SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A Project Report On

“Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and

G+4 Buildings in Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering
Software”

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Degree of

MASTERS OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

SHAIK ABDUL RASHEED (R22TB015)

Under the Guidance of

Professor Sanjay Raj A

School of Civil Engineering

SEP 2023

Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli , Yelahanka,

Bengaluru 560064

www.reva.edu.in
 SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A Project Report on

“Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3

and G+4 Buildings in Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil
Engineering Software”

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

of

MASTERS OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted By

SHAIK ABDUL RASHEED (R22TB015)

Under the guidance of

Professor Sanjay Raj A

School of Civil Engineering

SEPT 2023

Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064

www.reva.edu.in
 SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Project work entitled “Cost Analysis, Design,
Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in Virtual
Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software”

carried out by SHAIK ABDUL RASHEED (R22TB015) during the academic year 2021-22, have
submitted the Project report in partial fulfillment for the award of Master of Technology in Civil
Engineering during the academic year 2022-23. The Project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the said degree.

Signature with Date Signature with Date

Prof. Sanjay Raj A Mrs. BHAVANA B

Professor Director
School of Civil Engineering School of Civil Engineering

EXAMINERS

Name of Examiner with Affiliation Signature with Date

 DECLARATION

I am student of M.Tech in Civil Engineering, REVA Univeresity, declare that this dissertation work
entitled “Cost Analysis, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in Virtual Reality
using a set of Civil Engineering Software”

is the result of dissertation work done under the supervision of Prof. Sanjaya Raj A, School of
Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru.

I am submitting this Dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Master of Technology in Civil Engineering by the REVA University, Bangalore during
the academic year 2022-23.

I am further declare that this dissertation report or any part of it has not been submitted for the award
of any other Degree/ Diploma of this University or any other University/ Institution.

Certified that this Dissertation work submitted has been carried out under our guidance and the
declaration made by the candidate is true to the best of our knowledge.

Signature of Guide Signature of Director of school

Date: Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the people who helped it making it possible whose constant
guidance and encouragement crowned our effort with success.

We take this opportunity to thank Dr. P. SHYAMA RAJU, Chancellor of REVA University
for providing us with all the facilities that lead to the successful completion of our project.

We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. M. DHANAMJAYA, Vice-Chancellor of REVA

University for his support and encouragement,

We wish to place on record our thanks to Mrs. Bhavana B, Director, School of Civil Engineering,
REVA University, Bengaluru for providing encouragement and valuable suggestions.

We would like to thank Mr. Sanjay Raj A, Professor, School of Civil Engineering, andP all the
teaching and non-teaching staff, School of Civil Engineering for periodic inspection, time to time
evaluation, and helping us with proper guidelines, encouragement, and valuable suggestions to
carry out this project work.
 ABSTRACT

In recent years, rapid growth in technology is reshaping the world but Civil Engineering cost
estimates, drafting and modeling of structural models are still confined to charts and mini-
drafters. Nevertheless, with immersive technology design, designers, engineers, and builders can
mold CAD drawing into Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality which not only
reduces the complexity of understanding data but also aids in achieving cost regulation of
structures consequently increases sustainable development in construction and environmental
safety.
The objective of this research work is to prove that employing a small set of Civil
Engineering software not only makes works simple and easy but also increases the
efficiency in planning, analysis, designing, and modeling of any structure. On the whole,
this thesis contemplates a G+4 and G+3 buildings and maneuvers between a set of
universally accepted Civil Engineering software such as AutoCAD, Revit Architecture,
STAAD.Pro, ETABS, M.S. Project and Enscape to draft plan using Indian Standard
structural by-laws, Model the exterior and interior structural elements, Analyze, Design,
Examine Cost of G+4 and G+3 buildings while visualizing the same in Virtual Reality
respectively. On the flip side, STAAD.Pro analysis and designs were compared with
ETABS designs forged using Indian Standard Codes to secure a conclusion that evincing
and endorsing the finest among both the computerized analysis and design of the building.
In addition to that, economic estimation, project scheduling, and workflow were affirmed
based on Standard Schedule of rates and the latest market price of labor and material as of
today.
Keywords: AutoCAD, Revit Architecture, Enscape, STAAD.Pro, ETABS, Virtual Reality,
Cost Estimation, MS Project, Construction Work flow, Project Management, Interior
Modeling, Exterior Modeling, Manual Design of RCCS members.

iv
 CONTENTS

CONTENT DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Contents v
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 SOFTWARE USED 2
1.2.1 AutoCAD 2
1.2.2 STAAD.Pro 2
1.2.3 ETABS 2
1.2.4 Revit Architecture 3
1.2.5 MS Project 3
1.2.6 Enscape 3
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 5
3. METHODOLOGY 8
3.1 AutoCAD PLANNING 8
3.2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.Pro 13
3.2.1 Model Generation in STAAD.Pro 16
3.2.2 Loads and Definitions 17
3.2.3 Frame Loads 20
3.2.4 Footing Design 21
3.3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING ETABS 22
3.3.1 Model Generation in ETABS 23
3.3.2 Defining Properties 24
3.3.3 Assigning Properties 26
3.3.4 Assigning Loads 27
3.3.5 Analysis 30
3.3.6 Design 31

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 3.4 MODELLING IN REVIT ARCHITECTURE 32
3.4.1 Model Generation 32
3.4.2 Elevation and 3D Views 36
3.4.3 Site Provision 38
3.5 VISUALIZATION IN VIRTUAL REALITY 38
3.5.1 Rendering Software/ Plug-ins 39
3.5.2 Why Enscape 39
3.5.3 VR in Enscape 39
3.6 MS PROJECT 41
3.7 ESTIMATION 53
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 65
4.1 DESIGN RESULTS 65
4.1.1 Shear Force Diagram 65
4.1.2 Bending Moment Diagram 67
4.1.3 Displacement Diagram 69
4.2 DESIGN COMPARISON 71
4.2.1 Comparison of Conventional and Hybrid Structu res 71
4.2.2 STAAD.Pro and ETABS Comparison 74
4.3 COST COMPARISON 75
4.3.1 Duplex and G+3 Building Comparison 75
4.3.2 SSR Based Estimation Vs MS Project Generated Esti tion 75
5. CONCLUSION 77
REFERENCES 79
APPENDIXES 1
APPENDIX-1 STAAD.Pro Program Code G+3 1
APPENDIX-2 STAAD.Pro Program Code Duplex 5

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

3.1 AutoCAD Drafting for G+3 Residential Building 8
3.2 AutoCAD Drafting for Duplex Model (Base Floor) 9
3.3 AutoCAD Drafting for Duplex Model (Top Floor) 9
3.4 G+3 Residential Building Electrical Layout 10
3.5 Duplex Base Floor Electrical Layout 10
3.6 Duplex Top Floor Electrical Layout 11
3.7 G+3 building Plumbing Layout 11
3.8 Duplex Base Floor Plumbing Layout 12
3.9 Duplex Top Floor Plumbing Layout 12
3.10 L-Shaped Shear Wall 13
3.11 Shear Wall at Periphery 13
3.12 Cross Type Shear Wall 14
3.13 3D RCC frame of G+3 building in STAAD.Pro 14
3.14 3D RCC frame of G+4 Duplex model in STAAD.Pro 15
3.15 Hybrid Structure 16
3.16 Modelling Interface in STAAD.Pro 17
3.17 Providing Fixed Support 17
3.18 Generation of Seismic parameters 18
3.19 Seismic Load definition 18
3.20 Wind Load definition and Intensities of wind on
cumulative heights 19
3.21 Load Case Details 20
3.22 RCC design of a beam 21
3.23 Load Cases inclusion to Run STAAD.foundation 21
3.24 STAAD.foundation User Interface 22
3.25 ETABS user interface 22
3.26 ETABS Model Initialization 23
3.27 Grid Data Editing 23
3.28 G+3 Residential Structure in ETABS 24
3.29 G+4 Duplex Structure in ETABS 24
3.30 Defining material properties 25
3.31 Defining frame properties 25
3.32 Defining slab properties 26
3.33 Defining Diaphragm 26
3.34 Assigning Beam, Column and Slab properties 27
3.35 Define load patterns 28
3.36 Shell loads for slab 28
3.37 Define load combinations 29
3.38 Dialogue box for load combinations for design 29
3.39 Check model dialogue box 30
3.40 Deformation in model after Analysis 31
3.41 3D Structure after design 31
3.42 Predefined Report making 32
3.43 Revit Architecture Interface 33
3.44 G+3 Residential building 2D model in Revit 34
Architecture

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3.45 Duplex 1st floor 2D model in Revit Architecture 34
3.46 Duplex 2nd floor 2D model in Revit Architecture 35
3.47 Project Browser 35
3.48 Properties Tab 35
3.49 Ribbon Tools 36
3.50 Path to create extrusions 36
3.51 G+3 Residential Building Elevation 36
3.52 Duplex Elevation 37
3.53 Rendered 3D view of G+3 Residential building 37
3.54 Rendered view of Duplex Building 38
3.55 Massing and Site window 38
3.56 Highlighted VR Headset icon at top right corner 40
3.57 Highlighted Mono Panorama icon 40
3.58 Highlighted Video Editor icon 41
4.1 Shear Force Diagram of G+3 building in STAAD.Pro
by applying load combinations 65
4.2 Shear Force Diagram of Duplex building in STAAD.Pro
by applying load combinations 66
4.3 Bending Moment Diagram of G+3 building in
STAAD.Pro by applying load combinations 67
4.4 Bending Moment Diagram of Duplex building in
STAAD.Pro by applying load combinations 68
4.5 Displacement Diagram of G+3 building in STAAD.Pro
by applying load combinations 69
4.6 Displacement Diagram of Duplex building in
STAAD.Pro by applying load combinations 70
4.7 SFD for single frame of Conventional Structure 71
4.8 SFD for single frame of Hybrid Structure 71
4.9 BMD for single frame of Conventional Structure 72
4.10 SFD for single frame of Hybrid Structure 72
4.11 Displacement for single frame of Conventional 73
Structure
4.12 Displacement for single frame of Hybrid Structure 73

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

3.1 G+3 Building Task Sheet in MS Project 41

3.2 G+3 Building and Duplex Resource Sheet in MS 46
Project
3.3 Duplex Task Sheet in MS Project 48
3.4 Estimation of G+3 Building using SSR 53
3.5 Estimation of Duplex Building using SSR 60
4.1 Comparison of SFD, BMD and Displacement of 74
Conventional and Hybrid Structures
4.2 Comparison of Area of Steel from STAAD.Pro and 74
ETABS
4.3 Cost comparison of G+3 and Duplex Buildings 75
4.4 Cost comparison of G+3 and Duplex Building 75
Estimation by SSR and MS Project

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 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

. CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION

Structural design of buildings for different loads is primarily concerned with structural
safety during major ground motions, but serviceability and the potential for economic loss
are also of concern. In recent years, rapid growth in technology is reshaping the world but
Civil Engineering cost estimates, drafting and modeling of structural models are still
confined to charts and mini drafters. Nevertheless, with immersive technology design,
designers, engineers, and builders can mold CAD drawing into Virtual Reality, Augmented
Reality, and Mixed Reality which not only reduces the complexity of understanding data
but also aids in achieving cost regulation of structures consequently increases sustainable
development in construction and environmental safety.
The layout of the proposed G+3, G+4 individual buildings are based on a Plot size
of 30’x 50’ is drafted in the AutoCAD. The Analysis and Design of the entire structure has
been completed using STAAD.Pro. The design includes the various forces (seismic load,
dead load, live load, wind load) acting on the various members as well. On the other side
STAAD.Pro analysis and designs were compared with ETABS designs forged using Indian
Standard Codes to secure a conclusion that evincing and endorsing the finest among both
manual and computerized analysis and design of the building. The foundation has been
designed using soil conditions replicating the site location as Tirupati. Simultaneously, this
plan is modelled in the Revit Architecture.
Microsoft Project has been used for planning and estimating the various activities
that surround the construction of a building. Using Microsoft Project, we were able to
formulate a working schedule and progress bar for constant monitoring of the project. By
using Microsoft project, we were able to assign various resources aswell as responsibilities
on various people related to various stages of the project thereby increasing accountability.
The duration of the project has been calculated using Microsoft Project. The progress and
relationship between various activities has also shown in the form of an animated Gantt
chart. This chart also helps the project manager to explain to his clients the various aspects
as well as the progress of the project. The cost estimation of the building is estimated
manually by considering Standard Schedule of Rates (SSR).

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The plan was drafted in the Unity using Indian Standard structural by-laws, Model
the exterior and interior structural elements, Analyze, Design, Examine G+4 and G+3
buildings while visualizing the same in Virtual Reality respectively.
1.2 SOFTWARE USED

1.2.1 AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a commercial computer aided design and drafting software application.
Developed by Autodesk and was first released in December 1983 as a desktop app on
microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Before introduction of AutoCAD
commercial CAD drawings are ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each
operator working at a separate graphics terminal.
1.2.2 STAAD.Pro
STAAD.Pro is a structural analysis and design software application originally developed
by Research Engineers International in 1997. In late 2005, Research Engineers
International was bought by Bentley Systems. STAAD.Pro is one of the most widely
used structural analysis and design software products worldwide. It supports over 90
international steel, concrete, timber & aluminum design codes. It canmake use of various
forms of analysis from the traditional static analysis to morerecent analysis methods like
p-delta analysis, geometric non-linear analysis, Pushover analysis (Static-Non-Linear
Analysis) or a buckling analysis. It can also make use of various forms of dynamic
analysis methods from time history analysis to responsespectrum analysis. The response
spectrum analysis feature is supported for both userdefined spectra as well as a number
of international code specified spectra. Additionally, STAAD.Pro is interoperable with
applications such as RAM Connection, AutoPIPE, SACS and many more engineering
design and analysis applications to further improve collaboration between the different
disciplines involved in a project. STAAD can be used for analysis and design of all
types ofstructural projects from plants, buildings, and bridges to towers, tunnels, metro
stations, water/waste water treatment plants and more.
1.2.3 ETABS
ETABS- Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems is a product of CSI (Computers and
Structures Inc). It is an engineering software that is used in construction. It has efficient
structure analysis and design programs developed for catering to multi-story building
systems. It is loaded with an integrated system consisting of modelling tools

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and templated, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and solutiontechniques. It
can handle the largest and most complex building models and
associated configurations. ETABS software is embedded with CAD-like drawingtools with
an object-based interface and grid representation.
For nearly 30 years ETABS software has been recognized worldwide as the
industry-standard software for the design and analysis of buildings.
1.2.4 Revit Architecture
Revit Architecture is a building information modelling software for architects, landscape
architects, structural engineers, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) engineers,
designers and contractors. The original software was developed by Charles River Software,
founded in 1997, renamed Revit Technology Corporation in 2000, and acquired by
Autodesk in 2002. The software allows users to design a building and structure and its
components in 3D, annotate the model with 2D drafting elements, and access building
information from the building model's database. Revit is 4D building information
modeling capable with tools to plan and track various stages in the building's life cycle,
from concept to construction and later maintenance and/or demolition.
1.2.5 MS Project
Microsoft Project is a project management software product, developed by Microsoft. It is
designed to assist a project manager in developing a schedule, assigning resources to tasks,
tracking progress, managing the budget and analyzing workloads. It has become dominant
PC based project management software. It is a part of the Microsoft Office family but has
never been included in any of the office suites. It is currently available in two editions,
Standard and professional. It is an EPM (Enterprise Project Management) product.
1.2.6 Enscape
Enscape is a commercial real-time rendering and Virtual Reality plugin. It is mainly used in
the architecture and construction fields and is developed and maintained by Enscape
GmbH, founded in 2013 and based in Karlsruhe, Germany with a n office in New York,
USA.
Enscape has a BIM information plane that opens within the Enscape window itself
and allows easy selection and inspection of all the BIM information within a project. This
Plug-in feature is now available in the full version of Enscape for Revit and ArchiCAD. All
BIM information are listed and categorized according to how it was entered in the
CAD. The information is not editable in Enscape window anyalterations required are to
be performed within the CAD Software that we are using with Enscape.

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 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
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. CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Bahador. B. et al., (2012) observed the displacement obtained by static analysis are higher
than the dynamic analysis. Static analysis is not sufficient for high rise building and it is
necessary to provide dynamic analysis.
Rasikan. A, Rajendran. M.G (2013) presented the study and comparison of the difference
of wind behavior of the buildings with and without Shear Walls. It is concluded that
displacement for a 15-storey building with shear wall is 20.18% less than the 15-storey
building without a shear wall and displacement for a 20-storey building with shear wall is
14.6% less than the 20-storey building without a shearwall.
Raju. K.R. et al., (2013) adopted Limit State Method of analysis and design, 3B+G+40
story reinforced concrete high-rise building under wind and seismic loads were analyzed
using STAAD.Pro and concluded that wind and earthquake sensitive and the roof
displacement and inter-story drifts due to wind and earthquake exceeding the limits
prescribed, involve an increase in structural material to resist lateral loads in high rise
buildings.
Sharma. M, Maru. S (2014) results obtained by the dynamic analysis are higher than the
results obtained by the static analysis for the same points and conditions.
Thakur. A, Singh. A (2014) concluded that the building with shear wall at corner is more
efficient than all other types of shear wall.
Harne. V.R (2014) lateral deflection of column for building with Shear walls at corner is
reduced as compared other patterns.
Mahesh. S, Rao. B.P (2014) on comparing both STAAD.Pro and ETABS software
STAAD.Pro gives more values for reinforcement percentage.
Sulthan. MR, Peera. D.G (2015) Buildings with irregularity is vulnerable to earthquake
damages.
Soni. P. et al., (2016) It concludes that structure with shear wall is generated less values of
von- misses stress and deformation.
Kulkarni. T. et al., (2016) Top beam requires more reinforcement in Static Load
Combination compared to that of Dynamic Load Combination. Lower beam requires

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more reinforcement in Dynamic Load Combination compared to that of Static Load

Combination.
Deshmukh. DR. et al., (2016) Adopting Limit State Approach for design conforming to
Indian Standard codes of practice. It is concluded that STAAD.Pro has the capability to
calculate the reinforcement needed for any concrete section.
Gupta. V. et al., (2016) The advent of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and
Geographic Information System (GIS) has most certainly taken 3D Modelling a step further
in the approach.
Panchal. A, Dwivedi. R (2017) steel percentage, maximum bending moment, maximum
shear force and maximum displacement variations are drastically higher from Zone II to
Zone V.
Abhinav. V. et al., (2017) lateral deflection for structure with Type-II shear wall is reduced
as in comparison to other models.
Harle. SM (2017) The structure is analyzed and designed in STAAD.Pro. The maximum
bending moment and maximum shear force of columns, beams and slabs are programmed
in MATLAB software.
Jaya Krishna. T. et al., (2017) lateral displacement is less in regular model compared to
irregular model. Almost base shear is same in both regular and irregular models.
Kokate. P.B, Darade. M (2018) The main aim of this research is to calculate the pre-
construction cost of residential building using elemental method of estimation and quantity
require for construction is done with the help of AutoCAD drawings.
Vasilieva. N (2018) For beginning designers and construction students AutoCAD allows to
successes fully solve complex problems using parametric modelling with progressive
methods of work in AutoCAD while developing the graphic part of architectural and
construction project, this project will speed up the implementation ofall design process.
Kumar. T.D. et al., (2019) This project is designed by considering limit state method
conforming to Indian Standard Code of practice in STAAD.Pro the analysis and design is
done by considering different load calculations.
Rakesh. E (2019) Revit gives exact vision via design, construction, and documentation.
Autodesk Revit architecture is useful to make more informed buildingdesigns, decision to
support sustainable design, construction, planning and fabrication

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installation. Revit architecture will give clear picture of building, excellent visualization
by using V-Ray software that is made for rendering purpose.
Kavya. HK (2020) The design of the residential building is done by manually,STAAD.Pro
and ETABS. The comparison between STAAD.Pro, ETABS and manual design,
reinforcement required is uneconomical in STAAD.Pro when compared with ETABS and
manual designs.
Agashe. R (2020) Comparison of manual calculation and STAAD.Pro software analysis is
same, but design is different using STAAD analysis and design of multi storey buildings
has completed quickly and easier than manual calculation.
Surendra. K (2020) STAAD.Pro and ETABS software’s gives almost same result. These
are the perfect software adopted for analysis. Usage of STAAD.Pro and ETABS software’s
minimizes the time required for analysis and design.

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. CHAPTER-3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 AutoCAD PLANNING

It is the basic requirement for a Civil Engineer to provide options to his clients. In general
consultancies provide two or more different plans for provided site. So, we Civil Engineers
have to fulfil their requirement within budget constraints.
Plans are prepared by following Andhra Pradesh building Bye-Laws
G.O.Ms.No.119. Providing proper setbacks, spacious parking at ground floor and good
amount of ventilation to the building users. By-layer properties for the AutoCAD Drawings
are also taken from the Andhra Pradesh Building Bye-Laws. Building plans are to
accommodate 4-6 person in the given 30’*50’ land. Allowing setbacks 26’*36’ is
considered as the built-up/ plinth area.
Figures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 represents building plans for G+3 and Duplex buildings.
Figures 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 represent the electrical layouts for 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 respectively.
Figures 3.7, 3.8, 3.9 represents the plumbing layouts for 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 respectively.

Fig. 3.1. AutoCAD Drafting for G+3 Residential Building

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Fig. 3.2. AutoCAD Drafting for Duplex Model (Base Floor)

Fig. 3.3. AutoCAD Drafting for Duplex Model (Top Floor)

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Fig. 3.4. G+3 Residential Building Electrical Layout

Fig. 3.5. Duplex Base Floor Electrical Layout

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Fig. 3.6. Duplex Top Floor Electrical Layout

Fig. 3.7. G+3 building Plumbing Layout

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Fig. 3.8. Duplex Base Floor Plumbing Layout

Fig. 3.9. Duplex Top Floor Plumbing Layout

NOTE: Green lines represents pipes carrying fresh water from tank. Brown lines
represents waste water carrying pipes.

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. 3.2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD.Pro

Analysis and Design is carried for both conventional and hybrid structures (Shear Wall).
Conventional Structure:
It is a framed structure designed with columns and beams as structural elements. This is a
traditional method of construction and the construction knowledge is passed from one
generation to other using reinforced cement concrete with columns, beams and slabs. In the
conventional framed structure though the brick masonry is not designed to counter the
gravity or seismic loads, they behave as shock absorbers to a certain extent and facilitate un
energy dissipation during seismic activities as well as contributes for strength of the
structure under gravity loads up to some extent.
Hybrid Structure:
This structure is a combination of framed and shear wall structure. This includes structural
elements of columns and beams with shear wall panels at places to provide required
stiffness to the structure. In this system RCC frames like columns and beams are braced
with reinforced concrete walls. The main reason for bracing a shear wall with reinforced
concrete frames are to counter the effects of lateral loads (wind or earthquake) acting on the
structure.
For the Hybrid structures Shear Walls are installed in three different ways
1. At the Corners as L-Shaped Walls
2. Along some portion of the Periphery
3. At the center as Cross type Shear Wall

Fig. 3.10. L-Shaped Shear Wall Fig. 3.11. Shear Wall at Periphery

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Fig. 3.12. Cross Type Shear Wall

STAAD.Pro Structural Models

Fig. 3.13. 3D RCC frame of G+3 building in STAAD.Pro

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Fig. 3.14. 3D RCC frame of G+4 Duplex model in STAAD.Pro

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Fig. 3.15. Hybrid Structure

Figures 3.13, 3.14, 3.15 represents the STAAD.Pro models for G+3 Conventional, Duplex
(G+4) and G+3 Hybrid structures.

3.2.1 Model Generation in STAAD.Pro:

For generating a RCC model in STAAD.Pro open the structure wizard and create a bay
frame of required dimensions providing required column alignment. Then providegeometry
for all the members of the structure from General→Properties→Define beam and column
dimensions as well as slab thickness and plate thickness (only for Hybrid Structure). Assign
the properties for the designated members. Generated model is shown as figure 3.16.

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Fig. 3.16. Modelling Interface in STAAD.Pro

At the next step provide supports at the base of the structure. Create the fixed type
of support from General→Supports→Create→Fixed Support and assign the supports at
required base nodes. Figure 3.17 shows the structure assigned with fixed supports.

Fig. 3.17. Providing Fixed Support

3.2.2 Loads and Definitions:

Firstly, we have to provide the Seismic definition as the primary loading condition forany
structure. Despite doing that STAAD.Pro error is obtained. Seismic loads are included
following Indian Standard codes IS 1893 – 2002. The seismic parameters to be included are
as generated based on the zone that the structure is to be constructed, type of structure and
soil. Seismic load generation is shown in figure 3.18.

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Fig. 3.18. Generation of Seismic parameters

Fig. 3.19. Seismic Load definition

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. Then provide the wind load definition for the structures exceeding the height of
10m. Structures that we provided are above 10m say G+3 building is 12.2m and
G+4 Duplex building is 15.24m respectively. Wind load calculations are unique for each
building based on its dimensions. They are calculated using Indian Standard Code IS
875 – Part 3. Building height, life span, design wind speed, number of columns, wind
pressure, wind load are key aspects in defining the wind load for a structure. Wind load
intensities for the designed structure is shown in figure 3.20.

Fig. 3.20. Wind Load definition and Intensities of wind on cumulative heights

Also provide dead load and live load for the structure which includes the self-
weight of the structure, exterior and interior wall loads and load combinations.
Load combinations are Auto-Generated in STAAD.Pro with the type of load that we
have provided. 17 load combinations are generated for the provided seismic, wind, dead and
live loads. Load combinations are included as similar to addition of a load case like seismic,
wind, dead or live load. Load combination category is includedas General Structures.

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Fig. 3.21. Load Case Details

Assigning the loads on respective positions we need to analyze the structurefor

checking whether the structure is stable enough to bear the loads or not. Next to Analysis
we need to enter to the post processing mode in the STAAD.Pro software to find the results
say Reactions at supports, Deflections, Shear Force and Bending moment. Reactions at the
plates can also be observed at plates in the post processing mode.

3.2.3 Frame Design:

For designing a structure in STAAD.Pro we can select and define few parameters like
Compressive Strength of the Concrete, Yield Strength of the Steel Reinforcement,
Maximum and Minimum Sizes of Main and Secondary Reinforcement to be used etc.
Heading with the commands design beam, design column, design element and takeoff
we can get the complete details of the concrete and the reinforcement. STAAD.Pro
provides the best possible design for a structure with in limited period of time and great
accuracy. Concrete take-off provides the total concrete required for the structure to be
constructed.

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Design details are obtained as figure 3.22

Fig. 3.22. RCC design of a beam

3.2.4 Footing Design

After successful completion of Concrete Frame Design, footing design is carried out in
STAAD.foundation including all the load cases considered in the present project as shown
in figure 3.23 and Run STAAD.foundation.

Fig. 3.23. Load Cases inclusion to Run STAAD.foundation

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Fig. 3.24. STAAD.foundation User Interface

Initially we need to create a job in STAAD.foundation providing job name, type of

footing required, design code, units and load cases. Adding all the design parameters we
need to analyze and design the footings. If the provided parameters are feasible for
constructing a footing the calculation sheet is obtained providing all the details regarding
the footings. Else we find an error message. Successful design of footing gives the detail
and schedule drawings of the footings.

3.3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING ETABS

ETABS is a universally accepted analysis and design software. The convincing point to
work on ETABS is that, it provides 3d and 2d visualization simultaneously at same screen
at an instance as shown in figures 3.28 and 3.29.

Fig. 3.25. ETABS user interface

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. 3.3.1 Model Generation in ETABS

Clicking on New model a model initialization dialogue box appears as figure 3.26. Here we
use Built-in settings to set the project with Indian Standard codes and Metric units.

Fig. 3.26 ETABS Model Initialization

On the next step, different templates are obtained for providing structural
dimensions. We mostly prefer the grid only using custom grid spacing shown in figure
3.27 to provide structural dimension s for regular structures.

Fig. 3.27. Grid Data Editing

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. With this feature, ununiform grid lines are spaced in ordinates system or
spacing system for both plan and story.

Fig. 3.28. G+3 Residential Structure in ETABS

Fig. 3.29. G+4 Duplex Structure in ETABS

3.3.2 Defining Properties

Select define in the tool bar and click on material properties. Add new materials as M25 for
concrete and HYSD415 for Fe415 steel. Clicking on modify/show material set the required
parameters for the particular material.

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Fig. 3.30. Defining material properties

After defining materials, select define→ section properties→ Frame sections.

Dialogue box representing frame properties is opened and add new properties for beams and
columns.

Fig. 3.31. Defining frame properties

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Next from section properties click on slab sections and add new material andmodify as
for our requirement. Similarly add Diaphragms to get the slab load concentrated at one
position for the purpose of wind and seismic load.

Fig. 3.32. Defining slab properties

Fig. 3.33. Defining Diaphragm

3.3.3 Assigning Properties

At the left-hand side tool bar, we will find quick draw beams, quick draw columns and
quick draw floor or wall as shown in figure 3.34. Using these commands, we can

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. drag the cursor to assign the properties to the structure. Unlike STAAD.Pro ETABS
recognizes the vertical elements as columns.

Fig. 3.34. Assigning Beam, Column and Slab properties

In the properties of object dialogue box change the property into materials that we
have defined earlier and simply drag the cursor over the structure to assign the properties to
the structure. Or click on assign in tool bar and click on frame→ section property and assign
the properties to their designated element.
Click on assign in tool bar→ joint→ restraints. Add fixed support at the ground
floor confining only up to one story at bottom of the right hand side.

3.3.4 Assigning loads

For assigning loads go to assign→ frame loads→ distributed loads and add the load
values for both dead load and live load, changing the load pattern name, direction of

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. application and apply the loads. For these live loads and dead loads we have to drag the
cursor over the elements in order to apply correct loads at correct places, replacing
one load with other, as exterior and interior walls impart different magnitudes of loadson a
structure.
Go to define in tool bar and click on load pattern to add seismic and wind loads as
shown in figure 3.35. Wind load and Seismic load get assigned to the whole structure.

Fig. 3.35. Define load patterns

Fig. 3.36. Shell loads for slab

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Fig. 3.37. Define load combinations

Here click on add default design combos, a dialogue box for combination opens as
figure 3.38, there check concrete frame design, concrete slab design and convert to user
combinations and click ok.

Fig. 3.38. Dialogue box for load combinations for design

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. 3.3.5 Analysis

Go to analyze on the tool bar and first check the model for any warning messages that are
being generated. In check model dialogue box as shown in figure 3.39 click on select all
and ok. When a no warning messages are generated, we can further continue with the run
analysis.

Fig. 3.39. Check model dialogue box

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. After the run analysis, 3D structure is represented in staggered manner as below

figure 3.40 representing the deformation due to the provided loading.

Fig. 3.40. Deformation in model after Analysis

3.3.6 Design

Go to design in tool bar and click on concrete frame design and start the design check.Later
check whether all the members have passed the design check or not. If all the members
passed the design whole design is completed. If not, we need to check the failed member
and change the dimensions of that particular member and run the design check again, until
all the members are passed.

Fig. 3.41. 3D Structure after design

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. Once the design is done 3D model is represented as shown in the figure 3.42. Also,we
need to design the slab separately. Go to design→ concrete slab design→ start
design. That ends the complete design of the structure. Also, ETABS providespredefined
report for the structure that is being designed.

Fig. 3.42. Predefined Report making

Go to file→ create report→ and select the kind of report that we need from the above
available 3 formats of reports.

3.4 MODELLING IN REVIT ARCHITECTURE

With the advancement in the modern technology not only our horizon has widened but it
also has made us utilize the 3D world effectively. The current era of technology has seen a
paradigm shift from 2D to 3D and 4D modelling. The concept of 3D modeling is to
represent a 2D area into 3D space. With the effective use of 3D modelling one can visualize
the finished product with all its functional elements even before the construction has starts.

3.4.1 Model Generation

Revit model can be generated in two ways.

1. Importing AutoCAD file to Revit and incorporating height data.
2. Generating 3D model within Revit Architecture.

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. Steps to be followed to generate a 3D model in Revit

• Generation of 2D model
• Preparation of block model by incorporating height data
• Preparation of differentiated roof structures and textures
• Generation of detailed Architectural Model
• Generation of fully functional model by furnishing the interiors

For the purpose of 3D modelling, basically we generate 2D floor plans of the facility
and incorporate the height data. Here in Revit Architecture heights of floors are
represented with levels. Providing the height data, we generate a Basic Three- Dimensional
model. To this Basic Three-Dimensional model, we can add necessary details like texture,
doors, windows and staircase to generate Differentiated Texture model. By adding
components like beds, sofas, wash basins, chairs, etc., we can generate the final complete
functional model of the facility.

Fig. 3.43. Revit Architecture Interface

Here in Revit Architecture under projects we have different templates for model
creation as shown in figure 3.43. We here have used the construction template and
generated both the G+3 and Duplex models. Family templates are used to work on family
components like lightings, parametric components etc.

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Fig. 3.44. G+3 Residential building 2D model in Revit Architecture

Fig. 3.45. Duplex 1st floor 2D model in Revit Architecture

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Fig. 3.46. Duplex 2nd floor 2D model in Revit Architecture

All the components are added using ribbon tools, details regarding project are
provided in project browser and properties of components are provided in the properties
box, where elemental characteristics can be viewed modified.

Fig. 3.47. Project Browser Fig. 3.48. Properties Tab

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Fig. 3.49. Ribbon Tools

General structures can be modelled using the system provided ribbon tools. Clicking
on the components icon all the family components are installed into the project. For few
interior components to be installed into the project we have to use theModel-in-place ribbon
in order to create extrusions and void extrusions. These extrusions are mostly used to set a
plane for TV cabinets, Kitchen cabinets, Cupboards in bedrooms, false ceiling works etc.,
also the wall extrusions are used to model the elevation of the structures.

Fig. 3.50. Path to create extrusions

3.4.2 Elevation and 3D Views

Fig. 3.51. G+3 Residential Building Elevation

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Fig. 3.52. Duplex Elevation

In elevations we have views from all four directions. Initially only level 1 and level 2 are
present in a Revit project file. These elevation views help us to add levels to form number
of floors over level 2. Similarly, we do have sectional and camera views.

Fig. 3.53. Rendered 3D view of G+3 Residential building

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Fig. 3.54. Rendered view of Duplex Building

These rendered views from figures 3.53 & 3.54 are generated by Native Rendering
the models within Revit Architecture. Better views are provided with plug- ins like V-ray,
Lumion, Enscape, Twinmotion and Cloud Rendering.

3.4.3 Site Provision

Fig. 3.55. Massing and Site window

Massing and site window is used to provide topography, site components, roads etc., for the
model. Topography, site components and few other features are available within the
massing and site ribbon tool, for providing road we have to split the site area that is to be
occupied by road and provide asphalt material over the region.

3.5 VISUALIZATION IN VIRTUAL REALITY

Before entering into Virtual Reality, a good quality rendered walkthrough of the structure is
very important to view all the elements inside a structure. Our modelling software comes up
a set of rendering software/ plug-ins that does provide videos which make a visual treat to
those to watch them.

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. 3.5.1 Rendering Software/ Plug-ins

Blender Maxwell
Octane Render
Autodesk Revit
Cinema 4D Lumion
3D Viz Render
Punch Home Design StudioV-
ray
Enscape Corona
RenderShapespark
Among this set of plug-ins, we need one powerful plug-in that satisfies our need
with less efforts. Some among them require high set of skills to master, some lack in
features, some rather have steep price tag, low render speed and quality etc.,

3.5.2 Why Enscape

Enscape is a commercial real-time rendering and VR plugin. It is mainly used in the

architecture and construction fields. Enscape has BIM information plane that opens within
its window and allows easy selection and inspection of all the BIM informationwithin the
project. This plug-un feature is now available in full version of Enscape for Revit and
ArchiCAD. Any alterations required are to be performed within the CAD software that we
using with Enscape.
Also, they provide gorgeous sky without any need for photoshop, Great looking
entourage, sharp colors. Global illumination and shaded side exposures are brilliant, better
reflections and easy to use User Interface.

3.5.3 VR in Enscape

Visualization of a structure in Virtual Reality in Enscape is as simple as we open an

application in our mobile. But need a setup to be installed earlier. Depending on the kind of
VR headset we use installation procedure changes. Post installation we can

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. just click our cursor at VR headset option as shown in figure 3.56 on the Enscape
window to visualize the building.

Fig. 3.56. Highlighted VR Headset icon at top right corner

For visualizing VR in smartphone, we have stereo panorama optionhighlighted in

figure 3.57. By exporting the panorama, we can visualize the structure in Virtual Reality in
smartphones.

Fig. 3.57. Highlighted Stereo Panorama icon

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. Similarly for creating a rendered video, we have video editor option. Wherewe
can provide video path of our interest and quality can also be varied based on
requirements. Keyframes are the positions that help to create the video path. Videocan
be rendered in required time stamp, focal point and field of view for providing real handy
cam feeling to the viewer.

Fig. 3.58. Highlighted Video Editor icon

3.6 MS PROJECT

MS Project is that one project management software that is in use all over the world for its
ease in working. Project management software helps project manager to develop a
schedule, assign resources to tasks, process tracking, budget management and to analyze the
workloads.
Resources are assigned to tasks based on the requirement and also influenced by
manual estimation as preferred number of days for certain work are brought over.

Table. 3.1. G+3 Building Task Sheet in MS Project

ID Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Cost

1 Start Project 0d Thu 01-07-21 Thu 01-07-21 ₹ 5,513,600.00
General
2 9d Thu 01-07-21 Fri 09-07-21 1 ₹ 80,000.00
Conditions
3 Finalize 5d Thu 01-07-21 Mon 05-07-21 1 ₹ 10,000.00
plans
4 Designing 2d Tue 06-07-21 Wed 07-07-21 3 ₹ 10,000.00
5 Estimation 2d Tue 06-07-21 Wed 07-07-21 3 ₹ 10,000.00

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Sign
contract and
. 6 1d Thu 08-07-21 Thu 08-07-21 5 ₹ 10,000.00
notice to
proceed
Apply for
7 1d Fri 09-07-21 Fri 09-07-21 ₹ 40,000.00
Permits
Building
8 permits from 1d Fri 09-07-21 Fri 09-07-21 6 ₹ 40,000.00
Authorities
Mon 12-07-
9 Site Work 3d Sat 10-07-21 21 ₹ 6,750.00
Ground
10 1d Sat 10-07-21 Sat 10-07-21 8 ₹ 2,300.00
Clearance
11 Leveling 1d Sun 11-07-21 Sun 11-07-21 10 ₹ 2,300.00
12 Markings 1d Mon 12-07-21 Mon 12-07-21 11 ₹ 2,150.00
13 Foundation 18 d Tue 13-07-21 Fri 30-07-21 ₹ 125,773.00
Earthwork
14
Excavation 2d Tue 13-07-21 Wed 14-07-21 12 ₹ 27,650.00
Reinforceme
15 nt for 3d Thu 15-07-21 Sat 17-07-21 14 ₹ 50,660.00
Footing
16 Shuttering 2d Sun 18-07-21 Mon 19-07-21 15 ₹ 8,411.00
Pouring
17 3d Tue 20-07-21 Thu 22-07-21 16 ₹ 34,552.00
Concrete
18 curing 7d Fri 23-07-21 Thu 29-07-21 17 ₹ 2,000.00
19 Deshuttering 1d Fri 30-07-21 Fri 30-07-21 18 ₹ 2,500.00
Plinth Level
20 22 d Sat 31-07-21 Sat 21-08-21 ₹ 150,025.00
Work
21 Shuttering 2d Sat 31-07-21 Sun 01-08-21 19 ₹ 7,411.00
Reinforceme
22 nt 3d Mon 02-08-21 Wed 04-08-21 21 ₹ 50,660.00
Pouring
23 3d Thu 05-08-21 Sat 07-08-21 22 ₹ 24,142.00
Concrete
24 Curing 7d Sun 08-08-21 Sat 14-08-21 23 ₹ 2,000.00
25 Deshuttering 1d Sun 15-08-21 Sun 15-08-21 24 ₹ 3,000.00
Brickwork
26 upto Plinth 7d Sun 15-08-21 Sat 21-08-21 24 ₹ 62,812.00
Level
Ground Mon 02-08-
27 Floor 18 d 21 Thu 19-08-21 ₹ 237,213.00
Column
28 Reinforceme 3d Mon 02-08-21 Wed 04-08-21 21 ₹ 50,660.00
nt
29 Shuttering 2d Thu 05-08-21 Fri 06-08-21 28 ₹ 12,921.00
30 Concreting 5d Sat 07-08-21 Wed 11-08-21 29 ₹ 38,722.00

31 Curing 7d Thu 12-08-21 Wed 18-08-21 30 ₹ 6,050.00

32 Deshuttering 1d Thu 19-08-21 Thu 19-08-21 31 ₹ 3,000.00

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Shuttering
for Ground
. 33 2d Mon 02-08-21 Tue 03-08-21 21 ₹ 4,456.00
Floor
Staircase
Reinforceme
34 2d Wed 04-08-21 Thu 05-08-21 33 ₹ 51,340.00
nt
35 Concreting 2d Fri 06-08-21 Sat 07-08-21 34 ₹ 21,302.00
36 Curing 7d Sun 08-08-21 Sat 14-08-21 35 ₹ 2,000.00
37 Deshuttering 1d Sun 15-08-21 Sun 15-08-21 36 ₹ 2,730.00
Brickwork
38 Ground 4d Sun 15-08-21 Wed 18-08-21 36 ₹ 44,032.00
Floor
39 1st Floor 52 d Sun 15-08-21 Tue 05-10-21 ₹ 569,128.00
Shuttering
for ground
40 3d Sun 15-08-21 Tue 17-08-21 36 ₹ 11,531.00
floor slab
and beam
Reinforceme
41 nt for slab 4d Wed 18-08-21 Sat 21-08-21 40 ₹ 58,150.00
and beam
42 Concreting 7d Sun 22-08-21 Sat 28-08-21 41 ₹ 37,862.00
43 Curing 7d Sun 29-08-21 Sat 04-09-21 42 ₹ 2,000.00
Column
44 Reinforceme 3d Sun 05-09-21 Tue 07-09-21 43 ₹ 50,660.00
nt
45 Shuttering 2d Wed 08-09-21 Thu 09-09-21 44 ₹ 5,456.00
46 Concreting 5d Fri 10-09-21 Tue 14-09-21 45 ₹ 35,722.00
47 Curing 7d Wed 15-09-21 Tue 21-09-21 46 ₹ 2,000.00

48 Deshuttering 1d Wed 22-09-21 Wed 22-09-21 47 ₹ 3,000.00

49 Staircase 14 d Wed 22-09-21 Tue 05-10-21 47 ₹ 141,153.00

50 Brickwork 14 d Wed 22-09-21 Tue 05-10-21 47 ₹ 81,832.00

Electrical
and
51 2d Thu 19-08-21 Fri 20-08-21 38 ₹ 111,000.00
Plumbing
for GF
Ground
52 Floor 2d Sat 21-08-21 Sun 22-08-21 51 ₹ 24,682.00
Plastering
GF Interiors
53 and 1d Mon 23-08-21 Mon 23-08-21 52 ₹ 4,080.00
Painting
Wed 22-09-
54 2nd Floor 52 d Fri 12-11-21 ₹ 1,010,546.00
21

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Shuttering
for 1st floor
. 55 3d Wed 22-09-21 Fri 24-09-21 47 ₹ 8,491.00
slab and
beam
Reinforcem
56 ent for slab 4d Sat 25-09-21 Tue 28-09-21 55 ₹ 58,150.00
and beam

57 Concreting 7d Wed 29-09-21 Tue 05-10-21 56 ₹ 35,812.00

58 Curing 7d Wed 06-10-21 Tue 12-10-21 57 ₹ 2,000.00

Column
59 Reinforceme 3d Wed 13-10-21 Fri 15-10-21 58 ₹ 50,660.00
nt
60 Shuttering 2d Sat 16-10-21 Sun 17-10-21 59 ₹ 5,456.00
61 Concreting 5d Mon 18-10-21 Fri 22-10-21 60 ₹ 35,722.00
62 Curing 7d Sat 23-10-21 Fri 29-10-21 61 ₹ 2,000.00
63 Deshuttering 1d Sat 30-10-21 Sat 30-10-21 62 ₹ 3,000.00
64 Staircase 14 d Sat 30-10-21 Fri 12-11-21 62 ₹ 125,151.00
65 Brickwork 14 d Sat 30-10-21 Fri 12-11-21 62 ₹ 86,202.00
1st Floor
Electrical
66 5d Wed 06-10-21 Sun 10-10-21 50 ₹ 111,000.00
and
Plumbing
67 !st Floor
10 d Mon 11-10-21 Wed 20-10-21 66 ₹ 48,842.00
Plastering
1st Floor
68 Interiors and 10 d Thu 21-10-21 Sat 30-10-21 67 ₹ 438,060.00
Painting
Mon 20-12-
69 3rd Floor 52 d Sat 30-10-21 ₹ 910,546.00
21
Shuttering
nd
70 for 2 floor 3d Sat 30-10-21 Mon 01-11-21 62 ₹ 8,491.00
slab and
beam
Reinforcem
71 ent for slab 4d Tue 02-11-21 Fri 05-11-21 70 ₹ 58,150.00
and beam
72 Concreting 7d Sat 06-11-21 Fri 12-11-21 71 ₹ 35,812.00
73 Curing 7d Sat 13-11-21 Fri 19-11-21 72 ₹ 2,000.00
Column
74 Reinforceme 3d Sat 20-11-21 Mon 22-11-21 73 ₹ 50,660.00
nt
75 Shuttering 2d Tue 23-11-21 Wed 24-11-21 74 ₹ 5,456.00

76 Concreting 5d Thu 25-11-21 Mon 29-11-21 75 ₹ 35,722.00

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77 Curing 7d Tue 30-11-21 Mon 06-12-21 76 ₹ 2,000.00

. 78 Deshuttering 1d Tue 07-12-21 Tue 07-12-21 77 ₹ 3,000.00
79 Staircase 14 d Tue 07-12-21 Mon 20-12-21 77 ₹ 125,151.00

80 Brickwork 14 d Tue 07-12-21 Mon 20-12-21 77 ₹ 86,202.00

2nd Floor
Electrical
81 5d Fri 19-11-21 Tue 23-11-21 ₹ 111,000.00
and
Plumbing
2nd Floor
82
Plastering 10 d Wed 24-11-21 Fri 03-12-21 81 ₹ 48,842.00
2nd Floor
83 Interiors and 10 d Sat 04-12-21 Mon 13-12-21 82 ₹ 338,060.00
Painting
84 Parapet 41 d Tue 07-12-21 Sun 16-01-22 ₹ 1,164,421.00
Shuttering
for 3rd floor
85 3d Tue 07-12-21 Thu 09-12-21 77 ₹ 8,491.00
slab and
beam
Reinforceme
86 4d Fri 10-12-21 Mon 13-12-21 85 ₹ 58,150.00
nt
87 Concreting 7d Tue 14-12-21 Mon 20-12-21 86 ₹ 35,812.00

88 Curing 7d Tue 21-12-21 Mon 27-12-21 87 ₹ 2,000.00

Column
89 Reinforceme 2d Tue 28-12-21 Wed 29-12-21 88 ₹ 49,495.00
nt
90 Shuttering 1d Thu 30-12-21 Thu 30-12-21 89 ₹ 3,841.00
91 Concreting 3d Fri 31-12-21 Sun 02-01-22 90 ₹ 29,182.00
92 Curing 7d Mon 03-01-22 Sun 09-01-22 91 ₹ 2,000.00

93 Deshuttering 1d Mon 10-01-22 Mon 10-01-22 92 ₹ 4,111.00

94 Brickwork 7d Mon 10-01-22 Sun 16-01-22 92 ₹ 63,912.00

95 Pergola 4d Mon 10-01-22 Thu 13-01-22 92 ₹ 406,675.00

3rd Floor
Electrical
96 5d Tue 21-12-21 Sat 25-12-21 80 ₹ 111,000.00
and
Plumbing
3rd Floor
97
Plastering 10 d Sun 26-12-21 Tue 04-01-22 96 ₹ 48,842.00
3rd Floor
98 Interiors and 10 d Wed 05-01-22 Fri 14-01-22 97 ₹ 340,910.00
Painting

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. Compound
99 41 d Sat 15-01-22 Thu 24-02-22 ₹ 1,259,198.00
Wall
100 Water Tank 5d Sat 15-01-22 Wed 19-01-22 98 ₹ 105,468.00
Compound
Wall
101 20 d Thu 20-01-22 Tue 08-02-22 100 ₹ 132,817.00
includes
painting
Exterior wall
102
painting 10 d Wed 09-02-22 Fri 18-02-22 101 ₹ 24,530.00
Floor
103 Finishes (All 20 d Thu 20-01-22 Tue 08-02-22 100 ₹ 84,192.00
Floors)
Cleaning
104 and 15 d Wed 09-02-22 Wed 23-02-22 101 ₹ 92,200.00
Finishing
Labor
105
Component 1d Thu 24-02-22 Thu 24-02-22 104 ₹ 146,833.00
Contractors
106 1d Thu 24-02-22 Thu 24-02-22 104 ₹ 673,158.00
Profit
Finish
107 Project and 0d Wed 23-02-22 Wed 23-02-22 104 ₹ 0.00
Handover

Table.3.2. G+3 Building and Duplex Resource Sheet in MS Project

Max.
ID Resource Name Type Initials Units Std. Rate Cost/Use Accrue
At
Base
Calendar
1 S Mason 1 Work S1 100% ₹ 550.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
2 S Mason 2 Work S2 200% 1,100.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
3 S Mason 3 Work S2 100% ₹ 550.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
4 S Mason 4 Work S2 100% ₹ 550.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
5 S Mason 5 Work S 100% ₹ 550.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
6 U Mason 1 Work U 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
7 U Mason 2 Work U 200% 1,000.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
8 U Mason 3 Work U 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
9 U Mason 5 Work U 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
10 U Mason 4 Work U 200% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 550.00 Prorated Standard
11 Mazdoor 1 Work M1 100% ₹ 460.00/d ₹ 460.00 Prorated Standard
12 Mazdoor 6 Work M2 100% ₹ 460.00/d ₹ 460.00 Prorated Standard
13 Mazdoor 2 Work M2 200% ₹ 920.00/d ₹ 460.00 Prorated Standard
14 Mazdoor 3 Work M3 100% ₹ 460.00/d ₹ 460.00 Prorated Standard
15 Mazdoor 4 Work M4 100% ₹ 460.00/d ₹ 460.00 Prorated Standard
16 Mazdoor 5 Work M4 200% ₹ 460.00/d ₹ 460.00 Prorated Standard
17 Bar Bender Work BB 100% ₹ 665.00/d ₹ 665.00 Prorated Standard
18 Bar Bender Work BBH 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
Helper
19 S Carpenter 1 Work SC1 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard
20 S Carpenter 2 Work SC2 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard

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21 S Carpenter 3 Work SC3 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard

22 S Carpenter 4 Work SC4 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard
. 23 SS Carpenter 4 Work SSC1 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
24 SS Carpenter 5 Work SSC1 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
25 SS Carpenter 1 Work SSC1 200% ₹1,000.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
26 SS Carpenter 2 Work SSC2 200% ₹1,000.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
27 SS Carpenter 3 Work SSC3 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
28 S Painter 1 Work SP1 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard
29 S Painter 2 Work SP2 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard
30 S Painter 3 Work SP3 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard
31 S Painter 4 Work SP4 100% ₹ 615.00/d ₹ 615.00 Prorated Standard
32 SS Painter 1 Work SSP1 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
33 SS Painter 2 Work SSP2 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
34 Excavator Work E 100% 1,000.00/hr ₹10,000.0 Prorated Standard
35 Cement for Material CC ₹ 3,672.00 ₹6,800.00 Prorated
concreting
36 Cement for Material CB ₹ 3,672.00 ₹ 500.00 Prorated
Brickwork
37 Cement for Material CP ₹ 3,672.00 ₹6,400.00 Prorated
plastering
38 Cement for Material CF ₹ 3,672.00 ₹21,000.0 Prorated
Flooring
39 Coarse Material CAC ₹ 1,220.00 ₹3,150.00 Prorated
Aggregate for
Concreting
40 Fine Aggregate Material FAC ₹ 510.00 ₹ 650.00 Prorated
for Concreting
41 Fine Aggregate Material FAB ₹ 510.00 ₹15,000.0 Prorated
for Brickwork
42 Fine Aggregate Material FAP ₹ 510.00 ₹6,500.00 Prorated
for Plastering
43 Fine Aggregate Material FAF ₹ 510.00 ₹22,000.0 Prorated
for Flooring
44 Bricks Material B ₹ 6,750.00 ₹10,000.0 Prorated
45 Steel for Material StF ₹41,500.00 ₹4,500.00 Prorated
footing
46 Steel for Material StC ₹41,500.00 ₹4,500.00 Prorated
Columns
47 Steel for Slabs Material StSB ₹41,500.00 ₹5,000.00 Prorated
and beams
48 Wood Material W ₹130,525.00 ₹270,000 Prorated
49 Glass Material G ₹ 593.00 ₹14,000.0 Prorated
50 Paints Material P ₹ 250.00 ₹2,600.00 Prorated
51 Engineer Cost E Prorated
52 Authority for Cost A Prorated
Approvals
53 Owner Cost O Prorated
54 Equipment Cost E Prorated
operator

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. 55 Shutters Material S ₹ 11.00 ₹1,100.00 Prorated

56 Bar Bender 2 Work BB 100% ₹ 665.00/d ₹ 665.00 Prorated Standard
57 Bar Bender Work BBH 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
Helper 2
58 Helper Work H 100% ₹ 250.00/d ₹ 250.00 Prorated Standard
59 Bar Bender 3 Work BB 100% ₹ 665.00/d ₹ 665.00 Prorated Standard
60 Bar Bender Work BBH 100% ₹ 500.00/d ₹ 500.00 Prorated Standard
Helper 3
61 Helper 2 Work H2 100% ₹ 250.00/d ₹ 250.00 Prorated Standard
62 Helper 3 Work H3 200% ₹ 250.00/d ₹ 250.00 Prorated Standard
63 MEP Work M 100% ₹ 0.00/d ₹ 0.00 Prorated Standard
Co-Ordinator
64 MEP Work M2 100% ₹ 0.00/d ₹ 0.00 Prorated Standard
Co-Ordinator 2
65 MEP Work M3 100% ₹ 0.00/d ₹ 0.00 Prorated Standard
Co-Ordinator 3
66 Pipes Material P ₹ 50,000.00 ₹50,000.0 Prorated
67 Copper wires Material C ₹ 5,500.00 ₹5,500.00 Prorated
68 Interior Cost I Prorated
Designing
Consultant
69 Labor Cost L Prorated
Component
70 Contractors Cost C Prorated
Profit

Table. 3.3. Duplex Task Sheet in MS Project

Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecess Cost

ID or
1 Start Project 0d Thu 01-07-21 Thu 01-07-21 ₹ 6,388,326.00
2 General 9d Thu 01-07-21 Fri 09-07-21 1 ₹ 80,000.00
Conditions
3 Finalize plans 5d Thu 01-07-21 Mon 05-07-21 1 ₹ 10,000.00
4 Designing 2d Tue 06-07-21 Wed 07-07-21 3 ₹ 10,000.00
5 Estimation 2d Tue 06-07-21 Wed 07-07-21 3 ₹ 10,000.00
6 Sign contract Thu 08-07-21 Thu 08-07-21 ₹ 10,000.00
and notice to 1d 5
proceed
7 Apply for Fri 09-07-21 Fri 09-07-21 ₹ 40,000.00
1d
permits
8 Building Fri 09-07-21 Fri 09-07-21 ₹ 40,000.00
permits from 1d 6
Authorities
9 Site Work 3d Sat 10-07-21 Mon 12-07-21 ₹ 6,750.00
10 Ground Sat 10-07-21 Sat 10-07-21 ₹ 2,300.00
1d 8
Clearance
11 Leveling 1d Sun 11-07-21 Sun 11-07-21 10 ₹ 2,300.00
12 Markings 1d Mon 12-07-21 Mon 12-07-21 11 ₹ 2,150.00
13 Foundation 18 d Tue 13-07-21 Fri 30-07-21 ₹ 125,773.00

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14 Earthwork Tue 13-07-21 Wed 14-07-21 ₹ 27,650.00

2d 12
Excavation
. 15 Reinforcemen Thu 15-07-21 Sat 17-07-21 ₹ 50,660.00
t for 3d 14
Footing
16 Shuttering 2d Sun 18-07-21 Mon 19-07-21 15 ₹ 8,411.00
17 Pouring 3d Tue 20-07-21 Thu 22-07-21 16 ₹ 34,552.00
Concrete
18 curing 7d Fri 23-07-21 Thu 29-07-21 17 ₹ 2,000.00
19 Deshuttering 1d Fri 30-07-21 Fri 30-07-21 18 ₹ 2,500.00
20 Plinth Level 22 d Sat 31-07-21 Sat 21-08-21 ₹ 150,025.00
Work
21 Shuttering 2d Sat 31-07-21 Sun 01-08-21 19 ₹ 7,411.00
22 Reinforcemen 3d Mon 02-08-21 Wed 04-08-21 21 ₹ 50,660.00
t
23 Pouring 3d Thu 05-08-21 Sat 07-08-21 22 ₹ 24,142.00
Concrete
24 Curing 7d Sun 08-08-21 Sat 14-08-21 23 ₹ 2,000.00
25 Deshuttering 1d Sun 15-08-21 Sun 15-08-21 24 ₹ 3,000.00
26 Brickwork Sun 15-08-21 Sat 21-08-21 ₹ 62,812.00
upto Plinth 7d 24
Level
27 Ground 18 d
Mon 02-08- Thu 19-08-21 ₹ 237,213.00
Floor 21
28 Column Mon 02-08-21 Wed 04-08-21 ₹ 50,660.00
Reinforcemen 3d 21
t
29 Shuttering 2d Thu 05-08-21 Fri 06-08-21 28 ₹ 12,921.00
30 Concreting 5d Sat 07-08-21 Wed 11-08-21 29 ₹ 38,722.00
31 Curing 7d Thu 12-08-21 Wed 18-08-21 30 ₹ 6,050.00
32 Deshuttering 1d Thu 19-08-21 Thu 19-08-21 31 ₹ 3,000.00
33 Shuttering for Mon 02-08-21 Tue 03-08-21 ₹ 4,456.00
Ground Floor 2d 21
Staircase
34 Reinforcemen Wed 04-08-21 Thu 05-08-21 ₹ 51,340.00
2d 33
t
35 Concreting 2d Fri 06-08-21 Sat 07-08-21 34 ₹ 21,302.00
36 Curing 7d Sun 08-08-21 Sat 14-08-21 35 ₹ 2,000.00
37 Deshuttering 1d Sun 15-08-21 Sun 15-08-21 36 ₹ 2,730.00
38 Brickwork Sun 15-08-21 Wed 18-08-21 ₹ 44,032.00
Ground 4d 36
Floor
39 1st Floor 52 d Sun 15-08-21 Tue 05-10-21 ₹ 569,128.00
40 Shuttering for Sun 15-08-21 Tue 17-08-21 ₹ 11,531.00
ground floor 3d 36
slab and beam
41 Reinforcemen Wed 18-08-21 Sat 21-08-21 ₹ 58,150.00
t for slab and 4d 40
beam
42 Concreting 7d Sun 22-08-21 Sat 28-08-21 41 ₹ 37,862.00
43 Curing 7d Sun 29-08-21 Sat 04-09-21 42 ₹ 2,000.00

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44 Column Sun 05-09-21 Tue 07-09-21 ₹ 50,660.00

Reinforcemen 3d 43
. t
45 Shuttering Wed 08-09-21 Thu 09-09-21 ₹ 5,456.00
2d 44
46 Concreting 5d Fri 10-09-21 Tue 14-09-21 45 ₹ 35,722.00
47 Curing Wed 15-09-21 Tue 21-09-21 ₹ 2,000.00
7d 46
48 Deshuttering Wed 22-09-21 Wed 22-09-21 ₹ 3,000.00
1d 47
49 Staircase Wed 22-09-21 Tue 05-10-21 ₹ 141,153.00
14 d 47
50 Brickwork Wed 22-09-21 Tue 05-10-21 ₹ 81,832.00
14 d 47
51 Electrical and Thu 19-08-21 Fri 20-08-21 ₹ 111,000.00
Plumbing for 2d 38
GF
52 Ground Floor Sat 21-08-21 Sun 22-08-21 ₹ 24,682.00
Plastering 2d 51
53 GF Interiors Mon 23-08-21 Mon 23-08-21 ₹ 4,080.00
and 1d 52
Painting
54 2nd Floor Wed 22-09- Fri 12-11-21 ₹ 1,010,546.00
52 d 21
55 Shuttering for Wed 22-09-21 Fri 24-09-21 ₹ 8,491.00
1st floor slab 3d 47
and beam
56 Reinforceme Sat 25-09-21 Tue 28-09-21 ₹ 58,150.00
nt for slab and 4d 55
beam
57 Concreting Wed 29-09-21 Tue 05-10-21 ₹ 35,812.00
7d 56
58 Curing Wed 06-10-21 Tue 12-10-21 ₹ 2,000.00
7d 57
59 Column Wed 13-10-21 Fri 15-10-21 ₹ 50,660.00
Reinforcemen 3d 58
t
60 Shuttering 2d Sat 16-10-21 Sun 17-10-21 59 ₹ 5,456.00
61 Concreting Mon 18-10-21 Fri 22-10-21 ₹ 35,722.00
5d 60
62 Curing 7d Sat 23-10-21 Fri 29-10-21 61 ₹ 2,000.00
63 Deshuttering 1d Sat 30-10-21 Sat 30-10-21 62 ₹ 3,000.00
64 Staircase 14 d Sat 30-10-21 Fri 12-11-21 62 ₹ 125,151.00
65 Brickwork 14 d Sat 30-10-21 Fri 12-11-21 62 ₹ 86,202.00
66 1st Floor Wed 06-10-21 Sun 10-10-21 ₹ 111,000.00
Electrical and 5d 50
Plumbing
67 !st Floor Mon 11-10-21 Wed 20-10-21 ₹ 48,842.00
10 d 66
Plastering

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68 1st Floor Thu 21-10-21 Sat 30-10-21 ₹ 438,060.00

Interiors and 10 d 67
.
Painting
69 3rd Floor Sat 30-10-21 Mon 20-12-21 ₹ 910,546.00
52 d
70 Shuttering for Sat 30-10-21 Mon 01-11-21 ₹ 8,491.00
2nd floor slab 3d 62
and beam
71 Reinforceme Tue 02-11-21 Fri 05-11-21 ₹ 58,150.00
nt for slab and 4d 70
beam
72 Concreting 7d Sat 06-11-21 Fri 12-11-21 71 ₹ 35,812.00
73 Curing 7d Sat 13-11-21 Fri 19-11-21 72 ₹ 2,000.00
74 Column Sat 20-11-21 Mon 22-11-21 ₹ 50,660.00
Reinforcemen 3d 73
t
75 Shuttering Tue 23-11-21 Wed 24-11-21 ₹ 5,456.00
2d 74
76 Concreting Thu 25-11-21 Mon 29-11-21 ₹ 35,722.00
5d 75
77 Curing Tue 30-11-21 Mon 06-12-21 ₹ 2,000.00
7d 76
78 Deshuttering 1d Tue 07-12-21 Tue 07-12-21 77 ₹ 3,000.00
79 Staircase Tue 07-12-21 Mon 20-12-21 ₹ 125,151.00
14 d 77
80 Brickwork Tue 07-12-21 Mon 20-12-21 ₹ 86,202.00
14 d 77
81 2nd Floor Sat 13-11-21 Wed 17-11-21 ₹ 111,000.00
Electrical and 5d 65
Plumbing
82 2nd Floor Thu 18-11-21 Sat 27-11-21 ₹ 48,842.00
10 d 81
Plastering
83 2nd Floor Sun 28-11-21 Tue 07-12-21 ₹ 338,060.00
Interiors and 10 d 82
Painting
84 4th Floor 52 d Tue 07-12-21 Thu 27-01-22 ₹ 910,546.00
85 Shuttering for Tue 07-12-21 Thu 09-12-21 ₹ 8,491.00
3rd floor slab 3d 77
and beam
86 Reinforceme Fri 10-12-21 Mon 13-12-21 ₹ 58,150.00
nt for slab and 4d 85
beam
87 Concreting Tue 14-12-21 Mon 20-12-21 ₹ 35,812.00
7d 86
88 Curing Tue 21-12-21 Mon 27-12-21 ₹ 2,000.00
7d 87
89 Column Tue 28-12-21 Thu 30-12-21 ₹ 50,660.00
Reinforcemen 3d 88
t
90 Shuttering 2d Fri 31-12-21 Sat 01-01-22 89 ₹ 5,456.00

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91 Concreting 5d Sun 02-01-22 Thu 06-01-22 90 ₹ 35,722.00

92 Curing 7d Fri 07-01-22 Thu 13-01-22 91 ₹ 2,000.00
. 93 Deshuttering 1d Fri 14-01-22 Fri 14-01-22 92 ₹ 3,000.00
94 Staircase 14 d Fri 14-01-22 Thu 27-01-22 92 ₹ 125,151.00
95 Brickwork 14 d Fri 14-01-22 Thu 27-01-22 92 ₹ 86,202.00
96 3rd Floor Tue 21-12-21 Sat 25-12-21 ₹ 111,000.00
Electrical and 5d 80
Plumbing
97 3rd Floor Sun 26-12-21 Tue 04-01-22 ₹ 48,842.00
10 d 96
Plastering
98 3rd Floor Wed 05-01-22 Fri 14-01-22 ₹ 338,060.00
Interiors and 10 d 97
Painting
99 Parapet 41 d Fri 14-01-22 Wed 23-02-22 ₹ 1,164,421.00
100 Shuttering for Fri 14-01-22 Sun 16-01-22 ₹ 8,491.00
4th floor slab 3d 92
and beam
101 Reinforcemen Mon 17-01-22 Thu 20-01-22 ₹ 58,150.00
4d 100
t
102 Concreting 7d Fri 21-01-22 Thu 27-01-22 101 ₹ 35,812.00
103 Curing 7d Fri 28-01-22 Thu 03-02-22 102 ₹ 2,000.00
104 Column Fri 04-02-22 Sat 05-02-22 ₹ 49,495.00
Reinforcemen 2d 103
t
105 Shuttering 1d Sun 06-02-22 Sun 06-02-22 104 ₹ 3,841.00
106 Concreting Mon 07-02-22 Wed 09-02-22 ₹ 29,182.00
3d 105
107 Curing Thu 10-02-22 Wed 16-02-22 ₹ 2,000.00
7d 106
108 Deshuttering 1d Thu 17-02-22 Thu 17-02-22 107 ₹ 4,111.00
109 Brickwork Thu 17-02-22 Wed 23-02-22 ₹ 63,912.00
7d 107
110 Pergola 4d Thu 17-02-22 Sun 20-02-22 107 ₹ 406,675.00

111 4th Floor Fri 28-01-22 Tue 01-02-22 ₹ 111,000.00

Electrical and 5d 95
Plumbing
112 4th Floor 10 d Wed 02-02-22 Fri 11-02-22 111 ₹ 48,842.00
Plastering
113 4th Floor Sat 12-02-22 Mon 21-02-22 ₹ 340,910.00
Interiors and 10 d 112
Painting
114 Compound 40 d Tue 22-02-22 Sat 02-04-22 ₹ 1,223,378.00
Wall
115 Water Tank 5d Tue 22-02-22 Sat 26-02-22 113 ₹ 105,468.00
116 Compound Sun 27-02-22 Fri 18-03-22 ₹ 132,817.00
Wall 20 d 115
includes
painting
117 Exterior wall Sat 19-03-22 Mon 28-03-22 ₹ 24,530.00
10 d 116
painting
118 Floor Finishes 20 d Sun 27-02-22 Fri 18-03-22 115 ₹ 84,192.00

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. (All
Floors)
119 Cleaning and Sat 19-03-22 Sat 02-04-22 ₹ 92,200.00
15 d 116
Finishing
120 Labor Sat 19-03-22 Sat 19-03-22 ₹ 175,209.00
1 d? 116
Component
121 Contractors Sat 19-03-22 Sat 19-03-22 ₹ 608,962.00
1 d? 116
Profit
122 Finish Project Fri 18-03-22 Fri 18-03-22 ₹ 0.00
and 0d 118
Handover

Above tables represents the Task sheet and Resource sheets that are produced using
MS Project. Task Sheet deals with the work progress or scheduling, work progress can also
be tracked in the Gantt chart. Resource Sheet has all the resources that are involved in the
project. Material, labor, machinery, etc., are all included in theresource sheet.

3.7 ESTIMATION

Manual Estimation is calculated in preference with Common Schedule of Rates as per

A.P. Revised Standards, which is effective from 1st June, 2021. Received from Board of
Chief Engineers (GST is not included).
All the material rates, labor costs are taken from the issued Standard Schedule of
Rates (SSR). Long Wall and Short Wall method of estimation is adopted as the working
procedure for the current project’s estimation.
In this SSR based estimation 25% overheads were added on labor component and
15% overheads are added on total cost (inclusive of materials, labor and labor overheads).
Table. 3.4. Estimation of G+3 Building using SSR

S.No Description of Item Units Quantity Rate Total

1. JCB 1 hr 1 1000 1000

1 hour of JCB can excavate 40 m3
The total volume of excavation = 244.56 m3
The excavation time = 244.56/10 = 6.114 hrs
The levelling of earth work = 2 hrs
The total working time of JCB = 6.114+2 = 8.114 hrs

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The cost of the excavation and levelling =8.114*1000 = 8114

. Total 8114
2. Material
Cement 1 MT 0.45 3672 2379.46
Fine aggregate (sand) 1 m3 0.45 510 229.5
Coarse aggregate 1 m3 0.9 1220 1098
Total 3707
The volume of PCC foundation in the building = 52.71
The cost of PCC foundation = 52.1*3707 = 193135
Total 193135
3. Steel
Steel 1 MT 1 41500 41500
The total tonnes of steel in the building = 10.872
The cost of the steel = 41500*10.872 = 451105
Total 451188
4 Concrete
Cement 1 MT 0.45 3672 2379.46
Fine aggregate (sand) 1 m3 0.45 510 229.5
Coarse aggregate 1 m3 0.9 1220 1098
Total 3707
The total volume of the concrete = 112.96 M3
The cost of the concrete = 418743
Total 418743
5. Brickwork
Bricks 1000 NO’ 500 6750 3375
Cement 1 MT 0.0576 3672 211.5072
Fine aggregate (sand) 1 m3 0.2 605 121
Total 3798.5
The total brick masonry in the building = 123.86 M3
The cost of the brick masonry = 123.86*3798.5 = 454814
Total 470482.21
6 Plastering in cement mortar (1:6) with 12 mm thickness

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Cement 1 MT 0.035*1440 3672 0.025

. Fine aggregate (sand) 1 m3 0.21 605 90.75
Total 222.94
The total plastering 12 mm thick (inside walls) = 1010.75 m
The cost of the plastering 12 mm thick = 222.94*1010.75
Total 22533.6605
7. Plastering in cement mortar (1:6) with 20 mm thickness
Cement 1 MT 0.035*1440 3672 0.035
Fine aggregate (sand) 1 m3 0.21 605 127.05
Total 312.12
The total plastering 20 mm thick (outside walls) = 366.71 m
The cost of the plastering 20 mm thick = 312.12*366.71
Total 11445.752
8. Flooring in cement mortar (1:6) with 25 mm thickness
Cement 1 MT 0.042*1440 3672 0.042
Fine aggregate (sand) 1 m3 0.25 605 127.5
TOTAL 349.58
The total flooring = 334.4412
The cost of the flooring = 349.58*334.44
Total 11691.35
9. Ceiling plastering in cement mortar (1:6) with 6 mm thickness
Cement 1 MT 0.025*1440 3672 0.025
Fine aggregate (sand) 1 m3 0.15 605 90.75
Total 222.94
The total ceiling plastering 6 mm thick = 97.3 m2
The cost of the ceiling plastering 6mm thick = 222.94*97.3
Total 2169.2062
10. Teak Wood
Wood 1 m3 1 130525 130525
Total 130525
The quantity of wood in doors, windows, ventilators = 4.6245
Pergola wood volume = 3.5

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The total quantity of wood = 4.6245+3.5 = 8.1245

. The cost of the wood = 8.1245*130525
Total 1060450.36
11. Glass
Plan flat glass 8mm TH 1 m2 1 875 875
Total 875
The total quantity of glass = 2.55
The amount of glass = 2.55*875
Total 2231.25
12. Paint
Oil based paint 1 liter 1 248 248
Total 248
One litre of paint it covers approximately 6.3 to 6.5 m2
The quantity of paint required = 1377.46/6.5 = 211.93 = 212 li
Total 52576
13. Electrical
PVC 32 mm (1.6) thick 1 RMS 1 39 39
The total quantity of electrical pipes = 1000
The amount of electricity pipes = 39*1000 = 39000
Electricity wires
Red wire 100 rms 10 2000 20000
Green wire 100 rms 10 2000 20000
Black wire 100 rms 10 2000 20000
The amount of electricity wires 20000*3 = 60000
The total amount of electrical work = 39000+60000
Total 99000
14. Plumbing
Plumbing cost per floor = 25000
Total plumbing cost = 25000*3
Total 75000
Total 2863091
15. PCC Foundation

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Mason
. Skilled 2 No 1 540 1080
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total 3420
The working days = 2
The amount of PCC foundation work 3420*2
Total 6840
16. Steel
Barbender 4 No 1 665 2660
Barbender helper 2 No 1 500 1000
Total 3660
The total working days = 25
The amount of steel work = 3660*25
Total 91500
17 Concrete
Mason
Skilled 2 No 1 540 1080
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total 3420
The total working days =36
The amount of steel = 36*3420
Total 123120
18. Brickwork
Mason
Skilled 2 No 1 550 1100
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total 3440
The total working days =40
The amount of the brick work = 40*3440

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Total 137600
. 19 Plastering in cement mortar (1:6)
Mason 2 No 1 550 1100
mazdoor 3 No 1 460 1380
Total 2480
The total working days = 20
The amount of the plastering work = 2480*20
Total 49600
20 Flooring in cement mortar (1:6) with 20 mm thickness
Mason
Skilled 2 No 1 550 1100
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total 3440
The total working days = 10
The amount of the flooring work = 10*3440
Total 34400
21. Wood work
Carpenter
Skilled 4 No 1 615 2460
Semi skilled 3 No 1 500 1500
Total 3960
The total working days = 6
The cost of the painting = 6 *3960
Total 23760
22 Glass Fitter
Skilled 1 No 1 585 585
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Total 1085
The number of working days = 2
The amount of glass fitter = 2*1085
Total 2170

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23 Painting
. Painter
Skilled 4 No 1 615 2460
Semi skilled 2 No 1 500 1000
Total 3460
The total working days = 21
The cost of the painting = 21*3460
Total 72660
24 Electrical
Electrician 4 No 1 610 610
Electrician helper 3 No 1 500 500
Total 1110
The total working days = 7
The amount of electrical work =1110*7
Total 7770
25. Shuttering and Deshuttering
Carpenter skilled 4 No 1 615 615
Carpenter semi skilled 3 No 1 500 500
Total 1115
The total working days= 27
The amount of shuttering and deshuttering = 1115*27
Total 30105
26. Plumbing
Plumber 4 No 1 615 615
Helper plumber 3 NOo 1 500 500
Total 1115
The total working days = 7
The amount of plumbing work = 1115 * 7
Total 7805
Total 587330
Add 25% extra on labour charges = 0.25*587330 =146833 146833
The total amount of material = 2863092

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. Add 15% extra on overhead charges = 0.15*3596655=539499 539499

Total rate analysis amount = 4136753
For interior design and consultancy = 1000000
Total amount 5152421.21

Table. 3.5. Estimation of Duplex Building using SSR

Description of
S.No Units Quantity Rate Total
Items
1 JCB 1 hr 1 1000 1000
3
Excavation capacity of JCB for 1 hr is 40 m
Total volume of Excavation = 281.68 m3
Excavation time = 281.68/40 = 7.042 hrs
Levelling of Earth Work = 2 hrs
Total work time of JCB = 7.042+2 = 9.042 hrs
Cost for excavation and levelling = 9.042*1000 = 9042
Total=9042
2 Materials
Cement 1 MT 0.45 3672 2379.46
Fine Aggregate 1 m3 0.45 510 229.5
Coarse Aggregate 1 m3 0.9 1220 1098
Total=3707
Volume of PCC Foundation in Building = 84.63 m3
Cost of PCC Foundation = 84.63*3707 = 313723
Total=313723.41
3 Steel
Steel 1 MT 1 41500 41500
Total tons of steel in building = 11
Cost of steel = 41500*11 = 456500
Total=456500
4 Concrete
Cement 1 MT 0.45 3672 2379.46
Fine Aggregate 1 m3 0.45 510 229.5
Coarse Aggregate 1 m3 0.9 1220 1098
Total=3707
Total Volume of Concrete = 125.10 m3
Total cost of concrete = 125.1*3707 = 463745.7
Total=463745.7
5 Brickwork
Bricks 1000 No 500 6750 3375
Cement 1 MT 0.0576 3672 211.5072
Fine Aggregate 1 m3 0.2 605 212
Total=3798.5
Total Brick masonry in building = 136.257 m3
Cost of the brickwork = 136.257*3798.5 = 24

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Total=517572.21
6 Plastering in cement mortar (1:6) with 12 mm thickness
.
Cement 1 MT 0.025*144 3672 132.192
0
Fine Aggregate 1 m3 0.15 605 90.75
Total=222.94
Total Plastering = 1224.228 m2
Cost of Plastering = 222.94*1224.28 = 27292.939
Total=27292.939
7 Plastering in cement mortar (1:6) with 20 mm thickness
Cement 1 MT 0.035*1.4 3672 185.07
40
Fine Aggregate 1 m3 0.21 605 127.05
Total=312.12
2
Total Plastering = 434.4 m
Cost of Plastering = 312.12*434.4
Total=13558.492
8 Flooring in Cement mortar (1:6) with 25 mm thickness
Cement 1 MT 0.042*1.4 3672 222.08
4
Fine Aggregate 1 m3 0.25 605 127.5
Total=349.58
2
Total Flooring = 393 m
Cost of Flooring = 349.58*392.99
Total=13738.144
9 Ceiling Plastering in Cement mortar (1:6) with 6 mm thickness
Cement 1 MT 0.025*1.4 3672 132.19
4
Fine Aggregate 1 m3 0.15 605 90.75
Total=222.94
Total ceiling plastering = 97.3 m3
Cost of ceiling plastering = 222.94*97.3
Total=2169.2
10 Teak Wood
Wood 1 m3 1 130525 130525
Total=130525
3
Total quantity of wood = 9.843 m
Cost of wood = 9.843*130525
Total=1284757.57
11 Glass
2
Plan flat glass 8mm 1 m 0.66 193 391.38
Total=391.38
2
Total quantity of glass = 67.6 m
Cost of wood = 391.38*67.6
Total=26457.288
12 Paint
Oil based paint 1 liter 1 248 248
Total=248
2
One liter of paint covers 6.5 m

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Pain t Quantity = 212 liters

Cost of Paint = 212*248
. Total=52576
13 Electrical
PVC 32 mm 1 RMS 1 39 39
Total quantity of electricity pipes = 1000 m
Cost of pipes = 39000
Cost of wires = 60000
Total=99000
14 Plumbing
Plumbing cost per floor = 25000
Total cost = 25000*4
Total=100000
Total=22863091.29
15 PCC Foundation
Mason
Skilled 2 No 1 540 1080
Semi Skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total=3420
Working days = 2
Amount of PCC work = 3420*2
Total=6840
16. Steel
Barbender 4 No 1 665 2660
Barbender helper 2 No 1 500 1000
Total 3660
The total working days = 29
The amount of steel work = 3660*29
Total=106140
17 Concrete
Mason
Skilled 2 No 1 540 1080
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total 3420
The total working days =48
The amount of steel = 48*3420
Total=164160
18. Brickwork
Mason
Skilled 2 No 1 550 1100
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total 3440
The total working days =53
The amount of the brick work = 53*3440
Total=182320

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19 Plastering in cement mortar (1:6)

Mason 2 No 1 550 1100
. mazdoor 3 No 1 460 1380
Total 2480
The total working days = 20
The amount of the plastering work = 2480*20
Total=49600
20 Flooring in cement mortar (1:6)
Mason
Skilled 2 No 1 550 1100
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Mazdoor 4 No 1 460 1840
Total 3440
The total working days = 10
The amount of the flooring work = 10*3440
Total=34400
21. Wood work
Carpenter
Skilled 4 No 1 615 2460
Semi skilled 3 No 1 500 1500
Total 3960
The total working days = 6
The cost of the painting = 6 *3960
Total=23760
22 Glass Fitter
Skilled 1 No 1 585 585
Semi skilled 1 No 1 500 500
Total 1085
The number of working days = 2
The amount of glass fitter = 2*1085
Total=2170
23 Painting
Painter
Skilled 4 No 1 615 2460
Semi skilled 2 No 1 500 1000
Total 3460
The total working days = 36
The cost of the painting = 36*3460
Total=124560
24 Electrical
Electrician 4 No 1 610 610
Electrician helper 3 No 1 500 500
Total 1110
The total working days = 7
The amount of electrical work =1110*7
Total=7770
25. Shuttering and Deshuttering
Carpenter skilled 4 No 1 615 615

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. Carpenter semi- 3 No 1 500 500

skilled
Total 1115
The total working days= 27
The amount of shuttering and deshuttering = 1115*27
Total=30105
26. Plumbing
Plumber 4 No 1 615 615
Helper plumber 3 No 1 500 500
Total 1115
The total working days = 7
The amount of plumbing work = 1115 * 7
Total 7805
Total=587330
Add 25% extra on labour charges = 0.25*700835 175208.75
=175208.75
The total amount of material = 3163897
Add 15% extra on overhead charges = 605992 605992
Total rate analysis amount = 47,97,279
For interior design and consultancy = 1300000
Total amount 60,97,279

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. CHAPTER-4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 DESIGN RESULTS

4.1.1 Shear Force Diagram

Fig. 4.1. Shear Force Diagram of G+3 building in STAAD.Pro by applying load
combinations

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Fig. 4.2. Shear Force Diagram of Duplex building in STAAD.Pro by applying load
combinations

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. 4.1.2 Bending Moment Diagram

Fig. 4.3. Bending Moment Diagram of G+3 building in STAAD.Pro by applying load
combinations

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Fig. 4.4. Bending Moment Diagram of Duplex building in STAAD.Pro by applyingload

combinations

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. 4.1.3 Displacement Diagram

Fig. 4.5. Displacement Diagram of G+3 building in STAAD.Pro by applying load

combinations

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Fig. 4.6. Displacement Diagram of Duplex building in STAAD.Pro by applying load

combinations

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. 4.2 DESIGN COMPARISON

4.2.1 Comparison of Conventional and Hybrid Structure

Fig. 4.7. SFD for single frame of Conventional Structure

Fig. 4.7. SFD for single frame of Hybrid Structure

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Fig. 4.8. BMD for single frame of Conventional Structure

Fig. 4.9. SFD for single frame of Hybrid Structure

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Fig. 4.10. Displacement for single frame of Conventional Structure

Fig. 4.11. Displacement for single frame of Hybrid Structure

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. Table. 4.1. Comparison of SFD, BMD and Displacement of Conventional and Hybrid
Structures

Conventional Structure Hybrid Structure

SFD -1.625 kN -0.988 kN

-14.873 kN -7.755 kN
0.01 kN 0.003 kN
BMD 3.396 kN-m 2.030 kN-m
11.572 kN-m 5.747 kN-m
-0.016 kN-m -0.006 kN-m
DISPLACEMENT 0.188 mm 0.044 mm
0.494 mm 0.232 mm
0.362 mm 0.173 mm

Here we have considered Live Load case in both Conventional and Hybrid structure to
study the difference in Shear Force, Bending Moment and Displacement. Similarly,there are
21 more load cases generated for this study.

4.2.2 STAAD.Pro and ETABS Design Comparison.

Comparing the columns reinforcements at 3rd floor from both STAAD.Pro and ETABS.
This provides a brief overview on the area of steel obtained from each software.
Table. 4.2. Comparison of Area of Steel from STAAD.Pro and ETABS
Ast from STAAD.Pro Ast from
Column Number
(mm2) ETABS (mm2)
C1 804.25 675.7
C2 804.25 683.4
C3 804.25 675.7
C4 804.25 675.54
C5 804.25 675.7
C6 804.25 678.23
C7 804.25 675.7
C8 804.25 844.62

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. C9 804.25 675.7
C10 804.25 676.92
C11 804.25 675.7
C12 452.39 676.95
C13 804.25 675.7
C14 452.39 675.7
C15 804.25 675.7

From the above table it can be stated that ETABS provides an economical section compared
to STAAD.Pro. ETABS provides required area of steel for a column or beam that is being
designed but in STAAD.Pro we find uniform section and uniform reinforcement while
going from bottom to top. In ETABS we find reduction in area ofsteel while moving from
bottom to top, this process of steel provision makes astructure economical while designing
using ETABS software. ETABS provides 9.2% less steel compared to STAAD.Pro

4.3 COST COMPARISON

4.3.1 Duplex and G+3 Building Comparison

Table. 4.3. Cost comparison of G+3 and Duplex Buildings

G+3 Duplex
₹ 51,36,753 ₹ 60,97,279

Comparing the G+3 building and Duplex building in terms of cost we find a difference of ₹
9,60,526. Rise in cost is due to an increased floor as Duplex is a G+4 structure, structural
elements are increased in number, interior and exterior works are also increased, these
components pay for the increased cost in Duplex Structure.
4.3.2 SSR Based Estimation vs MS Project Generated Estimation

Table. 4.4. Cost comparison of G+3 and Duplex Building Estimation by SSR and MS
Project

SSR MS Project
G+3 ₹ 51,36,753 ₹ 55,13,600
Duplex ₹ 60,97,279 ₹ 63,88,326

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.
From this comparison we can find that the costs for building construction is a bit high for
MS Project Generated estimation. The reason behind the increase in cost is due to allocation
of resources and labor, few of the assigned resources are at critical stage. While overcoming
those critical allocation of labors, a greater number of labors are assigned for certain task,
thus final construction costs increase.

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. CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION
• Virtual Reality has bought great composure over construction field. Advancements in
technology are upgraded and they provide the final results at the initial stages. This does
provide greater amount of satisfaction to the users.
• VR and AR technologies has achieved higher standards by incorporating other frontier
technologies and commonly used in other application fields.
• AutoCAD drafting are way old technology but provides basic theme for further
implementation in 3D and 4D modellings.
• Analysis and Design outcomes are very quick in software compared to manual design.
• For G+3 Building (Conventional Structure)
o Maximum Shear Force is 95.349kN
o Maximum Bending Moment is 69.796kN-m
o Maximum Displacement is 19.036mm
• For Duplex Building
o Maximum Shear Force is 96.398kN
o Maximum Bending Moment is 98.571kN-m
o Maximum Displacement is 28.561mm
• For G+3 Hybrid Structure
o Maximum Shear Force is 64.708kN
o Maximum Bending Moment is 57.709kN-m
o Maximum Displacement is 2.979mm
• From STAAD.Pro Hybrid Structure provides 39.37% lesser deflection for aframe.
• This study states that ETASB provides 9.2% less amount of steel compared to
STAAD.Pro
• Manual SSR based estimation is more accurate compared to MS Project Software
generated estimation.
• SSR based estimation states that it costs around ₹ 51.5 Lakhs and ₹ 70 Lakhs for
constructing G+3 and Duplex (G+4) buildings respectively, without GST being
involved.

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. FUTURE SCOPE

VR refers to a 3D-computerized environment a person can interact with. User feels as if

they are a part of a 3D world. One needs specially designed gear, popularly known as VR
headset, to access VR content. With the recent surge in VR compatible smartphones, VR is
quickly becoming a familiar name. Several applications of VR technology are already on
the market.
VR has opened up new eLearning environments thet were otherwise not possible.
One can create course in how to work in dangerous or high-risk environments, explore with
hazardous materials, or perform other complex activities without actually being exposed to
such an environment. This gives hands-on experience with minimum exposure to fatality.
Apart from fun and engagement element, this safety feature makes VR a special innovation
in the eLearning industry.It allows learners to learn from their mistakes, arrive at the right
skill set, with the freedom to make mistakes, and try again. For example, a VR-based
eLearning module on hazardous material will allow the learner to practice handling the
material virtually without facing the actual risk of wrong handling.
Medical and Healthcare industry can use VR technology effectively to train in
processes and procedures. VR environment allows the learner to try and practice procedures
without fearing the negative impact on real patients.
A key area where VR technology can revolutionize is training technicians and
machine operators. VR allows learners to operate machines in a virtual environment and
thus become experts before putting them on live systems.
VR is an exciting technology that is already revolutionizing the industry of
eLearning. eLearning companies in India have rightly appreciated its immense potential and
are embracing the technology to its fullest scale. More research is being done and certainly,
in the near future, VR is going to drive the eLearning domain.

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Regular and Irregular Multistory Buildings by using STAAD-Pro”. International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume 9, Issue 1, pp. 431-439,
Article ID: IJCIET_09_01_042
20. Kokate. P.B, Darade. M (2018). “Cost Planning and Estimation for Residential
Building”. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology.
Vol 3, Issue 4. pp. 624-627
21. Vasilieva. N (2018). “Parametric Modelling in Architectural and Construction
Design in AUTOCAD”. South Ural State University, 76. pp. 1-6
22. Bhosale. A.D, Hatkhambkar. A.P, Katkar. R. V, Babar. S.B, Gorivale. S.P (2018).
“Analysis and Design of Multi Storey Building by Using STAAD. Pro V8i”.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. Vol 3, Issue
4. pp. 148-150
23. Bahar. L, Vyas. J.N (2019). “Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Flat Slabs
and Conventional RC Slabs with and without Shear Walls”. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology. Vol 06, Issue 02. pp. 77-81
24. Kumar. T.D, Mohammed. I, Mohammed. I.P.Q, Mohammed. S.A, Syed. A.R,
Mohammed. A.K (2019). “Design and analysis of high-rise building using
STAAD.Pro”. International Journal of Civil Engineering. Volume 6, Issue 6, 7-14.
pp. 7-14
25. Mohammed. S.A.Z, Mohammed. S.A, Moosa. A.B, Syed. S, Taher.U.Q and
Mohammed. I.K (2019). “Design and structural Analysis of Multi storey Building
(both commercial and residential) by using STAAD.Pro V8i”. International
research journal of engineering and technology. Vol 6, issue 7. pp. 148-151
26. Rakesh. E (2019). “Design and Modeling of G+5 Commercial Building by
Autodesk Revit Architecture”. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced
Technology. Vol 9, Issue 2, Dec 2019. pp. 4732-4736

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Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

27. Kavya H.K (2020). “Analysis and design of multi storey building using
STAAD.Pro and ETABS”. International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology. Vol 7, Issue 1. pp. 1621-1627
28. Krishna. P.L (2020). “Analysis and Design of (G+20) Multi-Storey Residential
Building Using STAAD.Pro”. International journal for Innovative Engineering and
Management Research. Volume 09, Issue 03. pp. 22-26
29. Agashe. R, Baghele. M, Deshmukh. V, Khomane. S, Patle. G, Yadav. K(2020). “To
Study Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey building using Staad- pro. and
Comparing with Manual Calculations”. In the Proceedings of The International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e- ISSN: 2395-0056,
Volume: 07, 04 April 2020, p-ISSN: 2395-0072.
30. Vats. F (2020). “Review Paper on Design and Analysis of Multi storey building by
the Use of STAAD.Pro”. International journal of advanced research, ideas and
innovations in technology. Vol 5, issue 3. pp. 327-328

REVA/CE/2022-2024 81
 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

. APPENDIXES

APPENDIX-1

STAAD.Pro Program Code G+3

STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 24-Apr-21END
JOB INFORMATION INPUT
WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN JOINT
COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 3.96241 0 0; 3 7.92482 0 0; 4 0 3.04801 0; 5 3.96241 3.04801 0;
6 7.92482 3.04801 0; 7 0 6.09601 0; 8 3.96241 6.09601 0; 9 7.92482 6.09601 0;
10 0 9.14402 0; 11 3.96241 9.14402 0; 12 7.92482 9.14402 0; 13 0 12.192 0;
14 3.96241 12.192 0; 15 7.92482 12.192 0; 16 0 0 3.50521; 17 3.96241 0 3.50521;
18 7.92482 0 3.50521; 19 0 3.04801 3.50521; 20 3.96241 3.04801 3.50521;
21 7.92482 3.04801 3.50521; 22 0 6.09601 3.50521; 23 3.96241 6.09601 3.50521;
24 7.92482 6.09601 3.50521; 25 0 9.14402 3.50521; 26 3.96241 9.14402 3.50521;
27 7.92482 9.14402 3.50521; 28 0 12.192 3.50521; 29 3.96241 12.192 3.50521;
30 7.92482 12.192 3.50521; 31 0 0 6.70561; 32 3.96241 0 6.70561;
33 7.92482 0 6.70561; 34 0 3.04801 6.70561; 35 3.96241 3.04801 6.70561;
36 7.92482 3.04801 6.70561; 37 0 6.09601 6.70561; 38 3.96241 6.09601 6.70561;
39 7.92482 6.09601 6.70561; 40 0 9.14402 6.70561; 41 3.96241 9.14402 6.70561;
42 7.92482 9.14402 6.70561; 43 0 12.192 6.70561; 44 3.96241 12.192 6.70561;
45 7.92482 12.192 6.70561; 46 0 0 10.9728; 47 3.96241 0 10.9728;
48 7.92482 0 10.9728; 49 0 3.04801 10.9728; 50 3.96241 3.04801 10.9728;
51 7.92482 3.04801 10.9728; 52 0 6.09601 10.9728; 53 3.96241 6.09601 10.9728;
54 7.92482 6.09601 10.9728; 55 0 9.14402 10.9728; 56 3.96241 9.14402 10.9728;
57 7.92482 9.14402 10.9728; 58 0 12.192 10.9728; 59 3.96241 12.192 10.9728;
60 7.92482 12.192 10.9728; 61 0 0 12.9723; 62 3.96241 0 12.9723;
63 7.92482 0 12.9723; 64 0 3.04801 12.9723; 65 3.96241 3.04801 12.9723;
66 7.92482 3.04801 12.9723; 67 0 6.09601 12.9723; 68 3.96241 6.09601 12.9723;
69 7.92482 6.09601 12.9723; 70 0 9.14402 12.9723; 71 3.96241 9.14402 12.9723;
72 7.92482 9.14402 12.9723; 73 0 12.192 12.9723; 74 3.96241 12.192 12.9723;
75 7.92482 12.192 12.9723;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 4 5; 2 5 6; 3 7 8; 4 8 9; 5 10 11; 6 11 12; 7 13 14; 8 14 15; 9 1 4; 10 2 5;
11 3 6; 12 4 7; 13 5 8; 14 6 9; 15 7 10; 16 8 11; 17 9 12; 18 10 13; 19 11 14;
20 12 15; 21 19 20; 22 20 21; 23 22 23; 24 23 24; 25 25 26; 26 26 27; 27 28 29;
28 29 30; 29 16 19; 30 17 20; 31 18 21; 32 19 22; 33 20 23; 34 21 24; 35 22 25;
36 23 26; 37 24 27; 38 25 28; 39 26 29; 40 27 30; 41 34 35; 42 35 36; 43 37 38;
44 38 39; 45 40 41; 46 41 42; 47 43 44; 48 44 45; 49 31 34; 50 32 35; 51 33 36;
52 34 37; 53 35 38; 54 36 39; 55 37 40; 56 38 41; 57 39 42; 58 40 43; 59 41 44;
60 42 45; 61 49 50; 62 50 51; 63 52 53; 64 53 54; 65 55 56; 66 56 57; 67 58 59;
68 59 60; 69 46 49; 70 47 50; 71 48 51; 72 49 52; 73 50 53; 74 51 54; 75 52 55;
76 53 56; 77 54 57; 78 55 58; 79 56 59; 80 57 60; 81 64 65; 82 65 66; 83 67 68;
84 68 69; 85 70 71; 86 71 72; 87 73 74; 88 74 75; 89 61 64; 90 62 65; 91 63 66;
92 64 67; 93 65 68; 94 66 69; 95 67 70; 96 68 71; 97 69 72; 98 70 73; 99 71 74;

REVA/CE/2022-2024 1
 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

. 100 72 75; 101 4 19; 102 5 20; 103 6 21; 104 7 22; 105 8 23; 106 9 24;
107 10 25; 108 11 26; 109 12 27; 110 13 28; 111 14 29; 112 15 30; 113 19 34;
114 20 35; 115 21 36; 116 22 37; 117 23 38; 118 24 39; 119 25 40; 120 26 41;
121 27 42; 122 28 43; 123 29 44; 124 30 45; 125 34 49; 126 35 50; 127 36 51;
128 37 52; 129 38 53; 130 39 54; 131 40 55; 132 41 56; 133 42 57; 134 43 58;
135 44 59; 136 45 60; 137 49 64; 138 50 65; 139 51 66; 140 52 67; 141 53 68;
142 54 69; 143 55 70; 144 56 71; 145 57 72; 146 58 73; 147 59 74; 148 60 75;
ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL
156 4 5 20 19; 157 5 6 21 20; 158 20 21 36 35; 159 35 34 19 20;
160 34 35 50 49; 161 35 36 51 50; 162 50 51 66 65; 163 7 8 23 22;
164 8 9 24 23; 165 23 24 39 38; 166 38 37 22 23; 167 37 38 53 52;
168 38 39 54 53; 169 53 54 69 68; 170 10 11 26 25; 171 11 12 27 26;
172 26 27 42 41; 173 41 40 25 26; 174 40 41 56 55; 175 41 42 57 56;
176 56 57 72 71; 177 13 14 29 28; 178 14 15 30 29; 179 29 30 45 44;
180 44 43 28 29; 181 43 44 59 58; 182 44 45 60 59; 183 59 60 75 74;
ELEMENT PROPERTY
156 TO 183 THICKNESS 0.15
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17184e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.6158
ALPHA 5e-006 DAMP
0.05
TYPE CONCRETE STRENGTH
FCU 27578.9 END DEFINE
MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 29 TO 40 49 TO 60 69 71 72 74 75 77 78 80 89 TO 99 -
100 PRIS YD 0.381 ZD 0.2286
10 13 16 19 70 73 76 79 PRIS YD 0.2286 ZD 0.381
1 TO 8 21 TO 28 41 TO 48 61 TO 68 81 TO 88 101 TO 148 PRIS YD 0.4572 ZD
0.2286
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
1 TO 3 16 TO 18 31 TO 33 46 TO 48 61 TO 63 FIXED
DEFINE 1893 ACCIDENTAL LOAD
ZONE 0.1 RF 5 I 1 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05
SELFWEIGHT 1 MEMBER
WEIGHT
1 TO 8 21 TO 28 41 TO 48 61 TO 68 81 TO 88 101 TO 148 UNI 15
FLOOR WEIGHT
YRANGE 0 12 FLOAD 3.75
DEFINE WIND LOAD TYPE 1
WIND 1
INT 4.9058 8.884 7.87 8.96 8.96 4.51 HEIGT 1.9 3.425 3.05 3.05 3.05 1.525
EXP 0.8 JOINT 1 TO 75
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE SL X1893
LOAD X 1

REVA/CE/2022-2024 2
 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

. PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE SL Z1893
LOAD Z 1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WLWIND
LOAD X 1 TYPE 1 YR 0 12.2
WIND LOAD X -1 TYPE 1 YR 0 12.2
WIND LOAD Z 1 TYPE 1 YR 0 12.2
WIND LOAD Z -1 TYPE 1 YR 0 12.2 LOAD 4
LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DLSELFWEIGHT Y -
1
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 6 61 TO 66 101 103 104 106 107 109 113 115 116 118 119 121 125 TO 132 -
133 UNI GY -11.9
21 TO 26 41 TO 46 102 105 108 114 117 120 126 129 132 UNI GY -5.18
7 8 88 110 112 122 124 134 136 148 UNI GY -2.4
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE 3.05 12.2 FLOAD -1 GY
MEMBER LOAD
81 83 85 87 137 140 143 146 UNI GY -16.4
LOAD 5 LOADTYPE Live TITLE LL FLOOR
LOAD
YRANGE 3.05 12.2 FLOAD -3.75 GY
LOAD COMB 6 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 14 1.5
5 1.5
LOAD COMB 7 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 24 1.2
5 1.2 3 1.2
LOAD COMB 8 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 34 1.2
5 1.2 3 -1.2
LOAD COMB 9 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 44 1.2
5 1.2 1 1.2
LOAD COMB 10 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 54 1.2
5 1.2 2 1.2
LOAD COMB 11 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 64 1.2
5 1.2 1 -1.2
LOAD COMB 12 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 74 1.2
5 1.2 2 -1.2
LOAD COMB 13 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 84 1.5
3 1.5
LOAD COMB 14 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 94 1.5
3 -1.5
LOAD COMB 15 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 104 1.5
1 1.5
LOAD COMB 16 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 114 1.5
2 1.5
LOAD COMB 17 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 124 1.5
1 -1.5
LOAD COMB 18 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 13

REVA/CE/2022-2024 3
 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

. 4 1.5 2 -1.5
LOAD COMB 19 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 14
4 0.9 1 1.5
LOAD COMB 20 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 154 0.9
2 1.5
LOAD COMB 21 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 164 0.9
1 -1.5
LOAD COMB 22 GENERATED INDIAN CODE GENRAL_STRUCTURES 174 0.9
2 -1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
START CONCRETE DESIGN CODE
INDIAN
FC 25000 ALL
FYMAIN 415000 ALL
FYSEC 415000 ALL
MAXMAIN 16 ALL
MAXSEC 12 ALL
MINMAIN 12 ALL
MINSEC 10 ALL
RATIO 8 ALL
DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 8 21 TO 28 41 TO 48 61 TO 68 81 TO 88 101 TO 148
DESIGN COLUMN 9 TO 20 29 TO 40 49 TO 60 69 TO 80 89 TO 100
DESIGN ELEMENT 156 TO 183
CONCRETE TAKE
END CONCRETE DESIGN PERFORM
ANALYSIS PRINT ALLFINISH

REVA/CE/2022-2024 4
 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

.
APPENDIX-2

STAAD.Pro Program Code Duplex

STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 24-Apr-21END
JOB INFORMATION INPUT
WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN JOINT
COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 3.20041 0 0; 3 7.92482 0 0; 4 0 3.04801 0; 5 3.20041 3.04801 0;
6 7.92482 3.04801 0; 7 0 6.09601 0; 8 3.20041 6.09601 0; 9 7.92482 6.09601 0;
10 0 9.14402 0; 11 3.20041 9.14402 0; 12 7.92482 9.14402 0; 13 0 12.192 0;
14 3.20041 12.192 0; 15 7.92482 12.192 0; 16 0 15.24 0; 17 3.20041 15.24 0;
18 7.92482 15.24 0; 19 0 0 4.57201; 20 3.20041 0 4.57201; 21 7.92482 0 4.57201;
22 0 3.04801 4.57201; 23 3.20041 3.04801 4.57201; 24 7.92482 3.04801 4.57201;
25 0 6.09601 4.57201; 26 3.20041 6.09601 4.57201; 27 7.92482 6.09601 4.57201;
28 0 9.14402 4.57201; 29 3.20041 9.14402 4.57201; 30 7.92482 9.14402 4.57201;
31 0 12.192 4.57201; 32 3.20041 12.192 4.57201; 33 7.92482 12.192 4.57201;
34 0 15.24 4.57201; 35 3.20041 15.24 4.57201; 36 7.92482 15.24 4.57201;
37 0 0 7.77242; 38 3.20041 0 7.77242; 39 7.92482 0 7.77242;
40 0 3.04801 7.77242; 41 3.20041 3.04801 7.77242; 42 7.92482 3.04801 7.77242;
43 0 6.09601 7.77242; 44 3.20041 6.09601 7.77242; 45 7.92482 6.09601 7.77242;
46 0 9.14402 7.77242; 47 3.20041 9.14402 7.77242; 48 7.92482 9.14402 7.77242;
49 0 12.192 7.77242; 50 3.20041 12.192 7.77242; 51 7.92482 12.192 7.77242;
52 0 15.24 7.77242; 53 3.20041 15.24 7.77242; 54 7.92482 15.24 7.77242;
55 0 0 10.9728; 56 3.20041 0 10.9728; 57 7.92482 0 10.9728;
58 0 3.04801 10.9728; 59 3.20041 3.04801 10.9728; 60 7.92482 3.04801 10.9728;
61 0 6.09601 10.9728; 62 3.20041 6.09601 10.9728; 63 7.92482 6.09601 10.9728;
64 0 9.14402 10.9728; 65 3.20041 9.14402 10.9728; 66 7.92482 9.14402 10.9728;
67 0 12.192 10.9728; 68 3.20041 12.192 10.9728; 69 7.92482 12.192 10.9728;
70 0 15.24 10.9728; 71 3.20041 15.24 10.9728; 72 7.92482 15.24 10.9728;
73 0 0 12.9723; 74 3.20041 0 12.9723; 75 7.92482 0 12.9723;
76 0 3.04801 12.9723; 77 3.20041 3.04801 12.9723; 78 7.92482 3.04801 12.9723;
79 0 6.09601 12.9723; 80 3.20041 6.09601 12.9723; 81 7.92482 6.09601 12.9723;
82 0 9.14402 12.9723; 83 3.20041 9.14402 12.9723; 84 7.92482 9.14402 12.9723;
85 0 12.192 12.9723; 86 3.20041 12.192 12.9723; 87 7.92482 12.192 12.9723;
88 0 15.24 12.9723; 89 3.20041 15.24 12.9723; 90 7.92482 15.24 12.9723;
91 4.11481 6.09601 4.57201; 92 4.11481 6.09601 7.77242;
93 4.11481 6.09601 10.9728; 94 4.11481 12.192 4.57201;
95 4.11481 12.192 7.77242; 96 4.11481 12.192 10.9728;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 4 5; 2 5 6; 3 7 8; 4 8 9; 5 10 11; 6 11 12; 7 13 14; 8 14 15; 9 16 17;
10 17 18; 11 1 4; 12 2 5; 13 3 6; 14 4 7; 15 5 8; 16 6 9; 17 7 10; 18 8 11;
19 9 12; 20 10 13; 21 11 14; 22 12 15; 23 13 16; 24 14 17; 25 15 18; 26 22 23;
27 23 24; 28 25 26; 30 28 29; 31 29 30; 32 31 32; 34 34 35; 35 35 36; 36 19 22;
37 20 23; 38 21 24; 39 22 25; 40 23 26; 41 24 27; 42 25 28; 43 26 29; 44 27 30;
45 28 31; 46 29 32; 47 30 33; 48 31 34; 49 32 35; 50 33 36; 51 40 41; 52 41 42;
53 43 44; 55 46 47; 56 47 48; 57 49 50; 59 52 53; 60 53 54; 61 37 40; 62 38 41;

REVA/CE/2022-2024 5
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. 63 39 42; 64 40 43; 65 41 44; 66 42 45; 67 43 46; 68 44 47; 69 45 48; 70 46 49;

71 47 50; 72 48 51; 73 49 52; 74 50 53; 75 51 54; 76 58 59; 77 59 60; 78 61 62;
80 64 65; 81 65 66; 82 67 68; 84 70 71; 85 71 72; 86 55 58; 87 56 59; 88 57 60;
89 58 61; 90 59 62; 91 60 63; 92 61 64; 93 62 65; 94 63 66; 95 64 67; 96 65 68;
97 66 69; 98 67 70; 99 68 71; 100 69 72; 101 76 77; 102 77 78; 103 79 80;
104 80 81; 105 82 83; 106 83 84; 107 85 86; 108 86 87; 109 88 89; 110 89 90;
111 73 76; 112 74 77; 113 75 78; 114 76 79; 115 77 80; 116 78 81; 117 79 82;
118 80 83; 119 81 84; 120 82 85; 121 83 86; 122 84 87; 123 85 88; 124 86 89;
125 87 90; 126 4 22; 127 5 23; 128 6 24; 129 7 25; 130 8 26; 131 9 27;
132 10 28; 133 11 29; 134 12 30; 135 13 31; 136 14 32; 137 15 33; 138 16 34;
139 17 35; 140 18 36; 141 22 40; 142 23 41; 143 24 42; 144 25 43; 145 26 44;
146 27 45; 147 28 46; 148 29 47; 149 30 48; 150 31 49; 151 32 50; 152 33 51;
153 34 52; 154 35 53; 155 36 54; 156 40 58; 157 41 59; 158 42 60; 159 43 61;
160 44 62; 161 45 63; 162 46 64; 163 47 65; 164 48 66; 165 49 67; 166 50 68;
167 51 69; 168 52 70; 169 53 71; 170 54 72; 171 58 76; 172 59 77; 173 60 78;
174 61 79; 175 62 80; 176 63 81; 177 64 82; 178 65 83; 179 66 84; 180 67 85;
181 68 86; 182 69 87; 183 70 88; 184 71 89; 185 72 90; 236 26 27; 237 62 63;
238 32 33; 239 68 69;
ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL
193 4 5 23 22; 194 5 6 24 23; 195 23 22 40 41; 196 41 42 24 23;
197 41 42 60 59; 198 59 58 40 41; 199 59 77 78 60; 200 10 11 29 28;
201 11 12 30 29; 202 29 28 46 47; 203 47 48 30 29; 204 47 48 66 65;
205 65 64 46 47; 206 65 83 84 66; 207 16 17 35 34; 208 17 18 36 35;
209 35 34 52 53; 210 53 54 36 35; 211 53 54 72 71; 212 71 70 52 53;
213 71 89 90 72; 219 7 8 26 25; 220 8 9 27 26; 221 25 91 92 43;
222 43 92 93 61; 225 62 80 81 63; 226 13 14 32 31; 227 14 15 33 32;
230 31 94 95 49; 232 49 95 96 67; 235 68 86 87 69;
ELEMENT PROPERTY
193 TO 213 219 TO 222 225 TO 227 230 232 235 THICKNESS 0.15
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETEE
2.17184e+007 POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.6158
ALPHA 5e-006 DAMP
0.05
TYPE CONCRETE STRENGTH
FCU 27578.9 END DEFINE
MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
11 TO 25 36 39 TO 50 61 TO 75 86 TO 100 111 TO 125 PRIS YD 0.381 ZD 0.2286
1 TO 10 26 TO 28 30 TO 32 34 35 51 TO 53 55 TO 57 59 60 76 TO 78 80 TO 82 -
84 85 101 TO 110 126 TO 185 236 TO 239 PRIS YD 0.4572 ZD 0.2286
MEMBER PROPERTY
37 38 PRIS YD 0.381 ZD 0.381
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
1 TO 3 19 TO 21 37 TO 39 55 TO 57 73 TO 75 FIXED
DEFINE 1893 ACCIDENTAL LOAD

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 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

. ZONE 0.1 RF 5 I 1 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05

SELFWEIGHT 1
MEMBER WEIGHT
1 TO 10 26 TO 28 30 TO 32 34 35 51 TO 53 55 TO 57 59 60 76 TO 78 80 TO 82 -
84 85 101 TO 110 126 TO 185 236 TO 239 UNI 15
FLOOR WEIGHT
YRANGE 0 15.25 FLOAD 3.75
DEFINE WIND LOAD
TYPE 1 WIND 1
INT 4.9058 8.84 7.87 8.96 8.96 4.51 HEIGT 1.9 3.425 3.05 3.05 3.05 1.525
EXP 0.8 JOINT 1 TO 96
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE SL X1893
LOAD X 1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE SL Z1893
LOAD Z 1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Wind TITLE WLWIND
LOAD X 1 TYPE 1 YR 0 15.25
WIND LOAD X -1 TYPE 1 YR 0 15.25
WIND LOAD Z 1 TYPE 1 YR 0 15.25
WIND LOAD Z -1 TYPE 1 YR 0 15.25
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 8 76 TO 78 80 TO 82 126 128 129 131 132 134 135 137 141 143 144 146 147 -
149 150 152 156 158 159 161 162 164 165 167 237 239 UNI GY -11.9
26 TO 28 30 TO 32 51 TO 53 55 TO 57 127 130 133 136 142 145 148 151 157 160 -
163 166 236 238 UNI GY -5.18
9 10 110 138 140 153 155 168 170 185 UNI GY -2.4
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE 3.05 15.25 FLOAD -1 GY
MEMBER LOAD
101 103 105 107 109 171 174 177 180 183 UNI GY -16.4
LOAD 5 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE LL
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE 3.05 15.25 FLOAD -3.75 GY
LOAD COMB 6 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 14 1.5
5 1.5
LOAD COMB 7 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 24 1.2
5 1.2 3 1.2
LOAD COMB 8 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 34 1.2
5 1.2 3 -1.2
LOAD COMB 9 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 44 1.2
5 1.2 1 1.2
LOAD COMB 10 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 54 1.2
5 1.2 2 1.2
LOAD COMB 11 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 6

REVA/CE/2022-2024 7
 Cost Analysis, Design, Modeling, and Visualization of G+3 and G+4 Buildings in
Virtual Reality using a Set of Civil Engineering Software

. 4 1.2 5 1.2 1 -1.2

LOAD COMB 12 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 7
4 1.2 5 1.2 2 -1.2
LOAD COMB 13 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 84 1.5
5 1.5 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 14 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 94 1.5
5 1.5 3 -1.5
LOAD COMB 15 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 104 1.5
5 1.5 1 1.5
LOAD COMB 16 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 114 1.5
5 1.5 2 1.5
LOAD COMB 17 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 124 1.5
5 1.5 1 -1.5
LOAD COMB 18 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 134 1.5
5 1.5 2 -1.5
LOAD COMB 19 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 144 0.9
5 0.9 1 1.5
LOAD COMB 20 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 154 0.9
5 0.9 2 1.5
LOAD COMB 21 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 164 0.9
5 0.9 1 -1.5
LOAD COMB 22 Generated Indian Code General_Structures 174 0.9
5 0.9 2 -1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
START CONCRETE DESIGN CODE
INDIAN
FC 25000 ALL
FYMAIN 415000 ALL
FYSEC 415000 ALL
MAXMAIN 16 ALL
MAXSEC 12 ALL
MINMAIN 12 ALL
MINSEC 10 ALL
DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 10 26 TO 28 30 TO 32 34 35 51 TO 53 55 TO 57 59 60 -
76 TO 78 80 TO 82 84 85 101 TO 110 126 TO 185 236 TO 239
DESIGN COLUMN 11 TO 25 36 TO 50 61 TO 75 86 TO 100 111 TO 125
DESIGN ELEMENT 193 TO 213 219 TO 222 225 TO 227 230 232 235
CONCRETE TAKE
END CONCRETE DESIGN PERFORM
ANALYSIS PRINT ALLFINISH

REVA/CE/2022-2024 8