Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER– IV (New) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2019
Subject Code: 2141906 Date: 12/12/2019
Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Define terms: Viscosity, Specific gravity, Surface tension 03

(b) State and prove pascal’s law with usual notations 04
(c) Explain with neat diagram construction and working of bourdon tube 07
pressure gauge.

Q.2 (a) What is compressibility? Derive an expression for it. 03

(b) Define the terms Total pressure, Centre of pressure, Buoyancy. Centre 04
of , Buoyancy
(c) Show that the distance between the meta-centre and centre of buoyancy 07
𝐈
is given by 𝐁𝐌 = ∀
OR
(c) A solid cylinder of diameter 4 m has a height of 4 m. Find the 07
metacentric height of the cylinder if the specific gravity of the material
of cylinder is 0.7 and it is floating in water with its axis vertical. State
whether the equilibrium stable or unstable.
Q.3 (a) Explain : (i) Steady flow and unsteady flow (ii) Laminar and turbulent 03
flow
(b) The diameter of pipe at section 1 & 2 are 10 cm and 15 cm respectively. 04
The discharge through the pipe if the velocity of water flowing through
the pipe at section 1 is 5 m/s . Determine also the velocity at section 2.

(c) Explain the construction and working of a Venturimeter and also derive 07
an expression for the discharge through it.
OR
Q.3 (a) Discuss stability of submerged and floating bodies 03
(b) Explain the following terms 04
(i) Hydraulic grade line (ii) Total Energy Line
(c) Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss due to friction in pipe 07
flow.
OR
Q.4 (a) Differentiate between streamline and expotential line 03
(b) Explain Flow-net and state the importance of flow net 04
(c) If for two dimensional potential flow , the velocity potential is given by 07
φ = x(2y-1) . determine the velocity component at point (4 , 5
).Determine the value of stream function ψ at point P.

OR
Q.4 (a) Write short note on Say bolt Viscometer. 03
(b) Discuss different types of similarities that must exist between a 04
prototype and its model.

1
 (c) The frictional torque T of a disc of diameter D rotating at a speed N in 07
a fluid of viscosity µ and density ρ in a turbulent flow is given by T
𝜇
= D5N2 ρΦ[ 2 ]
𝐷 𝑁𝜌
Prove this by Buckingham’s π method

Q.5 (a) Prove the velocity of a sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by 03
C =√𝛾𝑅𝑇.
(b) Explain propagation of sound waves for Sub sonic and Sonic flow. 04
(c) Derive an expression for Hagen-Poiseuille’s formula for viscous flow. 07

OR
Q.5 (a) Derive an expression of capillary rise (depression ) between two vertical 03
parallel surfaces.
(b) Derive an expression for discharge over rectangular notch 04
(c) Define Reynold’s stress. Explain Prandtl’s mixing length theory for 07
total shear stress in turbulent flow.

***********

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BE - SEMESTER–IV(NEW) – EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2019
Subject Code:2141906 Date:15/05/2019
Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
MARKS

Q.1 (a) Sketch the velocity distribution and shear stress distribution across a 03
section of the pipe for laminar flow.
(b) Distinguish between: 1. Rotational and Irrotational flow 2. Laminar and 04
Turbulent flow
(c) Explain bellow type pressure gauge. 07

Q.2 (a) Differentiate between (i) absolute and gauge pressure (ii) simple and 03
differential manometer
(b) Explain the following terms: 1. Relative density 2. Kinematic viscosity 3. 04
Cavitation 4. Vapour pressure
(c) Explain geometric similarity, kinematic similarity and dynamic 07
similarity.
OR
(c) Explain pressure diagram for inclined and submerge surface. 07
Q.3 (a) Explain one, two and three dimensional flow. 03
(b) The space between two parallel plates 5 mm apart is filled with crude oil. 04
A force of 2 N is required to dag the upper plate at a constant velocity of
0.8 m/s. the lower plate is stationary. The area of the upper plate is 0.09
m2. Determine (1) the dynamic viscosity and (2) the kinematic viscosity of
the oil in stokes if the specific gravity of the oil is 0.9.
(c) Derive an equation for continuity equation for 3D flow and reduce it for 07
steady, incompressible 2D flow.
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain the term Vorticity. 03
(b) Obtain Darcy-Weisbach formula for head loss due to friction. 04
(c) A solid cylinder 2 m in diameter and 2 m high is floating in water with its 07
axis vertical. If the specific gravity of the material of cylinder is 0.65.
Find its metacentric height. State also whether equilibrium is stable or
unstable.

Q.4 (a) Explain stability of a floating body. 03

(b) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 200 mm and throat 04
diameter 100 mm is used to measure the flow of water. The reading of
the differential manometer connected to the inlet is 180 mm of mercury.
If the co-efficient of discharge is 0.98. Determine the rate of flow.
(c) Deduce the expression of discharge over a rectangular notch. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) What do you understand by frictional resistance offered by pipe? 03
(b) Water flows at the rate of 0.015 m3/s through a 100 mm diameter orifice 04
used in a 200 mm pipe. What is the difference in pressure head between
the upstream section and venacontracta section? Take co-efficient of
contraction Cc=0.6 and Cv=1.

1
 (c) Derive Euler’s equation of motion for flow along a stream line. Obtain 07
Bernoulli’s from it. State assumptions clearly.

Q.5 (a) Compare rectangular and triangular notches. 03

(b) Explain propagation of sound waves for Sub sonic and Sonic flow. 04
(c) The resistance force R of a supersonic plane during flight can be 07
considered as dependent upon the length of the aircraft l, velocity V, air
viscosity µ, air density ρ and bulk modulus of air k. explain the
functional relationship between the variables and the resisting force.

OR
Q.5 (a) State the momentum correction factor and list the momentum correction 03
factor for different flow in pipes.
(b) Explain Reynold’s experiment with neat sketch. 04
(c) Prove that the velocity of sound wave in compressible fluid is given by C 07
= √kρ

*************

2
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–IV (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2018
Subject Code:2141906 Date:01/12/2018
Subject Name:Fluid Mechanics
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define: Specific gravity, Density, Cavitation 03
(b) Explain surface tension and derive its equation for liquid droplet. 04
(c) State and derive Pascal’s law with usual notations. States its applications. 07

Q.2 (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of manometers as pressure 03
measuring instrument?
(b) A body of dimensions 2m x 2m x 1m, weights 1970 N in water. Find its weight 04
in air. Find its mass.
(c) Derive an equation of continuity for three dimensional Cartesian coordinate 07
system.
OR
(c) Derive equation of total pressure and center of pressure for vertical submerged 07
body.
Q.3 (a) Classify fluid flows. 03
(b) A stream function is given by ψ = 5x – 6y. Calculate magnitude and direction 04
of resultant velocity.
(c) Derive the expressions for discharge over a Triangular notch. 07
OR

Q.3 (a) Define path line, stream line and streak line. 03
(b) Derive Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line. 04
(c) A horizontal Venturimeter 20 cm x 10 cm is used to measure the flow rate of 07
oil having specific gravity 0.9. The discharge through the venturi meter is 3600
liters / minute. Find the reading of oil – mercury differential manometer. Take
Cd = 0.98.
Q.4 (a) Define following non dimensional numbers: 03
Reynold’s Number, Weber’s Number, Froude’s Number
(b) List out minor losses for flow through pipe and explain any one in detail. 04
(c) For viscous flow through pipe, derive equation of velocity distribution and 07
prove that ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity for this flow is 2.
OR

Q.4 (a) Explain the phenomenon of water hammer. 03

(b) An aeroplane is flying at an height of 15 km where the temperature is – 50 oC. 04
Speed of the plane is corresponding to M = 2. Assuming k = 1.4 and R = 287
j/kg K, find the speed of the plane.

1
 (c) The pressure difference ΔP in a pipe of diameter D and length L due to turbulent 07
flow depends upon the velocity, density and roughness. Using Buckingham’s π
theorem obtain expression of ΔP.
Q.5 (a) Determine the head lost due to friction in a pipe using Chezy’s formula. 03
Diameter and length of pipe = 300 mm and 50 m Velocity of water flowing in
pipe = 2.5 m/s Chezy’s constant = 60
(b) What are repeating variables? How are they selected for dimensional analysis? 04
(c) 𝑑𝑃 07
Prove the velocity of a sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by C = √𝑑𝜌
.
OR
Q.5 (a) Distinguish between free vortex flow and forced vortex flow. 03
(b) A crude oil of viscosity 0.1Ns/m2 and relative density 0.9 is flowing through a 04
horizontal circular pipe of diameter 60 mm and length 200 m. calculate the
difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe if flow rate through the pipe
is 4 liters/s.
(c) Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss due to friction in pipe flow. 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–IV (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2017
Subject Code: 2141906 Date: 17/11/2017
Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Define terms: Viscosity, Specific gravity, Surface tension 03

(b) Explain the working of bellows pressure gauges with schematic diagram. 04
(c) Prove that the pressure is exerted equally in all direction at any point in a 07
liquid at rest.

Q.2 (a) A rectangular plane surface 2 m wide and 3 m high immerged in water, it 03
diagram.
llllllllll
plan liquid an angle 450 with the free surface of water. The upper edge
is making
of rectangular plate is 1.5 m below the free surface. Calculate the position
of center of pressure.
(b) Determine the metacentric height of a floating vessel if the angle of tilt ϴ 04
caused by moving load P placed over the center of the floating body.
(c) A solid cylinder of diameter 4 meters has a height 3 meters. Find the meta 07
centric height of the cylinder when it is floating in water with its axis
vertical. The specific gravity of the cylinder is 0.6.
OR
(c) Explain pressure diagram for inclined and submerge surface. 07
Q.3 (a) Define the terms: Streamline, Streak line, Uniform flow 03
(b) What is the irrotational velocity field associated with the potential ɸ = 3x2 04
-3x +3y2 +16t2 +12zt. Does the flow field satisfy the incompressible
continuity equation?
(c) Derive an expression for the discharge through a venturimeter and 07
compare it with orifice meter for measurement of flow through pipes.
OR
Q.3 (a) State the momentum correction factor and list the momentum correction 03
factor for different flow in pipes.
(b) Derive an expression for discharge over rectangular notch. 04
(c) A rectangular air duct of 1.5 m2 cross sectional area at section 1 which is 07
gradually reduced to 0.75 m2 area at section 2. The velocity of flow at
section 1 is 12m/s and pressure is 30 kN/m2. If the duct is bent by 450, find
the magnitude and direction of the force required to hold the duct in
position. Take density of air is 1.15 kg/m3.
Q.4 (a) A fluid flow is given by V = 18x3i – 20x2yj. State the flow is rotational or 03
irrotational.
(b) Distinguish between free vortex flow and forced vortex flow. 04
(c) State the dimensional homogeneity. Prove that the following equations are 07
homogeneous equation.
i. Q =AV ii. T = 2π √𝐿/𝑔 iii. V = √2𝑔𝐻

1
 OR
Q.4 (a) Prove the velocity of a sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by 03
C =√𝛾𝑅𝑇.
(b) Calculate the loss of head and power required to maintain the flow in a 04
horizontal circular pipe of 40 mm diameter and 750 m long when water
flow at a rate of 30 liters/minute. Take Darcy’s friction factor is 0.032.
(c) Using Buckingham’s π- theorem, show the efficiency ɳ of a fan depends 07
on density ρ, dynamic viscosity μ of the fluid, angular velocity ω, diameter
D of the rotor and the discharge Q.
Q.5 (a) State the different observations in Reynold experiment for various states 03
of flow.
(b) A shaft of 100 mm diameter rotates at 60 rpm in a 200 mm long bearing. 04
Taking the two surfaces are uniformly separated by a distance of 0.5 mm
and taking linear velocity distribution in the lubricating oil having
dynamic viscosity of 4 centipoises, find the power absorbed in the bearing.
(c) Prove the friction head losses is equal to one third of total head at inlet for 07
maximum power transmission through pipe.
OR
Q.5 (a) Determine the head lost due to friction in a pipe using Chezy’s formula. 03
Diameter and length of pipe = 250 mm and 60 m
Velocity of water flowing in pipe = 2.5 m/s
Chezy’s constant = 60
(b) Explain capillary tube viscometer. 04
(c) Prove that the average velocity is half of the maximum velocity in circular 07
pipe with steady laminar flow.

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–IV (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017
Subject Code: 2141906 Date: 03/06/2017
Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics
Time: 10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS
Q.1 Short Questions 14
1 Fluid which do not follow the linear relationship between shear
stress and rate of deformation are termed as ……..fluids.
(a) Newtonian fluid (b) Non Newtonian fluid (c) dialent (d) ideal

2 The simplest form of manometer which can be used for measuring

moderate pressures of liquid is
(a) Piezometer (b) differential manometer (c) U-tube manometer
(d) none of the above
3 The term……….mean the study of pressure exerted by a fluid at
rest.
(a) hydrostatic (b) fluid mechanics (c) continuum (d) kinetics
4 The motion of the fluid particles may be described by which of the
following methods?
(a) Lagrangian method (b) Eulerian method
(c) neutral equilibrium (d) any of the above
5 The flow in a river during the period of heavy rainfall is
(a) steady, non-uniform and three dimensional (b) steady, uniform,
three dimensional (c) unsteady, uniform, three dimensional (d)
unsteady, non-uniform and three dimensional

6 A…………. is an imaginary line within the flow so that the

tangent at any point on it indicates the velocity at that point.
(a) streak line (b) stream line (c) path line (d) none of the above
7 In fluid mechanics, the continuity equation is a mathematical
statement embodying the principle of
(a) conservation of momentum (b) conservation of mass
(c) conservation of energy (d) none of the above
8 Which of the following equation is known as momentum
principle?
(a) F = d(m2V)/dt (b) F = dV/dt (c) F = d(mV)/dt (d) F = d(mV)/dt2

9 Dynamic similarity between model and prototype is

(a) similarity of motion (b) similarity of lengths
(c) similarity of forces (d) none of the above
10 Mach number is defined as the square root of the ratio of the (a)
inertia force to pressure force (b) inertia force to surface tension
force (c) inertia force to elastic force (d) none of the above

1
 11 Which of the following may be used for measuring the rate of flow
of water in rivers or streams?
(a) Notches (b) Orifices (c) Weir (d) any of these
12 In case of viscous flow through circular pipes,
(a) 𝑢¯ = 2𝑢(𝑚𝑎𝑥) (b) 𝑢¯ = 𝑢(𝑚𝑎𝑥) ⁄2
(c) 𝑢¯ = 3⁄2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑚𝑎𝑥) (d) none of the above
13 In turbulent flow, which of the following gives the exact velocity
distribution
(a) Logarithmic distribution (b) Blasius equation
(c) power law with index varying (d) Prandtl’s one-seventh power

14 The region outside the Mach cone is called

(a) zone of action (b) zone of silence (c) control volume (d) none
of the above
Q.2 (a) Differentiate between (i) absolute and gauge pressure (ii) simple 03
and differential manometer (iii) piezometer and pressure gauge
(b) Prove the compressibility is reciprocal of bulk modulus. Also 04
derive relation between bulk modulus and pressure for a gas for
isothermal and adiabatic process.
(c) Two large plane surfaces are 2.4 cm apart. The space between the 07
surfaces is filled with glycerin. What force is required to drag a
very thin plate of surface area 0.5 m2 between two large plane
surfaces at a speed of 0.6 m/s, if
(i) The thin plate is in the middle of the two plane surfaces
and,
(ii) The thin plate is at a distance of 0.8 cm from one of the
plane surface.
Take the dynamic viscosity of glycerin= 8.10 x 10-1 Ns/m2
OR
(c) Find out the differential reading “h” of an inverted U-tube 07
manometer containing oil of sp.gr. 0.7 as the manometric fluid,
when connected across pipes A and B as shown in figure.1,
conveying liquid of sp.gr.1.2 and 1.0 and immiscible with
manometer fluid. Pipes A and B are located at the same level and
assume the pressure at A and B to be equal.

Figure.1
Q.3 (a) Define different types of fluid flow. 03
(b) A rectangular gate that is 2 m wide is located in the vertical wall of 04
a tank containing water as shown in figure.2. It is desired to have

2
 the gate open automatically when the depth of water above the top
of the gate reaches 10 m. (a) At what distance “d” should the
frictionless horizontal shaft be located? (b) What is the magnitude
of the force on the gate when it opens?

Figure. 2
(c) Define metacenter and metacentric height. Derive expression to 07
find metacentric height using analytical method for floating body.
OR
Q.3 (a) Describe stability condition of floating bodies. 03
(b) The velocity components in a two- dimensional flow are u = y3/3 + 04
2x –x2y and v = xy2 -2y – x3/3. Show that these functions represent
a possible case of an irrotational flow.
(c) Define total pressure and centre of pressure. Derive expression of 07
total pressure force and center of pressure for vertical plane surface
remains submerged in liquid.
Q.4 (a) What do you understand by stream function, velocity potential 03
function and flownet. Give the relation between stream function
and velocity potential function.
(b) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat 04
diameter 10 cm is used to measure the flow of water. The pressure
at inlet is 17.658 N/cm2 and the vacuum pressure at throat is 30 cm
of mercury. Find the discharge of water through venturimeter.
Take Cd = 0.98.
(c) Derive the expression for the loss of head due to friction in pipes. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Derive expression for discharge over a rectangular notch or weir. 03
(b) Prove the velocity of sound wave in compressible fluid is given by 04
C = √𝜌𝑘 where k = bulk modulus of fluid and ρ = density of fluid.
(c) 200 liters/s of water is flowing in a pipe having a diameter of 250 07
mm through which the water is flowing having pressure 38 N/cm2.
If the pipe is bent by 125o (that is change from initial to final
direction 125o). Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant
force on the bend.
Q.5 (a) Derive the expression for rate of flow through venturimeter. 03
(b) A syphon of diameter 200 mm connects two reservoirs having a 04
difference in elevation of 20 m. The length of the syphon is 500 m
and the summit is 3.0 m above the water level in the upper
reservoir. The length of the pipe from upper reservoir to the
summit is 110 m. Determine the discharge through the syphon and
also pressure at the summit. Neglect minor losses. The co-efficient
of friction f= 0.005
(c) Using Buckingham’s π- theorem show that the velocity through a 07
circular orifice is given by,

3
 𝐷 𝜇
𝑉 = √2𝑔𝐻 ∅[ , ]
𝐻 𝜌𝑉𝐻
Where H is head causing flow, D is the diameter of the orifice, µ is
the coefficient of viscosity, ρ is mass density and g is the
acceleration due to gravity.
OR
Q.5 (a) Calculate (i) the pressure gradient along flow (ii) the average 03
velocity and (iii) the discharge for an oil of viscosity 0.02 Ns/m2
flowing between two stationary parallel plates 1 m wide
maintained 10 mm apart. The velocity midway between the plates
is 2 m/s.
(b) The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.25 m3/s. 04
The diameter of the pipe which is 200 mm is suddenly enlarged to
400 mm. The pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is 11.772
N/cm2. Determine (i) loss of head due to sudden enlargement (ii)
pressure intensity in large pipe.
(c) Derive an expression for the velocity distribution for viscous flow 07
through a circular pipe. Also sketch the velocity distribution and
shear stress distribution across a section of the pipe.

*************

4
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BE - SEMESTER–IV(New) • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2016
Subject Code:2141906 Date:21/11/2016
Subject Name:Fluid Mechanics
Time: 02:30 PM to 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS
Q.1 Short Questions 14
1 Fluid is a substance which offers no resistance to change of
a) Pressure
b) Flow
c) Shape
d) Volume
2 In static fluid
a) Resistance to shear stress is small
b) Fluid pressure is zero
c) Linear deformation is small
d) Only normal stresses can exist
3 Property of fluid by which its own molecules are attracted is called
a) Adhesion
b) Cohesion
c) Viscosity
d) Surface tension
4 Mercury does not wet glass. This is due to property of liquid
known as
a) Adhesion
b) Cohesion
c) Viscosity
d) Surface tension
5 A balloon lifting in sir follows the following principle
a) Law of gravitation
b) Archimedes principle
c) Principle of buoyancy
d) All of the above
6 The increase of temperature results in
a) Decrease in viscosity of gas
b) Increase in viscosity of liquid
c) Decrease in viscosity of liquid
d) None of above
7 Alcohol is used in manometer because
a) It has low vapour pressure
b) It is clearly visible
c) It has low surface tension
d) It can provide longer column due to low density.

1
 8 The resultant upward pressure of a fluid on a floating body is equal
to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This definition is
according to
a) Buoyancy
b) Equilibrium of a floating body
c) Archimedes principle
d) Bernoulli’s equation
9 Poise is the unit of
a) Surface tension
b) Capillarity
c) Viscosity
d) Shear stress in fluids
10 The unit of dynamic or absolute viscosity is
a) m2/s
b) kg s/m
c) N-s/m
d) N-s2/m
11 The horizontal component of buoyant force is
a) Negligible
b) Same as buoyant force
c) Zero
d) None of the above
12 During opening of a valve in a pipe line, the flow is
a) Steady
b) Unsteady
c) Uniform
d) Laminar
13 Pitot tube is used to measure
a) Pressure
b) Flow
c) Velocity
d) Discharge
14 For pipes, turbulent flow occurs when Reynolds number is
a) Less than 2000
b) Between 2000 and 4000
c) More than 4000
d) Less than 4000
Q.2 (a) State advantages and limitation of manometer 03
(b) State Newton’s law of viscosity and give an example. 04
(c) Explain with neat diagram construction and working of bourdon 07
tube pressure gauge.
OR
(c) Explain with neat diagram construction and working of bellow and 07
diaphragm pressure gauge.
Q.3 (a) Explain Archimedes Principle. 03
(b) Explain total pressure and center of pressure. 04
(c) Derive an expression for calculating time period of oscillation of 07
floating body.
OR
Q.3 (a) Define gauge pressure, absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure. 03
(b) Write the practical significance of metacentric height. 04
(c) Explain different types of fluid flows. 07

2
Q.4 (a) Define path line, stream line and streak line. 03
(b) Explain Eulerian frame of reference. 04
(c) Derive an equation for continuity equation for 3D flow and reduce 07
it for steady, incompressible 2D flow.
OR
Q.4 (a) Define dimensional analysis with an example. 03
(b) Explain different types of hydraulic models. 04
(c) Define vortex flow. Derive an expression of stream function and 07
velocity potential function for vortex flow.
Q.5 (a) What do you understand by frictional resistance offered by pipe? 03
(b) Derive Bernoulli’s equation for adiabatic process in compressible 04
fluid flow.
(c) Derive Hagen - Poiseullie equation stating the assumption made. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Define compressible and incompressible. 03
(b) Derive an equation for loss of head loss to sudden enlargement 04
(c) Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss due to friction in 07
pipe flow.

*************

3
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–IV(New) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2016

Subject Code:2141906 Date:10/06/2016

Subject Name:Fluid Mechanics
Time:10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 Choose the correct answer: 14

1 Kinematic viscosity is defined as
(a) dynamic viscosity × density (b) dynamic viscosity / density
(c) dynamic viscosity × pressure (d) pressure × density
2 Newton’s law of viscosity states that
(a) shear stress is directly proportional to the velocity
(b) shear stress is directly proportional to the velocity gradient
(c) shear stress is directly proportional to shear strain
(d) shear stress is directly proportional to the viscosity
3 Fluid static deals with
(a) viscous and pressure forces (b) viscous and gravity forces
(c) gravity and pressure forces (d) surface tension and gravity forces
4 For a submerged curved surface, the vertical component of the hydrostatic
force is
(a) mass of the liquid supported by the curved surface
(b) weight of the liquid supported by the curved surface
(c) the force on the projected area of the curved surface on vertical plane
(d) none of the above
5 An orifice is known as large orifice when the head of liquid from the centre of
orifice is
(a) more than 10 times the depth of orifice
(b) less than 10 times the depth of orifice
(c) less than 5 times the depth of orifice
(d) none of the above
6 Hydraulic gradient line (H.G.L.) represents the sum of
(a) pressure head and kinetic head (b) Kinetic head and datum head
(c) pressure head, kinetic head and datum head
(d) pressure head and datum head
7 Froude’s number is defined as the square root of the ratio of
(a) inertia force to viscous force (b) inertia force to gravity force
(c) inertia force to elastic force (d) inertia force to pressure force
8 For a sub-merged body, if the centre of buoyancy is below the centre of
gravity, the equilibrium is called
(a) stable (b) unstable (c) neutral (d) none of the above
9 Pitot-tube is used to measure
(a) discharge (b) temperature (c) velocity at a point (d) pressure at a point
10 The flow is said to be supersonic if
(a) M = 1 (b) M < 1 (c) M >1 (d) none of above

1
 11 Models are known as undistorted model if
(a) the prototype and model are having different scale ratios
(b) the prototype and model are having same scale ratio
(c) model and prototype are kinematically similar
(d) none of the above
12 An ideal fluid is one which
(a) is compressible (b) has no viscosity
(c) is elastic and viscous (d) is non-viscous and incompressible
13 The region outside mach cone is called
(a) control volume (b) zone of action (c) zone of silence (d) none of above
14 The value of bulk modulus of elasticity ……………. with increase of
pressure.
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) either of the above (d) none of above

Q.2 (a) Define: Stream line, Streak line and Path line. 03
(b) State and prove Pascal’s law with usual notations. 04
(c) A circular plate 1.5 m diameter is submerged in water, with its greatest and 07
least depths below the surface being 2 m and 0.75 m respectively. Determine:
(i) Total pressure on one of the face of the plate
(ii) The position of centre of pressure.
OR
(c) Derive expressions for total pressure and centre of pressure for vertically 07
immersed surface.
Q.3 (a) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 150 mm and throat diameter 03
75 mm is used to measure discharge. The differential manometer gives
reading of 150 mm of mercury. Determine the rate of flow if C d is 0.98.
(b) Derive Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line. 04
(c) The stream function of a two dimensional flow is given by ψ = 2xy + 25. 07
Calculate the velocity at the point (1, 2). Also find the velocity potential
function Ø.
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain the term Vorticity. 03
(b) Deduce the expression of discharge over a rectangular notch. 04
(c) Derive continuity equation in three dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. 07
Q.4 (a) Explain the procedure for selection of repeated variables in dimensional 03
analysis.
(b) Obtain Bernoulli’s equation for compressible flow considering adiabatic 04
process.
(c) A solid cylinder 2 m in diameter and 2 m high is floating in water with its 07
axis vertical. If the specific gravity of the material of cylinder is 0.65 find its
metacentric height. State whether the equilibrium is stable or unstable.
OR
Q.4 (a) A projectile is travelling in air having pressure 8.83 N/Cm2 and temperature 03
-20C. If the mach angle is 400, find the velocity of projectile. Take k = 1.4 and
R = 287 J/kgK
(b) Explain stability of a floating body. 04
(c) The resistance R to the motion of completely submerged body depends on 07
length of body, velocity of flow, mass density and kinematic viscosity. Find
the relation between R and other variables using suitable method.

2
Q.5 (a) Find the expression of velocity of sound in terms of Bulk Modulus. 03
(b) Explain propagation of sound waves for Sub sonic and Sonic flow. 04
(c) Derive an expression for Hagen-Poiseuille’s formula for viscous flow. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) In a pipe of 200 mm diameter water is flowing, there is a shear stress of 0.12 03
kN/m2 at a point distant 30 mm from the pipe axis. If the coefficient of
friction between the pipe and fluid is 0.04, calculate the shear stress at the
pipe wall.
(b) Obtain Darcy-Weisbach formula for head loss due to friction. 04
(c) An oil of specific gravity 0.9 and viscosity 0.06 poise is flowing through a 07
pipe of diameter 200 mm at the rate of 60 liters/s. Find the head lost due to
friction for a 500 mm length of pipe. Also find the power required to maintain
the flow. Take f = 0.079/(Re)1/4

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3
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER– IV(NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2015

Subject Code:2141906 Date:08/06/2015

Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics
Time: 10:30am-1.00pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Explain the following terms: 07

1. Relative density
2. Kinematic viscosity
3. Cavitation
4. Vapour pressure
5. Continuum
6. Compressibility
7. Capillary effect
(b) Calculate the shear stress developed in oil of viscosity 1.2 poise, used for lubricating 07
the clearance between a shaft of diameter 12 cm and its journal bearing. The shaft
rotates at 180 rpm and clearance is 1.4 mm.

Q.2 (a) State and prove pascal’s law with usual notations. 07
Find the depth of point below sea water surface where the pressure intensity is
404.8 kN/m2. The specific gravity of sea water is 1.03.
(b) Derive the Hagen – Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in the circular pipe. 07
OR
(b) Derive the expressions for discharge over (i) Rectangular notch and (ii) Triangular 07
notch.

Q.3 (a) Derive expressions for total pressure and centre of pressure for vertically immersed 07
surface.
(b) A pipe AB branches into two pipes BC and BD. The pipe has diameter of 30 cm at 07
A, 20 cm at B, 15 cm at C and 10 cm at D. Determine the discharge at A if flow
velocity at A is 2.5 m/s. Also find the velocity at B and D, if the velocity at C is 4.2
m/s.
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain clearly: stream line; path line and streak line. 07
(b) Show that the distance between the meta-centre and centre of buoyancy is given by 07

Q.4 (a) Explain the conditions of stability for a submerged and floating body with neat 07
diagrams.
(b) A rectangular pontoon 8 m long, 6 m wide and 2 m deep, floats in sea water (sp. 07
weight = 10000 N/m3). It carries an empty boiler on its upper dock of 4 m diameter.
The weight of pontoon and boiler are 600 kN and 200 kN respectively. The center
of gravity of each unit coincides with geometric centre of the arrangement and lie
on same vertical line. Find the metacentric height of arrangement and check the
stability.
OR
1
Q.4 (a) Distinguish clearly between: 07
1. Rotational and Irrotational flow
2. Laminar and Turbulent flow

(b) A 300 mm X 150 mm venturimeter is placed vertically with throat 250 mm above 07
the inlet section conveys kerosene of density 820 kg/m3. The flow rate is 140
litre/sec. calculate the pressure difference between inlet and throat section. Take Cd
= 0.97.

Q.5 (a) Derive an expression for the loss of head due to friction in pipes. 07
(b) Prove that the velocity of sound wave in compressible fluid is given by C = √kρ 07

OR
Q.5 (a) What are repeating variables? How are they selected for dimensional analysis? 05
(b) The frictional torque T of a disc of diameter D rotating at a speed N in a fluid of 09
viscosity µ and density ρin a turbulent flow is given by,

Prove this by Buckingham’s π method.

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