11

Discipline and
Ideas in Social
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Social Science

DISCIPLINES
as the Study of Society

AND IDEAS IN THE

SOCIAL SCIENCES
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Pantayong Pananaw

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Pantayong Pananaw & Pilipinolohiya
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Compiler/Contextualizer: Sheila V. Abellar, MT1, Abellana NS

Editors/Reviewers: Alice S. Ganar,John Paul Lesondato, Marilou dela
Cuesta, Daisy Von Dy, Florinda Geyrozaga
Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed.D.
School Division Superintendent

Dr. Gracia Bataluna

Chief, Curriculum Instruction Division

Dr. Luis Derasin, Jr.

EPS, Aral.Pan/SHS

Mrs. Vanessa Harayo, LLB

EPS In-Charge of LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Department of Education – Region VII

Office Address: New Imus Road, Day-as Cebu City

Telefax: (032)2551516
E-mail Address: [email protected]

1
 First Semester
Quarter 2: MODULE 7 – Week 7
Pantayong Pananaw & Pilipinolohiya

Content Standard : The learner understands the key concepts in the

Social Sciences rooted in Filipino language/s and
experiences
Performance Standard : The learner shall be able to carry out an exploration
of personal and social experiences using indigenous
concepts
Competencies : Examine the key concepts and ideas of Filipino
Thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted in Filipino
language/s and experiences: Pantayong Pananaw &
Pilipinolohiya
Learning Outcomes : Upon completion of the module, the learner is
expected to:
a. generate roles of culture and language that
plays in the process of indigenization.
b. create theories and concepts in Pantayong
Pananaw & Pilipinolohiya in writing journals.
c. revise theories and concepts in pantayong
pananaw & Pilipinolohiya through creative
output.

What I Know

Multiple Choice: Write the letter of your correct answer in the answer sheet.

1. Analyze what study on ideas and understanding of Filipino thoughts and

culture as they manifest in the realms of language, media, and the arts?
a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

2. The following are movements in promoting indigenization, except ___________.

a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

2
3. Language is critical in the understanding our history and culture because
________________.
a. It serves as a medium of communication.
b. Cultural activities are described thoroughly.
c. Cultural activities and practices are interpreted.
d. People are becoming active participants in cultural activities.

4. Pilipinolohiya rejects the idea of Universalism. What does Universalism

imply?
a. The theories of western social sciences have universal application.
b. It is the westernization of traditional Social Sciences.
c. Western approaches can explain Eurocentric views.
d. Ideological interpretation is rooted in a place.

5. Positivist tradition in the Social Sciences is strongly criticized by the

indigenization movement for being _________________.
a. Incomplete c. Reductionist
b. Misleading d. All of the above

6. Pantayong Pananaw seeks to explain that Philippine history written by

Filipinos for fellow Filipinos is which not accepted by principle.
a. Empowering c. Transforming
b. Liberating d. Dominating

7. If Pangkayong Pananaw is “from you to us”; Then, “from us to us” is

_______________.
a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

8. Analyze the following examples which is best suited for Eurocentric view?
a. Western culture as a superior race.
b. Third World countries as inferior race.
c. Western countries as protector of the poor countries.
d. Western countries are more powerful and influential citizen in the world.

9. Who is the father of Pantayong Pananaw?

a. Gaspar Enriquez c. Zeus Salazar
b. Macliing Dulag d. Lorenzo Tanada

10. Appraise the following statements that define Pantayong Pananaw?

a. Decolonization of Philippine historiography.
b. Writing history form the Filipino point of view.
c. Write the Philippine history in the Filipino language.
d. Revision of ideas and concept in the Filipino language through
inculturation

3
 11. Historiography is a method of writing our __________________.
a. Artifacts c. Traditions
b. History d. Values

12. Evaluate the following statement which is true about “Pansilang Pananaw.
a. Philippine history written by Filipinos
b. Philippine history written by Foreigners
c. Philippine history written by Historians
d. Philippine history written by Sociologists

13. It is the brand of historiography with Filipino writing for foreign audiences.
a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

14. Analyze the following key assumption which is best suited to Pantayong
Pananaw.
a. The use of foreign language in Filipino setting, culture, and tradition.
b. The use of Western perspective in interpreting local history.
c. The use of foreign language in teaching history.
d. The use of local language in teaching history.

15. Appraise the best example of Western Hegemony.

a. Television as an extension of capitalism.
b. Social media in promoting local products.
c. Memorandum of Agreement with foreign investors.
d. Collaborative effort with other countries in the invention of vaccines.

Time is up..! Let us see if your answers are correct as you explore this module.
And your journey starts now…...

What I Need To Know

In Agham Panlipunang Pilipino, it is necessary that we develop our own

intellectual and academic discourse; and actively use it not only to replace Western
terms, words, or concepts but also to create a community of intellectuals who are
able to express their original ideas, thoughts and methods in a language understood
by most people whom they are investigating, studying, and serving.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
a. generate roles of culture and language that plays in the process of
indigenization.

b. create theories and concepts in Pantayong Pananaw & Pilipinolohiya in writing

journals.
c. revise theories and concepts in pantayong pananaw & Pilipinolohiya through
creative output.

4
 What’s New

As I See It. Explain this statement in three sentences. “The only true
Filipino is a decolonized Filipino.” – Renato Constantino, critical historian.
Indigenization is a part of decolonization which seeks to reassert
indigenous identity and national sovereignty, encompassing the economic,
political, and cultural aspects of our nation.
The journey to better understanding our culture now begins!

What Is It

Pantayong Pananaw

Dr. Zeus Salazar, forerunner of Pantayong Pananaw (PP), defines this

approach in history as an “internal interrelatedness of values, character, knowledge,
wisdom, aspiration, traditions, behavior, and experience of a particular culture or
civilization as a whole.”
Pantayong Pananaw aims to decolonize Philippine historiography (method of
writing history). Filipino historians who subscribe to Pantayong Pananaw seek to
write and explain Philippine history to fellow Filipinos in the language they can
understand, appreciate, and internalize. This is premised on the idea that Philippine
history written by Filipinos for fellow Filipinos is both liberating and empowering. In
this manner, history becomes a unifying thread that binds people with a common
culture, language and heritage.
Traditionally, Philippine history has been largely written by foreigners from
their perspective (Pangsilang Pananaw) or by Filipinos using the foreign lens as frame
of analysis. Pantayong Pananaw seeks to indigenize the philosophy, method,
approach, and application of studying and doing history. To be truly empowering
and transformative, Philippine history should be first and foremost understood and
internalized by Filipinos. A national sense of history is a crucial element of
nationhood. Writing history from the Filipino point of view is essential to our
collective self-discovery as a nation. Similarly, national development is not possible
without deep historical analysis and consciousness.
In relation to Pantayong Pananaw, Dr Salazar questions the Pangkaming
Pananaw approach (from us to you) for failing to engage and communicate with fellow
Filipinos as participants in the collective discourse in Philippine history. Using
foreign languages and perspectives, Filipino masses.
Historians who fall under the Pangkaming Pananaw write in the language that
is not understood by many Filipinos, thereby alienating their readers and separating
Filipinos from their own history. Salazar also argues that this kind of historiography
tends to limit the critical discourse between historians and their foreign audience,
thereby reducing the Philippines into a mere subject of study by outsiders. This

5
historical perspective also renders the act of writing history vulnerable to foreign
influences and dictates.

Kinds of Philippine Historiography

➢ Pangkayong Pananaw (from you to us) - The use of western perspective

(Eurocentric and colonial) in interpreting and judging local historical
experiences.
➢ Pangkaming Pananaw (from us to you) - This brand of historiography is
identified with Filipinos who write in a foreign language intended for foreign
audiences and Filipino elites.
➢ Pantayong Pananaw (from us to us) - This alternative approach in
history writing is deeply rooted in the Filipino consciousness and culture with
the aim of writing history by Filipinos for the interest of fellow Filipinos,
especially the ordinary Filipinos. Advocates of Pantayong Pananaw emphasize
the central importance of using a common and local language as a medium of
communication and basis for understanding and solidarity.

Dr. Salazar asserts that the writing of history by Filipinos must be anchored
on local values, consciousness, and perspectives. Because of the dominant outward-
oriented tendency in history writing, the country failed to utilize history as a powerful
force for nation-building, socio-political empowerment, and cultural development.
Pantayong Pananaw also underscores the significance of language in the
study, writing and understanding of history. In many countries in the Third World,
difficulties with the English language can pose as a cultural barrier to the people’s
full and deep understanding of scholarly texts. Language is critical in the
understanding and appreciation of texts because it serves as a medium of
communication and a reflection of consciousness. Thus, advocates of Pantayong
Pananaw strive to promote the use of local languages in teaching history at all levels
in schools. In Asian countries, local languages are commonly used as the official
medium of communication in government and education. This enables the people
to become better learners in the academic settings and more active participants in
the development process.
In addition, Dr. Salazar believes that Pantayong Pananaw will facilitate the
discovery, invention, and development of science and technology within the context
of Filipino society and culture.

Pilipinolohiya

Pilipinolohiya is a counter-ideology to colonial and neocolonial education

which promote western ideals and perspectives to the detriment of indigenous
knowledge and education. Pilipinolohiya argues that indigenous knowledge can
contribute to the vast body of knowledge in the fields of science and the humanities.
Anthropologist Prospero Covar defined Pilipinolohiya as the “systematic study and
understanding of Filipino thought and culture as they manifest in the realms of
language, media and the arts.” It challenges the applicability of western theoretical

6
constructs in explaining indigenous social realities, and presupposes that our
language, thoughts and culture are products of our experiences as Filipinos.
Pilipinolohiya is a critical stance against any form of western hegemony. As
an embodiment of Third World consciousness, indigenization seeks to challenge the
intellectual and cultural dependence of local scholars on western models and
methods. It also rejects the prevailing foreign descriptions and interpretations in
examining local realities and conditions, which have led to historical distortion and
cultural misrepresentation of Filipino tradition and way of life.
Pilipinolohiya also rejects the idea of universalism which claims that the
theories, approaches and concepts of western social sciences have universal
application in all context which claims that the theories, approaches and concepts
of western social sciences have universal application in all contexts, societies, and
cultures. Related to this is the westernization of traditional social sciences which
has led to its tendency to rely heavily on quantitative approaches in describing and
understanding complex human societies. This positivist tradition in the social
sciences is strongly criticized by the indigenization movement for being reductionist,
misleading and incomplete.

What’s More
My Journal: According to Dr. Salazar: Language is critical in the
understanding and appreciation of texts because it serves as a medium of
communication and a reflection of consciousness.
Now, write a journal on your personal experience where language became a
barrier in communicating for promoting certain awareness and causes in solving
societal issues. Answer the following guide questions:
A. How does language bridge the gap in social issues and concerns for
social advancement?
B. Why is the use of specific language significant for person development?
C. What will be the best language that will make a person fully alive and
fully human? Elucidate your answer.
D. Is a definite language essential to bring certain awareness and causes
to make individuals more humane? And why?

Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

What I Have Learned

Identity is important to a country or a nation-state; Pantayong Pananaw and

Pilipinolohiya is important in initiating the start to find the real cultural root and
upbringing of the Filipino nation to strive for greatness.

7
Ponder on this!
Sometimes, it is easy to say that nothing could be distinctly Filipino with all
the diversity of, say, food, in our society. It is also tempting to declare, especially by
an outsider, that all our good traits were borrowed from foreigners or were brought
here by them. Are we really a product of various layers of “influences” from the
outside that there is no core value in our social existence? What is your personal
view?

What I Can Do

Filipino Perspective: The Filipino society should be analyzed from the eyes
of Filipino perspectives. Study and analyze the famous and popular phrases, lines
and concepts used in successful marketing campaigns of some products. Why do
you think these became vehicles for the successful promotion of products in the
Philippine market? What sort of products are given this so-called “pinoy touch?”
Write your thoughts and findings in a separate sheet of paper.

A. Kasangga mo
B. Iba na ang may pinagsamahan
C. Hiyang sa Pinay
D. Pang Hagod sa Pagod
E. Haplos ng Ina
F. Pampamilya na pang-isports pa

In other parts of the world, multinational companies or giant American

restaurant chains need to adapt to local culture and infuse local flavor to fit into the
senses of the native population. Do you think this affects primarily our colonial
mentality?

8
 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Write the letter of your correct answer in the answer sheet.

1. Pilipinolohiya rejects the idea of Universalism. What does Universalism

imply?
a. The theories of western social sciences have universal application.
b. It is the westernization of traditional Social Sciences.
c. Western approaches can explain Eurocentric views.
d. Ideological interpretation is rooted in a place.

2. Appraise the following statements that define Pantayong Pananaw?

a. Decolonization of Philippine historiography.
b. Writing history form the Filipino point of view.
c. Write the Philippine history in the Filipino language.
d. Revision of ideas and concept in the Filipino language through
inculturation

3. Analyze what study on ideas and understanding of Filipino thoughts and

culture as they manifest in the realms of language, media, and the arts?
a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

4. Evaluate the following statement which is true about “Pansilang Pananaw.

a. Philippine history written by Filipinos
b. Philippine history written by Foreigners
c. Philippine history written by Historians
d. Philippine history written by Sociologists

5. It is the brand of historiography with Filipino writing for foreign audiences.

a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

6. Who is the father of Pantayong Pananaw?

a. Gaspar Enriquez c. Zeus Salazar
b. Macliing Dulag d. Lorenzo Tanada

7. If Pangkayong Pananaw is “from you to us”; Then, “from us to us” is

_______________.
a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

9
8. Pantayong Pananaw seeks to explain that Philippine history written by
Filipinos for fellow Filipinos is which not accepted by principle.
a. Empowering c. Transforming
b. Liberating d. Dominating

9. Analyze the following examples which is best suited for Eurocentric view?
a. Western culture as a superior race.
b. Third World countries as inferior race.
c. Western countries as protector of the poor countries.
d. Western countries are more powerful and influential citizen in the world.

10. Positivist tradition in the Social Sciences is strongly criticized by the

indigenization movement for being _________________.
a. Incomplete c. Reductionist
b. Misleading d. All of the above

11. Language is critical in the understanding our history and culture because
________________.
a. It serves as a medium of communication.
b. Cultural activities are described thoroughly.
c. Cultural activities and practices are interpreted.
d. People are becoming active participants in cultural activities.

12. The following are movements in promoting indigenization, except ___________.

a. Pangkaming Pananaw c. Pantayong Pananaw
b. Pangkayong Pananaw d. Pilipinolohiya

13. Historiography is a method of writing our __________________.

a. Artifacts c. Traditions
b. History d. Values

14. Appraise the best example of Western Hegemony.

a. Television as an extension of capitalism.
b. Social media in promoting local products.
c. Memorandum of Agreement with foreign investors.
d. Collaborative effort with other countries in the invention of vaccines.

15. Analyze the following key assumption which is best suited to Pantayong
Pananaw.
a. The use of foreign language in Filipino setting, culture, and tradition.
b. The use of Western perspective in interpreting local history.
c. The use of foreign language in teaching history.
d. The use of local language in teaching history

10
 Additional Activities

I CAN SEE YOUR VOICE Activity

Choose one social issue and produce one creative output through an essay, or
poem, or caricature, or collage, or painting, or news writing where your voice can be
read by the Cebuano community to uplift their darkest moments of their lives where
they can see a silver lining where negativity will not flourish during this pandemic
period. Write your answer in a different paper.

These are the following social issues you can choose. Choose only one.
A. Loss of Jobs
B. Deforestation
C. Global Change
D. Gender Equality
E. Teenage Pregnancy
F. COVID-19 Pandemic
G. Mental Health Issues
H. HIV/AIDS Awareness

Criteria:
Solution to social issues --- 45%
Relevance to the signs of the time --- 40%
Originality --- 10%
Creativity --- 5%
100%

11
 References
Jose, M. D. and Ong, J. (2017) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, Vibal
Group, Inc.,

DELA CRUZ, ARLEIGH ROSS D., FADRIGON, CECILE C., and MENDOZA, DIANA J.
“Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences.” Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.2016.

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences by Arleigh Ross D. dela Cruz, et.al. page
63, Accessed 7 2, 2020. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/48/2/90/.

Contreras, A. (2015). Mga Pagdalumat Tungo sa Pagsasakatutubo: Pilipinolohiya,

Sikolohiyang Pilipino at Pantayong Pananaw. Retrieved from
http://contreraspolitics.ph/academic-briefs/37-mga-pagdalumat-tungo-sa-
pagsasakatutubo-pilipinolohiya-sikolohiyang-pilipino-at-pantayong-
pananaw

Philosophical Knowledge by Paulo Zerbato (Retreived):

https://pixels.com/featured/philosophical-knowledge-paulo-zerbato.html
Psychology vs. philosophy: Beauty requires thought (Retreived):
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317418
Why We All Need Philosophy (Retreived): https://markmanson.net/why-we-all-need-
philosophy

12