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Simpson 1/3 Method

To find the root of a polynomial using Simpson 1/3 method

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vbiswal19
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18 views7 pages

Simpson 1/3 Method

To find the root of a polynomial using Simpson 1/3 method

Uploaded by

vbiswal19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIM: To integrate a function using Simpson’s 1/3 rule.

THEORY:

Simpson’s rule is one of the numerical methods which is used to evaluate the definite integral.
Usually, to find the definite integral

Let us consider Pn(x) be a interpolating polynomial. I n be the approximate value of integration


and EIn be the error term.
n n n
( X− Xi)
¿=∑ F ( xi ) Li ( x )=∑ F ( xi) ∏ ¿ ¿ ¿)
Pn(x i=1 i=1 k=0
k≠
¿
i

Here F(x) is any function between a and b

And n is equally spaced interval


Xn

We need to find out ∫ F ( x ) dx


X0

Xi=X0+ih

X1=X0+h

X2=X0+2h
Xn

……. Xn = X0 + n ∫ F ( x ) dx=∫ Pn ( x ) dx
X0

Here we need to add a error term


Xn

∫ [ Pn ( x ) dx+¿ En ( x ) ] dx ¿
X0

Since EIn is very very small as compared to In , so I≈In


Xn

Take In=∫ Pn ( x ) dx
X0

Xn n
Now we will solve this ∫ Pn ( x ) dx=∫∑ (F ( xi ) ¿ Li ( x ))dx ¿
X0 i=1

∑ ¿¿
i=1
n
Take ¥=∫ Li (x )¿ dx ¿ ∑∫¿¿¿
i=1

X=X0+sh

Li(x)=sh

X-X1=X-X0-h

=h(s-1)

X-X2=h(s-2)

Similarly, X-Xn=h(s-n)

Li(x)= (s)h(s-1)h(s-2)h………(s-i+1)h(s-i-1)h…….(s-n)h / (i)h(i-1)h…….(1)h(-1)h……(i-n)h

Li(x)= (s)(s-1)(s-2)h………(s-i+1)(s-i-1)…….(s-n) / (i)(i-1)…….(1)(-1)……(i-n)

Li(x)= (s)(s-1)(s-2)h………(s-i+1)(s-i-1)…….(s-n) /(-1)^n-1 i!(n-1)!

Now,

1) TRAPEZOIDAL RULE
1
I =∑ f ( Xi)¥ i
0

I = F(X0)¥0+F(X1)¥1

From the above equation of ¥ we can find ¥0 and ¥1

Hence ¥0=h/2 and ¥1=h/2

I = h/2[F(x0)+F(x1)]

2) SIMPSON 1/3 RULE

We will use same above equation and repeat the process as in trapezoidal method,

In , for n =2

I2 = F(x0)¥0+F(X1)¥1+F(X2)¥2

From above ¥ equation


2 ( s−1 )( s−2 )
¥0 =∫ hds ¿
2
0
¿
¥0=h/3
2 s ( s−2 )
¥1=∫ −1 hds ¿
0
¿

=4h/3
2 s ( s−1 )
¥2 =∫ hds ¿
2
0
¿

=h/3

h
Is1/3 = [f(X0)+4F(X1)+F(X2)]
3

PROGRAM:

#include<iostream>

#include<math.h>

/* Define function here */

#define f(x) 1/(1+pow(x,1))

using namespace std;

int main()

float lower, upper, integration=0.0, stepSize, k;

int i, subInterval;

/* Input */

cout<<"Enter lower limit of integration: ";

cin>>lower;

cout<<"Enter upper limit of integration: ";

cin>>upper;

cout<<"Enter number of sub intervals: ";


cin>>subInterval;

/* Calculation */

/* Finding step size */

stepSize = (upper - lower)/subInterval;

/* Finding Integration Value */

integration = f(lower) + f(upper);

for(i=1; i<= subInterval-1; i++)

k = lower + i*stepSize;

if(i%2==0)

integration = integration + 2 * (f(k));

else {

integration = integration + 4 * (f(k));

integration = integration * stepSize/3;

cout<< endl <<"Required value of integration is: "<< integration;

return 0;

Output:

Enter lower limit of integration: 1

Enter upper limit of integration: 5


Enter number of sub intervals: 10

Required value of integration is: 1.09866

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