Principal of Communication

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. A digital signal –
(1) is less reliable than analog signal
(2) is more reliable than analog signal
(3) is equally reliable as the analog signal
(4) none of the above

2. Modern communication systems use :

(1) analog circuits (2) digital circuits
(2) combination of analog and digital circuits (4) none of the above

3. The audio signal -

(1) can be sent directly over the air for large distance
(2) cannot be sent directly over the air for large distance
(3) possess very high frequency
(4) none of the above

4. The process of changing some characteristic of a carrier wave in accordance with the intensity of the
signal is called -
(1) amplification (2) rectification (3) modulation (4) none of these

5. If a carrier wave of 1000 kHz is used to carry the signal, the length of transmitting antenna will be equal
to -
(1) 3 m (2) 30 m (3) 300 m (4) 3000 m

6. The types of modulation which are possible, are

(1) one only (2) two only (3) three only (4) none of these

7. In amplitude modulation -
(1) only the amplitude is changed but frequency remains same
(2) both the amplitude and frequency change equally
(3) both the amplitude and frequency change unequally
(4) none the these

8. Modulation factor determines -

(1) only the strength of the transmitted signal (2) only the quality of the transmitted signal
(3) both the strength and quality of the signal (4) none of the above

9. Degree of modulation –
(1) can take any value (2) should be less than 100%
(3) should exceed 100% (4) none of these

10. If the maximum and minimum voltage of an AM wave are V max. and Vmin respectively then modulation
factor–
Vmax. Vmin. V  Vmin. V  Vmin.
(1) m = (2) m = (3) m = max. (4) m = max.
Vmax.  Vmin. Vmax.  Vmin. Vmax.  Vmin. Vmax.  Vmin.

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 Principal of Communication

11. The AM wave contains three frequencies, viz :

f f f f f
(1) c , c s , c s (2) 2fc, 2(fc + fs), 2(fc – fs)
2 2 2
(3) fc,(fc + fs), (fc – fs) (4) fc , fc, fc

12. Which of the following is/are the limitations of amplitude modulation?

(1) Clear reception (2) High efficiency
(3) Small operating range (4) Good audio quality
13. For a carrier frequency of 100 kHz and a modulating frequency of 5 kHz what is the width of AM
transmission–
(1) 5 kHz (2) 10kHz (3) 20 kHz (4) 200 KHz

14. Intelsat satellite is used for :

(1) radio communication (2) intercontinental communication
(3) radar communication (4) none of the above

15. A geo-synchronous satellite is :

(1) located at a height of 35,860 km to ensure global coverage
(2)appears stationary over the earth's magnetic pole
(3) not really stationary at all, but orbits the earth within 24 hrs
(4) motionless in space (except for its spin)

16. The frequency band used for radar relay systems and television -
(1) UHF (2) VLF (3) VHF (4) EHF
17. In which of the region of earth's atmosphere temperature decreases with height?
(1) Ionosphere (2) Stratosphere (3) Troposphere (4) Mesosphere
18. Major parts of a communications systems are :
(1) transmitter and receiver (2) receiver and communication channel
(3) transmitter and communication channel (4) transmitter, receiver and communication channel
19. Which is more advantageous ? (i) analog data communication (ii) digital data communication ?
(1) analog data communication (2) digital data communication
(3) both are equally good (4) depends on the situation
20. In an amplitude modulated wave, for audio frequency of 500 cps, the appropriate carrier frequency will
be :
(1) 50 c/s (2) 100 c/s (3) 500 c/s (4) 50000 c/s
21. In A.M., the total modulation index should not exceed one or else :
(1) the system will fail (2) distortion will result
(3) amplifier will be damaged (4) none of the above
22. An 'antenna' is :
(1) inductive (2) capacitive
(3) resistive above its resonance frequency (4) none of the above
23. The Q of a resonant transimission line is :
 R L L
(1) Q = (2) Q = (3) Q = (4) Q =
LR L R R
24. Range of frequencies allotted for commercial FM radio broadcast is -
(1) 88 to 108 MHz (2) 88 to 108 kHz (3) 8 to 88 MHz (4) 88 to 108 GHz
25. Which of the following is not transducer?
(1) Loudspeaker (2) Amplifier (3) Microphone (4) All of these
 Principal of Communication

26. The attenuation in optical fibre is mainly due to

(1) Absorption (2) Scattering
(3) Neither absorption nor scattering (4) Both (1) and (2)
27. A transmitter supplies 9 kW to the aerial when unmodulated. The power radiated when modulated to
40% is
(1) 5 kW (2) 9.72 kW (3) 10 kW (4) 12 kW
28. The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 8A when only carrier is sent but increases to 8.96 A when
the carrier is sinusoidal modulated. The percentage modulations is
(1) 50% (2) 60% (3) 65% (4) 71%
29. The total power content of an AM wave is 900 W. For 100% modulation, the power transmitted by each
side band is
(1) 50 W (2) 100W (3) 150 W (4) 200W
30. In the given detector circuit, the suitable value of carrier frequency is

C
–12
R=1000 1 × 12 F

AM 0
Input
9 5 9
(1) <<10 Hz (2) <<10 Hz (3) >> 10 Hz (4) None of these
31. Amplitude modulation has
(1) One carrier (2) One carrier with high frequency
(3) One carrier with two side band frequencies (4) One carrier with infinite frequencies
32. Through which mode of propagation, the radio waves can be sent from one place to another
(1) Ground wave propagation (2) Sky wave propagation
(3) Space wave propagation (4) All of them
33. Sinusoidal carrier voltage of frequency 1.5 MHz and amplitude 50 V is amplitude modulated by
sinusoidal voltage of frequency 10 kHz producing 50% modulation. The lower and upper side-band
frequencies in kHz are
1 1 1 1
(1) 1490, 1510 (2) 1510, 1490 (3) , (4) ,
1490 1510 1510 1490
34. In an amplitude modulation with modulation index 0.5, the ratio of the amplitude of the carrier wave to
that of the side band in the modulated wave is
(1) 4 : 1 (2) 1 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 2 : 1
35. 1000kHz carrier wave is amplitude modulated by the signal frequency 200 – 4000Hz. The channel
width of this case is
(1) 8 kHz (2) 4 kHz (3) 7.6 kHz (4) 3.8 kHz
36. The area of the region covered by the TV broadcast by a TV tower of 100 m height is (radius of the
6
earth = 6.4 × 10 m)
(1) 12.8  × 10 km
8 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
(2) 1.28 × 10 km (3) 0.64 × 10 km (4) 1.28 × 10 km
37. The distance of coverage of a transmitting antenna is 12.8 km. Then, the height of the antenna is
(Given that radius of earth = 6400 km)
(1) 6.4 m (2) 12.8 m (3) 3.2 m (4)16 m
38. A carrier frequency of 1MHz and peak value of 10V is amplitude modulated with a signal frequency of
10kHz with peak value of 0.5 V. Then the modulation index and the side band frequencies respectively
are
(1) 0.05 and 1 ± 0.010 MHz (2) 0.5 and 1 ± 0.010 MHz
(3) 0.05 and 1 ± 0.005 MHz (4) 0.5 and 1 ± 0.005 MHz
39. In amplitude modulation, the bandwidth is
 Principal of Communication

(1) Twice the audio signal frequency (2) Thrice the audio signal frequency
(3) Thrice the carrier wave frequency (4) Twice the carrier wave frequency
(5) Sum of audio signal frequency and carrier wave frequency
40. If the maximum amplitude of an amplitude modulated wave is 25 V and the minimum amplitude is 5 V,
the modulation index is
(1) 1/5 (2) 1/3 (3) 3/2 (4) 2/5
(5) 2/3

PART -II ASSERTION / REASON

1. Statement -1 : The electrical conuctivity of earth's atmosphere increases with altitude.
Statement - 2 : The high energy particles (i.e., -rays and cosmic rays) coming from outer space while
entering our earth's atmosphere cause ionization of the atoms of the gases present in the atmosphere
and their energy decreases as they approach to earth.'
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
2. Statement - 1 : In a diode AM detector, R = 1 k and C = 10 pF circuit is good enough to detect a
carrier signal of 100 kHz.
Statement - 2 : The condition 1/fc << RC.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
3. Statement–I: Surface wave and sky wave can not be observed on moon.
Statement–II: Atmosphere of variable refractive index is require for propagation of surface & sky wave.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
4. Statement–I: Diode lasers are used as optical sources in optical communication.
Statement–II: Diode lasers consume less energy.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
5. Statement–I: Television signals are received through skywave propagation.
Statement–II: The ionosphere reflects electromagnetic waves of frequencies greater than a certain
critical frequency.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
6. Statement–I: In high latitude one sees colourful curtains of light hanging down from high altitudes.
Statement–II: The high energy charged particles from the sun are deflected to polar regions by the
magnetic field of the earth.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
7. Statement–I: Short wave bands are used for transmission of radio waves to a large distance.
Statement–II: Short waves are reflected by ionosphere.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
 Principal of Communication

(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

AIEEE & JEE (MAIN) PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. This question has Statement-1 and Statement-2. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose
the one that best describes the two statements. [AIEEE - 2011, 4/120, –1]
Statement-1 : Sky wave signals are used for long distance radio communication. These signals are in
general, less stable than ground wave signals.
Statement-2 : The state of ionosphere varies from hour to hour, day to day and season to season.
(1) Statement –1 is true, statement –2 is false.
(2) Statement –1 is true, Statement –2 is true, Statement –2 is the correct explanation of Statement –1
(3) Statement –1 is true, Statement –2 is true, Statement–2 is not the correct explanation of Statement–1
(4) Statement–1 is false, Statement –2 is true

2. Which of the following four alternatives is not correct? [AIEEE 2011, 11 May; 4/120, –1]
We need modulation:
(1) to reduce the time lag between transmission and reception of the information signal
(2) to reduce the size of antenna
(3) to reduce the e fractional band width, that is the ratio of the signal band width to the centre
frequency
(4) to increase the selectivity.

3. A radar has a power of 1kW and is operating at a frequency of 10 GHz. It is located on a mountain top
of height 500m. The maximum distance upto which it can detect object located on the surface of the
earth (Radius of earth = 6.4 × 106 m) is : [AIEEE - 2012, 4/120, –1]
(1) 80 km (2) 16 km (3) 40 km (4) 64 km
4. A diode detector is used to detect an amplitude modulated wave of 60% modulation by using a
condenser of capacity 250 pico farad in parallel with a load resistance 100 kilo ohm. Find the maximum
modulated frequency which could be detected by it. [JEE (Main) - 2013; 4/120, –1]
(1) 10.62 MHz (2) 10.62 kHz (3) 5.31 MHz (4) 5.31 kHz

5. If a carrier wave c(t) = A sinCt, were to be amplitude modulated by a modulating signal m(t) = A sinmt,
the equation representing the modulated signal [Cm(t)], and its modulatgion index, would be
respectively : [JEE(MAIN) 2013_ONLINE TEST]
(1) Cm(t) = A(1 + sinCt)sinmt and 1 (2) Cm(t) = A(1 + sinCt)sinmt and 2
(3) Cm(t) = A(1 + sinmt)sinct and 1 (4) Cm(t) = A(1 + sinmt)sinct and 2

6. For sky wave propagation, the radio waves must have a frequency range in between :
[JEE (Main) 2014_ONLINE TEST]
(1) 1 MHz to 2 MHz (2) 45 MHz to 50 MHz (3) 35 MHz to 40 MHz (4) 5 MHz to 25 MHz

7. Long range radio transmission is possible when the radiowaves are reflected from the ionosphere. For
this to happen the frequency of the radiowaves must be in the range : [JEE (Main) 2014_Online Test]
(1) 8–25 MHz (2) 80–150 MHz (3)150–500 kHz (4) 1–3 MHz
 Principal of Communication

8. A signal of 5 kHZ frequency is amplitude modulated on a carrier wave of frequency 2 mHz. The
frequencies of the resultant signal is/are : [JEE(Main)-2015; 4/120, –1]
(1) 2 MHz only (2) 2005 kHz, and 1995 kHz
(3) 2005 kHz, 2000 kHz and 1995 kHz (4) 2000 kHz and 1995 kHz

9. Choose the correct statement : [JEE(Main)-2016; 4/120, –1]

(1) In amplitude modulation the frequency of high frequency carrier wave is made to vary in proportion
to the amplitude of the audio signal
(2) In frequency modulation the amplitude of the high frequency carrier wave is made to vary in
proportion to the amplitude of the audio signal.
(3) In frequency modulation the amplitude of the high frequency carrier wave is made to vary in
proportion to the frequency of the audio signal
(4) In amplitude modulation the amplitude of the high frequency carrier wave is made to vary in
proportion to the amplitude of the audio signal

10. In amplitude modulation, sinusoidal carrier frequency used is denoted by c and the signal frequency is
denoted by m. The bandwidth (m) of the signal is such that m<< c. Which of the following
frequency is not contained in the modulated wave? [JEE (Main) 2017; 4/120, –1]
(1) c – m (2) m (3) c (4) m + c

11. A telephonic communication service is working at carrier frequency of 10 GHz. Only 10% of it is utilized
for transmission. How many telephonic channels can be transmitted simultaneously if each channel
requires a bandwidth of 5 kHz? [JEE (Main)-2018, 4/120, –1]
5 6 3 4
(1) 2×10 (2) 2 × 10 (3) 2 × 10 (4) 2 × 10

EXERCISE-1 4. (1) 5. (4) 6. (3)

PART–I 7. (1)
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (2)
4. (3) 5. (3) 6. (3)
7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (2)
10. (4) 11. (3) 12. (3)
13. (2) 14. (2) 15. (3)
16. (1) 17. (3) 18. (4)
19. (2) 20. (4) 21. (2)
22. (1) 23. (3) 24. (1)
25. (2) 26. (4) 27. (2)
28. (4) 29. (3) 30. (1)
31. (3) 32. (4) 33. (1)
34. (1) 35. (1) 36. (2)
37. (2) 38. (1) 39. (1)
40. (5)
PART–II
1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (1)
 Principal of Communication

EXERCISE–2
1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (1)
4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (3)
7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (4)
10. (2) 11. (1)