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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In order to accomplish a task, facts, situations and persons integrate together to form a
background. “Greatness lies in being grateful and not in being great.” This assignment is a
result of contribution of distinct personalities whose guidance here made our effort a producing
one, as “no task is a single man’s effort”.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to the juniors and seniors however it would
not have been possible without their support. We would like to express our sincere thanks to all
of them.
The experience which is gained by us during this project t is essential for us at this turning
point of our career.
We are thankful to the Head of Department, DR SYED HAIDER ALI and our professor DR.
DOA. NAQVI under whose kind & constant guidance we had the opportunity to expand our
horizons and view the various problems from different perspective.
We wish to express thanks to the all team members who helped us to successfully complete the
assignment.

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 2.OVERVIEW

The Sustainable Development Goals are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the
planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere.

The Goals were adopted by all United Nations Member States in September 2015 as part of the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which sets out a 15-year plan to achieve the Goals
and their related targets. Never before had world leaders pledged common action across such a
broad and universal policy agenda.

The 17 Goals are interconnected, apply to all countries, and need to be carried out by all
stakeholders – governments, the private sector, civil society, the United Nations system and
others – in a collaborative partnership.

This year marks the midpoint of SDG implementation. However, on its current course, the world
may miss many Sustainable Development Goals targets by 2030. For the first time in decades,
development progress has stalled and even reversed under the combined weight of climate
disasters, conflict, economic downturn and the lingering aftermath of COVID-19. The SDG

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Summit, held on 18 to 19 September 2023 at the UN Headquarters in New York is a unique
opportunity for the world to pivot from crisis to development and deliver the breakthroughs
needed to achieve the Goals.

This exhibit illustrates the Sustainable Development Goals through photos from around the
world, bringing to life what the 17 Goals mean for people on the planet.

This exhibit was produced by the UN Department of Global Communications.

The 17 SDGs are: -

1. No Poverty

2. Zero Hunger

3. Good Health and Well-being

4. Quality Education

5. Gender Equality

6. Clean Water and Sanitation

7. Affordable and Clean Energy

8. Decent Work and Economic Growth

9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

10. Reduced Inequalities

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities

12. Responsible Consumption and Production

13. Climate Action

14. Life Below Water

15. Life on Land

16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

17. Partnerships for the Goals

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 3.INTRODUCTION

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 is to reduce inequality within and among
countries. Inequality can be based on many factors, including:

Age, Gender, Disability status, Race or ethnicity, Religion, Sexual orientation, Migratory status,
and Residence.

Inequality can threaten social and economic development, harm poverty reduction, and damage
people's self-worth and sense of fulfilment.

SDG 10 seeks to reduce inequalities both within and between countries. This includes addressing
disparities in income, wealth, opportunity, and access to essential services. The goal recognizes
that inequality can hinder sustainable development, erode social cohesion, and perpetuate
poverty. Strategies to achieve SDG 10 include progressive taxation, social protection programs,
education and training, decent work, inclusive economic growth, gender equality, and social
inclusion. By addressing these issues, SDG 10 aims to create a more just, equitable, and
sustainable world for all.

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Understanding that development is not sustainable if people are excluded from opportunities,
services, and the chance for a better life; SDG 10 calls on the international community to “reduce
inequality within and among countries”. The 10 targets within SDG 10 cast a wide net to capture
multiple drivers of inequality and to ensure that no group or individual is left behind. Four
targets address within country inequality across social, economic and political dimensions
aiming to expand prosperity, inclusion, and social protection. Three targets aim to reduce
inequality among countries with attention to cross-border flows of finance and people and the
distribution of voice in global institutions. Three other targets focus on the means of
implementation and put forward concrete steps for attaining greater equality by directing
resource flows toward those most in need. See Annex 1 for the full list of SDG 10 targets in
each of these categories.

Since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda in 2015, there has been some positive movement as
measured by SDG 10 targets. In 64 per cent of the countries with data, the incomes of the poorest
40 per cent of the population grew faster than the national average. The global average cost of
sending remittances has declined in recent years although rates are still more than double SDG
targets. And tariffs faced by small island developing States and least developed countries have
been falling. This progress has been mixed across countries and regions. At the same time,
indicators attached to five of the targets in SDG 10 fall under Tier III status, meaning that regular
reporting against these indicators is not yet fully developed and tracking of progress at global,
regional and national levels is limited. This includes indictors for monitoring discrimination and
disaggregated income deprivations which are important for informing inclusive policies.

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 4.SDG 10 Targets

SDG 10 to reduce inequality within and among countries includes seven substantive targets –
four that address within country inequality and three that address inequality among countries;
and three targets that focus on the means of implementation. These targets are listed in full in the
table below.

Substantive Targets

Reduce inequality within countries

10.1 Progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the
population at a rate higher than the national average.

10.2 Empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective
of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.

10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating
discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation,
policies and action in this regard.

10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively
achieve greater equality.

Reduce inequality among countries

10.5 Improving the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions
and strengthening the implementation of such regulations.

10.6 Ensuring enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in

decisionmaking in global international economic and financial institutions in order to
deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions.

10.7 Facilitating orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people,
including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration

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 policies.

Implementation Targets

10.a Implementing the principle of special and differentiated treatment for developing
countries and least developed countries in particular, in accordance with World Trade
Organization agreements.

10.b Encouraging official development assistance and financial flows, including through
foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest in line with national
plans and programmes.

10.c Reducing to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittance corridors
with costs higher than 5 per cent.