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    TEREGU

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    TEREGU

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    2 views7 pages

    TEREGU

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    George

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    of 7

    TEREGU-NUSAF

    PROGRAMME

    BOREHOLE SITE INVESTIGATIONS AT TEREGU,


    KATHILE, KAABONG DISTRICT

    HYDROGEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT

    AUGUST 2007.

    Prepared By:
    GEOPLAN LTD

    Table of Contents

    1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1

    2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION………..


    …………………………………………………..1

    2.1 Hydrogeology......................................................................................... 1
    2.2 Methodology of the Geophysical survey................................................1
    2.3 Site selection………..
    …………………………………………………………………………2

    3.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................2

    Annex 1- Survey summary sheets for Teregu Borehole site

    Hydrogeological Investigation Report August 2007 2


    1.0 INTRODUCTION

    At the request of Awany- NUSAF Programme, a hydrogeological


    investigation has been carried out by GEOPLAN Ltd. at Teregu, Kathile
    S/Cty, Kaabong District
    The objective of the study was to determine a suitable location for the
    drilling of a hand-pump borehole, to supply water to the community under
    NUSAF Programme.

    To assess the groundwater potential of the area, all available


    hydrogeological data, including the topographical map, existing reports,
    geological map and borehole data have been analyzed. The investigations
    considered all aspects relevant to groundwater availability, distribution and
    sustainability. These were supplemented by geophysical investigations at
    selected sites. A desk study and subsequent fieldwork were carried out.
    Sites for borehole drilling have been recommended after a thorough analysis
    and interpretation of all the data.

    In chapter 2 some of the general information with regard to survey


    methodology and the hydrogeology of the area typical for the site are given,
    as well some information on the existing boreholes in the area. In chapter 3
    the results of the survey are summarized and recommendations are given
    with regard to the drilling at the site.
    Details of the survey are given in the survey summary sheets listed in annex 1 plus sketches of
    the location of these sites.

    2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

    2.1 Hydrogeology

    Groundwater in the information encountered in the investigated area


    generally occurs in the weathered rock, or overburden (regolith), and in the
    fractured rock. The weathered rock may have a good transmissivity and
    storage abilities to provide some yield; generally, however the better aquifer
    are found in the contact zone between the overburden and the fresh rock.
    This zone is mechanically disintegrated with less secondary clay minerals
    resulting in a higher transmissivity. Ultimately the highest yielding aquifer
    in this area is expected in the fractured bedrock. Boreholes are usually
    drilled into the fractured bedrock where permeability is rather high and
    where the storage can be provided by the overburden. Large and deep,
    fractured aquifers may be recharge through connected system of fractured
    zones. The recharge of the shallow aquifers, found in the overburden or in
    the fractured bedrock generally depended on the size of the catchment area
    and the Lithology character of the overburden.

    2.2 Methodology of the Geophysical Surveys

    Hydrogeological Investigation Report August 2007 2


    The geophysical surveys were focused on areas indicated to be favorable by
    the client, as well as areas with good groundwater potential in terms of
    topography and geological features.
    The geophysical survey was done by means of the resistivity measurements
    in the form of the profiles and vertical electrical soundings using the
    Terrameter. The resistivity profile was run with ½ AB distances of 80m and
    a station interval of 10m. The aim of the survey with the resistivity profiles is
    to map anomalies in resistively values caused by the presence of fractured
    zone, and or deeper weathering profile that maybe favorable for
    groundwater abstractions. The anomalous measurements were expected
    near the anticipate lineaments; which were mapped. For this reason the
    profiles were to be run across the lineament features. Vertical electrical
    soundings were subsequently to be carried out on the promising sites of the
    profile. The soundings were carried to get an insight in the differences in
    depth and type of the overburden. It should be stressed that in the absence
    of the well log data of borehole drilled on sounding sites the interpretations
    of the depths of the layers should be considered more qualitatively than
    quantitatively. Electrical line profiling was deserted since there was no significant change in
    the resistivity values obtained. And fractured system could not be detected with any accuracy.
    Faillance (1973)

    2.3 Site selection

    Sites were selected based on geophysical survey results, topography, nature


    of the anomaly, pre-bedrock resistivity and calibration results. Other
    aspects considered included accessibility to the site, sanitation around the
    site and client’s considerations

    3.0 GENERAL CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

     Based on the investigations, the studies indicate that the groundwater


    potential in the area is low but however it is possible to obtain yields
    that can sustain hand pump.
     Groundwater is expected in the fractured zones.
     Site may be inaccessible during the rainy seasons.
     The Geology expected is similar to what has been found during desk study. This consists
    of black cotton soils and is underlain by Basement Complex rocks characterised by
    undifferentiated gneiss and granite. In some areas there are quartz horizons.

    It is thus recommended that:

    (a) Drilling should be carried out at the location where VES-4 (Site) was
    done.

    (b) About 30m of casing pipes will be required for borehole construction.

    (c) Drilling should be as deep as possible to penetrate the aquifer fully,


    and in any case not less than 100. Drilling will be stopped once
    enough water has been obtained. All the water available in the

    Hydrogeological Investigation Report August 2007 2


    weathered zone should be tapped through screening the borehole to
    maximize the yield.

    ANNEX 1 – SURVEY SUMMARY SHEETS


    TEREGU

    Hydrogeological Investigation Report August 2007 2


    SURVEY AREA TEREGU

    DISTRICT KAABONG SUB-COUNTY KATHILE

    MAP SHEET 10/3


    VES-4 is located in Teregu situated in Kathile Parish,
    DESCRIPTION OF Kathile sub-county, at distance of about 1.4 km from
    THE LOCATION The road leading to Kalapala

    TOPOGRAPHY Teregu is located on a gentle slope. VES – 4 is near a


    river.
    According to the geological map, the area consists of
    GEOLOGY reddish brown soils and is underlain by Basement Complex rocks
    characterised by undifferentiated gneiss and granite.

    HYDROGEOLOGY The area is characterized by the presence of seasonal


    streams, which dries up during dry seasons. The main
    water supply options are shallow wells, streams, rain
    water, and deep boreholes
    No fractures are indicated on the geological map of the
    STRUCTURAL area of interest. In the neighborhood of the school N-S
    FEATURES trending valley is found. This valley seems to be
    structurally controlled as can be seen by their strike
    direction.
    The geophysical surveys was focused on detecting the
    GEOPHYSICS center of the inferred fractured zone coinciding with
    mapped lineament by means of resistivity profiling
    perpendicular to the lineament. The profile was done
    using a ½ AB distance of 58m, and ½ MN distances of
    5m, and station interval of 10m.
    VES-1 Curve generally has high resistivity at shallow
    SOUNDINGS depth, possibly due to laterites. Low
    groundwater potential, site is not
    recommended for drilling.
    VES-2 Curve generally has high resistivity and PBR
    values. Less saturation bedrock is expected.
    Low groundwater potential, site not
    recommended for drilling.
    VES-3 Curve generally has low resistivity at shallow
    depth, possibly due to clay and low PBR
    values. Saturation zone is expected between
    30 and 60m. Low groundwater potential, site
    is not recommended for drilling.

    Hydrogeological Investigation Report August 2007 2


    VES-4 Curve generally has low resistivity at shallow
    depth, possibly due to clay and low PBR
    values. Saturation zone is expected between
    78 and 90m. Medium groundwater potential,
    site is recommended for drilling.

    EDB: Expected depth to bedrock (m), PBR: Pre-bedrock resistivity (ohm),


    RDD: Recommended drilling depth (m),

    Hydrogeological Investigation Report August 2007 2

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