GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

Human factors that cause ill health, accidents and disasters.

Concepts

Ill health: being sick or having a medical condition that makes you unwell.

Accidents: misfortunes or unplanned bad things that happens to a person.

Crisis: an emergency situation that causes distress.

Disasters: tragedies or events that cause devastation.

1. Psychological factors
 Negative attitude
 Low self-esteem
 Psychosomatic illness

2. Social factors
 Violence (Gender based violence)
 Environmental hazards (Pollution)

3. Religious factors
 Refusal of decal help because of a specific religion
 Refer to page 191

4. Cultural factors
 Wife inheritance
 Genital mutilation
 Culture of silence
GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

Lifestyle diseases

Concepts

Lifestyle: the way in which one chooses to live their lives.

Disease: a condition that deteriorates the normal functioning of the cells, tissues,
and

organs.

Lifestyle disease: an illness that is linked to the way people live.

Examples of lifestyle diseases

1. Cancers: a range of diseases in which abnormal cells increase and spread

out of control.
 Prostate cancer
 Cervical cancer
 Lung cancer

2. Hypertension: an illness where the blood pressure in your arteries is

constantly high.
 Cardiovascular diseases (heart disease, stroke)
 Circulatory system disease

3. Tuberculosis: a disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. It

is spread through airborne infectious droplets.
 People living with HIV are at a much greater risk of developing TB
4. Sexually transmitted infections
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhoea
 Herpes

Interventions to counteract lifestyle diseases

 Promote testing for HIV and STIs

 Educate people about healthy lifestyle
GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

 Raise taxes on tobacco

 Banning alcohol advertising
 Educate people about the importance of early detection, regular screening
and regular visits to the clinic.

Benefits of long term exercise

 Keeps the body healthy and strong

 Helps to keep your mind alert
 Helps to make friends and feel part of a group
 It helps you feel good about yourself

Refer to page 206

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LABOUR LAWS

The contract of employment is the foundation of the relationship between an

employee and his employer. The contract links the employer and the employee in an
employment relationship.
The contract must include the following information:
Appointment Leave policy
Commencement Signature of the employer
Duties Signature of the employee
Place of work Date
Hours of work, lunch breaks, tea time, etc.

Investigate and report on the core elements of job contract.

In your text books refer to pages 232 – 234

worker rights and obligations.

 Not to be unfairly dismissed or discriminated against.

 To be provided with appropriate resources and equipment.
 To have safe working conditions.
 To receive the agreed remuneration on the agreed date and time.
 To receive fair labour practices.
 To be treated with dignity and respect.

Elaborate on the conditions of service.

 GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

Condition of Services means the terms and conditions set out forth herein relating
to the works requested by the Tenant to be procured by the Authority.

For Employees: Service conditions may encompass a wide range of aspects

related to employment, including: Duration of Employment: Temporary,
permanent, contract-based, etc. Working Hours: Standard working hours,
overtime provisions, breaks, etc. Compensation: Salary, bonuses, and other
allowances.

How does the job contract provide protection to the employer/employees?

An employment contract provides protection for both parties; it ensures that the
employer and employee understand their rights and responsibilities in the
workplace

Labour laws:
Identify, define and discuss the following

 Labour Relations Act (LRA)

 Employment Equity Act (EEA)
 Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA)

How do the labour laws provide protection to the employer/employees

Labour Relations Act Employment Equity Act Basic Conditions of Employment

(LRA) (EEA) Act
The Labour Relations The Employment Equity The Act applies to all employees and
Act (LRA) is the Act thatAct is to achieve equity in employers except members of the
aims to promote the workplace by promoting National Defence Force, National
economic development, equal opportunity and fair Intelligence Agency, South African
social justice, labour treatment in employment Secret Service and unpaid volunteers
peace and democracy through the elimination of working for an organisation with a
in the workplace. unfair discrimination; and charitable purpose.
implementing affirmative
The Labour Relations action measures to redress It regulates leave, working hours,
employment contracts, deductions,
Act applies to all the disadvantages.
pay slips, and termination.
employers, workers,
trade unions and The EEA applies to all
employers’ employers and workers and
protects workers and job
organisations, but does
seekers from unfair
not apply to members of
discrimination, and also
the: • National Defence
provides a framework for
 GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

Force; implementing affirmative

• National Intelligence action.
Agency; or
• South African Secret The aim of the EEA of 1998
Service. is to redress fundamental
labour market inequities
and to minimise
discrimination on the basis
of demographic profile
(race, gender) as well as
disability and HIV status.

Equity and redress

Elaborate on the principles of equity and redress
Equity involves identifying and addressing barriers to access and opportunities, and
ensuring that everyone has the possibility to reach their full potential. Redress, on
the other hand, refers to the act of correcting or compensating for a wrong or unfair
situation.
Recruitment process: general trends and practices
 Create meaningful job descriptions.
 Advertise postings in the right places.
 Screen resumes thoroughly.
 Schedule, host and evaluate interviews.
 Run various tests and assessments.
 Select and hire your ideal candidate.

Discuss the functions of trade unions and organised labour

The typical activities of trade unions include providing assistance and services to
their members, collectively bargaining for better pay and conditions for all workers,
working to improve the quality of public services, political campaigning and industrial
action.

TRADE UNIONS AND ORGANISED LABOUR

A Trade (Labour) Union is an organisation whose membership consists
of workers and union leaders, united to protect and promote their
common interests.
The principal purposes of a labour union are to:
 Negotiate wages and working condition terms, Regulate relations
between workers (its members) and the employer.
GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

 Take collective action to enforce the terms of collective

bargaining,
 Raise new demands on behalf of its members, and Help settle
their grievances.
 A trade union may be a company union that represents interests
of only one company and may not have any connection with other
unions.
 Trade unions do not have to register with the Department of
Labour, but they are advised to do so.
 Registration affects the rights of unions. If unions wish to be
registered, their constitutions have to meet
 Registration affects the rights of unions. If unions wish to be
registered, their constitutions have to meet certain requirements,
including:
 Provision in the constitution for a ballot of members before a strike
or lock-out is called; and no provision in the constitution that
discriminates on the grounds of race or sex.

Work ethics
• Work ethics and societal expectations
Honesty and Integrity: Society expects companies and organizations to practice
honesty and integrity in their work ethics. This includes being truthful in their
marketing and advertising, maintaining transparency in their financial dealings, and
providing accurate information about their products or services.
 The value of work: How work gives meaning to life
Moreover, it reflects findings that work is an important source of meaning in life
through different ways, including the ability to accomplish valued goals, promote
supportive social relationships and contribute to broad organizational aims.
GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

STUDY SKILLS

Study skills are an important aspect of your academic success in grade 12. Various
strategies can assist you in your upcoming preliminary and final matric exams.

 Evaluate and revise your current study methods -. so that you can be able to
assess if the way your study works for you or you can still improve it for better
outcomes. How do you know that what you are doing works ? these are
important questions to be asked so that you can develop effective study
programme for your exams.
 Study time – this is necessary so that you can be able to allocate time for
specific subjects and identify your time wasters and be able to factor in
subject difficulty. Some Subjects need more time than others.
 Time management – Manage your time effectively and prioritise academics
and align your
 self toward what is more important.
 Practicing past papers- Mock exams can be highly effective because it gives
you an opportunity to apply what have studied and gives you an opportunity to
identify the gaps in your learning assisting you to develop where you are
struggling.
 Summaries – Make notes so that you can pick up your challenges
 Light exercise – engage in light exercise like jogging to also assist you in
dealing with anxiety , Keep the heart rate healthy and enable to have a better
concentration
 Nutrition – eat plenty of healthy foods and hydrate – Avoid heavy meals
before exams , Rather eat a heavy meal after your paper because a heavy
meal can also make you drowsy
 Self motivation – Keep on being positive towards yourself and affirm yourself.
GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

B) Physical Education

Fitness components :
 Cardiovascular) Endurance
More officially known as Cardiorespiratory Endurance, this component of
fitness is about how well you can do high intensity exercise. Its the type of
activity which causes you to breathe a lot and get hot under the skin. Your
heart pumps furiously and your lungs fill and empty quickly. We’re talking
about running, pedaling a bike up a hill, doing an aerobics class, and other
such vigorous intensity exercise.
 Muscular Strength
The second component of fitness is about how strong your muscles are.
Muscular strength is not about how long or how fast you can go. Instead, it is
about how much weight you can lift, push, or pull. We have several different
muscle groups, and there are many different types of strength exercises. The
exercises which work multiple muscle groups at the same time are best for
strength training
 Muscular Endurance
The third component of fitness is Muscle Endurance, or how long your
muscles can strain for. How far you can walk or run. How long you can hold
your shopping bag in one hand. The laps can backstroke in the pool. Like the
muscle strength measure, this muscular endurance component can be a
challenge to define.
 Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability for your limbs and torso to be able to bend through a
wide range of motion at the joints. Flexible joints are those not held back by
stiff muscles and connective tissue, poor cartilage and joint fluid, and pain.
 Body Composition
Body Composition. Simply and crudely put, it is the amount of fat you have,
relative to muscle, bone and other body tissues. Body composition is not the
same as body weight, since a fit, muscular person may weigh the same as an
unfit person of the same height.

C) CAREERS
GRADE 12 TERM 3&4 NOTES

 Identify a career you would like to do and identify the requirements

 Volunteer as well to develop your CV
 Develop a good understanding of the career holistically so that you can make
an informed decision about what career you want
 Identify employment opportunities
 Developing a CV- A CV should have basic information about your self that
includes your academic background , experiences ,Skills and references
 Have a lot of mock interviews so that you can get a fill of different interviews
 Be aware of the latest trends in recruitment
 Keep developing networks and keep volunteering to enhance your work
experience