Grade 07: Maths

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Chapter Notes
U
YJ
B
 Chapter Notes

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Data Handling
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Grade 07
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B

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 Topics to be Covered

1. Data
• 1.1. Data Collection
• 1.2. Data Organisation
• 1.3. Frequency

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2. Representative

•
U 2.1.
Values
Arithmetic Mean
• 2.2. Range
• 2.3. Mode
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• 2.4. Median

3. Bar Graph and

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Double Bar Graph

• 3.1. Bar Graph
• 3.2. Double Bar Graph

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 Mind Map

Data Data
Frequency
Collection Organisation

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Data
Bar Graph

U Data Handling
Bar Graph and
Double Bar
Graph
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Double Bar
Representative Graph
values

Arithmetic Mean Range Mode Median

B

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 1. Data

1.1. Data Collection

Data collection is a process of gathering information

from all the relevant sources to find a solution to the
research problem. It helps to evaluate the outcome of
the problem.

• The collection of observations which are

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gathered initially is called raw data.

U 1.2. Data Organisation

Data organization is arranging the collected data in a proper

format so that it becomes easy to understand and interpret.
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• When the collected data is organised or arranged
so that it can be easily understood or interpreted
then it is known as organised data.

Example:

• A data set is given as: 5, 9, 13, 2, 6

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• Organising the given data by arranging it in ascending

order we get: 2, 5, 6, 9 and 13.

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 1. Data

1.3. Frequency

The frequency of a data refers to the number of times a

data occurs in the given data set.

Example:
• Consider the following data set:
5, 4, 7, 10, 10, 10, 7, 10, 5, 10

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• The frequency of each data entry is represented in
the following table:

Entry Tally marks Frequency

U 4
5
I
II
1
2
7 II 2
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10 IIII 5

• The above table is known as frequency

distribution table.
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 2. Representative Values

2.1. Arithmetic Mean

Arithmetic mean is the average of the given set of values.

It is the most common representative value of a data set.

Sum of all observations

Arithmetic Mean =
Number of observations

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Example:

• The arithmetic mean of the numbers 6, 8, and 10

6+8+10 24
U=
3
=
3
= 8
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2.2. Range

The difference between the highest and lowest

observation is called the range. Range gives us an idea of
the spread of the observations.
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Range = Highest Observation − Lowest Observation

Example:

• A data set is given as: 2, 5, 6, 9, 13

• Range = 13 – 2 = 11

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 2. Representative Values

2.3. Mode

Mode is the value that occurs the highest number of times.

Example:

• A data set is given as: 4, 5, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 5

• 6 occurs the highest number of times.
• So, the mode of the given data is 6.

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Mode of Large Data
Putting the same observations together and counting them
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is not easy if the number of observations is large. In such
cases we tabulate the data.
Example:
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• Find the mode of below data:
1, 3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 5, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2,
6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2
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• Looking at the table, we can quickly say that 2 is the

mode since 2 has occurred the highest number of times.

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 2. Representative Values

2.4. Median

The observation that lies in the middle of a set of

observations (after arranging in ascending or descending
order) is called the median of the data.

Example:
Consider the following data set: 3, 5, 5, 7, 3, 5, 3, 7, 3, 7, 5

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Ascending order Descending order
3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7 7, 7, 7, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3
U Median
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Let 𝑁 be the number of observations in the data.

• After arranging the data in ascending or descending
𝑵+𝟏 𝐭𝐡
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order, term is the median, when 𝑁 is an odd

𝟐
number.

• After arranging the data in ascending or descending

order, the median is calculated as
𝑁 th 𝑁 th
term + +1 term
2 2
, when 𝑁 is an even number.
2

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 3. Bar Graph and Double Bar Graph

3.1. Bar Graph

Bar graphs are a display of information using bars of

uniform width whose heights are proportional to the
respective values.

• Heights of bars are proportional to the values

that they represent​.

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• Bar graphs have two axes:
x(horizontal) axis y(vertical) axis
• The scale of a bar graph helps us to represent
large numbers within the page size.
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A bar graph representing quantity of ingredients A, B,
and C in litres is shown.
• The scale of the graph is taken as: 1 unit = 20 𝑙
• Along x axis ingredients are shown.
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• Along y axis the quantity in litres are shown.

• The quantity of ingredient A is 200 𝑙.

• Similarly the quantity of ingredient B and C are 120
𝑙 and 170 𝑙, respectively.

Scale: 1 unit = 20 𝑙
B

280
Quantity of ingredients (in 𝒍)

240
200
160
120
80
40
0
A B C
Ingredients

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 3. Bar Graph and Double Bar Graph

3.2. Double Bar Graph

A double bar graph is a graphical display of information

using two bars besides each other at various heights.
It may be drawn both horizontally and vertically. It is
useful for the comparison of the data.

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Conditions for drawing a joint bar graph:
• Number of samples must be same.
• Scale also must be same.
• Data type must be same​.
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A double bar graph representing the quantity of
ingredients A, B and C in zone-i and zone-ii is shown.
• The scale of the graph is taken as: 1 unit = 20 𝑙
• The quantity of ingredient A in zone-i is 240 𝑙 and in
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zone-ii is 60 𝑙.
• The quantity of ingredient B in zone-i is 120 𝑙 and in
zone-ii is 160 𝑙.
• The quantity of ingredient C in zone-i is 180 𝑙 and in
zone-ii is 220 𝑙.

Scale: 1 unit = 20 𝑙
B

280
Quantity of ingredients (in 𝒍)

240

200

160

120
Zone-i
80

40 Zone-ii
0
A B C
Ingredients

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