Er.

Sahil Chhabra
Re-Science Study point

Work ,Energy and Power

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1. Work energy theorem states that – change in kinetic energy of a body is equal to the work done
by the net force. In deriving the theorem, it is assumed that force is effective only in changing the
KE. When the force and displacement are in same direction, KE increases and work done is positive.
When the force and displacement are in opposite direction, KE decreases and work done is negative.
When the body is in uniform motion, KE does not change and work done by centripetal force is
zero.
Questions
(i) A body of mass 10 kg initially at rest, acquires a velocity of 10 m/s. The work done is:
(a) -500J (b) 500J (c) 50J (d) - 50J
(ii) How much work must be done by a force on 50 kg body in order to accelerate from rest to 20
m/s in 10 sec?
(a) 103 J (b) 104 J (c) 2X103 (d) 4X104 J
(iii) A gun of mass M fires a bullet of mass m with maximum speed v. The KE of gun will be?
(a) ½ mv2 (b) 1/2 Mv2 (c) more than ½ mv2 (d) less than½ mv2
(iv) An unloaded car moving with velocity v on a frictionless road can be stopped in a distance s.
If the passengers add 40% to its weight and breaking force remains the same then the stopping
distance will be:
(a) 1.4 s (b) 1.5 s (c) 1.6 s (d) 1.8 s
(v) A block of mass 10 kg is moving in x direction with a constant speed of 10 m/s. It is subjected
to a retarding force F = - 0.1 xj/m during its travel from x=20m to x=30m. Final KE will be
(a) 250J (b) 275J (c) 450J (d) 475J

Q2. A force is conservative. (i) if the work done by the force in displacing the body is independent
of the path followed by the particle and (ii) if the work done by the force in moving a particle around
any closed path is zero. Gravitational force, electrostatic force and elastic force are conservative
forces A force is if it can be defined from the scalar potential energy function U (x)by the relation:
F (x) = du(X)/dx
If the work done by the force in displacing the body, depend S on the path followed by the particle,
then the force is non conservative force . Force of friction and viscosity are non conservative forces
Er. Sahil Chhabra
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Questions-
(i) A particle moves along a curve of unknown shape but magnitude of force F is constant and
always act along the tangent to the curve, then
(a) F may be conservative (b) F must be conservative
(c) F may be non conservative. (d) F must be non conservative.
(ii) Which of the following is not a conservative force?
(a) Gravitational force (b) electrostatic force (c) Force of friction (d) magnetic force
(iii) The potential energy of a body is given by U= A-Bx2, x is displacement. The magnitude of the
force acting on the particle is:
(a) Constant (b) proportional to x
(c) proportional to x2 (d)inversely proportional to x
(iv) The potential energy of a system increases if work is done:
(a) upon the system by a non-conservative force (b) by system against the conservative force
(c) by the system against non-conservative (d) upon the system by a conservative force
(v) A particle is moving in a circular path of radius a under the action of attractive potential
Energy: U= k/2r2. Its total energy is:
(a) k/2 (b) 2k (c) zero (d) k/4a

Q3. In all collisions, total linear momentum is conserved, while the total KE of the system is not
necessarily conserved. If there is no loss of KE during a collision it is called an elastic collision. The
collision between atoms and sub atomic particles are truly elastic. If there is a loss of KE during a
collision it is called inelastic collision. During collision, a part of kinetic energy may convert into
heat and sound. When two bodies stick together after a collision, the collision is perfectly inelastic.
QUESTIONS:
(i) A particle of mass m1 moves with velocity v1, collides with another particle at rest of equal
mass. The velocity of second particle after collision is
(a) 2v1 (b) v1 (c) –v1 (d) zero
(ii) A body moving with a velocity v, breaks up into two equal parts. One of the parts retraces back
with a velocity v. The velocity of other part is
(a) v in forward direction (b) 3v in forward direction
(c) v in backward direction (d) 3v in backward direction
(iii) When a body is moves with constant speed in a circular path, then
(a) Work done will be zero (b) acceleration will be zero
Er. Sahil Chhabra
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(c) Force acting on body is zero (d) velocity is constant

(iv) In an inelastic collision, what is conserved?
(a) Kinetic energy (b) linear momentum (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)
(v) A body of mass m1, collides elastically with another body of mass m2, at rest. There is
maximum transfer of energy when
(a) m1 > m2 (b) m1 < m2 (c) m1 = m2 (d) same for all values of m1 and m2

Q4.Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body and the body displaces through a
certain distance in the direction of force Let a constant force F be applied on the body such that it
makes an angle θ with the horizontal and body is displaced through a distance s. Then work done by
the force in displacing the body through a distance s is given by:

W = (F cos θ) s = Fs cos θ ⇒ W = (F cos θ) s = Fs cos θ or W =

Positive work means that force (or its component) is parallel to displacement 0º ≤ θ < 90º and
negative work means that force (or its component) is opposite to displacement 90º < θ ≤ 180º

Questions
(i) A body displaces through a distance of 20m on applying a force of 20 newton in a direction
inclined at 60 degree to the ground. The work done is:
(a) 100J (b) 200J (c) 300J (d) 400J
(ii) A person holding a bucket by applying a force of 10N. He moves a horizontal distance of 5m
and then climbs up a distance of 10m. The total work done by the person is:
(a) zero (b) 10J (c) 50J (d) 100J
(iii) A ball moves on frictionless inclined table without slipping. The work done by the table
surface on the ball is:
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) none of these
(iv) A body moves through a distance of 10m when a force of 10 N is applied on it. If he work
done is 25 J, then the angle between the force and direction of motion is
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) none of these
(v) The work done by a force:
(a) may be positive (b) may be negative (c) may be zero (d) all of these
Er. Sahil Chhabra
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Q5. When the magnitude and direction of a force varies with position, the work done by such a force

for an infinitesimal displacement is given by: dW=

The total work done in going from A to B is:

Area under force displacement curve with proper algebraic sign represents work done by the force.
Work done depends on magnitude of force, displacement and the angle between direction of force
and direction of motion.
Questions:
(i) No work is done if
(a) Displacement is zero (b) Force is zero
(c) Force and displacement are mutually perpendicular (d) All of these
(ii) The magnitude of work done by a force
(a) Depends on frame of reference (b) Does not depend on frame of reference
(c) Cannot be calculated in non-inertial frames (d) Both (a) and (b)
(iii) In which of the following work is being not done?
(a) Shopping in the supermarket (b) Standing with a basket of fruit on the head
(c) Climbing a tree (d) Pushing a wheel barrow
(iv) A particle moves under a force F = CX from X = 0 to X = X1. The work done is:
(a) C(X1)2 (b) C(X1)3 (c) ½ C(X1)2 (d) zero
(v) The work done by an applied force F = x + x3 from x = 0 m to x = 2 m, where x is
displacement is:
(a) 6J (b) 8J (c)10J (d) 12J

Q6. When a force is applied on a body and the body is displaced in the direction of force, then the
kinetic energy of the body changes. This change in the kinetic energy of the body is measured in
terms of work, i.e. the change in kinetic energy of the body must be equal to work done. It is also
known as work energy theorem. If m is the mass of body, u is initial velocity of body, v is final
velocity of body then Work done = Change in kinetic energy, W= ½ mv2- ½ mu2
Questions:
(i) The kinetic energy of a body of mass 2kg and momentum 2N
(a) 1J (b) 2J (c) 3J (d) 4 J
(ii) Two bodies of mass m and 4m have equal kinetic energies. Ratio of their linear momenta is:
(a) 1:4 (b)1:2 (c) 1:1 (d) 2:1
(iii) If the momentum is increase by 20% , then the KE is increases by:
Er. Sahil Chhabra
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(a) 48% (b) 40 % (c) 44 % (d) 35 %

(iv) Which of the following must be known in order to determine the power output of an
automobile?
(a) Final velocity and height (b) Mass and amount of work performed
(c) Force exerted and distance of motion (d) Work performed and elapsed time of work
(v) When a force is applied on a body of mass 20kg, it changes its velocity from 5m/s to 10 m/s.
The work done by the force is:
(a) 550J (b) 650J (c) 750J (d) 850J

Q7. Potential energy is defined only for conservative forces. In the space occupied by
conservative forces every point is associated with certain energy which is called the energy of
position or potential energy When a spring is stretched or compressed from its normal position (x
= 0) by a small distance x, a restoring force is produced in spring to bring it to the normal position.
According to Hooke’s law this restoring force is proportional to the displacement x and its direction
is always opposite to displacement. Then potential energy of spring is given by: U = 1/2 kx2. If
spring is stretched from initial position x1 to final position x2 then work done = Increment in elastic
potential energy = ½ k (x22- x12)
Questions:
(i) If two particles are brought near one another, the potential energy of the system will
(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Remains the same (d) Equal to the K.E.
(ii) If stretch in a spring of force constant k is doubled then the ratio of elastic potential energy in
the two cases will be:
(a) 4:1 (b)1:4 (c)2:1 (d)1:2
(iii) The energy stored in wounded spring watch is:
(a) Kinetic (b) Potential (c) Heat (d) Chemical
(iv) A spring of force constant 800N/m has an extension of 5cm. The work done in extending it
from 5cm to 15 cm is:
(a) 4J (b) 8J (c) 12J (d) 16J
(v) When a spring is stretched by 2cm, it stores 100 J of energy. If it is stretched further by 2cm,
the stored energy will be increased by:
(a) 100J (b) 200J (c) 300J (d) 400J
Er. Sahil Chhabra
Re-Science Study point

Q8. In everyday life, the term work is used to

refer to any form of activity that requires the
exertion of mental or muscular efforts. In
physics, work is said to be done by a force or
against the direction of the force, when the point
of application of the force moves towards or
against the direction of the force. If no
displacement takes place, no work is said to be
done.
Questions:
(i) A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100 N force. How much work is done by
the applied force?
(a) 100J (b) 200 J (c) 300 J (d) 400 J
(ii) What is work done in holding a 15 kg suitcase while waiting for 15 minutes?
(a)22.5 J (b)225 J (c) zero (d) 150 J
(iii) Frictional forces are:
(a) conservative forces (b) non- conservative forces (c) buoyant force (d) none of these
(iv) When the body moves in circular motion, net 'work' done is:
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) none of these
(v) Force of 4N is applied on a body of mass 20 kg. The work done in 3rd second is:
(a) 2J (b)4J (c) 6J (d) 8J

Q9. In physics, we come across many examples of collisions. The molecules of a gas collide with
one another and with the container. The collisions of a neutron with an atom is well known. In a
nuclear reactor, fast neutrons produced in the fission of uranium atom have to be slowed down. They
are, therefore, made to collide with hydrogen atom. The term collision does not necessarily mean
that a particle or a body must actually strike another. In fact, two particles may not even touch each
other and yet they are said to collide if one particle influences the motion of the other. When two
bodies collide, each body exerts an equal and opposite force on the other. The fundamental
conservation law of physics are used to determine the velocities of the bodies after the collision.
Collision may be elastic or inelastic. Thus a collision may be defined as an event in which two or
more bodies exert relatively strong forces on each other for a relatively short time. The forces that
the bodies exert on each other are internal to the system. Almost all the knowledge about the sub-
atomic particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, muons, quarks, etc. is obtained
Er. Sahil Chhabra
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from the experiments involving collisions. There are certain collisions called nuclear reactions in
which new particles are formed. For example, when a slow neutron collides with a U235 nucleus,
new nuclei barium-141 and Kr92 are formed. This collision is called nuclear fission. In nuclear
fusion, two nuclei deuterium and tritium collide (or fuse) to form a helium nucleus with the emission
of a neutron.
QUESTIONS -
Q.1 Which one of the following collisions is not elastic?
(a) A hard steel ball dropped on a hard concrete floor and rebounding to its original height.
(b) Two balls moving in the same direction collide and stick to each other
(c) Collision between molecules of an ideal gas.
(d) Collisions of fast neutrons with hydrogen atoms in a fission reactor.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is true about inelastic collision?
(a) The total kinetic energy of the particles after collision is equal to that before collision.
(b) The total kinetic energy of the particle after collision is less than that before collision.
(c) The total momentum of the particles after collision is less than that before collision.
(d) Kinetic energy and momentum are both conserved in the collision.
(iii) In elastic collision:
(a) Only energy is conserved. (b) Only momentum is conserved.
(c) Neither energy nor momentum is conserved.
(d) Both energy and momentum are conserved.
Q10 Work is said to be done by the force acting on a body, provided the body is displaced actually
in any direction except in a direction perpendicular to the direction of force. Mathematically,
W = 𝐹⃗ . 𝑆⃗ = F S cos ϴ. Here energy is the capacity of a body to do the work;
.𝑆⃗
Power is the rate at which the body can do the work. P = 𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ = 𝐹⃗ . 𝑣⃗
𝑡 𝑡

Both work and energy are measured in joule and power is measured in watt.
QUESTIONS -
(i) A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100N resistance. Work done by the
applied force is:
(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) 25J (d) 0.04J
(ii) In the above question, work done by the resisting force is:
(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) 25J (d) -25J
(iii) In the above question, work done by gravity is
Er. Sahil Chhabra
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(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) zero (d) -25J

(iv) A truck draws a tractor of mass 1000kg at a steady rate of 20ms-1 on a level road. The tension
in the coupling is 2000N. Power spent on the tractor is:
(a) 40W (b) 20W (c) 20kW (d) 40kW
Q11.Potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its position
P.E. = m g h where the symbols have their usual meaning. Kinetic energy of a body is the energy
possessed by the body by virtue of its velocity. K.E. = 1mv2 Energy can neither be created nor be
2

destroyed. However energy can be changed from one form to the other, such that energy appearing
in one form is equal to the energy disappearing in other form.
QUESTIONS
(i) A body of mass 1kg is allowed to fall freely under gravity. The momentum of the body 5
second after it starts falling is:
(a) 100 kgms-1 (b) 50 kgms-1 (c) 150 kgms-1 (d) 200 kgms-1
(ii) Kinetic energy of the body at the same time is
(a) 1250 J (b) 2500 J (c) 625 J (d) 2500 J
(iii) The body will attain this K.E. when it fall freely from a height of
(a) 125m (b) 250m (c) 1250m (d) 2500m
(iv) Velocity of the body on striking the ground will be:
(a) 25m/s (b) 12.5m/s (c) 50m/s (d) 100m/s
(v) The ratio of P.E. to K.E. at a height of 62.5 m above the ground is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
Q12. An elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system
as a result of the collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved quantities in elastic
collisions.

QUESTIONS
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(i) In which motion, momentum changes but K.E does not?

(a) Circular motion (b) Parabolic motion (c) Straight line motion (d) None of these
(ii) The coefficient of restitution for elastic collision is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d)
infinite (iii)Two balls at the same temperature collide. What
is conserved?
(a) momentum (b) velocity (c) kinetic energy (d) none of these
(iv) Momenta of two objects moving with same speed but in opposite direction upon collision is:
(a) Increased (b) decrease (c) Zero (d) none of these
(v) In elastic collision, the relative speed of approach and separation is:
(a) Equal (b)unequal (c)zero (d) infinite

ANSWER KEY (CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS)

Q1. (i) a (ii) b (iii) d (iv) a (v) d

Q2. (i) d (ii) c (iii) b (iv) b (v) c
Q3. (i) c (ii) b (iii) a (iv) b (v) c
Q4. (i) b (ii) d (iii) c (iv) d (v) d
Q5. (i) d (ii) a (iii) c (iv)c (v) c
Q6. (i) a (ii) b (iii) c (iv) d (v) c
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Q7. (i) a (ii) a (iii) b (iv) b (v) c

Q8. (i) d (ii) c (iii) b (iv) c (v) a
Q9. (i) b (ii) b (iii)d
Q10. (i) a (ii) b (iii) c (iv) d
Q11. (i) b (ii) a (iii) a (iv) c (v) b
Q12. (i) a (ii) b (iii) a (iv) c (v) a