the economy. By establishing high-speed and continuous communication services, creating
high facilities for establishing close cooperation between different institutions and organizations and
implementing joint creative initiatives, regardless of geographical borders or time difference, they are
a powerful impetus to radically improve the productivity of ecosystems.
Sanly platforma daýanmak arkaly ykdysadyýetiň hemme pudaklarynda şunuň ýaly özgertmeleri
goldamak bilen, bir tarapdan, milli howpsuzlygyň hajatlaryny hem-de sarp edijileriň bähbitlerini üpjün
etmegiň arasynda deňagramlylygy tapmagyň zerurlygy artýan bolsa, beýleki tarapdan, ykdysady işiň
hemme ulgamlarynda sanlylaşdyrmakdaky artykmaçlyklary gazanmak maksady bilen sanly
platformalaryň goldanylmagyny talap edýär, olar bolsa ady agzalan platformalaryň döredilmegi arkaly
özgerdilýär.
 By supporting such reforms in all sectors of the economy through reliance on digital platforms,
there is an increasing need to find a balance between national security needs and consumer interests,
on the one hand, and on the other hand, the need to support digital platforms in order to reap the
benefits of digitization in all sectors of economic activity. and they are reformed through the creation
of the aforementioned platforms.
Sanly platforma – bu MAT-lary ulanmagyň we zähmet güýjüniň paýlanmagynyň üýtgemeginiň
esasynda tranzaksion çykdajylaryň peselmegine getirýän, bir maglumat gurşawyna birleşdirilen bazar
gatnaşyjylarynyň wajyp mukdarynyň algoritmleşdirilen özara gatnaşygynyň ulgamydyr.
A digital platform is a system of algorithmic interaction of a significant number of market
participants integrated into a single information environment, which reduces transaction costs based
on the use of ICT and changes in the distribution of labor.
Sanlylaşdyrylan platformalar – munuň özi köpugurly bazarlar bolmak bilen, olarda önüm
öndürijilere we peýdalanyjylara özara hyzmatdaşlyk etmek arkaly bilelikde gymmatlyklary döretmäge
mümkinçilik berýän işewürlik-modelleri ulanylýar. Köpugurly häsiýete eýe bolan şeýle platformalar
taraplaryň her birine gerek bolan maglumatlary özara ylalaşmaga, gözlemäge, alyş-çalyş etmäge we
ýaýratmaga mümkinçilik berýän iş gurallaryny peýdalanmak arkaly ýakyn hyzmatdaşlykda bolmaga
mümkinçilik berýär.
Digital platforms are multifaceted marketplaces that use business models that allow producers
and users to co-create value through collaboration. Such platforms, which have a multifaceted nature,
enable close cooperation by using business tools that allow each of the parties to mutually agree,
search, exchange and distribute the information they need.
Ady agzalan platformalar içerki häsiýetli, ýagny önümçilik aýlawynyň bir bölegi ýa-da getirip
bermek zynjyrynyň bir düzüm bölegi görnüşinde (olar müşderiler bilen getirip berijileri özara
utgaşdyrýar), şeýle-de daşarky (pudaklaýyn) häsiýetli bolup bilýär, şunlukda «binýadyň öňbaşçysy
agza-kompaniýalaryň daşarky mümkinçiliklerini özara birleşdirýär». Platforma ugurly
kompaniýalaryň 176-synyň jemi bahasyndan ugur alanyňda, 2016-njy ýylda tutuş dünýä boýunça
platforma şekilli ykdysadyýetiň jemi göwrümi 4,3trln amerikan dollaryna barabar boldy.
The aforementioned platforms can be internal in nature, that is, as part of the production cycle or
in the form of a component of the supply chain (they coordinate customers and suppliers), as well as
external (indirect) in nature, that is, "the leader of the structure is the external member-companies". it
combines their capabilities". Based on the total value of 176 platform-oriented companies, the total
size of the global platform economy in 2016 was 4.3 trillion US dollars.
Sanly platformalaryň tutuş dünýä möçberindäki täsiri, köplenç, olaryň ozal bar bolan işewürlik-
modelleriniň (3.3.1-nji tablisa) «işini bökdemek» we olary bazar giňişliginden «gysyp çykarmak»
ukybyna görä kesgitlenilýär. Meselem, «Airbnb» kompaniýasy 2016-njy ýylda Rio-de-Žaneýro
şäherinde geçirilen Olimpiýa oýunlaryna gelen myhmanlar üçin 287 sany myhmanhananyň elektron
keşbini döretdi. Edil şonuň ýaly-da, taslamalary maliýeleşdirmegiň adaty serişdeleriniň oruntutary
(alternatiwasy) hökmünde çykyş edýän kraudfandingiň göwrümi 2015-nji ýylda ABŞ-nyň 34,4 mlrd
amerikan dollaryna deň boldy.
The global impact of digital platforms is often determined by their ability to "disrupt" existing
business models (Table 3.3.1) and "squeeze" them out of the marketplace. For example, the company
"Airbnb" created electronic images of 287 hotels for guests who came to the Olympic Games held in
Rio de Janeiro in 2016. Similarly, the volume of crowdfunding, which acts as a substitute (alternative)
for traditional means of financing projects, was equal to 34.4 billion US dollars in 2015.
 3.3.1-nji tablisa
Table 3.3.1
Sanly platformalaryň toparlara bölünişi
Classification of digital platforms
(Deloitte University)
Innowasion Agregirlenen
Amaly platformalar Sosial platformalar
platformalar platformalar
Application platforms Social platforms
Innovative platforms Aggregate platforms
Android, IOS,
Uber, Gett, Yandex Alibaba Twitter, TikTok
Microsoft Windows
Maýa goýum
Integrirlenen Mobilizirlenen Bilim platformalary
(Inwestision)
platformalar platformalar Educational
platformalary
Integrated platforms Mobilized platforms platforms
Investment platforms
Apple, App Store, CRM ulgamlary
Kickstarter Udemy, Coursera
iCloud (Bitrix24)

Sanly platformalar özüniň asyl many-mazmuny boýunça yzygiderli ösüş-özgerişiň

(ewolýusiýanyň) önümi bolmak bilen, öz düzüminde maddy (fiziki), bazar we hereket (özüňi alyp
baryş) şertlerini (faktorlaryny) jemleýär. Mundan başga-da, şahsy taraplar ykdysady işe gatnaşanda
başga bir ýagdaýda ulanylman galdyryljak hususy serişdeleri, şol sanda hususy aktiwleri hem işçi
güýjüni ýerlikli peýdalanýarlar ýa-da hususy aktiwlere bilelikde ygtyýar etmek düzgüninde eýelik
edýärler (emläge bolan kraundfanding eýeçiligi muňa mysal bolup biler).
Digital platforms, being a product of continuous development and change (evolution) in their
original meaning, include material (physical), market and behavioral (behavioral) conditions
(factors). In addition, when individuals participate in an economic activity, they appropriate private
resources, including private assets, that would otherwise be left unused (e.g., crowdfunding ownership
of private assets).
Platformalaryň işewürlik-modelleri «aktiwi hyzmat manysynda» peýdalanmak düzgüninde,
meselem, traktorlaryň we oba hojalyk enjamlarynyň umumy elýeterliligini üpjün etmek düzgüninde
işlemäge mümkinçilik berýär. Bu usula käbir ýagdaýlarda «bilelikdäki sarp edişiň ykdysadyýeti» hem
diýýärler. Pudaklaýyn sanly platformalar dürli gatnaşyjy taraplary kesgitli alnan pudak klasterinde ýa-
da pudagara giňişlikde özara birleşdirmek üçin niýetlenendir. Olar sanly özgertmeleriň durmuşa
geçirilmegine ýardam edýär hem-de ylmy-barlag we synag-konstruktorçylyk işleriniň giňişliginde
işjeňligi höweslendirýär, aýratynlykda alnan pudagyň ýa-da kompaniýanyň çäklerinde tehnologiýalary
we innowasiýalary özara alyşmaga we ýaýratmaga amatly mümkinçilikleri döredýär. Meselem, «Astra
Zeneca» kompaniýasynyň kabul eden innowasiýa häsiýetli açyk modeli alymlaryň we tehniki
hünärmenleriň giň toparynyň gatnaşmagynda ylmy-barlaglary we innowasion çözgütleri
kraundfanding düzgüninde maliýeleşdirmäge mümkinçilik berýär.
Business-models of the platforms allow to work in an "active service sense" mode of use, for
example, in the mode of ensuring the general availability of tractors and agricultural equipment. This
approach is sometimes referred to as the "sharing economy." Indirect digital platforms are designed
to connect different stakeholders in a specific industry cluster or interagency space. They facilitate the
implementation of digital transformations and stimulate activity in the space of research and
development activities, creating favorable opportunities for mutual exchange and dissemination of
technologies and innovations within a particular industry or company. For example, Astra Zeneca's
innovative open model allows financing research and innovative solutions with the participation of a
wide group of scientists and technical experts through crowdfunding.
Tutuş dünýäniň bu ugurda ylmy gözlegleri alyp barýan jemgyýetçiligi esasy ünsi takyk alnan
meseleleriň çözgüdini gözlemäge gönükdirmek bilen, resmi taýdan «Astra Zeneca» kompaniýasynyň
önümçilik ýa-da ylmy-barlag düzümleri bilen öz işini utgaşdyrmaýar. Şuňa meňzeş tejribe
synaglarynyň başy Braziliýada «FIAT» kompaniýasy, şonuň ýaly-da «Procter & Gambl» kompaniýasy
tarapyndan başlanyldy.
The world-wide research community in this field focuses on finding solutions to specific problems
and does not officially coordinate its work with Astra Zeneca's production or research facilities.
Similar experiments were initiated in Brazil by Fiat and Procter & Gamble.