Sri BVV Sangha’s

Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous),

Bagalkot-587103
Department of Mechanical Engineering
BE Project Phase-II Report (2020-21)
Subject Code:UME802P

Project Title
AUTOMATIC STERILIZATION FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Project Team Members

Name Roll Div. USN Signature of

No the Candidate
Amarnath Siddaraddi 06 A 2BA17ME006
Basavaraj Karigar 13 A 2BA17ME015
Chetan Kurabet 15 A 2BA17ME018
Chetankumar 17 A 2BA17ME021

Dr. S. M. Jigajinni Prof. S.C. Yali Dr. M. S. Hebbal

Project Coordinator Head of Department
Project Guide
 Automatic Sterilization for Public Transport

SL NO CONTENTS PAGE

1. Abstract 03
2. Introduction 04
3. Literature survey 05
4. Objectives 07
5. Methodology 08
6. Expected outcomes 19
7. Applications 19
8. References 20

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CHAPTER 1

ABSTRACT

Covid-19 has slowed down the earth. The Lifestyle of People and
Economy of World has drastically changed. Now, when conduct of Humans is
slowly coming over track, the necessity of sanitization and sterilization
becomes an important factor to break the chain of Novel Corona Virus
spreading. In the Gradually recovering economy and lifestyle, Public Transport
plays an important role.

The orthodox way of Sterilization like spraying disinfectant chemicals on

seats and Handles will affect the passenger sitting on it. The harmful
chemicals used may protect from Covid-19 Infection but in other way the
affects for passengers like Skin infections will be a major issue.

The sanitization is also not done daily, it is done on weekly basis. In this
scenario, Ultraviolet Sanitation becomes a best alternate option for
Sterilization. Our Project is aimed to bring the UV Light Sterilization for
KSRTC Public Transport. The Autonomous Arduino Based Remotely
controlled UV Light Sterilizer Mounted Vehicle will disinfect the KSRTC bus
within minutes.

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CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION

Covid-19, the highly contagious virus that caused the COVID-19 global
pandemic, is believed to be spread primarily through the droplet and contact
transmission. The recent study has found that remnants of Covid-19 were found
to live on surfaces for over 4 to 5 hours. The aim of the present working to
contribute in the fight against the spread of Covid-19, a novel Corona virus in
public transport, hospitals and any enclosed areas.

In this study we have adopted the physical disinfection method by using UVC
light as agent. The UVC Devices are studied and classified according their
disinfectant units, Complementary devices, motilities, and order types. Our
finding shows that an Arduino controlled robot is the most efficient device to
inactivate Microorganisms, so we have developed a robot which is equipped
with UVC lights, where a disinfection method that uses ultraviolet light in the
range of 280nm-100nm (UVC) to inactivate pathogens. Excitations at these
wavelengths can be absorbed by genetic material, introducing mutations that
can ultimately inactivate the organisms.

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CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY

As mentioned in the Introduction, Novel Corona Virus spreads through

contact transmission. In the Public Transport, Orthodox Sanitization methods
are not efficient and it is not done on a daily basis. Adding to this, disinfectant
chemicals spraying also cause Skin infections for passengers travelling in it.
The human involved in Sanitization is also at risk. These above-mentioned
things are observed in May Depot of Public Transport, Using UV Light as an
agent sterilizes without contact with human and doesn’t cause the skin
infections for passengers and staff [1].

A study conducted by Hiroshima university researchers found that using

ultra violet C light with a wavelength of 220-260nm which is safer to use around
humans effectively kills SARS-CoV-2 the first research in the world to prove its
efficacy against the virus that causes the COVID-19 [2]. In the laboratory study
from Kowalski shows that ultraviolet light has been demonstrated to be capable
of destroying viruses, bacteria. It can also decontaminate surface that is
contaminated by the SARS-Cov-2.

In vitro experiment by the researchers showed that 99.7 per cent of SARS-
CoV-2 viral culture was killed after a 30 second exposure to 222nm UVC
irradiation [3]. Testes were using UVC lights. A solution containing the virus
was spread on to a plate. The researchers allowed it to dry before placing the
UVC lights.

The paper published by Leo louis explores the working principle and
applications of an Arduino board [4]. This also explores on how it can be used
asa tool for study and research works. Main advantages are fast processing and
easy interface.

According to the research conducted at Texas Biomedical Research Institute,

The UVC Light at the spectrum of 200-315 nm will disinfect the Entire enclosed
area within 8 feet [5]. The Research paper publish by Texas Biomedical
Research Institute (TIBR) states that the technology is proven safe and effective
to disinfect the SARS-Cov-2 Virus from the Metal and non-metallic Surfaces.

The Similar ideas of Disinfection is carried out in the many hospitals across the
world and the Airports in India have slowly started adopt the UV Disinfection
Technology.

The article by GMS hygiene and infection control, the UV dose value needed
to inactivate corona virus is 10600µW-sec/𝑐𝑚2 [6].

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On visiting to the KSRTC Bus Depot in Bagalkot, we learnt about the exact
dimensions to be taken for fabricating the UV Sterilizer which will be
controlled by Autonomous Arduino-Bluetooth Interface.

Fig 1 KSRTC Bus layout

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CHAPTER 4

OBJECTIVES

The present method of cleaning or sanitization in public transports for covid-19

prevention and control is with detergents and chemical disinfectants.

This type of sanitization method needs additional precautions like wearing of

gloves, masks and contact precautions. With the current outbreak of covid-19,
there is going to be a higher need for new technologies to disinfect new areas.

Without a reliable source that continuously disinfects areas, outbreaks such as

covid-19 will be a continuous issue.

Our goal is to design an autonomous robot which will disinfect transportation

vehicles using UV light. We will also ensure that this robot is safe to use around
people.

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CHAPTER 5

METHODOLOGY

COMPONENTS

1. Wheels
2. DC Motor
3. Mechanical covered chassis
4. Battery
5. UVC lights
6. Arduino-Bluetooth Module Interface

1. Wheels

Wheel is used to transfer system from one place to another by rotary motion of it.
Specifications of wheels are as follows:

Radius – 10 cm

Wheel material – Polycarbonate Plastic

Fig.2 Wheels

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2. DC MOTOR

DC Motor is used to rotate the wheel which is used to move the system from one
place to another. Following are the specification of DC Motor:

100 RPM DC Motor Voltage – 12v

Fig 3. DC Motor

3. MECHANICAL CHASSIS

It is the unit where remaining parts of the system are fitted. To withstand in
heavy weight parts, it is made up of Cast Iron.

Fig 4. Mechanical Chassis

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4. BATTERY

Battery is of 12V and used to supply current to all the Four Dc Motors which
rotate the wheel. And an external power supply for UV Lights is also integrated.

Fig 5. 12v Battery

5. UVC LIGHTS

UVC lights are used to disinfect the surfaces. The germicidal range of UV is
within the 100nm- 280nm wavelengths, with the peak wavelength of germicidal
activity being 265nm. The power consumed is 8/16 Watts.

Fig 6. UVC light

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1. Arduino-Bluetooth Module Interface:

The Arduino-Bluetooth Module Interface is used to control the movements of the

Wheels with the help of Mobile App. The Interface has Arduino UNO R3 board
and HC-05 Bluetooth module connections.

Fig 7. Arduino-Bluetooth Module Interface

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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
1. Design

The Automatic Sterilization for Public transportation, assembly and stimulation

is made in CATIA V5 Software.

A. Front View

B. Top view

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C. Side View

D. Isometric View

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2. WORKING

It is divided into two parts:

i. The Wheel Movements are controlled by the DC motors Connected to the

Arduino Uno R3 Board with Motor Driver; the connection is shown below:

The DC motors and Arduino Uno R3 Board are powered by the 12v battery
and overall connection is shown below:

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Code for Arduino Bluetooth [7]

char t;
void setup() {
pinMode(13,OUTPUT); //left motors
forward pinMode(12,OUTPUT); //left motors
reverse pinMode(11,OUTPUT); //right motors
forward pinMode(10,OUTPUT); //right motors
reverse pinMode(9,OUTPUT); //Led
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
if(Serial.available()){
t = Serial.read();
Serial.println(t);
}
if(t == 'F'){ //move forward(all motors rotate in forward
direction)
digitalWrite(13,HIG
H);
digitalWrite(11,HIG
H);
}
else if(t == 'B'){ //move reverse (all motors rotate in reverse
direction)
digitalWrite(12,HIG
H);
digitalWrite(10,HIG
H);
}
else if(t == 'L'){ //turn right (left side motors rotate in forward
direction, right side motors doesn't rotate)
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
}
else if(t == 'R'){ //turn left (right side motors rotate in forward
direction, left side motors doesn't rotate)
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
}
else if(t == 'W'){ //turn led on or
off) digitalWrite(9,HIGH);
}
else if(t == 'w'){
digitalWrite(9,LOW
);
}

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else if(t == 'S'){ //STOP (all motors
stop) digitalWrite(13,LOW);
digitalWrite(12,
LOW);
digitalWrite(11,
LOW);
digitalWrite(10,
LOW);
}
delay(100);
}

ii. The UV lights are mounted on top of the robot, the system of lamps can
cover the required area. The power supply of the device is done with direct
voltage of 12V.

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Calculation

Brightness = Luminosity(W) / Area(cm²)

Brightness (or) Intensity = 20 x 2 (W) / 4 π × (120) ² (cm²)

= 40/180955.758 = 2.2108 × 10−4 W/cm² = 221.048 μW/cm²

UV dose (μW sec /cm²) = UV Intensity (μW/cm²) / Exposure Time (Seconds)

The value of UV Dose needed to make SARS-Cov-2 Virus is 10600 μW/cm² (Laboratory Experiment)

Time = UV dose / UV Intensity = 10600 (μW sec /cm²) / 221.048 μW/cm²

= 47.58 sec ≈ 48 sec

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CHAPTER 6

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

UV sterilization is the newest infection prevention trend, and one that

appears to be of increasing importance. The UV disinfection is the most
advanced weapon available in the market today. The machine is able to
reposition itself in different corner of area, effectively clearing it of micro-
organisms. It uses UVC light to effectively kill micro-organisms such as
viruses, bacteria and spores and also the new corona virus.

Our results suggest that this technology could be used for infection
prevention and control against covid-19, not only in unoccupied spaces but also
occupied spaces. And further evaluation of the safety and efficacy of 222nm
UVC irradiation in reducing the contamination of real world surfaces and the
transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is needed.

ADVANTAGES

1. Environmentally friendly.
2. Low initial capital cost.
3. Immediate treatment process.
4. It prevents the Human’s exposure to harmful chemicals.
5. Reduces the labor cost.

DISADVANTAGES
1. Over Exposure of UV-Light is harmful for the Human Skin which may cause
the Skin Infections.

APPLICATIONS

1. UV lights can be used in hospitals, school & offices …etc. for sterilization
2. We can disinfect PPE kits and other cloths.
3. UV lights can be used to disinfect products in industries.

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CHAPTER 7

REFERENCES

1. “Surface Disinfection by exposure to UV light” by G. Katara, Indian Journal of

Medical Microbiology 26(3):241-2
2. “UVC Disinfection for SARS-Cov-2” published by Department of Infectious
Diseases, Hiroshima University [11/09/2020].
3. “Effectiveness of 222-nm ultraviolet light on disinfecting SARS-CoV-2
surface contamination” published by American Journal of Infection Control 49 (2021)

4. “Working principle of Arduino and using it as a tool for study and research” by Leo louis,
International Journal of Control, Automation, Communication and Systems (IJCACS)
5. “The UVC Light at the spectrum of 200-315 nm” paper by Texas biomedical research
institute, USA
6. “Ultraviolet irradiation doses for coronavirus inactivation” paper by GMS
hygiene and infection control.
7. Code for Arduino-Bluetooth Module Interface is taken from
“https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/samanfern/bluetooth- controlled-car-
d5d9ca”.

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