Name:…………………………………………………..

Index No………………
P525/1
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
2¾ hours

MWALIMU EXAMINATIONS BUREAU

UACE PRE-MOCK EXAMINATIONS – 2022
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1

2 Hours 45 Minutes

Instructions to Candidates
Answer all questions in section A and six questions in section B.
All questions must be answered in the spaces provided.
The Periodic Table, with relative atomic masses, is supplied.
Mathematical tables (3-figure table) are adequate or non-programmable scientific electronic
calculators may be used.
Illustrate your answers with equations where applicable.
Where necessary, use the following:
Molar gas constant, R = 8.31 𝐽𝐾 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 .
Molar volume of gas at s.t.p is 22.4 litres.
Standard temperature = 273 K
Standard pressure = 101325 Nm-2

For Examiners’ use Only

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 SECTION A (46 MARKS)
Answer all questions from this section

1. (a) Complete the following equations for nuclear reactions.

(i) 27 27
14𝑆𝑖 ⟶ 13𝐴𝑙 +………………………………… (01 mark)
234
(ii) ……………………………………⟶ 90𝑇ℎ + 𝛼 (01 mark)
214 27 4
(iii) 83𝐵𝑖 ⟶ 13𝐴𝑙 +………………+2 2𝐻𝑒 (01 mark)
(b) The half-life of a radioactive substance Z is 85 minutes. Calculate the
(i) decay constant. (1½ marks)
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(ii) percentage of Z that remains after 120 minutes of decay.
(02 marks)
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2. Complete each of the following organic reactions and name the major organic product(s).

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 3. Write equation for the reaction between the following elements and hot aqueous sodium
hydroxide solution.
(a) Aluminium (1½ marks)
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(b) Beryllium (1½ marks)
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(c) Phosphorus (1½ marks)
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4. Name one reagent that can be used to distinguish between each of the following pairs of
compounds and state what would be observed in each case if the reagent is reacted with
the compounds.

Reagent (01 mark)

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Observations (02 marks)
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Reagent (01 mark)

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Observations (02 marks)
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5. (a) Write;
(i) equation for the ionisation of benzoic acid in water. (01 mark)
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 (ii) an expression for the ionisation constant, Ka of benzoic acid.
(01 mark)
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(b) The pH of a 0.1 M solution of benzoic acid is 2.60. Calculate the ionisation constant
of benzoic acid. (03 marks)
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6. (a) Compare the reactivity of the following elements with water.

(i) Fluorine (0½ mark)
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(ii) Chlorine (0½ mark)
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(iii) Iodine (0½ mark)
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(b) Write equation for the reaction between fluorine and:
(i) cold dilute sodium hydroxide solution. (1½ marks)
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(ii) hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. (1½ marks)
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 7. (a) Define the term freezing point constant of a substance. (01 mark)
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(b) A solution containing 1.54 g compound T (𝑻 = 128) in 18 g of camphor freezes at
148.3oC. Calculate the freezing point constant of camphor. (The freezing point of
camphor is 175oC) (3½ marks)
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8. (a) 50cm3 of a vapourised alcohol Q, 𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛+1 𝑂𝐻 diffused through a small hole in
119.85 seconds. Under the same conditions, the same volume of hydrogen diffused
through the hole in 21.85 seconds.
(i) Calculate the molecular mass of Q. (1½ marks)
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 (ii) Determine the molecular formula of Q. (01 mark)

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(b) (i) Write the structural formulae and IUPAC names of all the possible isomers of Q.
(02 marks)
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(ii) Q reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide and iodine solution to give a yellow
precipitate. Identify Q. (0½ mark)

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9. Below are some bond energies for selected bonds.

Bond 𝐻−𝐻 𝐶−𝐻 𝐶=𝐶 𝐶−𝐶
−1 436 412 615 348
Bond energy (kJ mo𝑙 )

(a) Define the term bond energy. (01 mark)

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(b) Use the values in the table to calculate the enthalpy change for the following
reaction.
𝐶2 𝐻4 (𝑔) + 𝐻2 (𝑔) ⟶ 𝐶2 𝐻6 (𝑔) (03 marks)
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SECTION B (54 MARKS)

Answer any six questions from this section.
10. State what would be observed and write equations for reactions which would occur
when;
(a) dilute hydrochloric acid is added sodium thiosulphate solution.
(02 marks)
Observation
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Equation
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(b) concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to manganese(IV) oxide and the mixture
heated. (2½ marks)
Observation
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Equation
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(c) a mixture of potassium manganate(VII) and oxalic acid is heated in the presence of
dilute sulphuric acid. (03 marks)
Observation
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Equation
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 (d) water is added to tin(IV) chloride. (1½ marks)
Observation
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Equation
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11. Write a mechanism to show how each of the following conversions can be effected.
(a) Butan-2-ol to but-2-ene. (03 marks)
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(b) Propene to propan-2-ol. (03 marks)
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(c) Ethene to 2-chloroethanol. (03 marks)
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 12. (a) Draw the structures and name the shapes of the following molecules/ions.
(06 marks)
Molecule/ion Structure Shape
−
NO3

𝑆𝑖𝐹4

SO2−
3

(C𝐻3 )3 𝑁

(b) Briefly explain why the following molecule/ion adopt the structure drawn in (a)
above.
(i) SO2−3 (1½ marks)
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(ii) 𝑆𝑖𝐹4 (1½ marks)

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 13. Write equations to show the following compounds can be synthesized. Indicate the
condition(s) for the reaction(s).
(a) Ethanal from 1,2-dichloroethane (03 marks)
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(b) Ethanoic acid from iodomethane (03 marks)

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(c) Ethylethanoate from bromoethane. (03 marks)

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14. (a) State what is meant by the term melting point. (01 mark)
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(b) The table below shows the melting temperatures of some of the Period 3 elements of
Periodic Table.
Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Melting temperatures (K) 371 923 933 1680 317 392 172
Explain why;
(i) the melting point of magnesium is higher than that of sodium.
(1½ marks)

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(ii) silicon has a very high melting point. (01 marks)
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(iii) the melting point of sulphur is higher than that of phosphorus.
(1½ marks)
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(c) Write equation for the reaction between;
(i) heated magnesium and steam. (01 mark)
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(ii) chlorine and warm concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. (1½ marks)
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(iii) sulphur and hot concentrated nitric acid. (1½ marks)

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15. An organic compound R, contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. On complete
combustion, 0.463g of R gave 1.1g of carbon dioxide and 0.563g of water.
(a) Determine the empirical formula of R. (03 marks)
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 ………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) When vapourised, 0.1g of R occupies 54.5 cm3 at 208℃ and 98.3kPa. Determine
the molecular formula of R. (2½ marks)
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(c) R reacts with sodium metal with evolution of a gas. Write the structural formula
of all the possible isomers of R. (02 marks)
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(d) R reacts with a mixture of anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric
acid to give a cloudy solution in about ten minutes.
(i) Identify R. (0½ mark)
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(ii) Show how R can be synthesized from but−2 −ene. (01 mark)
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 16. (a) State what is meant by the term lattice energy. (01 mark)
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(b) Thermochemical data for some processes are shown in the table below.
Process Energy (kJ mo𝒍−𝟏 )
Atomization of calcium +178
First ionisation energy +590
Second ionisation energy +1146
Formation of calcium fluoride −1220
Electron affinity of fluorine −328
Bond dissociation energy of fluorine +243

(i) Use the values above to construct a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of
calcium fluoride. (03 marks)
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(ii) Calculate the lattice energy of calcium fluoride. (02 marks)

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(iii) Determine the enthalpy of solution of calcium fluoride. (Enthalpies of
hydration of calcium ions and fluoride ions are −1587 and −515 kJ mo𝑙 −1
respectively) (1½ marks)
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 (c) (i) State the effect of temperature on the solubility of calcium fluoride.
(01 mark)
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(ii) Give a reason for your answer. (0½ mark)

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17. In the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the contact process, sulphur dioxide is
catalytically oxidised to sulphur trioxide according to the following equation.
𝜃
2𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) ⇌ 2𝑆𝑂3 (𝑔); ∆𝐻298𝐾 = −197𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
The sulphur trioxide is then absorbed in a substance T.
(a) Name two major sources of sulphur dioxide in the contact process.
(01 mark)
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(b) State the industrial conditions used to obtain maximum yield of sulphur trioxide.
(1½ marks)
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(c) (i) Identify T. (0½ mark)
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(ii) Write equation to show what happens when sulphur trioxide is absorbed in T.
(1½ marks)
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(d) State the conditions and write equation for the reaction between carbon and
sulphuric acid. (2½ marks)
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 (e) Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacture of calcium dihydrogenphosphate from
calcium phosphate.
(i) Write equation for the reaction leading to the formation of calcium
dihydrogenphosphate. (01 mark)
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(ii) State one use of calcium dihydrogenphosphate. (01 mark)
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End

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