M-nuqshe : Ornated Sh-mayya : Sky, heaven

Shqol : Take
N
Shuqa : Market
Nahra : River
Nakhopta : Chaste, shy
Sipya (m), Spytha (f): Clean, clear, pure CHALDEAN LANGUAGE
Sitwa : Winter
Nasha : Man, person
Smoqa : Red
Nimra : Tiger
Soma : Lent
Nqydha : Thin (2nd edition)
Sy : Go.
Nura : Fire
T
P
Tama : There, over there.
Paghra : Body
Talmydhi : Students, disciples.
Papa : Pope
Parcha : Piece of fabric
Taly : For me. By Mar Sarhad Y. Jammo
Tama : There, over there.
Pera : Fruit
Ta maha : What for? Why?
Ph-hama : Understanding
Tawa : Good.
Plyma : Bent, crooked, distorted
Tawirta : Cow.
Prizla : Steel
Tera, teri : Bird, birds.
Pyla : Elephant
Tora, Tori : Bull, bulls.
Q Tumra, Tumri : Date, dates.
Qalama : Pen Tumrana : The color of dates (brown).
Qalula : Quick, quickly Tura : Mountain.
Qaryra : Cold Tyma : Value.
Qasra : Palace Tyna : Mud.
Q-phyla : Locked
Qraya : Reading U
’Umra : Age.
R
Raba : Big W
Raby : Teacher, professor W (Waw) : And.
Rahme : Mercy ’Wadha : Act.
Rapi : Shelf Waraqa : Paper.
Resha : Head Warda, Wardi : Flower, flowers.
Rizza : Rice Y
Roma : Hill, height Yama : Sea.
Rqadha : Dancing Yarykha : Long.
S Yimma : Mother.
Sanduqa : Box ’Ylana : Tree.
Sapra : Tomorrow Yoma : Day.
Saphori : Traveling Yona : Dove.
Sema : Silver Yulpana : Teaching.
Sepa : Sword
Shamasha : Deacon, servant in the church Z A Chaldean Media Center Publication
Shammama : Loveliest Zamara : Singer, singing.
Zanzyra : Starling (black bird). (All rights reserved)
Shamzyya : Watermelon
Shapyra, Shapyrta : Pretty (m/f) Zawna : Time. San Diego, California
Sh-ghysha : Troubled Zimmorta : Song. 2008
Shimma : Name, noun Zmara : Singing.
Shimsha : Sun Zorna : Flute
Shlama : Peace, hello
32
Appendix_____________________________________________
A Gumla, Gumli : Camel, camels
’Alma : World Gyana : Soul
’Amuqa, ’Amuqta : Deep
Amyra : Prince H
Habbaba : Dearest
B Haluya : Sweet
B (Beth) : In Hammam, Hammami : Bathroom,
Baba : Father bathrooms
Bakhta : Woman, wife Hayyu : Come
Balaya : Calamity Hona : Mind
Barayi : Outside Honana : Mindful, intelligent
Bassyma (m), Bassymta (f) : Delicious or Hubba : Love
Thank You
Batta : Duck I
Behra : Light ’Ilya : High
Bera : Well (of water) J
Betha : House Julli : Clothes
Brata : Daughter, girl Jwyni : Group
Brona : Son, child, boy
Brykha : Blessed K
Buma : Owl Kaka : Tooth
Bushala : Cooked food Kalba : Dog
Byza : Spilled Kaldaya : Chaldean
Karma : Vineyard, orchard
C Kepa : Rock
Chu mindy, chu nasha : Nothing, no man Kha : One
(nobody) Kimma : Mouth
D Kinnara : Harp
D (Dalath) : Of Kirya : Short
Dada : Dear kid Klyla : Crown
Dibba : Bear Koma : Black
Dunyi : World Komta : Black (f)
Dyka : Rooster Kosa : Hair
K-thawa Qad-dysha : Holy Book, Bible.
G
L
Gabbara : Mighty
Leli : Night
Ganawa : Thief
Libba : Heart
Garma : Bone
Lushana : Tongue, language
Garma D-Pyla : Bone of the Elephant
Lyri : Coins
(ivory)
Garoma : Rolling pin M
Gawayi : Inside Malka : King
Gawra : Man, husband Malpana : Teacher
G-dhadha : Thread Mama : Mom
Gebid : Nearby Maraqa : Gravy
Gh-lyqa : Closed Martyma : Valuable
Gubta : Cheese Maya : Water
Guda : Wall M-dhyta : City
31
3- Compose from the following words four meaningful Chaldean Language
combinations. Elementary Course
  
  
 
            The Chaldean Alphabet
   
.     In the Aramaic Chaldean alphabet, there are 22 original
consonants and 7 vowel marks. According to the classic
__________________________ Chaldean grammar, six of the consonants admit modification or
alteration to produce six new consonants. In order to meet the
__________________________ needs of modern Chaldean, other modifications have been
__________________________ introduced for the sake of additional sounds. Here is, first, the
list of the basic 22 consonants:
__________________________ 1- A = Alap '% = % 1
2- B = Beth  =( 2
4- Write down ten Chaldean nouns: five of animals and five of
3- G = Gamal *" = ) 3
things. 4- D = Dalath  + = + 4
5- H = He , = , 5
______ ______ ______ 6- W = Waw -%- = - 6
______ ______ 7- Z = Zayn ./ =  7
______ ______ ______ 8- H = Heth  1 =0 8
______ ______ 9- T = Teth  = 2 9
10- Y = Yodh 4/ = 3 10
11- K = Kap '7 = 5  6  7 11
5- Compose in Chaldean three meaningful combinations of 12- L = Lamadh 9" = 8 12
words or short sentences. 13- M = Mym ;   = :   13
14- N = Nun < = .  <   14
_____________ 15- S = Simkath  "= = = 15
16- ‘ = ‘E ? = > 16
_____________ 17- P = Pe  =  17

_____________ 18- S = Sade +@

 = @ 18
19- Q = Qop A =  19
20- R = Resh B =  20
21- Sh = Shyn .  # = B 21
 #
!"  -% = 
   22- T = Taw 22

30 3
 EXERCISES:
THE DESIGN OF THE CHALDEAN ALPHABET
1- Select from the following vocabulary the correct matching
word and place it on the right line to form a meaningful
combination.

:   D#  /  ? " E   -


.       
 
.______ F .______ 
 
.-, ______ .______ 


._____ - =

2- Fill in the blank with a suitable Chaldean word of your own.

._______8 H= G 
 :
   * J7  
._______   K"    I  
  G
.   D# % /9 _______

._______ #
   " / +  # 

._______ KI  / ,

4 29
This is the list of the 7 vowel marks: LESSON ONE
Zqapa D - +  )  (  % -1 In this first lesson, six consonants are introduced to you
Zlama "  - +  ) (  % -2 together with two vowel marks. The consonants are: Alap, Beth,

1    +  )   (   %

Dalath, Lamadh, Mym, & Resh. The vowels are: the long ‘a’ &
P-thaha - -3 the short ‘e’ (i). The combination of the consonants with the
Zlama kirya  7 " 
/ - +  )  (  % -4
vowel marks will form a few simple words.

Waw rwyhta %  L/-  -%- - -+     -%

  -5 .% % %  % % %  % % % -1
(  ( ( (  ( ( ( -2
Waw ‘y-qta   M  ? -%- -+      -%
.( (
- -6
.I  I  I 
Yodh shlytha     # 4/ - 3+  H  H  3% -7 .+ + +  + + +  + + + -3
.+ + + + + +
1) Long a: aa, ba, ga, da
2) Long e: ae, be, ge, de
4)
5)
Short e (i): i, bi, gi, di
Opened o: ao, bo, go, do
.  +   +   +
3) Short a: a, ba, ga, da 6) Closed o (u): u, bu, gu, du .8 8 8  8 8 8  8 8 8 -4
7) Long y (ee): y, by, gy, dy .I  I  I 
________________________________________________________________ .      :     -5
Homework Exercise: ."  "  " 
  
On the lines provided below, write each of the six modifiable .           -6
  
letters and the additional modifications. .        
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .1 .+ + "  I  *
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .2 ." + I  .   I  .   I 
 
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .3
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .4 VOCABULARY:
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .5 Baba - Father
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .6 D (Dalath) - Of
Dada - Dear kid
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .7
Dibba - Bear
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .8 Libba - Heart
_____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .9 Mama - Mom
Raba - Big
____________ = ____ ____ ____ < ____ .10
28 5
Homework Exercise: LESSON TEN

Below, write twice each Chaldean vocabulary word or phrase of To facilitate memorizing the 22 consonants, they could be
lesson one along with its meaning. joined together in the following groupings:

   WD V=  ."7

   
__________ = __________ __________ .1 #
      1   - ,  KJ % -
 HU
- Abgad, Haw-waz, Hat-ty, Kol-man, Sa‘pas, Qar-shat
__________ = __________ __________ .2

__________ = __________ __________ .3 Here is a list of the six modifiable letters:

__________ = __________ __________ .4 B » W = Waw -%- = ( ( ( ← (
__________ = __________ __________ .5 G » Gh = Ghamal *"    = ) ) ) ← )

__________ = __________ __________ .6 D » Dh = Dhalath   4 = 4 4 4 ← +
__________ = __________ __________ .7 K » Kh = Khap '7  = 7 7 7 ← 7
P » Ph = Phe X = AX AX AX ← A
T » Th = Thaw -  =    ← 
The Additional modifications are:

B » V = Ve  = ( ( ( ← (
G » J = Je  = ) ) ) ← )
T » Th = The Y = 2Y 2Y 2Y ← 2
K » Tch = Tche 7 =  7  7  7 ← 7

6 27
Homework Exercise: LESSON TWO

Combine the following two columns in a meaningful manner. In this lesson, three additional consonants are presented to you
together with three more vowel marks. The three consonants
are: Kap, Nun, & Shyn. The vowels are: the short ‘a’, the
B A opened ‘o’ and the closed ‘o’. The combination of these new
letters and vowels, in addition to those taken in the first lesson,

*I  + I   will enable us to form new Chaldean words.

I I 1    G / K .7 7 7  7 7 7  7 7 7  7 7 7 -7
  7   7    " 7  7
.I   
  G% .I        
                       -8

 ? G91 .  

             
  .  7 - - 7 "
I G   :  "# B B B  B B B  B B B  B B B -9
.#   
 #  #  # # #
 
. #    " # " # "  # " #
 
____________________ ___________________ .1
   "   7 "   7
 -      7  I *
____________________ ___________________ .2
." #  +     " #+  " #  - +   7
     
____________________ ____________________ .3

____________________ ___________________ .4

____________________ ___________________ .5

26 7
 Vocabulary: LESSON NINE

B (Beth) - In Lushana - Tongue, language Letters with different shapes: Three letters in the Chaldean
Brona - Son, child, boy Malka - King alphabet require a different shape if positioned at the end
Buma - Owl Nimra - Tiger
Kaka - Tooth Nura - Fire of the word: Kap, Mym, & Nun (   7 ).
Kalba - Dog Roma - Hill, height The following is the shape of each one at the end of a word:
Karma - Vineyard, Shamasha = Deacon, servant in the
orchard church Disconnected Connected
Kimma - Mouth Shimma - Name, noun (Final Kap) » 6 5 6
Kinnara - Harp Shimsha - Sun
Koma - Black Shlama - Peace, hello (Final Mym) » : :
(Final Nun) » < . <
Examples:

<  .I   :  "# ;/    6 "
 # 6 -  5  /+
* Taw & Alap: The combination of these two characters
results in the following character at the end of a word:
______________________________________________________
Silent Letters: In the case that a letter is written but not
pronounced, a single slash (mbatlana) is written above it to
Homework Exercise: indicate that that letter is silent.
Examples:
   G /9   G% GK1
I G   I   *I  + ]
Fill in the blank by choosing the appropriate word from the
vocabulary list on the left.  
Vocabulary List  - + _________ .1 Syame: This simple sign is placed over the shortest letter or
Resh to indicate a plural.
 7 _________  " .2 Examples:

 7 _I   ^ " # ^ 
"  _________ .3
" # Vocabulary:
    .4

  _________  Gabbara - Mighty
   Kha - One
"#+  " #+ _________ .5 M-dhyta - City
Nasha - Man, person

8 25
Additional Consonants: Four more consonants could be LESSON THREE
produced by the addition of this special mark ( 
), to be
In this lesson, we will proceed with three more consonants
positioned under the letter or above it. The letters which accept from the Chaldean alphabet, and simultaneously exercise with
this kind of modification are: increased vocabulary. The three new consonants are: Gamal,
Taw & Waw.
Beth
Ve = ( (()
Gamal
Je = ) ())  )  )  )   ) ) )  ) ) )  ) ) ) -10
Teth
The = 2Y (2) .        
  
Kap
Che =  7 (7) . -         + 
  
     
 - - -                 -11   
Examples:
 /      D# b .-
9  "+
             -   - 
  G   . -    
.%  7 3K
    7    + %6       -
 --  --  --   - - -  - - -  - - -  - - - -12
Vocabulary:      
Chu mindy, chu nasha - Nothing, no man (nobody) .--  --  -- 
     
Julli - Clothes . 7 -   - - + - +-
   
Jwyni - Group 
M-nuqshe - Ornated   +     
 + -   -  - *
 - - - 
  7  %   
Parcha - Piece
Talmydhi - Students, disciples      -  -
. -- 
______________________________________________________    
Homework Exercise:

Below, write each of the four consonants with one or two

examples of each.
____________ ____________ ← _____ .1
____________ ____________ ← _____ .2
____________ ____________ ← _____ .3
____________ ____________ ← _____ .4

24 9
 Vocabulary: Homework Exercise:

Brata - Daughter, girl Gumla, Gumli - Camel, camels Below, write each Chaldean vocabulary word twice, along with
Brona - Son, boy Komta - Black (f) its meaning, as well as the modifiable letters from numbers one
Garma - Bone Tama - There, over there through six on the exposition page of this lesson.
Garoma - Rolling pin Tawirta - Cow
Gubta - Cheese Tora, Tori - Bull, bulls
Guda - Wall Tumra, Tumri - Date, dates __________ = __________ __________
Warda, Wardi - Flower, flowers __________ = __________ __________
__________ = __________ __________
__________ = __________ __________
__________ = __________ __________
__________ = __________ __________
__________ = __________ __________
Homework Exercise: __________ = __________ __________
Combine the following two columns in a meaningful manner on __________ = __________ __________
the lines below. __________ = __________ __________
__________ = __________ __________
B A
__________ = __________ __________
 --  + - __________ = __________ __________
-  - 
 __________ = __________ __________
 -  - __________ = __________ __________

      __________ = __________ __________
   __________ = __________ __________
 -  - __________ = __________ __________
__________ = __________ __________
____________ __________ .2 ___________ __________ .1

___________ ___________ .4 ___________ __________ .3

___________ __________ .5
10 23
Vocabulary: LESSON FOUR

Bakhta - Woman, wife In this lesson, two more consonants and one vowel are
Betha - House presented to you together with additional vocabulary. The two
Brykha - Blessed consonants are: Yodh & Teth: the vowel is the Silent Yodh.
Ganawa - Thief
Gawra - Man, husband
G-dhadha - Thread  3 3 3  3 3 3  3 3 3  3 3 3 -13
Gh-lyqa - Closed ./ / /  / / /

/        " / " /    /  /
Gyana - Soul
Kirya - Short
K-thawa Qad-dysha - Holy Book, Bible
./ K 7 /    -+
Nakhopta - Chaste, shy   
Nqydha - Thin .3 3 3 -
     
.H    7   %     /%  /+
Paghra - Body
Ph-hama - Understanding
Q-phyla - Locked
Qraya - Reading
Rqadha - Dancing
 2  2  2   2 2 2  2 2 2  2 2 2 -14
.H   
Sanduqa - Box   H  H   
        

.     "   "   H   U 
Saphori - Traveling
Sh-ghysha - Troubled
Sh-mayya - Sky, heaven

Spytha - Clear, clean, pure
Tawa - Good   U    /%  /-
  /+  /+

 "  # *

’Wadha - Act + /  + +  I  - " / "  U   -
       
Yarykha - Long        
Zawna - Time .  -++ /   / K7   % "      / + 
Zmara - Singing

22 11
 Vocabulary: LESSON EIGHT

Amyra - Prince Raby - Teacher, professor The Modifiable Letters: Six letters in the Chaldean alphabet
Balaya - Calamity, catastrophe Taly - For me accept modification, by the addition of a dot or a semi circle
Barayi - Outside Tura - Mountain under the letter, in order to produce six new consonants.
Batta - Duck Tyma - Value We will introduce them one by one.
Dunyi - World Tyna - Mud
Dyka - Rooster W (Waw) - And
Gawayi - Inside Yama - Sea : (The Beth becomes Waw) ( ← ( -1
Kaldaya - Chaldean Yimma - Mother 
. + I  /    7    I   I  
 
Klyla - Crown ’Ylana - Tree 
Lyri - Coins Yoma - Day
Mar Tyma - Valuable Yona - Dove : (The Gamal becomes Ghamal) )   ← ) -2
    
Maya - Water .M   -K  @   J#  -, J  -   

: (The Dalath becomes Dhalath) 4 ← + -3
  -  
." 1 + 9 I ? 9  M 4 9  %9   
: (The Kap becomes Khap) 7  ← 7 -4
.  /  -   / /               
: (The Pe becomes Phe) X ←  -5
        V d  
.  XD -K  @   e 
X  - /  "  =
: (The Taw becomes Thaw)  ←  -6
 
. /K       7     @  "# 
     

12 21
Vocabulary: Homework Exercise:
’Alma - World Below, write each vocabulary word in Chaldean twice along
’Amuqa, ’Amuqta - Deep with its meaning.
Habbaba - Dearest
Haluya - Sweet
Hammam, Hammami - Bathroom, __________ = __________ __________ .1
bathrooms __________ = __________ __________ .2
Hubba - Love
__________ = __________ __________ .3
’Ilya - High
Maraqa - Gravy __________ = __________ __________ .4
Rahme - Mercy __________ = __________ __________ .5
Rizza - Rice
Shammama - Loveliest __________ = __________ __________ .6
Shamzyya - Watermelon __________ = __________ __________ .7
Shapyra, Shapyrta - Pretty (m/f) __________ = __________ __________ .8
’Umra - Age
__________ = __________ __________ .9
______________________________________________________ __________ = __________ __________ .10
__________ = __________ __________ .11
Homework Exercise:
__________ = __________ __________ .12
Match the following two columns by drawing lines to connect __________ = __________ __________ .13
the appropriate word with its meaning. __________ = __________ __________ .14
__________ = __________ __________ .15
B A
__________ = __________ __________ .16

"  ?
LOVE  __________ = __________ __________ .17
__________ = __________ __________ .18
HIGH " " # __________ = __________ __________ .19

LOVELIEST
  #
/f"
__________ = __________ __________ .20
__________ = __________ __________ .21

WORLD  ? __________ = __________ __________ .22

__________ = __________ __________ .23
WATERMELON   1

20 13
 LESSON SEVEN

With the introduction of the last two basic consonants

(Heth & ’E) in this lesson, we will terminate the exposition of
the 22 characters or letters of the Chaldean alphabet.

 0 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0 -21

.H1   
 H1 H1   1  1  1   1 1 1  0 0 0

." " 1  / 
 1  I I 1  " 1   1

     
 > > >  > > >  > > >  > > > -22
.H?   
 H?
 H?  ?  ?  ?   ? ? ?  > > >
   ?
. "
 ? ?   ? " 
 
 1    -
/     ?    " 1 -   1  *
  D# W  -    /f"
 #-   
         
  
I I 1   "  ?         D#
      
 W  W   F7 F7 " ? " ? ""#- 
 
. D D 
 

14 19
 Vocabulary: LESSON FIVE
Behra - Light Sapra - Tomorrow In this lesson, we will add three more consonants and one
Hayyu - Come Shqol - Take vowel to our knowledge of the Chaldean alphabet. The three
Hona - Mind Shuqa - Market
consonants are: Zayn, Pe & Simkath. The vowel is the Long ‘e’,
Honana - Mindful, intelligent Sipya - Clean, clear, pure
Nahra - River Sitwa - Winter
with which we complete the exposition of the seven vowels.
Qalama - Pen
Qalula - Quick, quickly
Smoqa - Red
Soma - Lent
 - - -                 -15
Qaryra - Cold Ta maha - What for? Why? .3 3 3  - - -
Qasra - Palace Waraqa - Paper 
. f  #         /f        -
   
______________________________________________________  A A A  A A A  A A A  A A A -16
.H   
Homework Exercise:  H  H             
Combine the following two columns in a meaningful manner.
."            D   D/ D
.)  8  (  2  A  7   -
  
B A .KI       F F7 # 
 @

W   b b b  b b b  b b b  b b b -17
   
/    -@  .b b b  H=  H=  H=   =  =  =   = = =

 "=
 
 -, .  H=     
  "  E  "  E  F = D = =7
 
    -
    
 - =  +  #    7 /f 
     *
 #  D   /F F   " E      
   / , 
   
  
 
 
"      +   ++   F7   +
D = F  =+       
   =7  /-  
- 
.H  "  E    D  KI  H= 
__________________ _________________ .1

__________________ _________________ .2
  +
__________________ __________________ .3
__________________ _________________ .4
__________________ _________________ .5

18 15
 Vocabulary: LESSON SIX
Bassyma (m), Bassymta (f) - Pyla - Elephant In this lesson, three additional letters are introduced to you.
Delicious or Thank You Rapi - Shelf
They are: He, Qop, & Sade.
Bera - Well (of water) Resha - Head
Bushala = Cooked food Sema - Silver
Byza - Spilled Sepa - Sword  , , ,  , , ,  , , ,  , , ,  , , , -18
Garma D-Pyla - Bone of the Sy - Go
. /,   
Elephant (ivory) Tama - There, over there  /,  /,   -,  -,  -,   -, -, -,
   / , e     -, 
Gebid - Nearby
Kepa - Rock
Tera, teri - Bird, birds
Tumrana - The color of
g e  e   -,
Kosa - Hair
Leli - Night
dates (brown)
Yulpana - Teaching  h h h  h h h  h h h  h h h -19
.H   
Malpana - Teacher Zamara - Singer, singing  H  H     
       h h h
Papa - Pope Zanzyra - Starling (black
. "=   # 8M#   /     - "  
Pera - Fruit bird)       
Plyma - Bent, crooked, distorted Zimmorta - Song
Prizla - Steel Zorna - Flute  @ @ @  @ @ @  @ @ @  @ @ @  @ @ @ -20
.3@ 3@ 3@  -@   
 -@  -@  -@ -@ -@
    
. @  -@ @ W
    *
/ , e  +    /+ e  @  -,
    - 8M#
 "=
 W  "  -   e    
______________________________________________________
          
Homework Exercise: 
. H= 
Fill in the blank by choosing the appropriate word from the
  @ /  - =   -@
vocabulary list on the left.
Vocabulary List .   /F _____________ .1
 F7  
 . _____________ .2
F

 + . + +
 _____________ .3

  . _____________   .4

"   .

 /- _____________ .5
16 17