612 Mechanical Engineering Design

20

O 16
FC
10
20°
Problem 11–32
z
Dimensions in inches.
Gear 3 B
24 dia.
A
A CC 2

FA Gear 4
10 dia. x
20°

11–33 The figure is a schematic drawing of a countershaft that supports two V-belt pulleys. The coun-
tershaft runs at 1500 rev/min and the bearings are to have a life of 60 kh at a combined reli-
ability of 0.98. The belt tension on the loose side of pulley A is 15 percent of the tension on
the tight side. Select deep-groove bearings from Table 11–2 for use at O and E, using an appli-
cation factor of unity.

300
45°
O 400
P2
P1
A 150
z
Problem 11–33 2
Dimensions in millimeters. B
250 dia. C 300 dia.

E
50 N
3
4
D
x

270 N

11–34 A gear-reduction unit uses the countershaft depicted in the figure. Find the two bearing reac-
tions. The bearings are to be angular-contact ball bearings, having a desired life of 50 kh when
used at 300 rev/min. Use 1.2 for the application factor and a reliability goal for the bearing
pair of 0.96. Select the bearings from Table 11–2.
 Rolling-Contact Bearings 613

16

F
14
O 25°
12
Problem 11–34 240 lbf
Dimensions in inches. 20°

z
A
Gear 3, 24 dia.
B C
Gear 4, 12 dia. 2
x

11–35 The worm shaft shown in part a of the figure transmits 1.2 hp at 500 rev/min. A static force
analysis gave the results shown in part b of the figure. Bearing A is to be an angular-contact
ball bearing mounted to take the 555-lbf thrust load. The bearing at B is to take only the radial
load, so a straight roller bearing will be employed. Use an application factor of 1.2, a desired
life of 30 kh, and a reliability goal, combined, of 0.99. Specify each bearing.

y
B

Worm pitch cylinder

A
Gear pitch cylinder
y
36
B

z x
Problem 11–35
(a) Worm and worm gear; 67
(b) force analysis of worm shaft, 212
forces in pounds. 36
555
x

555 T 72
(a) z 145

(b)

11–36 In bearings tested at 2000 rev/min with a steady radial load of 18 kN, a set of bearings showed
an L 10 life of 115 h and an L 80 life of 600 h. The basic load rating of this bearing is 39.6 kN.
Estimate the Weibull shape factor b and the characteristic life θ for a two-parameter model.
This manufacturer rates ball bearings at 1 million revolutions.
11–37 A 16-tooth pinion drives the double-reduction spur-gear train in the figure. All gears have 25◦
pressure angles. The pinion rotates ccw at 1200 rev/min and transmits power to the gear train.
The shaft has not yet been designed, but the free bodies have been generated. The shaft speeds
are 1200 rev/min, 240 rev/min, and 80 rev/min. A bearing study is commencing with a 10-kh
614 Mechanical Engineering Design

life and a gearbox bearing ensemble reliability of 0.99. An application factor of 1.2 is appro-
priate. Specify the six bearings.

895 417
c
F

8
1113
2385 657
3 b
8 E D
3 3280
60 T 1530 2
393
3280 1530
E F 6 613
c 1314

1314 a
C 613 B
16 3

16 T 80 T 2
C D
b 2274 502
874 1075
20 T
A B 9
a
A

12 9 2
Developed view 111
239
(a) (b) Developed view

Problem 11–37
(a) Drive detail; (b) force analysis on shafts. Forces in pounds; linear dimensions in inches.

11–38 Estimate the remaining life in revolutions of an 02-30 mm angular-contact ball bearing already
subjected to 200 000 revolutions with a radial load of 18 kN, if it is now to be subjected to a
change in load to 30 kN.

11–39 The same 02-30 angular-contact ball bearing as in Prob. 11–38 is to be subjected to a two-step
loading cycle of 4 min with a loading of 18 kN, and one of 6 min with a loading of 30 kN. This
cycle is to be repeated until failure. Estimate the total life in revolutions, hours, and loading
cycles.

11–40 A countershaft is supported by two tapered roller bearings using an indirect mounting. The
radial bearing loads are 560 lbf for the left-hand bearing and 1095 for the right-hand bearing.
An axial load of 200 lbf is carried by the left bearing. The shaft rotates at 400 rev/min and is
to have a desired life of 40 kh. Use an application factor of 1.4 and a combined reliability goal
of 0.90. Using an initial K = 1.5, find the required radial rating for each bearing. Select the
bearings from Fig. 11–15.

11–41* For the shaft application defined in Prob. 3–74, p. 138, perform a preliminary specification for
tapered roller bearings at C and D. A bearing life of 108 revolutions is desired with a 90 per-
cent combined reliability for the bearing set. Should the bearings be oriented with direct mount-
ing or indirect mounting for the axial thrust to be carried by the bearing at C ? Assuming bear-
ings are available with K = 1.5, find the required radial rating for each bearing. For this
preliminary design, assume an application factor of one.
 Rolling-Contact Bearings 615

11–42* For the shaft application defined in Prob. 3–76, p. 139, perform a preliminary specification for
tapered roller bearings at A and B. A bearing life of 500 million revolutions is desired with a
90 percent combined reliability for the bearing set. Should the bearings be oriented with direct
mounting or indirect mounting for the axial thrust to be carried by the bearing at A? Assum-
ing bearings are available with K = 1.5, find the required radial rating for each bearing. For
this preliminary design, assume an application factor of one.

11–43 An outer hub rotates around a stationary shaft, supported by two tapered roller bearings as
shown in Fig. 11–23. The device is to operate at 250 rev/min, 8 hours per day, 5 days per week,
for 5 years, before bearing replacement is necessary. A reliability of 90 percent on each bear-
ing is acceptable. A free body analysis determines the radial force carried by the upper bear-
ing to be 12 kN and the radial force at the lower bearing to be 25 kN. In addition, the outer
hub applies a downward force of 5 kN. Assuming bearings are available with K = 1.5, find
the required radial rating for each bearing. Assume an application factor of 1.2.
11–44 The gear-reduction unit shown has a gear that is press fit onto a cylindrical sleeve that rotates
around a stationary shaft. The helical gear transmits an axial thrust load T of 250 lbf as shown
in the figure. Tangential and radial loads (not shown) are also transmitted through the gear, pro-
ducing radial ground reaction forces at the bearings of 875 lbf for bearing A and 625 lbf for
bearing B. The desired life for each bearing is 90 kh at a speed of 150 rev/min with a 90 per-
cent reliability. The first iteration of the shaft design indicates approximate diameters of 1 18 in
at A and 1 in at B. Select suitable tapered roller bearings from Fig. 11–15.

A B

Problem 11–44
(Courtesy of The Timken Company.)
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 12–1
12–2
12
Chapter Outline
Types of Lubrication
Viscosity 619
618
Lubrication and Journal
Bearings

12–3 Petroff’s Equation 621

12–4 Stable Lubrication 623

12–5 Thick-Film Lubrication 624

12–6 Hydrodynamic Theory 625

12–7 Design Considerations 629

12–8 The Relations of the Variables 631

12–9 Steady-State Conditions in Self-Contained Bearings 645

12–10 Clearance 648

12–11 Pressure-Fed Bearings 650

12–12 Loads and Materials 656

12–13 Bearing Types 658

12–14 Thrust Bearings 659

12–15 Boundary-Lubricated Bearings 660

617