MET’s Institute of Engineering

Non Credit Course

F.Y. M.E. (Computer) SEM-I 2024-25

Student Name: Kaveri Rajaram Bhosle

Roll No: 01

Seat No:

Subject : Non Credit Course

Topic Name: Advanced Cognitive Computing

Dr. Archana. S. Banait

ME Coordinator /Subject Incharge

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Advanced Cognitive Computing

Introduction:

Cognitive computing, a branch of AI, replicates human-like cognitive functions.

Cognitive computing is a transformative technology designed to emulate human
thought processes in a computerized model. It encompasses artificial intelligence
(AI), machine learning (ML), and advanced computing techniques to create
systems that can interact, understand, and learn from data in a human-like manner.
Cognitive computing is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that aims to create
systems capable of mimicking human-like cognitive functions. The term
“cognitive” refers to processes related to perception, learning, reasoning, and
problem-solving – functions traditionally associated with human intelligence. The
goal of cognitive computing is to develop systems that can understand, interpret,
and respond to complex information like the way humans do. cognitive
computing is to develop computer systems that are capable of tackling complex
problems that usually require human cognition. This involves advanced techniques
like machine learning, neural networks, natural language processing, computer
vision and more.

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Architecture of Cognitive Computing

Cognitive computing is a kind of heterogeneous model that makes the working of
computerized devices wholesome in all aspects making it capable of solving any
and every kind of problem that a human brain, as well as a computer, could
tackle. The architecture of cognitive computing chips has Neurosynaptic cores
that operate in parallel as nodes(neurons) that comprise the processor(cell body),
data bus(axon) and memory(synapse). Such nodes have been assigned specific
weights and are fed with a large amount of data that ultimately interconnect with
each other to perform tasks. These chips keep on analyzing and learning from the
data continuously.

Main Features of Cognitive Computing chips are-

 These work in a clockless event-driven fashion leading to a decrease in energy

consumption and an increase in performance.
 The clockless event-driven fashion here means that unlike traditional
processors where each stage of logic has to be synchronized, in cognitive
computers each stage can be asynchronous where components of logic can run
at different speeds completing the action more quickly.
 Neuroplasticity: Cognitive computing chips are fault-tolerant and do not stop
working if one of the Neurosynaptic cores stops working. The neural net self-
adapts and routes through other cores just like our brain does.

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How does cognitive computing work?

Cognitive computing works through a combination of technologies and processes
that aim to simulate human-like intelligence and decision-making.

Collection: The initial step in cognitive computing involves the gathering of

extensive datasets from various sources, encompassing both structured and
unstructured data like text, images, videos, and sensor readings.

Ingestion: Following this, the acquired data undergoes ingestion into the
cognitive computing system, wherein it is systematically organized, categorized,
and stored in a format conducive to effective analysis.

NLP: A pivotal aspect of this process is Natural Language Processing (NLP), a

fundamental component enabling the system to comprehend and interpret human
language, encompassing both written and spoken communication. NLP
algorithms are employed to process textual data, extracting meaning and
identifying relationships between words and concepts.
Subsequently, cognitive computing heavily relies on Machine Learning
Algorithms to scrutinize and glean insights from the ingested data. Two primary
types of machine learning are employed in this context:
 Supervised Learning, where the system is trained on labeled data associating
inputs with known outputs.
 Unsupervised Learning, where the system identifies patterns and relationships
within the data without predefined labels.

Analysis: This machine learning capability is instrumental in facilitating pattern

recognition within the cognitive system.

Predictions: Through the analysis of patterns, correlations, and trends within the
data, the system gains a comprehensive understanding of complex relationships,
enabling it to make accurate predictions.
This iterative process underscores the dynamic and evolving nature of cognitive
computing, where continuous learning and adaptation are integral to enhancing
system capabilities over time.

Real-World Use Cases of Cognitive Computing

Cognitive computing has found application in various real-world scenarios,
enhancing human decision-making, automating complex tasks, and improving

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overall efficiency. Here are some examples of real-world use cases of cognitive
computing
 IBM Watson for Oncology is used for analyzing medical literature, clinical
trial data, and patient records to recommend personalized treatment options for
cancer patients.
 Cognitive computing systems analyze vast amounts of financial data in real-
time to detect patterns and anomalies, helping financial institutions identify
potential fraudulent activities.
 Most Companies are utilizing cognitive computing to create intelligent virtual
assistants and chatbots that can understand natural language, answer customer
queries, and provide personalized assistance.
 Cognitive systems assist in automating the recruitment process by analyzing
resumes, screening candidates, and even conducting initial interviews,
streamlining the hiring process.

Benefits of Cognitive Computing

 Enhanced Decision Making: Working with extensive data and recognizing
patterns helps elevating decision-making with a data-driven edge.

 Improved Efficiency: Allows organizations to focus on higher-value tasks,

saving time and resources while enhancing overall productivity as it automates
repetitive tasks, streamlining workflows reducing the burden on human
operators.

 Natural Language Understanding: Enables more natural and interactive

communication between humans and machines.

Challenges of Cognitive Computing

 Data Privacy: Cognitive computing relies heavily on data analysis, raising
concerns about the privacy and security of sensitive information.

 Complexity: Implementation of cognition solutions can be complex and may

require significant integration efforts with existing systems.

 Ethical and Bias: Perpetuate biases present in the training data, leading to
unfair or discriminatory outcomes.


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AI and Cognitive
The world today is looking at the integration of artificial intelligence and machine
learning in computers and various devices to solve various complex issues. In
present times many devices use Artificial Neural Networking (ANN) that are
used to mimic the logic the brain works on, to complete some very complicated
tasks. Although ANN is very helpful yet it has a certain limiting point. Such a
scenario has given rise to Cognitive artificial intelligence.
Cognitive artificial intelligence (Cognitive AI) refers to systems that mimic
human thought processes and simulate the way humans learn and interact with
information.
Cognitive Computing is a subset of artificial intelligence, specifically focuses on
replicating human-like cognitive processes and emphasizes applications where
human-machine collaboration is essential. AI, on the other hand, encompasses a
broader set of technologies and techniques that aim to create intelligent systems
capable of performing diverse tasks across various domains.

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Future of Cognitive Computing

The future of cognitive computing holds immense potential for transformative
advancements in various sectors. As technology continues to evolve, cognitive
computing is expected to play a pivotal role in shaping how businesses operate,
how healthcare is delivered, and how individuals interact with digital systems.
The integration of cognitive computing with emerging technologies like 5G, edge
computing, and the Internet of Things (IOT) is likely to enhance real-time
decision-making capabilities, enabling more responsive and intelligent systems.
The evolution of natural language processing (NLP), machine learning
algorithms, and advanced analytics will contribute to more sophisticated
cognitive systems that can understand context, learn from diverse data sources,
and adapt to dynamic environments.
As cognitive computing continues to mature, it is anticipated to become an
integral part of our daily lives, providing personalized and context-aware
solutions across industries, fostering innovation, and contributing to the
development of a more intelligent and interconnected world.

Ethical Considerations of Cognitive Computing

Ethical considerations in cognitive computing are paramount as these
technologies become increasingly integrated into our daily lives. The collection
and analysis of vast amounts of data, often including personal information, raise
concerns about privacy, consent, and the potential for unintended consequences.
 Addressing issues of Bias and Fairness is crucial, as cognitive systems can
inherit and perpetuate biases present in training data, leading to discriminatory
outcomes.
 Transparency and Explainability are ethical imperatives, especially in
applications where decision-making impacts individuals or communities.
Striking a balance between technological innovation and safeguarding human
rights, these ethical considerations underscore the need for ongoing dialogue and
collaboration among technologists, policymakers, and the broader public to
ensure that cognitive computing advances align with societal values and
contribute positively to the well-being of individuals and communities.

Conclusion
As cognitive computing matures, its integration with emerging technologies and
ethical considerations will shape a transformative future, offering personalized
solutions across industries while addressing societal values and concerns.

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