MAT1320 C ALCULUS I

1. Introduction & Review of Functions

Getting ready for MAT1320C, Fall 2023:

⇤ Course Syllabus – policies
⇤ Brightspace resources
⇤ Textbook
⇤ Mobius assignments (worth 10% overall) due almost every Saturday.
⇤ Test 1 (20%) during lecture on Wednesday, October 4
⇤ Test 2 (20%) during lecture on Wednesday, November 15
⇤ Final Exam (50%), to be scheduled during Exam period (Dec. 8-21)

T HE B IG P ICTURE
Calculus was developed in the mid seventeenth century at
about the same time by two scientists: Sir Isaac Newton and
Gottfried Leibniz.
The idea was to develop general solutions to two problems:
Differential Calculus Integral Calculus
(about 2/3 of MAT1320) (about 1/3 of MAT1320)

Goal: find the slope of a Goal: find the area bounded

tangent at any point on by a function and the x-axis
a given function over a given interval

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⇤ These notes are solely for the personal use of students registered in MAT1320. c EJM All rights reserved.
1
 B ASIC A LGEBRAIC S KILLS
Keeping The Big Picture in mind, a lot of the problems you will be considering in this course
will require you to be adept with some basic algebraic tricks and rules. You need to know how
to
⇤ simplify exponents
⇤ add, subtract, multiply, divide, and simplify fractional expressions
⇤ factor or expand algebraic expressions
⇤ solve equations involving polynomials
⇤ solve equations involving exponents or logarithms
⇤ solve equations involving absolute value
⇤ solve inequalities
We’re going to quickly review functions, while highlighting some of the above skills.

F UNCTIONS AND C ONCEPTS

Function: A F UNCTION f is a rule between two sets, called the D OMAIN and the
R ANGE , that assigns to each element x in the domain exactly one element,
called f (x), in the range.
Traditionally:

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Example 1.1. area of circle depends on its radius FN0 ;920J

Graph: The G RAPH of y = f (x) consists of all ordered pairs (coordinates) (x, f (x)) such
that x belongs to the domain of f .

Vertical Actually, any equation in 2 variables can be represented by some curve in the
Line Test: xy-plane, but not every 2-dimensional curve corresponds to the graph of a
function! The graph of a function must pass the Vertical Line Test.

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 S YMMETRY AND P ERIODICITY OF F UNCTIONS

Even If f ( x) = f (x) for every x in the domain of f , then f is called an E VEN function.
Functions:

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Odd If f ( x) = f (x) for every x in the domain of f5 , then f is called an O DD function.
Functions:

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Periodic If there exists a positive constant p such that f (x + p) = f (x) for every x in the
Functions: domain of f , then f is called a P ERIODIC function. The smallest such constant p
is called the period.

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I NCREASING /D ECREASING

Let I be some interval of the real number line. A function y = f (x) is called...

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• I NCREASING on the interval I if PH )H9j"B= b • D ECREASING on the interval I if
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 C ATALOGUE OF I MPORTANT F UNCTIONS : L INEAR F UNCTIONS

Linear P6'

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Example 1.2. What is the slope of the line passing through (4, 1) and ( 3, 1)? Find the
equation of this line.

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A LGEBRAIC S KILL Rationalize the denominator of the slope you found above:

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 C ATALOGUE OF I MPORTANT F UNCTIONS : P OLYNOMIALS
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degree 0: f: ;9i% A 89= ; (Constant Functions)

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degree 1: fa ;9NBS2i% A 89ES2= ; (Linear Functions)

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degree 2: (Quadratic Functions)

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Exercise 1.3. The height h(t) (in metres) of a ball t seconds after it has been thrown up from an
initial height of h0 m above the ground, with an initial velocity of v0 m/s, is given by the
equation

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h(t) = 4.9t2 + v0 t + h0 i%? P"023 `3'0' C0"1,28 <Q <{

If the ball is dropped from an initial height of 49 m, sketch the graph of ball’s height as a
function of time. How many seconds does it take for the ball to reach the ground?
A LGEBRAIC S KILL Solving a nonlinear equation, factoring:

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How long until the ball reaches the ground if the ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity
of 8 m/s, from an initial height of 1.6 m above the ground?

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Exercise 1.4. Find the root(s) of f (x) = x3 + x2 + 54 x + 3.

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hint: (x + 32 ) is a factor; use long division.

A LGEBRAIC S KILL Long division of Polynomials:

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 C ATALOGUE OF I MPORTANT F UNCTIONS : R ATIONAL F UNCTIONS

Rational / i6 ; 9
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Functions:
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x2 4x + 5
Example 1.5. Find the domain of g(x) = . Does the graph of g have any holes
x2 1
or vertical asymptotes?

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A LGEBRAIC S KILL Solving a nonlinear equation
x2 4x + 5
Find all x-intercepts of g(x) =
x2 1

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C ATALOGUE OF I MPORTANT F UNCTIONS : R OOT F UNCTIONS

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 C ATALOGUE OF I MPORTANT F UNCTIONS : A LGEBRAIC F UNCTIONS
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x + 2 + x2
Example 1.6. Find the domain of g(x) = q "2
3 x2 20"8#

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A LGEBRAIC S KILL Solving nonlinear inequalities

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 A LGEBRAIC S KILL Solving a nonlinear equation
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Example 1.7. Find the point(s) of intersection of f (x) = x and g(x) = x + 6 and sketch their
graphs.
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Example 1.8. Find the domain of f (x) = 1 x2 . `3"2]# ,?#,>' 23' 0%%2
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Example 1.9. What is the domain of G(x) = x2 ? What does its graph look like?

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A BSOLUTE VALUE — A P IECEWISE - DEFINED F UNCTION

Absolute F=#%$52' 4"$5'

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Exercise 1.10. Sketch the graph of g(x) = |x2 5|. For what values of x is g(x) = 1 ?

A LGEBRAIC S KILL Solving an equation involving absolute value

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