Worksheet 1(solution)

Section-A

Multiple choice question:

1. Identify the law which is stated as: “For any solution, the partial vapour pressure of each
volatile component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.”

(a)Henry’s law (b) Raoult’s law (c)Dalton’s law (d) Gay-Lussac's Law

2. How much ethyl alcohol must be added to 1 litre of water so that the solution will freeze at–
14°C ? (Kf for water = 1.86˚C/mol)

(a) 7.5 mol (b)8.5 mol (c)9.5 mol (d)10.5 mol

3. Water retention or puffiness due to high salt intake occurs due to:

(a)diffusion (b)vapour pressure difference (c) osmosis (d)reverse osmosis

4. When 1 mole of benzene is mixed with 1 mole of toluene The vapour will contain: (Given:
vapour of benzene = 12.8kPa and vapour pressure of toluene = 3.85 kPa).

a) equal amount of benzene and toluene as it forms an ideal solution

b) unequal amount of benzene and toluene as it forms a non ideal solution

c) higher percentage of benzene

d) higher percentage of toluene

5. Which of the following condition is not satisfied by an ideal solution?

(a) ΔHmixing = 0
(b) ΔVmixing = 0
(c) Raoult’s Law is obeyed
(d) Formation of an azeotropic mixture

Assertion (A) and Reason (R) based questions

Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c)A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

6.Assertion(A): Molarity of a solution changes with temperature.

Reason (R): Molarity is a colligative property.

7.Assertion (A): Cryoscopic constant depends on nature of solvent.

Reason (R ): Cryoscopic constant is a universal constant.

8.Assertion: Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold waters rather than in warm waters.
Reason: Different gases have different KH values at the same temperature

9.Assertion: Nitric acid and water form maximum boiling azeotrope.

Reason: Azeotropes are binary mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour
phase.

10. Assertion: If a liquid solute more volatile than the solvent is added to the solvent, the
vapour pressure of the solution may increase i.e., ps > p˚.

Reason: In the presence of a more volatile liquid solute, only the solute will form the vapours
and solvent will not.

Passage-based/Case-based Questions

Read the given passages and answer the questions that follow.

The spontaneous flow of the solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent
to a solution or from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution is called osmosis. The
phenomenon of osmosis can be demonstrated by taking two eggs of the same size. In an egg,
the membrane below the shell and around the egg material is semipermeable. The outer hard
shell can be removed by putting the egg in dilute hydrochloric acid. After removing the hard
shell, one egg is placed in distilled water and the other in a saturated salt solution. After some
time, the egg placed in distilled water swells-up while the egg placed in salt solution shrinks.
The external pressure applied to stop the osmosis is termed as osmotic pressure (a Colligative
property). Reverse osmosis takes place when the applied external pressure becomes larger than
the osmotic pressure.

1. What do you expect to happen when red blood corpuscles (RBC’s) are placed in 0.5% NaCl
solution?
2. Which one of the following will have higher osmotic pressure in 1 M KCl or 1 M urea
solution?
3. Name one SPM which can be used in the process of reverse osmosis.
4. What are isotonic solutions?
 Section-B

1.

(b) As seen from the graph, the value of limiting molar conductivity ( λ˚m ) for electrolyte B
cannot be obtained graphically. How can this value be obtained?

2. Will the elevation in boiling point be same if 0.1 mol of Sodium chloride or 0.1 mol of sugar
is dissolved in 1L of water? Explain.

3.Calculate the boiling point of a 1M aqueous solution (density 1.04 g mL-1 ) of Potassium
chloride (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1 , Atomic masses: K=39u, Cl=39.9u) Assume,
Potassium chloride is completely dissociated in solution.

4. Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and mole fraction of
the volatile liquid.

5. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g/mol) which should be dissolved
in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

OR

At 300 K, 36 g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of
4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature,
calculate the concentration of the other solution.

6. Which of the following solutions has higher freezing point? 0.05 M Al2(SO4)3, 0.1 M
K3[Fe(CN)6] Justify.

7. The freezing point of benzene decreases by 2.12 K when 2.5 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH)
is dissolved in 25 g of benzene. If benzoic acid forms a dimer in benzene, calculate the van’t
Hoff factor and the percentage association of benzoic acid. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol-1)

8. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 8.1 g of HBr in 100 g of water, assuming
the acid to be 90 % ionized. [Given: Molar mass Br = 80 g/mol, Kf water = 1.86 K kg / mol]
9. Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in which the mole fraction of water is 0.88.

10. Give reasons for the following:

a. When 2g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 25 g of benzene, the experimentally determined

molar mass is always greater than the true value.

b. Mixture of ethanol and acetone shows positive deviation from Raoult’s Law.

c. The preservation of fruits by adding concentrated sugar solution protects against bacterial
action.

11. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 0.5 g KCl (Molar mass = 74.5 g/mol)
dissolved in 100 g water, assuming KCl to be 92% ionized. Kfof water = 1.86 K kg / mol

12. A glucose solution which boils at 101.04oC at 1 atm. What will be relative lowering of
vapour pressure of an aqueous solution of urea which is equimolal to given glucose solution?
(Given: Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1)

13. The following figure 2, represents variation of (Λm) vs √c for an electrolyte. Here Λm is the
molar conductivity and c is the concentration of the electrolyte.

Figure 2

a) Define molar conductivity

b) Identify the nature of electrolyte on the basis of the above plot. Justify your answer.

c) Determine the value of Λm o for the electrolyte.

d) Show how to calculate the value of A for the electrolyte using the above graph.

14. Answer the following questions:

a. State Henry’s law and explain why are the tanks used by scuba divers filled with air diluted
with helium (11.7% helium, 56.2% nitrogen and 32.1% oxygen)?

b. Assume that argon exerts a partial pressure of 6 bar. Calculate the solubility of argon gas in
water. (Given Henry’s law constant for argon dissolved in water, KH = 40kbar).

15. (a) What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of glucose in water?

(b) Ibrahim collected a 10mL each of fresh water and ocean water. He observed that one sample
labeled “P” froze at 0˚C while the other “Q” at -1.3˚C. Ibrahim forgot which of the two, “P” or
“Q” was ocean water. Help him identify which container contains ocean water, giving
rationalization for your answer.

(c) Calculate Van't Hoff factor for an aqueous solution of K3[Fe(CN)6] if the degree of
dissociation (α) is 0.852. What will be boiling point of this solution if its concentration is 1
molal? (Kb=0.52 K kg/mol)

16. (a) What type of deviation from Roult’s Law is expected when phenol and aniline are mixed
with each other? What change in the net volume of the mixture is expected? Graphically
represent the deviation.

(b) The vapour pressure of pure water at a certain temperature is 23.80 mm Hg. If 1 mole of a
nonvolatile non- electrolytic solute is dissolved in 100g water, Calculate the resultant vapour
pressure of the solution.
 Worksheet on Electrochemistry
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Following reactions occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous sodiumchloride

solution:
Na+(aq) + e-1 ——-> Na(s) E° = – 2.71 V
H (aq) + e ——–> 1/2H2(s)
+ -1
E° = 0.00 V
On the basis of their standard reduction electrode potential (E°) values, whichreaction
is feasible at the cathode and why?
2. Blocks of magnesium are strapped to the steel hubs of ocean-going ships. Why?
3. State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
4. Why does the cell potential of mercury cell remain constant throughout its life?
5. What is the function of salt bridge in electrochemical cell?
6. Write two advantages of fuel cell.
7. Can you store copper sulphate solutions in a zinc pot?
8. How corrosion of iron may be prevented using other metals?
9. Why button cell is used in voltage sensitive devices?
10. Out of Zn and Sn which one protects iron from corrosion better even after cracksand why?
11. Which cell was used in Apollo space programme?
12. CO2 is always present in natural water. Explain its effect on rusting of iron.
 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Two half cell reactions of an electrochemical cell are given below :MnO–
4(aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5e– → Mn2+ (aq) + 4H2O (I), E° = + 1.51 VSn2+ (aq)
→ 4 Sn4+ (aq) + 2e–, E° = + 0.15 V
Construct the redox equation from the two half cell reactions and predict if thisreaction
favours formation of reactants or product shown in the equation
2. Express the relation among the cell constant, the resistance of the solution in thecell and
the conductivity of the solution. How is the conductivity of a solution related to its molar
conductivity?
3. Given that the standard electrode potentials (E°) of metals are :K+/K
= -2.93 V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80 V, Cu2+/Cu = 0.34 V,
Mg2+/Mg = -2.37 V, Cr3+/Cr = -0.74 V, Fe2+/Fe = -0.44 V.
Arrange these metals in increasing order of their reducing power
4. The chemistry of corrosion of iron is essentially an electrochemical phenomenon.Explain
the reactions occurring during the corrosion of iron in the atmosphere
5. Determine the values of equilibrium constant (Kc) and ΔG° for the following
reaction :
Ni(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) → Ni2+ (aq) + 2Ag(s),
E° = 1.05 V
(1F = 96500 C mol-1)
6. A zinc rod is dipped in 0.1 M solution of ZnSO4. The salt is 95% dissociated atthis
dilution at 298 K. Calculate the electrode potential.
[ E°Zn2+ /Zn = – 0.76 V]
7. How many coulombs of electricity are required for the following reduction processes: i)
1mole of Ag+ ii)1 mol of Cu2+ iii) 1 mol of Al3+ iv) 1 mole ofwater to dioxygen.
8. How many grams of bromine can be produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesium
bromide with a current of 3.2A for 50 minutes? (Mg=12; Br=80amu) (Ans:7.96 gm)
9. Write the cell reactions which occurs in lead storage battery when the battery is oncharging
mode.
10. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water.
(ii) Aluminium metal cannot be produced by the electrolysis of aqueous solution of
aluminium salt.
11.(i) Which electrolyte is used in dry cell?
(ii) What type of metals can be used for cathodic protection of iron against rusting?
2 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Conductivity of 2.5 X 10-4 M methanoic acid is 5.25 X 10-5 S cm-1 Calculateits molar
conductivity and degree of dissociation.
Given: A°(H+) = 349.5 S cm2 mol-1 and A°(HCOO– ) = 50.5 S cm2
2. Calculate E°ceI1 and ΔG° for the following reaction at 25 °C:
A2+(aq) + B+(aq) ——–> A5+(aq) + B(s)
Given Kc=1010, 1F=96500 C mol-1
3. Calculate emf of the following cell at 25 °C:
Fe | Fe2+(0.001 M) 11 H+(0.01 M) | H2(g) (1 bar) | Pt(s)
E°(Fe2+|Fe) = -0.44V, E°(H+|H2) = 0.00 V
4. (i) Write two advantages of H2 – O2 fuel cell over ordinary cell.
(ii) Equilibrium constant (Kc) for the given cell reaction is 10. CalculateE°ell.
5. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K:
Fe(s) | Fe2+(0.001 M) 11 H+ (1 M) | H2(g) (1 bar), Pt ($) (Given E°eU = – 0.44V)
6. A copper silver cell is setup the copper ion concentrations in it is 0.01M. The concentration
of silver ion is not known. The cell potential measured 0.422V Determine the
concentration of silver ion in the cell. Given E0Ag+ /Ag = 0.80V and E0Cu2+/Cu =
+0.34V
7. Write the Nernst equation and calculate the e.m.f. of the following cell at 298K: Cu
(s) I Cu2+ + (0.130 M) II Ag+ (1.00 x 10-4 M) I Ag (s)
Given EoCu2+ICu=+0.34 V and EoAg+IAg=+0.80V
8. 5 L of 0.1 M CuSO4 was to be electrolysed using a current strength of 2.0 amperes.
But before electrolysis 10 g of zinc dust was added to the electrolyticcell. For how long
the electrolysis has to be carried out in order to completelydeposit the copper ions from
the solution? (Atomic masses of copper and zincare 63.5 and 65 respectively).
9. The conductivity of 10-3mol /L acetic acid at 250C is 4.1 x 10 -5 S cm-1. Calculate its
degree of dissociation, if λomfor acetic acid at 250C is 390.5 S cm2 mol-1.
10. (i) What is the use of Platinum foil in the hydrogen electrode?
(ii) using the graph, show how molar conductivity changes for strong and weak
electrolyte?
11. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K for the reaction at 298 K,Zn(s)
+ Cu𝟐+ (aq) Zn𝟐+ (aq) + Cu(s)
Given: E Zn2+/Zn= −0.76VE Cu2+/Cu= +0.34V.
o o

12. Calculate 𝚫rG0 for the reaction Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) ⟶Mg2+(aq) + Cu(𝒔) Given:
E0cell = +2.71 V, 1F= 96500 Cmol-1
13. A galvanic cell consists of a metallic zinc plate immersed in 0.1M Zn(NO3)2
solution and metallic plate of lead in 0.02M Pb(NO3)2 solution. Calculate the
 emf of the cell. Write the chemical equation for the electrode reactions and represent
the cell. (Given: Eo Zn2+/Zn= 0.76V andEoPb2+/Pb=1.30 V.
14. (i) Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The limiting molar
conductivity of ‘B’ increases 1.5 times while that of ‘A’ increases 25times. Which of
the two is a strong electrolyte? Justify your answer.
15. i) Write two advantages of Ni-Cd Cell over lead storage cell.
(ii) Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K :
Cr(s) / Cr3+ (0.1M) // Fe2+ (0.01M) / Fe(s)
[Given : E0Cell = + 0.30 V]
 5MARK QUESTIONS

1. The conductivity of 0.20 mol L-1 solution of KC1 is 2.48 X 10-2 S cm-1.Calculate
its molar conductivity and degree of dissociation (a). Givenλ°m(K+) = 73.5 S cm2
mol-1 and λ°m (Cl) = 76.5 S cm2 mol-1.
(b) What type of battery is mercury cell? Why is it more advantageous thandry cell?
2. (a) The conductivity of 0.1 mol L-1 solution of NaCl is 1.06 X 10-2 S cm-1.Calculate
its molar conductivity and degree of dissociation (a).
Given Z°(Na+) = 50.1 S cm2mol-1 and 7°(C1-) = 76.5 S cm2 mol-1.
(b) What is the difference between primary battery and secondary battery? Give one
example of each type.
3. (a) Define the following terms:
(i) Limiting molar conductivity (ii) Fuel cell
(b) Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1 mol L-1 KC1 solution is 100 Ω. If the
resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 mol L-1 KC1 solution is 520 Ω, calculate
the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02mol/ L KC1 solution. The conductivity of
0.1 mol L 1.29 X 10-2 S cm-1
4. (a) Give reason for the following:
(i) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water.
( ii) Aluminium metal can not be produced by the electrolysis of aq solution of Aluminium
salt.
(b) Resistance of a conducting cell filled with 0.1 M KCl solution is 100 ohm. If the
resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 M KCl solution is 520 Ohms.Calculate
the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02 M KCl solution conductivity 0.1 M KCl
solution is 1.29 Sm-1
5. (a) State two advantage of H2-O2 fuel cell over ordinary cell.
(b) Silver is electrodeposited on a metallic vessel of total surface area 900cm 2bypassing
a current of 0.5 amp for two hours. Calculate the thickness of silver deposited [Given
density of Ag=10.5 gm/cm3] Atomic mass = 108 amp, F=96500C mol-1]
6. (i) State the relationship amongst cell constant of a cell, resistance of the solution in the
cell and conductivity of the solution. How is molar conductivity of asolution related to
conductivity of its solution?
(ii) A voltaic cell is set up at 250C with the following half cell;7.
Al I Al3+ (0.001 M) and Ni I Ni2+ (0.50 M)
Calculate the cell voltage. [ E0 Ni2+INi = - 0.25V, E0 Al3+IAl = -1.66V]
8. (i) Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whosePh is 10.
(ii) State Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of Faraday is
required for reduction of 1 mol of Cr2O72- to Cr3+ ?
9. a) Define the following terms
(i) Limiting molar conductivity, (ii) fuel cell
b)Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1molL-1KCl solution is 100 Ω. If the
resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 molL-1KCl solution is 520Ω. Calculate
the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02 molL-1 KCl solution. Theconductivity
of0.1molL-1KClsolution is 1.29 x 10-1Ω-1cm-.
10. (a) State faraday’s first law of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of Faraday’srequired
for the reduction of 1mol of Cu+2 to Cu.
(b) Calculate emf of the following cell at 298K :
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. When electric current is passed through a cell having an electrolyte, the positive ions

move towards the cathode and the negative ions towards the anode. If the cathode is pulled out
of the solution

A) The positive and negative ions will move towards the anode

B) The positive ions will start moving towards the anode, the negative ions willstop
moving

C) The negative ions will continue to move towards the anode and the positiveions will
stop moving

D) The positive and negative ions will start moving randomly

2. If the half-cell reaction A+e−→A−has a large negative reduction potential, itfollows

that

A) A is readily reduced

B) A is readily oxidised

C) A−is readily reduced

D) A−is readily oxidized

3. The specific conductance of a 0.1 N KCl solution at 23oCis 0.012ohm−1cm−1 The

resistance of cell containing the solution at the same temperature was found to be 55 ohm.
The cell constant will be [CBSE PMT 1999, 2000; KCET 2001]

A)0.142cm−1

B) 0.66cm−1

C)0.918cm−1
D) 1.12cm−1

4. When lead storage battery is charged

A) Lead dioxide dissolves

B) Sulphuric acid is regenerated

C) The lead electrode becomes coated with lead sulphate

D) The amount of sulphuric acid decreases

5. The relationship between standard reduction potential of cell and equilibriumconstant is

shown by

A) E0cell=n/0.059 logKc

B)E0cell=0.059/ n logKc

C)E0cell=0.059nlogKc

D) E0cell=logKc/ n

6. At 25°C specific conductivity of a normal solution of KCl is 0.002765 mho. The

resistance of cell is 400 ohms. The cell constant is

A) 0.815

B) 1.016

C) 1.106

D) 2.016

7. Ag+(aq) + e– → Ag(s) E° = + 0.80 V

Fe2+(aq)+ + 2e– → Fe(s) E° = – 0.44 V
What is emf of
Fe(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Fe2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
(a) 1.16 V
(b) 1.24 V
(c) 2.04 V
(d) -1.16 V
 8. Which of the following expression is correct for ‘Ka’ in terms of Λ° and Λ, where‘C’ is
molarity.

9. A new galvanic cell of E0v more than E°V of Daniel cell is connected to Danielcell in
a manner that new cell gives electrons to cathode, what will happen
(a) Ecell will increase
(b) Ecell will decrease
(c) No change will take place
(d) Daniel cell will work as electrolytic cell where Zn will be deposite on zinc rodand
copper will dissolve from copper rod

10. A silver cup is plated with silver by passing 965 coulombs of electricity, theamount
of silver deposited is [EAMCET 1990; MP PET 1994, 97]

A) 9.89 g

B) 107.87 g

C) 1.0787 g

D) 1.002 g
Students are requested to make a project of 15- 20pages as per the sequence given below with
the following sequence of headers:-
1. Cover Page
2. ⁠Index
3. ⁠Acknowledgment
4. ⁠Certificate
5. ⁠Introduction of Topic
6. ⁠Contents/Sub-topics/Research work
7. ⁠Conculsion
8. ⁠Bibliography

Chemistry Project Topics:-

1. Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature on it.
2. Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.
3. Study of common food adulterant in fat oil, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli powder,
powder, and pepper.

Note:- Use your creativity to make your project attractive, The project should be handwritten
(not typed), However the cover page can be made using computerised graphics to make it
attractive.

XII PCM
Roll.no - 1-7 project 1
Roll.No -8- 14 project 2
Roll.no: 15-21 project 3

XII PCB
Roll.no - 1-9project 1
Roll.No -10-18 project 2
Roll.no: 19- 28 project 3