Solution

TRIANGLE AND PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

Class 09 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(b) 80o, 65o, 35o
Explanation: We have, A - B = 15o ⇒ A = B + 15o ...(i)
and B - C = 30o ⇒ C = B - 30o ...(ii)
As we know that the sum of interior angles of triangle is 180o, therefore we have
A + B + C = 180o
⇒ B + 15o + B + B - 30o = 180o [using Eqs.(i) and (ii)]
⇒ 3B - 15o = 180o
⇒ 3B = 195o
⇒ B = 65o
Now, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
A = 65o + 15o = 80o
and C = 65o - 30o = 35o
2. (a) 4011
Explanation: From the inequality of triangle, we have
6002 + 2006 > m and 6002 - 2006 < m
⇒ 8008 > m and 3996 < m ⇒ 3996 < m < 8008

Since, m is an integer, therefore it can take

8008 - 3996 - 1 = 4011
Hence, 4011 triangles are possible.
3. (a) ∠R > ∠P and ∠S > ∠Q
Explanation: Given PQRS is a quadrilateral. PQ is the longest side and RS is the shortest side.

Since, PQ is the longest side of quadrilateral PQRS.

Therefore, in △PQR, we have
PQ > QR
⇒ ∠5 > ∠2 ...(i) [as, angle opposite to longer side of a triangle is greater]
Since, RS is the smallest side of quadrilateral PQRS.
Therefore, in △PSR, we have
PS > RS
⇒ ∠6 > ∠1 ...(ii)
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
∠5 + ∠6 > ∠2 + ∠1

⇒ ∠R > ∠P

In △PQS, PQ > PS [as, PQ is the longest side]

⇒ ∠8 > ∠3 ...(iii) [as, angle opposite to longer side of a triangle is greater]
In △SRQ,
RQ > RS [as, RS is the shortest side]

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 ⇒ ∠7 > ∠4 ...(iv) [as, angle opposite to longer side of a triangle is greater]
On adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
∠8 + ∠7 > ∠3 + ∠4 ⇒ ∠S > ∠Q

Hence, ∠R > ∠P and ∠S > ∠Q .

4. (a) 36o
Explanation: Given, AB = AC and AD = DC = BC.

Let ∠ BAC = xo
Now in △ADC, we have AD = DC
⇒ ∠ DAC = ∠ ACD = xo [∵ angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
⇒ ∠ BDC = xo + xo + 2xo [∵ ∠ BDC is an exterior angle of △ADC]
Now, in △BDC, we have
DC = BC ⇒ ∠ DBC = ∠ BDC = 2xo
⇒ ∠ ABC = 2xo [∵ ∠ ABC = ∠ DBC] ...(i)
∴ In △ABC, we have

∠ACB = 2xo [∵ AB = AC ⇒ ∠ ABC = ∠ ACB] ...(ii)

Now, consider △ABC, then
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180o
⇒ xo + 2xo + 2xo = 180o [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
⇒ 5xo = 180o ⇒ xo = 36o
Hence, ∠ BAC is 36o.
5.
(b) AD = BC
Explanation: Given M and N are the mid-points of parallel sides AB and DC, respectively of a trapezium ABCD and MN
is perpendicular to both sides AB and DC, i.e. MN ⊥ AB and MN ⊥ CD. Join AN and BM

Since, M is the mid-point of AB.

∴ AM = MB

Now, in △AMN and △BMN, we have

AM = MB [proved above]
∠ 3 = ∠ 4 [each 90o]
and MN = MN [common side]
∴ △AM N ≅△BM N [by SAS congruence rule]
Then, ∠ 1 = ∠ 2 [by CPCT]
⇒ 90o - ∠ 1 = 90o - ∠ 2
⇒ ∠ AND = ∠ BNC ...(i)

Now, in △ADN and △BCN, we have

∠ AND = ∠ BNC [from Eq. (i)]

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 AN = BN [proved above]
and DN = NC [as, N is the mid-point of CD]
∴ △ADN ≅△BC N [by SAS congruence rule]

AD = BC [by CPCT]
6.
(d) AB = ZX
Explanation: Given, AY = ZY and BY = XY
∵ BY ⊥ XY and AY ⊥ ZY

∴ ∠ BYX = 90o and ∠ AYZ = 90o

⇒ ∠ BYX = ∠ AYZ

On adding ∠ AYX both sides, we get

∠ BYX + ∠ AYX = ∠ AYZ + ∠ AYX

⇒ ∠ AYB = ∠ ZYX

Now, in △AYB and △ZYX, we have

AY = ZY [given]
BY = XY [given]
and ∠ AYB = ∠ ZYX [proved above]
∴ △AY B ≅△ZY X [by SAS congruence rule]

Hence, AB = ZX [by CPCT]

7.
(b) 35o
Explanation: Extend AF and AG, such that they touch CD at M and N respectively.

Now, ∠ MCB + ∠ MBC = ∠ AMN [as, exterior angle of a triangle equals to the sum of interior opposite angles]
∠ AMN = 40o + 30o = 70o ⇒ ∠ AMN = 70o ...(i)
Similarly, ∠ ANM = ∠ NED + ∠ NDE
and ∠ ANM = 40o + 35o = 75o ...(ii)
In △AMN,
∠ AMN + ∠ ANM + ∠ MAN = 180o [angle sum property of a triangle]
⇒ 70o + 75o + ∠ MAN = 180o
⇒ ∠ MAN = 180o - 145o = 35o
⇒ ∠ MAN = 35o [∵ ∠ BAE = ∠ MAN]
8.
(d) AB + CD > AE
Explanation: We know that if in a triangle median is same as altitude, then the triangle is isosceles.
In △ABD, we have AC is the median as well as altitude to BD.
∴ AB = AD ...(i)
In △ACE, AD is median to CE, therefore
CD = DE ...(ii)
Now, in △ADE, we have
AD + DE > AE
⇒ AB + CD > AE [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
9.
(d) CP, BP, AP
Explanation: In △ABP, we have

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 ∠ ABP > ∠ BAP ⇒ AP > BP ...(i)
Also, in △ACP, we have
∠ ACP > ∠ CAP ⇒ AP > CP ...(ii) [∵ side opposite to greater angle is greater]

Now, from the given options, we can see that only this option is correct, i.e., CP < BP < AP.
10.
(c) 50o
Explanation: Given, AC = CD
∴ ∠ CAD = ∠ CDA ...(i)

CDEF is a parallelogram.
∴ DE || CF or DE || AF and CD || FE.

Since in parallelogram CDEF,

CD || FE and EC is a transversal.
∴ ∠ DCE = ∠ FEC = 10o [Alternate interior angle] [∵ ∠ FEC = 10o (given)]

Now, ∠ ACB = 90o

⇒ ∠ ACD = 90o- 10o = 80o
In △ACD, ∠ CAD + ∠ CDA + ∠ ACD = 180o [by angle sum property of a triangle]
⇒ ∠ CAD + ∠ CAD + 80o = 180o ⇒ ∠ CAD = 50o
Again, in parallelogram CDEF, DE || AF and DA is the transversal.
∵ ∠ BDE = ∠ CAD = 50o [corresponding angles]
∴ ∠ BDE = 50o
Section B
11. Given: In the figure, AB = DB, AC = DC, ∠ABD = 58o ∠DBC ∘
= (2x − 4) , ∠AC B = y + 15
∘
and ∠DC B = 63
∘

In △ABC and △DBC

AB = DB (given)
AC = DC (given)
BC = BC (common)
∴ △ABC ≅△DBC (by SSS criteria)

∴ ∠AC B = ∠DC B(by CPCT)

y + 15° = 63°
y = 63° - 15
y = 48°
and ∠ABC = ∠DBC (by CPCT)
Adding ∠DBC on both sides
∠ABC + ∠DBC = ∠DBC + ∠DBC

∠ABD = 2∠DBC

58° = 2 × (2x - 4)
29 = 2x - 4
2x = 29 + 4 = 33°
∘
33
x =
2

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 x = 16.5°
Thus, the value of x = 16.5° and y = 48°

12.

Given: △ABC in which AB = AC

BO & CO are angle bisector of ∠B and ∠C
To Prove:
i. BO = CO
ii. AO bisect angle BAC
Proof:
i. BO = CO
In △ABC
AB = AC (Given)
∠B = ∠C (∵ angle Opposite to equal sides are equal)
1 1
< B= < C
2 2

∠OBC = ∠OC B ...(i)

OB = OC (∵ sides Opposite to equal angle are equal)
BO = CO Proved.
ii. Now, In △ABO and △ACO
AB = AC (Given)
∠ ABO = ∠ ACO (∵ ∠ B = ∠ C and BO. CO are angle bisector of ∠ B and ∠ C)

OB = OC (proved)
hence △ABO ≅△AC O (by SAS congruence criteria)
So, ∠BAO = ∠C AO by C.P.C.T.
Hence AO bisect angle BAC.

13.

△PQR is a right angled at Q

where PR > PQ
∠ Q > ∠ R ...(i)
Also, PR > QR
∠ Q > ∠ P ...(ii)

(i) + (ii)
2∠ Q > ∠ R + ∠ P
by adding ∠ Q on both side 3∠ Q > ∠ R + ∠ P + ∠ Q
3∠ Q > 180o (∵ ∠ R + ∠ P + ∠ Q = 180o)
∠Q > 60o
Now,
∠Q >
2 ∘
(90 )
3

i.e ∠ Q > 2

3
of a right angle Proved.

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14.

Given: XY = YZ and D is the mid point of YZ in △XYZ.

To Prove: XY2 = XD2 + YD⋅ DZ
Cons: Join XD
Proof: XD is ⊥ YZ [∵ XY = XZ and D is the mid point]
In △XYD
XY2 = YD2 + XD2
XY2 = XD2 + (YD)(YD)
XY2 = XD2 + YD⋅ DZ (∵ YD = DZ Given)
XY2 = XD2 + YD⋅ DZ
​Henced proved.
15. Let △ABC be an equilateral triangle of side a. Draw AD ⊥ BC . Again, let AD = x is an altitude.

Now, BD = CD [∵ in an equilateral triangle, altitude AD is perpendicular bisector of base BC]

a [∵ each side of an equilateral triangle is a]
1 1
= BC =
2 2

In right angled △ADB, using Pythagoras theorem, we get

AB2 = AD2 + BD2
a2 = x2 + (
2
1
⇒ a)
2

⇒ a2 = x2 + 1

4
a
2

⇒ 4a2 = 4x2 + a2
⇒ 3a2 = 4x2
∴ Thus, we have three times the square of one side (a) is equal to four times the square of one of its altitudes.

Hence proved.
16. Given In figure, ABC is a triangle in which ∠ABC > 90 and AD ⊥ C B produced.
∘

To prove AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC.BD

Proof In right angled △ADC , ∠ D = 90°
∴ AC2 = AD2 + DC2 [by Pythagoras theorem]
= AD2 + (BD + BC)2 [∵ DC = DB + BC]
= (AD2 + BD2) + BC2 + 2BD⋅ BC [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
⇒ AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC⋅ BD [∵ in right angled △ADB, AB2 = AD2 + DB2]
Hence proved.
Section C

17.

Given: △ABC is an equal △

To Prove: AD = BE = CF
Proof: In △BFC and △CEB

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 BF = CE {∵ AB = AC 1

2
AB = 1

2
AC BF = CE}
∠ ABC = ∠ ACB = 60o
BC = BC (Common)
△BFC ≅△ CEB (by SAS)

BE = CF ...(1)
Similarly in △AVE and △DCA
BE = AD ...(2)
From (1) and (2)
hence, AD = BE = CF Proved.
18. In right triangle AOC,
AC2 = OA2 + OC2 (by pythagoras theorem)

AB2 = AO2 + OB2

AB2 = AC2 - OC2 + OB2 [from (i)]
AB2 = AC2 - OC2 + (OC + BC)2
= AC2 - OC2 + OC2 + BC2 + 2 × OC × BC [Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 + 2⋅ OC⋅ BC
(8)2 = (3)2 + (6)2 + 2 × OC × 6
64 = 9 + 36 + 12 × OC
64 - 45 = 12 × OC
19 = 12 × OC
OC = 19

12

OC = 1 7

12
cm
19. Given that D is the mid-point of side BC.
∴ BD = CD = ...(i)
BC

In right triangle ABD,

AD2 = AB2 + BD2 (by pythagoras theorem)
AB2 = AD2 - BD2 ...(ii)
In right triangle ABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 (by pythagoras theorem) [from (ii)]
= AD2 - CD2 + (2CD)2 [from (i), BD = CD and BC = 2CD]
= AD2 - CD2 + 4CD2
AC2 = AD2 + 3CD2 Hence Proved

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