Lecture 07: UDP

1. What is the main characteristic of UDP?

A) Reliable and in-order delivery
B) Connection-oriented
C) Connectionless and unreliable
D) Provides flow control and congestion control
Answer: C
2. Which of the following protocols is not typically built on UDP?
A) DNS
B) SNMP
C) HTTP/3
D) TCP
Answer: D
3. The UDP header length is:
A) 4 bytes
B) 8 bytes
C) 16 bytes
D) 20 bytes
Answer: B
4. In UDP, the checksum is used to:
A) Ensure ordered delivery of packets
B) Provide error detection
C) Control congestion in the network
D) Set up a connection before data transmission
Answer: B
5. Multiplexing and demultiplexing in the transport layer are primarily based on:
A) IP addresses only
B) Port numbers only
C) Source IP and port numbers only
D) IP addresses and port numbers
Answer: D
6. Which layer provides services directly to the application layer?
A) Physical Layer
B) Data Link Layer
C) Network Layer
D) Transport Layer
Answer: D
7. UDP is commonly used for which of the following applications?
A) Web browsing
B) Streaming multimedia
C) Email
D) File transfer
Answer: B
8. What does MUX stand for in transport layer services?
A) Multiple User Exchange
B) Multiplexing
C) Multiple Usage Xchange
D) Mixed Utility Exchange
Answer: B
9. Which transport layer service allows distinguishing data for different
applications?
A) Multiplexing
B) Encapsulation
C) Checksum
D) Error Correction
Answer: A
10. The size of a UDP segment is limited to:
A) 64 KB
 B) 8 KB
C) 32 KB
D) 128 KB
Answer: A
11. UDP is referred to as 'no-frills' protocol because:
A) It requires handshaking
B) It is a connectionless protocol
C) It offers built-in reliability
D) It supports flow control
Answer: B
12. UDP is preferred over TCP for:
A) Secure transactions
B) Reliable data transfer
C) Fast and lightweight communication
D) Encrypted communication
Answer: C
13. Which field in the UDP header helps detect errors?
A) Source Port
B) Checksum
C) Length
D) Destination Port
Answer: B
14. In UDP, lost segments are:
A) Retransmitted automatically
B) Reordered upon receipt
C) Discarded without retransmission
D) Stored in a buffer
Answer: C
15. UDP can handle multiple data flows between applications by:
A) Using different IP addresses
B) Assigning port numbers
C) Sequencing packets
D) Increasing segment size
Answer: B
16. The primary advantage of UDP over TCP is:
A) Reliable data transfer
B) No delay from connection setup
C) Connection-oriented nature
D) Error correction
Answer: B
17. The header field that indicates the length of the UDP segment is:
A) Checksum
B) Source Port
C) Length
D) Destination Port
Answer: C
18. UDP is categorized as:
A) Transport layer, connection-oriented
B) Transport layer, connectionless
C) Network layer, connection-oriented
D) Network layer, connectionless
Answer: B
19. Which of these protocols is used over UDP?
A) SMTP
B) DNS
C) FTP
D) HTTPS
Answer: B
20. UDP is often referred to as:
 A) Guaranteed delivery protocol
B) Best-effort service
C) Acknowledgment-based protocol
D) Control-based service
Answer: B

Lecture 08: TCP Basics

1. TCP provides all the following services except:

A) Reliable transport
B) In-order delivery
C) Flow control
D) Timing guarantees
Answer: D
2. The RDT 3.0 protocol is designed for:
A) Error-free channels
B) Channels with bit errors only
C) Channels with packet loss and errors
D) High-speed channels without errors
Answer: C
3. Which mechanism prevents the TCP sender from overwhelming the receiver?
A) Congestion control
B) Flow control
C) Demultiplexing
D) Multiplexing
Answer: B
4. The TCP 3-way handshake involves all the following states except:
A) SYN
B) SYN-ACK
C) FIN
D) ACK
Answer: C
5. What is cumulative acknowledgment in TCP?
A) Acknowledgment for each received packet
B) A single acknowledgment for all packets up to a specific sequence number
C) A retransmission request
D) A signal to close the connection
Answer: B
6. TCP establishes a connection before data transfer using:
A) 3-way handshake
B) SYN Flooding
C) Packet sequencing
D) Multiplexing
Answer: A
7. The field in TCP header that shows the next byte expected by the receiver is:
A) Sequence number
B) Acknowledgment number
C) Window size
D) Data offset
Answer: B
8. In TCP, MSS stands for:
A) Maximum Segment Size
B) Minimum Segment Size
C) Main Segment Size
D) Multiple Segment Size
Answer: A
9. Which protocol does TCP use to handle lost packets?
A) Retransmit all packets
 B) Fast Retransmit
C) Demultiplexing
D) None of the above
Answer: B
10. TCP�s congestion control has a phase called:
A) Fast Start
B) Slow Start
C) Immediate Start
D) Congestion Start
Answer: B
11. The TCP header contains all of the following fields except:
A) Source port
B) Window size
C) Sequence number
D) Data check
Answer: D
12. In TCP, flow control is provided by:
A) The IP layer
B) The window size field
C) The sequence numbers
D) The congestion window
Answer: B
13. Which of these indicates a request to terminate a TCP connection?
A) SYN
B) ACK
C) FIN
D) PSH
Answer: C
14. The minimum size of a TCP header is:
A) 8 bytes
B) 12 bytes
C) 20 bytes
D) 24 bytes
Answer: C
15. The field that handles urgent data in TCP is:
A) Data offset
B) Urgent pointer
C) Window size
D) Sequence number
Answer: B
16. TCP protocol is primarily responsible for providing:
A) Connectionless data transfer
B) Reliable data transfer
C) Unreliable data transfer
D) Security
Answer: B
17. In TCP, pipelining allows:
A) Only one packet in the network at a time
B) Multiple packets in transit
C) Only two packets
D) Blocking all packets
Answer: B
18. TCP segments are:
A) Only acknowledged by the receiver
B) Transmitted without any header
C) Delivered in sequence
D) Delivered out-of-sequence
Answer: C
19. ACK in TCP represents:
 A) Acknowledgment
B) Ack Packet
C) Ack Transmission
D) Acknowledgment Control
Answer: A
20. The size of a TCP header with no options is:
A) 12 bytes
B) 16 bytes
C) 20 bytes
D) 32 bytes
Answer: C

Lecture 09: TCP Flow & Congestion Control

1. TCP congestion control primarily addresses:

A) Packet reordering
B) Packet loss due to congestion
C) Packet duplication
D) Flow control at the application level
Answer: B
2. Which phase in TCP congestion control exponentially increases the congestion
window?
A) Congestion Avoidance
B) Slow Start
C) Fast Retransmit
D) Multiplicative Decrease
Answer: B
3. The 'rwnd' field in the TCP header is used for:
A) Congestion control
B) Flow control
C) Demultiplexing
D) Multiplexing
Answer: B
4. When TCP detects three duplicate ACKs, it performs:
A) Slow start
B) Fast retransmit and congestion avoidance
C) Flow control adjustment
D) Immediate close
Answer: B
5. If congestion is detected by timeout, TCP will:
A) Perform slow start
B) Retransmit immediately
C) Ignore the event
D) Use a larger window size
Answer: A
6. What is the 'ssthresh' parameter in TCP?
A) Maximum segment size
B) Initial congestion window
C) Threshold for slow start
D) Timeout interval
Answer: C
7. TCP's congestion avoidance increases the congestion window by:
A) Exponential growth
B) Multiplicative growth
C) Additive increase
D) Constant size
Answer: C
8. TCP enters congestion avoidance when:
 A) It detects three duplicate ACKs
B) The congestion window reaches ssthresh
C) The flow control window is zero
D) The window size is too small
Answer: B
9. In the slow start phase, the congestion window increases:
A) Linearly
B) Exponentially
C) Logarithmically
D) Randomly
Answer: B
10. TCP's congestion control approach includes:
A) Two phases
B) Three phases
C) Four phases
D) Five phases
Answer: B
11. The process of gradually increasing the congestion window in TCP is called:
A) Multiplicative decrease
B) Additive increase
C) Immediate restart
D) Slow start
Answer: B
12. A 2-way handshake is inadequate in TCP because:
A) It cannot handle variable delays
B) It cannot detect retransmissions
C) It can lead to incorrect states
D) All of the above
Answer: D
13. The receive buffer advertised by TCP is called:
A) Rwnd
B) Swnd
C) Cwnd
D) None of the above
Answer: A
14. In TCP, the term 'fast retransmit' refers to:
A) Immediate retransmission upon timeout
B) Retransmission after three duplicate ACKs
C) Retransmission after single ACK
D) None of the above
Answer: B
15. TCP uses RTT samples to:
A) Set the window size
B) Calculate the timeout interval
C) Determine packet ordering
D) Set the header size
Answer: B
16. TCP congestion window is reduced when:
A) The sender gets a duplicate ACK
B) The receiver requests it
C) A timeout or triple ACK occurs
D) Only at session start
Answer: C
17. Which mechanism is used by TCP to detect congestion?
A) Duplicate ACKs
B) Timeout
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer: C
18. TCP�s exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) is used for:
A) Setting initial timeout
B) Estimating RTT
C) Determining congestion window
D) Calculating MSS
Answer: B
19. In TCP, congestion control and flow control are:
A) The same
B) Different mechanisms
C) Both managed by the receiver
D) Only needed in UDP
Answer: B
20. The TCP phase after congestion is detected by duplicate ACKs is:
A) Slow Start
B) Congestion Avoidance
C) Fast Recovery
D) Fast Start
Answer: C